Ckvemw

A_p-A-Avem auZqZn

hnh\w:
hn.-]n. apl--Zen

`mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw:
s{]m^. sI.-]n. Iam-ep-o

Ckvem-anIv ]n-jnwKv lukv

tImgn-tmSv, Xncp-h-\--]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw, Xriq, Iq
 Ckvemw

{]kvXmh\
Ccp-]Xmw \qm-nse {]apJ ]WvUn-X\pw Ckvem-anI \thm-m-
\-\m-b-I-\p-amWv A_p-A-Avem auZq-Zn. hnip JpB ]cn-
`m-j-b-Sw \qdn-tesd I\-s IrXn-I-fpsS Imhp IqSn-bm-W-
tlw. Ad-_n, Cwo-jv, {^v DssS temI-nse ]e `mj-
I-fn-tepw At-l-ns cN-\-I CXn-\Iw hnh\w sN-
s-n-p-v.
auZqZn kmln-_ns "Ckvemw aXw' F {K-ns BZy-
`m-K-am-Wn-Xv. Fgp-]-Xn]cw `mj-I-fn-tev hnh\w sN-s
Cu IrXn, Ckvem-anI Zi-\s {]am-W--fp-sSbpw bpn-hn-
Nm-c-n-sbpw anI-thmsS hni-I-e\w sNp-p.
Ckvemw Fv? AXns ey-sav? Ckvem-anI BZi-hn-
izm-k - v a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xh
- p-am-bp _-sav? Ckvemw kzoI-
cn-p--Xp-sIm-p t\hpw kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xp-sIm-p
\jvS-hp-sav? AXv kan-p BZi-kn-m--v bpn-
`-{Z-amb h kmy-hp-aptm? XpSn Hc-t\z-jn-bpsS a\-n
Dbp-h-t-m-hp Hcp Iqw kwi-b-v Dcw \Ipp
Cu IrXn.
Ckvem-anI Zi-\s ]Tn-m-\m-{K-ln-p--hv Cu IrXn
sh-fnw \Ip-sap {]Xo-n-p-p. CXns Cwojv ]Xn-n\v
s{]m^. JpinZv AlvaZv Xm-dm-nb ]T-\ml-amb ASn-p-dn-
p-I Cu ]Xn-n Ds-Sp-n-bn-p-v.
{]km-[-I-
 Ckvemw

D-Sw

1. Ckvemw
"Ckveman's AYw
Ckvem-ans bmYmYyw
ssZh-\n-tj-[ns bmYmYyw
\ntj-[ns sISp-Xn-I.
Ckvem-ans kZv^-e-.
2. hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw
"hnizmk'ns AYw
m\e_v[nbpsS amK
AZr-iy-Im-cy--fn-ep hnizmkw
3. {]hm-N-IXzw
{]hm-N-I-Xz-ns bmYmYyw
{]hm-N-Is\ Fs\ Xncn--dn-bmw?
{]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-
{]hm-N-I-\n hniz-kn-p-sX-n\v?
{]hm-N-I-Xzw kwn]vX Ncn{Xw
apl-Zv \_n-bpsS {]hm-N-IXzw
apl--Zv -\-_n-bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xzw sXfn-hp-I
{]hm-N-IXz ]cnkam]vXn sXfn-hp-I.
 Ckvemw

4. hnizmk Imcy-
ssZh-n-ep hnizmkw
hnip hmIy-ns AYw
hnip hmIy-ns s]mcp.
GI-ssZh hnizm-k-ns ^e
ae-p-I-fn-ep hnizmkw
ssZh-{K---fn-ep hnizmkw
hnip--Jp-Bs khn-ti-j-X-I
ssZh-Zq-X-m-cn-ep hnizmkw
]c-tem-I-n-ep hnizmkw
]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-ns Bh-iy-IX
]c-tem-I-hn-izm-kw bpn-bpsS shfn--n
]cn-ip hmIyw
 Ckvemw

Ckvemw
an temI- a - X - fpw Hp- I n B aX- ns m]- I - s tbm
As-n AXpZv`-hn kap-Zm-b-n-stbm t]cn-em-W-dn-b-s-Sp-Xv.
DZm-l-c-W-ambn, {InkvXp-aXw F t] tbip-{In-kvXp-hn\nv
e`n--XmWv. _p-a-X-am-Is, AXns m]-I-\mb alm-flm-_p-
-\n-\n-pw. kucmjv{S aXw F t] AXns m]-I-\mb
kucmjv{S-sc ( Zoraster) kqNn-n-pp. blq-Z-aXw B t]cp
tKm{X-n-em-WpZv`hn-Xv. an aX--fp-sSbpw \ma-I-c-W-n--Sn-
m\w CXpXs. F-m, CkvemwaXw Cu s]mXp Xz-n-
-]-hm-Z-at{X. "Ckvemw' F t] Hcp {]tXyI hyn-bn\ntm
kap-Zm-b-n\ntm DZv`-hn--X. B \maw shfn-s-Sp-p-Xv
Hcp khn- t ij KpW- s - b mWv . Ckv e mw Hcp hyn- b psS
krjvSntbm Hcp kap-Zm-b-ns Ip-Itbm Asv AXns
\maw hy-am-pp. hyn, \maw, P\X Fn-h-tbmSv AXnv
{]tXyI _-sam-p-an. Ckvemw F khn-tij KpWw a\p-
jy-cn kwPm-X-am-p-I-bm-W-Xns eyw. KX-Ime P\-k-aq-l-
-fnse kXy-k-cpw kpIr-Xn-I-fp-amb GsXms Bfp-I-fn
{]kvXpX KpWw Dm-bn-cp-pthm Ah-scmw "apkvenw'-I-fm-bn-cpp.
Cpw Ah-cmWv "apkvenw-I.' Fpw Ah Xs-bm-bn-cnpw
"apkvenw-'I.
"Ckveman's AYw
"Ckvemw' FXv Hcp Ad_n i_vZ-amWv. "A\p-k-cWw', Iogvh-
Ww, kqW kaWw Fsmw AXn-Y-apv. asmcp hn[w
 Ckvemw

]d-m, "Ckvemw' Fm ssZhs A\p-k-cn-epw Ahv

Iogvh-W-epw Ah-\n khkzw kan--ep-amWv "Ckvemw'
F t]cns s]mcpfpw AXt{X.*
Ckvem-ans bmYmYyw
{]m]-nI hkvXp--sfmw Nne \nb-a-v hnt[-b-am-sWv
ImWmw. kqcyN{\-{X-tKm-f--sfmw `{Z-amb Nne \nb-a--fm
_n--s-n-cn-pp. B \nb-a-s-Xnsc AWp-h-fhpw Nen-p-
hm-\-hbvv km[y-a. `qan, Hcp \nn-X-th-K-n-emWv Id-p-Xv.
AXns \nnX thK-ntem ka-b-ntem ]Y-ntem Hcp amhpw
kw`-hn-p-n. hmbphpw shhpw shfn-hpw Dujvam-hp-samw C{]-
Imcw Nne \nb-a-hy-h--I-[o-\-amWv. [mXp-hK-, kky-e-
Xm-Zn-I, Pp-Pm-e- Fnh Dm-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw sNdp-Xm-
hp-Ibpw hep-Xm-hp-Ibpw Pohn-p-Ibpw acn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv A-h-
bvv \n-bn--s-n-p \nb-a-smv am{Xw. C\n, a\p-jyt\m?
Ah\pw Nne {]IrXn \nb-a - v hnt[-b\ - mWv. Ah P\n-p-Xpw
hf-cp-Xpw izkn-p-Xpw Blm-c-]m-\o-b- Ign-p-Xpw NqSpw
shfn-hpw Ic--am-p-Xpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-n-m-[m-c-amb \nb-a-
hy-h- I- f
- \
- p-kc
- n-mWv. Ahs lrZ-ba
- n-Sn-p-Ifpw izmk-p-Sn-p-Ifpw
c-Nw-{I-a-W-hp-samw AXm-Xns \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-p-am{Xw. Ahs
akvXn-jvIhpw Zl-t\-{n-bhpw \mUo-hyq-lhpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw ]t-
{n-b-fpw Fp-th ico-c-nse Hmtcm tImihpw AXm-Xn\v \n-
bn--s tPmen-I am{X-amWv \nh-ln-p-Xv.
hm\-tem-I-nse htKm-f- apX `qan-bnse ]c-am-Wp-h-sc-
bp khhpw Aew-L\ - o-ba
- mb Nne \nb-a
- v hnt[-ba
- mWv Fv
Npcpw. B \nb-a- alm-\mb Hcp ]cm-in \nan--XmWv. B
]cm-i-n-sb-bmWv {]]--a-Jn-ehpw AXnse kakvX krjvSn-Pm-e-
fpw A\p-k-cn-p-Xv. ImcWw, Ah \nan \nb-a-mWv
Ah-sbmw Iogvs-n-cn-p-Xv. Cu AY-n, kakvX temI-n-
sbpw aXw Ckvem-amWv. ImcWw, Ckvemw Fm ssZhs A\p-
k-cn-epw Ahv Iogvh-W-epamWv. Atm kqcy-N-{-\--{Xm-
* Ckvemw F ]Z-n\v kam-[m\w Fpw AY-apv. ssZh-nv kzbw kan-
pI hgn Hcmv imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-ambn kam-[m\w e`y-am-Ipp
FYw. A\p-k-c-W-\n-jvT-amb A-c-samcp PohnXw a\x-imn ssIh-cp-p-
Ibpw AXp-hgn kaq-l-n-ep-S-\ofw kam-[m\w m]n-p-Ibpw sNpp.
 Ckvemw

Zn-tKm-f- apkvenw-I-fmWv; `qan apkven-amWv; hmbphpw shhpw

{]Im-ihpw apkvenw-I-fmWv; Ip-Ifpw ac-fpw arK-fpw apkvenw-
I-fmWv; ssZhs Adn-bm--h\pw ssZh-\n-tj-[nbpw ssZth-X-c-
i-n-Isf ]qPn-p--h\pw ssZh-n A\ysc ]m-fn-I-fm-p-
-h-\p-samw apkvenw Xs-bmWv. ImcWw, {]IrXym apkven-am-
W-h. Ahs P\-\hpw Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-hp-samw Xs ssZhnI
\nb-a-v hnt[-b-amWv. Ahs khmw-K--fp-sSbpw kh-tIm-
i--fp-sSbpw aXw Ckvem-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-sbmw ssZhn-I-\n-
b-a-a-\p-k-cn-mWv Dm-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw Nen-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv.
Fn-t\sd, Ahn-th-I-m, ssZh-\n-tj-[tam _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-
ktam {]Jym-]n-p kzw \mhp-t]mepw apkven-amWv. ssZth-X-
cam- c psS apn Ah \n_- - ] qhw Ip\n- p kzw
incpw A-X-bm Ah-tcm-Sp kvt\l-`-n-_-lp-am-\-
\nd-p-Xp-fp-p Ahs a\pw apkven-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-
sbm-sbpw {]hn-p-Xv ssZhnI \nb-a--\p-k-cn-mWv.
Ah-bpsS Hmtcm Ne-\hpw ssZhnI hyh--Iv hnt[-b-hp-amWv.
CXv a\p-jym-h--bpsS Hcp hiw. CXn-smcp ad-ph-i-apv.
a\p-jy CXc krjvSn-Pm-e--sf-tm-se-b. hntij _pn-bm-e-
\p-Kr-lo-X-\m-W-h. Ahv Nnm-i-nbpw {Kmly-i-n-bp-apv.
A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S\ tijn-bpv. Hcp Imcyw kzoI-cn-m\pw asmv
Xnc-kvI-cn-m\pw Ahv Ignbpw. Hns\ CjvS-s-Sm\pw asm-
ns\ shdp-m-\p-amhpw. Hcp Pohn-X-]-Xn kzbw \nan-p-Itbm
asm-cm \nan-Xv kzoI-cn-p-Itbm sNm Ignbpw. Cu taJ-
e-I-fn a\p-jy, CX-c- h-kvXp--sf-tmse Hcp \nnX \nb-a-
hy-h-v hnt[-b-\. Bibw, A`n-{]mbw, Iaw Fn-h-bn
Ahv sXc-s-Sp-n-p kzmX-{y-apv. Hm-as Ah--
bn Ah CXc krjv S n--P m- e - - s f- t mse Pa\m "apkv e nw'
BsW-n cm-a-s-Xn "apkvenw' BIepw BIm-Xn-cn-epw
Ahs A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn s]-XmWv.
Cu A[n-Im-c-ns ASn-m-\-n a\p-jys\ cv Xc-ambn
Xncnmw. Hcp a\p-jy Xs {kjvSm-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs\
kzw \mY\pw bP-am-\\pw Bbn kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\mWv.
kzm[n-Im-c-ap {]iv\--fnt]mepw Ah bP-am\ lnXw am\n-
pp. Cu a\p-jy ]qW apkven-amWv. Ahs "Ckvemw' ]qW-
 Ckvemw

am-bn--gnp. Ahs PohnXw ASn-apSn "apkvenw'BWv. Adnthm

t_m[tam CmsX, \n_-n-X-\mbn Iogvs]-n-cp AtX \mYv
Ctm Adn-thmSpw t_m[-tmSpw IqSn hgn-s-n-cn-p-I-bm-W-h.
Dt-iy-c-ln-X-ambn A\p-k-cn-n-cp ssZhs Ctm-gh Dt-iy-
]qhw A\p-k-cn-pp. Ctm-g-hs m\w bYmY-amWv. ImcWw,
Adn-hn\pw m\-k-m-Z-\-n-\p-ap in- {]-Zm\w sNbvX ssZh-
s Ah AdnpIgnp. Ctm-g-hs Nnbpw A`n-{]m-bhpw
icn-bmWv. ImcWw, Nnm-i-nbpw {Kmly-i-nbpw A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-
\-ti-jnbpw {]Zm-\w-sNbvX ssZhs A\p-k-cn-p-hm Ah kzta-
[bm Btem-Nnp Xocp-am-\n-n-cn-pp. Ctm-g-hs \mhv kXy-amWv
]d-bp-Xv. ImcWw, AXnv kwkm-c-tijn \Inb ssZh-s--n-
bmWv AXv samgn-bp-Xv. Ahs apgp-h Pohn-X-nepw kXyhpw
kmK-hp-am-Wp-Xv. ImcWw, Ah X\n--[n-Im-c-ap--Xnepw Cm-
-Xnepw ssZhn-I-\n-b-a--fm-W-\p-k-cn-p-Xv. Ctm ka-kvX-tem-
I-tmSpw Ah _w m]n-p-I-gnp. ImcWw, {]m]-nI
hkvXp--f-Jn-ehpw A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw tkhn-p-Ibpw sNp AtX
ssZhs Xs-bmWv Ah\pw A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw tkhn-p-Ibpw
sNp-Xv. Ctm-gh - `qan-bn ssZh-ns {]Xn-\n[n (Jeo^)bmWv.
apgp-tem-Ihpw Ah-tXpw Ah ssZh-n-t-Xp-amWv.
ssZh-\n-tj-[-ns bmYmYyw
C-d a\p-jy-\n\npw hyXy-kvX-\mbn CXm asm-cm: A-
h apkven-ambn P\np; Adnhpw t_m[-hp-an-msX apkven-am-bn-s
XpSp. ]t, kzw _pnbpw m\-hp-ap-]-tbm-Knv Ah ssZ-
hs Adn-n; X\nv A[n-Im-chpw kzmX-{yhpap- Im-cy--
fn ssZhs A\p-k-cn-p-hm CjvS-s-n. Ch ssZh-\n-tj[n-
(Im^n) BWv. "Ip^v' F ]Z-ns AYw "Hfn-n-pI', "ad-bn-
SpI' Fsm-s-bm-Ipp. Cu a\p-jy kzw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ta
Ahn-th-I-am-Ip ad Cn-cn-p-I-bmWv. AXp-sIm-mWv Ahs\ "Im-
^n' Fp ]d-bp-Xv. kXy-n Ckvem-anI {]Ir-Xn-tbm-sS-bm-Wh
P\n-Xv. Ahs ico-c-nse kh-tIm-i-fpw {]hn-p-Xv
Ckvem-ans {]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. Ahs Npn-ep-ap kakvX-tem-Ihpw
Nen-p-Xv Ckvem-ans {]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. ]t, Ahs _pn-bpsS
ta ad hoWn-cn-pp. ka-kvX-tem-I-n-sbpw Xs Xsbpw
{]IrXn Ahv Am-X-am-bn-tm-bn-cn-pp. AXn-\m-eh- B {]Ir-
 Ckvemw

Xn-s-Xn-cmbn Nnn-pp; AXn-s-Xn-cmbn Nen-p-hm ]cn-{i-an-p-

Ibpw sNpp.
\ntj-[-ns sISp-Xn-I
ssZh-\n-tj[w Hc--X-bmWv. F, kmm AX AXv
Xs-bmWv. a\p-jy kzw {kjvSm-hmb ssZhs Adn-bm-Xn-cn-
pI F-Xn-s\-m ISp AX as-pv? {]]--am-Ip
Cu ]Sp-Iq- b{-ime cm-I Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv Hcm Im-
Wpp. ]t, AXv \nanv \nb-{nv \S-p--Xm-scv Ah-dn-
p-IqSm! [mXp-eh- W
-
- fpw cmk-hk - vXp-fpw tNv a\p-jy F
\nkvXp-ehpw AZv`p-X-I-c-hp-amb Hcp krjvSnsb hms-Sp AXn-
\n-]p-W-\mb inev]n Bcm-sW--h--dn-bn! Ahs apn A\ym-
Zr-i-amb Bkq-{X-W-n-sbpw KWn-X-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw ck-X-{-ns-
bpw ]cn-]qWX kv^pcnp\np sshhn[y kp-c-amb \nc-h[n
hkvXp-fpv. IWn-i-amb bpnbpw A-c-n-p kmaYyhpw
sXfn-p-\n-p ]Wn--c--fpv. Fnpw Ah-\-dn-bp-n, C-
hbvp ]nn {]hn-p kh-\pw khi-\pw ka-
Y\pw bpn-am-\p-amb in-tb-sXv! Adn-hns Cu BZym--cw-
t]mepw kzmb--am-n-bn-n-m Ccw Hcp hynv bYmY
m\-ns IhmSw Xpd--s-Sp--sX-s\? Cu an-ep-sm-cm,
F{X KmV-am-bm-tem-Nn-mepw F{X Xe-]p-I - m-tem-Nn-mepw m\-
ns EPphpw kt-lc - l
- n-Xh
- p-amb Dd amKw Hcp cwKpw Is-
p-I-bn. ImcWw, XpS--n Xs A-X-bm-Ip A-Im-c-
am-W-bm ImWpI. HSp-hpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-p-I-bn.
ssZh-\n-tj[w(Ip^v) Hcp A{I-a-amWv. F, Ghpw henb
A{Iaw Ip^vdmWv. A{Iaw Fm-se-sv \ap--dnbmw. Hcp hkvXp-
sh kzw {]Ir-Xnpw kz`m-h-n\pw hncp--ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p--
XmWv A{Iaw. {]m]-nI hkvXp-f-Jn-ehpw ssZh-ns Bm-
\p-hn-I-fm-sWpw Ah-bpsS {]IrXn Xs "Ckvemw' BsWpw
app ]d-p-htm. a\p-jy-i-co-chpw AXnse khmw-K-fpw CtX
{]Ir-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-mWv Nen-p-Xv. Ah-bvp-ta B[n-]Xyw ]pe-
m-\p ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX{yw ssZhw a\p-jyv \In-bn-p-s-
Xv icn-bmWv. ]t, Ah ssZh-ln-X-n-s\m-p-]-tbm-Kn--W-sa-
-XmWv Ah-bpsS {]IrXn Bh-iy-s-Sp-Xv. ]t, Hcp \ntj[n,
 Ckvemw

Ah kzw {]Ir-Xn-s-Xn-cm-bm-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-pI. Ah kzin-cv

A\y-cpsS apn Ip\n-pp. bYmY-n-eXv ssZh-ns Zmk-
\mWv. A\y-tcm-Sp kvt\lm-Z-c-hp-I-fm-Ip hn{K-l-sf Ah kza-
\-n {]Xn-jvTn-pp. {]IrXym ssZh-tm-Sp `b-`-n-_-lp-am-
\- am{Xw \nd-p- \nt--XmWm a\-v. kzw Ah-b-h-fpw
kzw \n-b-{-W-n-ep ap hkvXp-sfbpw Ah ssZth-O-s-
Xn-cmbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-pp. kXy-n Ah-bpsS {]IrXn B{K-
ln-p-Xv Ah ssZh-ln-X-n-s\mv D]-tbm-Kn--s-S-W-sa-mWv.
Cu a\p-jy kh-h-kvXp--tfmSpw A{Iaw ImWn-p-I-bmWv. kzw
AkvXn-Xz-tmSp t]mepw. Cbm-sf-m henb asm-c-{I-an-bmcv?
ssZh-\n-tj[w A{Iaw am{X-a, [nm-chpw IqSn-bmWv. cmPy-t{Zm-
lhpw \n-tI-Sp-am-WXv. Btem-Nnp t\mpI: a\p-jys hiw kz-
ambn Fm-Wp-Xv? Ahs akvXnjvIw krjvSn--Xm-cmWv? Aht\m
AtXm, ssZhtam? lrZbw, t\{Xw, \mhv XpS-nb Ah-b-h-
BcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? Ahs Xstbm AtXm ssZh-n-stXm?
a\p-jys Npnepw AkwJyw hkvXp-! B hkvXp- Ahs
D]-tbm-K- n\v ]mI-n! Ah D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm-\p inbpw bpn-
bp-apv a\p-jyv! CsXms krjvSn-sm-cp-n-bXv a\p-jy Xstbm
AtXm ssZhtam? kIe hkvXp-fpw ssZh-n-s-XmWv; Ah-\m-W-
h-bpsS {kjvSmhv; Ah am{X-am-W-h-bpsS DSa; Ah \In-b-Xp-
sImv am{X-amWv Ah a\p-jyv e`n-Xv CsXmw Bcpw k-Xn-
p kXy-f - mWv. kXyw CXm-sW-n, ssZhw \Inb akvXnjvIw
D]-tbm-Knv ssZh-n-s-Xn-cn Nnn-p-Xpw ssZhw \Inb lrZ-
b-n ssZh-hn-cp-m-i-b- ]pep-Xpw ssZh-a-cp-fnb ]t-
{n-b- ssZhm-`o-jvS-n-s\-Xn-cmbn D]-tbm-Kn-pXpw [nm-chpw
\n-tISpw ssZ-h-t{Zm-l-hp-a-s-n as-mWv? Hcp `rXy bP-am-\s
tNmdpw Xnv Abm-tfmSv [nmcw ImWn-m \ma-hs\ \n-sI--h-
s\v hnfnpw. Hcp-tZym-K- kzw A[n-Im-c- `c-W-Iq-S-n-
s-Xnsc D]-tbm-Kn-p--]w \ma-hs\ cmPy-t{Zmln Fp hnfnpw.
Hcm X\n-p-]-Imcw sNbvX-hs\ hn-p ]w \ma-hs\ \n-
bn-m--h-s\pw h-I-s\pw hnfnpw.
Fm, a\p-jy a\p-jy-t\mSv \n-tISpw h-\bpw [nm-chpw
sNpI Fv ]d-bp--Xn FY-am-Wp-Xv? Hcp a\p-jyv Blm-
 Ckvemw

cw \Im asmcp a\p-jyv Ign-bp--sX-s\? bYmY-n

Blmcw \Ip-Xv ssZh-at? DtZym-K--cpsS A[n-Im-c-
FhnsS-\nv hp? B[n-]-Xyhpw A[n-Im-chpw \Ip-Xv ssZh-at?
Hcm A]-cv \a sNp--sX-s\? Fmw ssZh-Z--at?
a\p-jys Ghpw henb IS-mSv kzw amXm-]n-Xm--tfm-Sm-Wtm.
Fm, amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS lrZ-b--fn km-\-hm--ey-ap-m-
n-b-Xm-cmWv? amXm-hns ape-m BcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? Xm
]Wn- s - p- m- nb kmZyw, {]tbm- P - \ - c - l n- X - a mb Hcp amwk-
]nWv U w am{X- a mb Xs km- \ - n\mbn kk- t mjw hybw
sNp-hm-\p a\-nXn ]nXr-lr-Z-b-n BcmWv krjvSn-Xv?
B amwk-]n-WvUs Xon-tm-n-h-fp-hm\pw Ahv inW
kwkvIc-W- \Ip-hm-\p-ambn kzw [\hpw ka-bhpw kpJ-
t`m-K-fpw _en-bn-p-hm-\p t{]c-I-in ]nXm--fn krjvSn-
- X m- c mWv ? "ssZhw' Ft adp- ] - S n- b pq. Atm a\p- j ys
kmm KpW-Imw-nbpw bYmY cmPmhpw ssZh-amWv. kthm-
]cn Ahs kwc--I\pw. B ssZhs \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw Ahs\
ssZh-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp a\p-jy F{X ISp
[nm-cnbpw cmPy-t{Zm-ln-bp-amWv! B ssZhs A\p-k-cn-m-Xn-cn-
p-Xpw Ahs Zmk-\mbn hn-m-Xn-cn-p-Xpw Fp-am{Xw
h-\bpw \n-tI-Sp-amWv!
Fm, ssZh-\n-tj[w ssZh-n\v h lm\nbpw hcp-n--
f-bp-sav Icp-X-cpXv. alm-cm-Pm-hmWv ssZhw. Ahs `c-Wm-Xnn-
bpsS BZnbpw Ayhpw \ap-n-Xp-hsc a\-n-em-m Ign-n-n.
AXn-i--\mWv ssZhw. tImSn--W-mb hm\-tKm-f-sf kzw
B-b\ - p-kc
- nv ]p-t]mse Id-n-sm-n-cn-p alm-i- n-am.
{]]--n-ep kI-eXpw Ahs kzmWv. Ah-bpsS Ah-Im-i-
n asm-n\pw Hml-cn-bn. AXn-_r-lpw \no-a-hp-am-WXv. {]]-
-nse kh- h-kvXp-fpw B{i-bn-p alm-k-{am-m-W-h. Ah-
v am-scbpw B{i-bn-t Bh-iy-an. kh{X kzX-{-\m-W-h.
A-s\-bp Hcp alm-cm-Pm-hn\v a\p-jy Ahs\ kzoI-cn-p--
XvsImv h em`tam Xnc-kvI-cn-p--Xp-sImv h \jvStam kw`-
hn-ptam? AXn-\p-am{Xw a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-n\v Fv m\-am-Wp-Xv?
a\p-jys IrX-Lv\X - bpw [nm-chpw hgn ssZh-n\v bmsXmcp lm\n-
bpw G]n-pI km[y-a. adnv, AXp-hgn a\p-jy kzw \mi-
 Ckvemw

n-\p kma-{Kn-I kzbw Hcp-pI am{X-amWv sNp-Xv.

a\p-jy Xopw ]cm-Pn-X\pw \jvS-s--h\pw Bbn-o-cpI
F-XmWv ssZh-\n-tj-[-n-sbpw ssZh-[n-m-c-n-sbpw A\n-hm-
cy-^ew. Ah-sm-cn-epw m\-ns t\hgn e`n-n. kzw
{kjvSm-hn-s\-tmepw Adn-bm-\p-X-Im m\w asv Ad-nhmWv
t\Sn-sm-Sp-pI? Ahs _pn kZm hf--h-gnt Ncnq. kzw
{kjvSm-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp--Xn ]ng-p-t]mb _pn as-n-emWv
t\hgn \S-pI? Pohn-X-nse kIe Gm-Sp-I-fnepw Ahv ]nghv
]nW-p-sIm-n-cnpw; [man-Ihpw \mK-cn-Ihpw kmwkKn-Ihpw
kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw km-n-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb taJ-e-I-sfmw
\mtimap-J-am-bn-cnpw. temIh \m-ihpw Ipg-hpw ]cpw;
c-p-g-I-sfm-gppw. A\ysc A{I-anpw; A]-cs Ah-Im-i--f-]-
l-cnpw. Zpjn Bi-b-fpw ZpjvsN-bvXn-Ifpw hgn kzPo-hn-Xs
Xs ZpjvI-chpw \c-I-Xp-ey-hp-ampw. C\n-b-h ]mc-{XnI temI-
s-n-bmtem? Ahs A{I-a - n-cb
- mb kh- hkvXp-fpw Ah-
s-Xn-cn A\ymbw t_m[n-npw. Ahs akvXn-jvIhpw lrZ-bhpw
Ip-Ifpw ImXp-Ifpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw am{X-a-, Hmtcm tcmahpw ssZh-
k-n-[n-bn Bh-emXn t_m[n-npw \ns I]\ ewLn-p-Ibpw
\ns [n-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-hm Cu A{Ian Rsf _em-mcw
D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p-shv! ssZhs [n-cn-p-sImv Ah
\S-p-Ibpw \nh-kn-p-Ibpw sNbvX `qanbpw \nb-a-hn-cp--ambn Ign
Blm-chpw \njn amK-n km-Zn-p-Ibpw sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw
sNbvX [\hpw A\ym-ba - mbn ssIh-is
- -Spn D]-tbm-Kn ap hkvXp-
fpw ssZh-k-n-[n-bn Ah-s-Xnsc ]cmXn ]dbpw. \oXn-am-\mb
ssZhw ]cm-Xn-m-cpsS k-S-]-cn-lm-c-n-\mbn Ip-hm-fn-Iv ITn-
\hpw \ny-hp-amb in \Ip-Ibpw sNpw.
Ckvem-ans kZv^-e-
ssZh-\n-tj-[-ns tZmj-^-e--fmWv CXp-hsc ]d-Xv. C\n,
Ckvem-an-I-amKw Df-hm-p kZv^-e- ]cn-tim-[nmw. {]]--
n-ep-S-\ofw Znhy-Xz-ns sXfn-hp-I hym]n-p-In-Sp--p-sv
apv {K-ln-p-htm. kp`-{Z-amb Hcp hyh--bn, kpi--amb \nba-
p Iogn Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-p AXn-a-l-mb Cu {]]w
\nanv \S-p-Xv AP--\mb Hc-[n-]-\m-sWpw Ahs B[n-]-
 Ckvemw

Xy-n-s-Xnsc Xe-s]m-m bmsXm-n\pw km[y-a-spw D-

Xnv kIe {]m]-n-I-h-kvXp--fpw kmyw hln-p-pv.
{]]--n-s-Xp-t]m-se-s ssZhs A\p-k-cn-pI F-
XmWv a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xnbpw. t_m[-]qh-a-msX Xs Ah kZm
ssZhs A\p- k - c n- p- s Im- n- c n- pp. ImcWw, ssZh- ns
{]IrXn\nb-a- ew-LnpsImv Ah-n-hnsS Pohn-n-cn-pI
km[y- a .
ssZhw a\p-jy\v m\ km-Z-\-tijn \In; Btem-N\m
i-nbpw {Kl-W-ti-jnbpw \In; kXym-kXy hnth-N-\-n-\p
Ign-thIn. AtXm-sSmw Ahv kzmX-{yhpw {]Zm\w sNbvXp.
Cu kzmX-{y-Zm-\-ns kmm Dtiyw a\p-jys\ ]co-n-
-emWv Ahs m\-sbpw _pn-sbbpw hnth-N-\-i-n-
sbbpw ]co-n-. Ahv e`n kzmX-{yw Fs\ D]-tbm-Kn-
pp Fv ]cn-tim-[n-. Cu ]co--bn GsX-n-ep-samcp
amKw Xs kzoI-cn-p-hm a\p-jy \n_-n--s-Sp-n.
As\ \n_-n-p ]w ]co--bpsS Dtiyw Xs hn^-
eam- b n- t mIpw. tNmZy- - S - e mkp sImSp tijw Hcp \nnX
Dcw Xs-sb-gp-Xm hnZymYn-Isf \n_-n-p--]w ]ns-
sb-n-\mWv ]co? GXp--c-hp-sa-gp-Xm kzmX{yw Ds-nte
Ah-cpsS icn-bmb tbmKyX Is-m-\mhq. icn-bp--c-sa-gp-Xp-
-h hnP-bnpw. Ahp apn ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS IhmSw Xpd-
p-Inpw. sXmb D-c-sa-gp-Xn-b-h tXmpw. kzw A{]m-
]vXnbpw Atbm-Ky-Xbpw `mhn]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]mX Ahp apn
AS-p-I-fbpw.
Hcp hyn Xsbpw {]]--n-sbpw {]IrXn Adn-bp-n.
kzw {kjvSm-hn-s\bpw Ahs KpW-K-W--sfbpw icn-bmbn a\-
n-em-p-n. X\np e`n ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX{yw Zpcp-]-tbm-K-
s-Spn Abm \nb-a-ew-L\w \S-p-Ibpw [nmcw ImWn-p-Ibpw
sNpp. Cu a\p-jy ]co--bn tXm-h-\mWv. m\w, _pn,
hnth-N-\-in, I-hy-t_m[w Fn-h-bnse ]co--bn-e-bm tXm-
n-bn-cn-pp. Xms\mcp Xcw-XmW a\p-jy-\m-sWpw Hn\pw sIm-
m--h-\m-sWpw kzbw sXfn-bn-n-cn-pp. AXn-\m, tasNm
hn[-n-ep ]cn-Wm-ata Abm-fln-p-pq.
 Ckvemw

C\n asmcp hyn ]co Pbn- - h . Abm Xs

m\hpw _pnbpw icn-p-]-tbm-Knv ssZhs Adnp; AwKo-
I- c np. AXn- - b m \n_- n- X - \ m- b n- c p- n. \a Xna- I sf
thXn-cn-p--Xn ]nghv ]msX, Xs kzX-{-amb sXc-s-Sp-
n-eqsS Abm \asb CjvS-sp. Xna kzoI-cn-p-hm-\-bmv
kzmX-{y-ap-m-bn-cpp. ]t, sNbvXn. Abm kzw {]IrXn
icnv a\-n-emn; Xs ssZhs Xncn--dnp. \nbaw ewLn-
m-\-bmv kzmX-{y-ap-m-bn-cpp. ]t, ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-am-
W-bm sXc-s-Sp-Xv. Cu a\p-jy ]-co--bn Pbnp. Fp-
sImv? Abm Xs _pn icn-p-]-tbm-Knp; Ip-IsImv
\-hw Ip; ImXp-IsImv \mbn tIp; akvXn-jvIw-sImv
icn- b mb A`n- { ]mbw cq]o- I - c np; kXyw kzoI- c n- p- s av a\-
vsImv Xocp-am-\np; kXyw Xncn--dn-p-sImv Xm kXy-
t_m-[-ap--h-\m-sWv ImWnp; kXy-n\p apn Xe-Ip-\n-p-
sImv Xm kXy-ns tkh-I-\m-sWv sXfn-bnp. As\
Abm ]co Pbnp. Ccw kZvKp-W--fp hyn-I Cl-
nepw ]c-nepw hnPbw {]m]n-pI Xs-sNpw Xo.
Cu a\p-jy PvRm\ Ia--fpsS GXv taJ-e-bnepw icn-bmb
hgn-bnte k-cnq. ImcWw, {kjvSm-hns\ Xncn--dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs
KpW- a\-n-em-p-Ibpw sNbvX hyn m\-ns BZn-bp-a-
yhpw icnv {Kln--h-\mWv. Acw hynv Hcn-epw ]nghv
]n. AbmfpsS BZy Imshv Xs kamK-n-emWv. Xs
Ayeyspdnpw Dd t_m[-ap-b - mv. Abm Hcp Xzm-
t\z-jn-sb-tmse {]]--c-l-ky--f-dn-bm ]cn-{i-anpw. ]t, A-
bm Hc-hn-izm-kn-sb-tmse Dulm-t]m-l--fnepw A\p-am-\--fnepw
sN-p-S-n. Abm {]Ir-Xn-imkv{Xw hgn {]m]-nI \nb-a- ]-
Tn-m ]cn-{i-anpw; {]]--n-e-`-hnp InS-p cl-ky-
]pd-s-Sppw; a\p-jy-\n ssZhw \nt]n-p-sh inhnti-j-
At\z-jnv Ispw; BImi `qan-I-fnse kh hkvXp-fpw
Fs\ bYm-hn[n D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-sav Ip]nSnpw; Fm,
Atm-sgms imkv{X-m-\s Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNp--Xn\npw
ssZh-t_m[w Abmsf XSbpw. ""Rm Cm-Wp hkvXp--fp-sS-
* Cu Zpxn-Xn-bmWv Cv B[p-\nI a\p-jys\ t\cn-n-cn-p-Xv. tUm. tPmUv ]d-
bpp: ""imkv{Xw Znhy-k-am-\-amb Ign-hp-I \apv {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-pp.
 Ckvemw

sbmw DS-a-bmWv; {]Ir-Xnsb Rm Iog-S-n--gnp; Rm {]Ir-

Xn-im-kv{Xs Fs kzmY-n-\mbn btYjvSw D]-tbm-Knpw;
temIs Rm An-a-dnpw; sImbpw sImebpw c-sm-cn-nepw
hgn Fs A[n-Im-cm-[n-]Xyw Rm temI-amsI m]npw'' Fn-
-s\-bp sX-p[m-c-W-sbmpw Abmp-m-hn. CXv ssZh-\n-
tj-[n-bmb Hcp imkv{X-s am{Xw hoc-hm-Z--fmWv.* imkv{Xob
Kth-j-W--fn ]ptcm-K-an-p-tmdpw apkvenw imkv{X-s
ssZh-hn-izmkw ZrV-X-c-am-bn-sm-t-bn-cnpw. A{X-bp-a-bm ssZh-
tmSv \n- b p- - h - \ p- a m- b n- c npw. kz\m- Y Xs Ignhpw
m\hpw h[n-n-p--Xns tXmX-\p-k-cnv Xm kaq-l-ns
tssa- i z- c y- mbn ]c- a m- h [n ]cn- { i- a n- t - - X p- s - m- b n-
cnpw Abm- f psS hnizmkw. ssZhw X\n- c p- f nb A\p- { K- l -
p \n-{]-Im-i\w AsXmp am{X-am-sW--bm IcpXpw.
A{]-Imcw Xs Ncn{Xw, km-n-I-imkv{Xw, cmjv{S-ao-amwk,
\nbaw XpS-nb taJ-e-I-fn \S-p ]T\Kth-jW \nco--W-
-fnepw Hcp apkvenw Hcn-epw \ntj-[n-bpsS ]nd-In-em-bn-cn-n.
]t, Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ho-W--fn henb Acw ImWpw. imkv{X
]T\w \S-p apkven-an\v icn-bmb ho-Whpw ]hn-{X-amb Dt-
iyhpw Dm-bn-cnpw. Xaqew Abm icn-bmb \nK-a-\--f-nse-n-
t-cpp; Ncn{Xw ]Tn-p-tm a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS `qX-Im-em-\p-`-h--
fn\nv ]mT-apsm-pp. P\-ka - q-l
- f
- psS Dm\]X-\
- v
tlXp-hmbn hn LS-I-fpw Ah-cpsS kwkvImc\mK-cn-I-X-I-
fn-e
- `-hn Pt\m-]I
- m-c{- ]-Za
- mb Imcy-fpw Abm NnI-s-Sppw.

Fnepw Ah {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-p--Xn kvIq Ipn-I-fp-sSbpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-

cp-sSbpw at\m-`m-h-amWv \mw {]Zin-n-p-Xv.'' {]apJ Zmi-\n-I-\mb _{Sv
d Fgp-Xpp: ""Iptd-qSn sXfn-p-]-d-bp--Xm-bm, D]m-[n-Ip-thn a\p-
jy-km-aYyhpw ey-p-thn a\p-jy-hn-UvVn-hpw Xn \S-p
Hcp ]-b - ns \Sp-mWv \mw Cp-Xv. hnh-ct- Spw Imcy-a - X
- b
- n-m-bvabpw
sImmWv a\p-jy Cv hsc AXn-Po-hn-n-p-Xv. m\hpw Imcy--a-Xbpw
hnUvVn-hpw Hp-tN-tXmsS `mhn IqSp-X kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-bn-cn--bmWv.
m\w in-bmWv. \-s--t]mse Xna-pap in. m\w IqSp--
Xn--\p-k-cnv a\p-jy\v XtSw IqSm--]w m\ h[\ bYmY-n
km-]-h[-\-bm-bn-cnpw.'' (Impact of Science on Society pp. 120-121)
asmcp {]apJ Nn-I Cu hntcm-[m-`m-ks hnh-cn-p-Xv ImWpI: ""hmbp-
hn ]d-h-I-sf-tmse ]d-m\pw shf-f-n ay-s-tmse \om\pw \mw
]Tn-n-cn-pp. `qan-bn a\p-jy-s\-tmse Pohn-m am{Xw \ap--dn-p-IqSm.''
( Quoted by Joad in 'Counter Attack From the East' p. 28)
 Ckvemw

Fnv DIr-jvS-hn-`m-K--fn Is-nb KpW-hn-ti-j--fp-]-tbm-

K-s-Sp-p-Ibpw Zpjn kaq-l--fpsS XIv \nZm-\-am-bn-o
Xna-Isf Xnc-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. km-nI cwK--bm
GXm\pw hyn-Iv am{Xw em`w t\Sn-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw \nc-h[n
t]v \jvSw hcp-n-sh-p-Ibpw sNp hyh--Iv ]Icw
a\p-jy-cm-in-sm-cp-t]mse KpW-{]-Z-amb [\m-K-a-\ -hyb coXn Bhn-
jvI-cnpw. cmjv{So-b-ta-J-e-bn Abm-fpsS apgp-{i-bpw, temIv
imnbpw kam-[m-\hpw \abpw \oXnbpw hnf-bm-Sm-\p-X-Ip `c-
W-hy-h m]n-p--Xn-em-bn-cnpw. Hcp hyntbm Intbm
ssZh-Zm-k-amsc kzw Zmkam-cmn amm-Xn-cn-m Abm
{inpw. `c-W-sbpw AXns apgp-h kzm[o-\-i-n-sbbpw ssZh-
ns A\m-a - mbn am{Xta Abm KWnq. am{X-a, Ahsb ssZh-
Zm-kam-cpsS tssaiz-cy-mbn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-hm ]c-am-
h[n ]cn-{i-an-p-Ibpw sNpw. \nbaw ssIIm-cyw-sN-p-tm P\-
v kqW-\oXn ssIh-cp--em-bn-cnpw Abm-fpsS eyw
Al-cm-b-hv kzw Ah-Im-i- \oXn-]qhw e`y-am-p-Ibpw
Bcpw A\o-Xnv hnt[-b-cm-hm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp \nb-a-hy-h.
apkven-ans kz`m-h
- n ssZh-`
- nbpw kXy-k - X
- bpw kam-
K \njvTbpw Dm-bn-cnpw. kh-n-sbpw DSa ssZh-amWv; Xsbpw
ap--h-cps-Sbpw ]-ep--sXmw ssZh-Z--amWv; Xm bmsXm-n-
sbpw DS-ab- kzi-co-c
- ns t]mepw. kI-eXpw ssZh-ns A\m-
a-mWv; Ah ssIImcyw sNm X\nv \I-s A[n-Imc kzmX-
{y-sf Xm ssZh-ln-X-n-s\mv am{Xw ssIImcyw sNt--
Xpv; Hcp-\m Cu A\m-av ssZhw Xncn-p-hmpw; Av Hmtcm
hkvXp-hn-sbpw IWv Xm t_m[n-n-t-n-hcpw Cu t_m[w
Hmtcm apkven-an-sbpw a\-n kPo-h-am-bn-cnpw.
Cu t_m[-tmsS PohnXw \bn-p a\p-jys kz`mh KpW-
Fp-am{Xw DIr-jvS-am-bn-cnpw! Abm-fpsS a\v Zphn-Nm-c-
-fn\nv ap-am-bn-cnpw; ZpjvNn--I Abm-fpsS akvXn-jvI-n-
\-\y-am-bn-cnpw; Xs Ip-Isf Xna-I-fn\n--bm Xncn-p-I-fbpw;
kt`y-X-c-am-b-h-bn\nv ImXp-I-f-Spw. Abm-fpsS \mhv AkXyw
Dcn-bm-Sp-I-bn. kzw Bam-i-b-n \njn--amb `Ww \nd-bvp-
-Xnepw Abm-njvSw hni-n-cn-p--Xm-bn-cnpw. Abm-fpsS Ic-
, \ymb-an-msX, A\yv t\sc Db-cp-I-bn; Imep-I sXmb
 Ckvemw

hgn-bn Ncn-p-Ibpan; kzw inc-ns\, AXv tOZn--s-Sp-sav

hmt]mepw, A\y-cpsS apn-e-bm Ip\n-p-I-bn. Xs bmsXm-
cm-ibpw Bh-iyhpw A{I-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw hgn ]qo-I-cn-p-I-bn.
\a-bp-sSbpw t{ijvT-X-bp-sSbpw aqn-bm-bn-cn-p-a-bm. Abmv
kXyw, kh-nepw hne-s--Xm-bn-cnpw. AXn-p-thn Xs apgp-
h Bi-I-fp-a-bm _en-bnpw. kIe em`-fpw ]cn-Xy-Pnpw
kztZ-l-s-tmepw! h em`hpw {]Xo-ntm \jvSw `btm Ak-
Xy-hp-ambn Atijw Abm kl-Ic - n-p-Ib
- n. hnPbw A-c- mv
am{Xw Al-X-s--XmWv.
Cu a\p-jys\-m t{ijvT\pw am\y-\p-amb asm-cm Dm-hn.
Imc-W-apv. Abm-fpsS incv ssZh-n-s-b-msX am-cpsS apnepw
Ip\n-bp-n. Abm-fpsS ssII ssZth-X-cam-cpsS apn-tev \ofp-
n. Atm ]ns, Abmsf lo\Xzw _m[n-p--sX-s\? Cu
a\p-jy-s\-m i-\mb asm-cmfpw Dm-hn. ImcWw, Abmv
ssZh-s-sbm-gnv am-scbpw `b-an. ssZh-n-\n-msX A\p-
{K-ltam HuZm-cytam Abm-fm-in-p-n. Cu an-ep Hcmsf kXy-
n \nv hyXn-N-en-n-p-hm Ign-bp in-tb-Xpv? Abm-fpsS
hnizmkw hne-p-hm-m GXv k-n-\mWv km[y-am-hpI.
Cu hnizm-kn-sb-m sFiz-cy-hm-\mbn asm-cmfpw `qap-J-p-m-
hn. ImcWw, Abm BUw-_-c-{]n-b-\; tZtl-O-I-fpsS ASn-a-b.
Zpcbpw AXymn-bp-ap--h-\; \ymbhpw \nb-a-hn-t[-b-hp-amb A[zm-
\-^-e-n kwXr-]vX-\m-W-bm. \njn--amK-nepw \nb-a-hn-cp--
ambpw kzcq-]n k-n-t\mSv \nbpw shdppw am{Xta Abmp-
mIq. Abm-fXv Ah-m-]qhw Xnc-kvIc - npw. a\x-im-nbpw kwXr-
]vXn-bp-am-Ip k-n-s\-m Aaq-ey-amb asv kzmWv a\p-
jy\v e`n-m-\p-Xv?
Cu a\p-jy-s\-m D-a-\mb Hcp kplrtm Iqp-Im-ct\m
Dm-hn. ImcWw, Abm Fm-h-cp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw hI-shp
sImSp-pp; Bcp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw A]-l-cn-p-n. kh-P-\--
tfmSpw \a-sN-pp. BtcmSpw Xna-sN-p-n. kh-P\
-
- f
- p-sSbpw
tssa-iz-cymbn {]hn-p-p. Fm, AXn\v bmsXmcp
{]Xn-^e-hp-am-{K-ln-p-n. P\-lr-Z-b- kzbw Abm-fn-te-m-
Ijn--s-Spp. Abmsf kvt\ln-p-hm\pw _lp-am-\n-p-hm\pw
 Ckvemw

kI-ecpw \n_-n-X-cm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpp.

Cu a\p-jys\-m kh-k--X\pw hniz-kvX-\p-ambn asm-cp-
- \ p- m- h n. ImcWw, Abm hnizm- k - h - \ sNp- I - b n;
kXyw apdp-sI-n-Snpw; hmKvZw ]menpw; Fn\pw tbmKy-\m-
bn-cnpw; ap--h Xs Im-ep-an-s-nepw ssZhw ImWp-p-
s t_m[-m-e-bm kh-cw-Kpw kXy-k-X ]pepw.
Cu an-ep Hcmsf BcmWv hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-pI? Hcp apkven-
ans kz`m-h-N-cy-I ]Tn-p--]w Abm \oN\pw lo\\pw
]cm-Pn-X\pw A\y-[o-\\pw Bbn-cn-pI Hcn-epw km[y-a-sv
hy-amIpw. Abm-sf-tmgpw tPXmhpw A[n-Im-cnbpw D-X\pw
Xs Bbn-cnpw. ImcWw, Ah-\n-ep-f-hm-p t{ijvT-Kp-W-sf
AXn-P-bn-p-hm Hcp inpw km[y-am-hn.
Cs\, Cu temIv am\y-X-tbmSpw t{ijvT-Kp-W--tfmSpw
IqSn PohnXw \bn--tijw Ah kz\m-Y-\mb {]] {kjvSm-
hns Xncp- k - n- [ n- b n lmP- c m- h pp. Atm ssZhw Xs
kvt\lm-\p-{K-l-fpw Icp-Wm-I-Sm--fpw Ahs ta hjn--
pp. ImcWw, ssZhw Ah-s\-tb]n A\m-av hcp-n-sh
D-c-hm-Zn-Xz- Abm IrXy-ambn \nd-th-n-bn-cn-pp. ssZh-
ns kIe ]co--Ifpw \qdp-i-X-am\w amtmsS Abm hnP-
bn-n-cn-pp. CXt{X, imiz-X -hn-Pbw. Cl-temIw sXmv ]c-temIw
hsc XpSp-t]m-Ip, A\--amb, al--c-amb hnPbw.
CXm-Wnkvemw {]IrXn aXw. Cu aXw Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-
b-tmtSm cmPy-tmtSm am{X-ambn _-s--X. Fm Imepw,
Fm cmPypw Fm kap-Zm-b--fnepw Ign-p-t]mb ssZh-`-cpw
 Ckvemw

kXy- k - - c p- a mb Fm k- \ - - f p- s Sbpw aX- a m- b n- c pp CXv .

Nnecp-sS `mj-bn AXns t] "Ckvemw' Fm-bn-cpncnmw.
ap t]cp- I - f nepw AX- d n- b - s - n- c nmw. GXm- b mepw Ah- s cmw
"apkvenw-'I Xs-bm-bn-cpp.

hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw
"Ckvemw' FXv temI-\m-Y-\mb ssZhs A\p-k-cn-p--Xns
t]cm-sWv Ign A[ym-b-n\nv {Kln-p-htm. C\n ]d-bp-
Xv, A\p-k-c-W-n\v Adn-hn-sbpw ZrVhn-izm-k-n-sbpw Bh-
iy-I-X-sb-p-dn-mWv. a\p-jy Nne kwK-Xn-I Adn-bp-Ibpw B Adn-
hv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNm Ime-tmfw Ahv ssZh-
s A\p-k-cn-pI km[y-a. Hm-a-Xmbn, ssZh-ns BkvXn-Iy-
s-p-dnv a\p-jyv ]qW-amb Dd-p-m-bn-cn-Ww. ssZhw Ds-
p hnizmkw Xs Cm--hv ssZhs A\p-k-cn-m-\m-hn-
tm. AtXm-sSmw ssZhnI k-bpsS KpW--sf-p-dn-p Adn-
hpw thWw. ssZhw GI-\m-sWpw Ahv Xpey-ambn Hp-an-spw
Ad-nbm Hcm A\y-cpsS apn Xe-Ip-\n-p-Ibpw ssI\o-p-Ibpw
sNpI kzm`m-hnIw. AXp-t]mses ssZhw Fmw tIp--
h\pw Adn-bp--h-\p-am-sWv Hcm-dn-bn-s-n ssZhnI \nb-a-
ewLn-p--Xn\nv kzbw XS-bm Abms-s\ Ignbpw?
ssZhn-I-Kp-W--sf-p-dn-p icn-bmb Adn-hns A`m-h-n C-
kvemw \njvIjn-p BZi-]-chpw Ia-]-c-hp-amb kZv]-m-hn
Ncn-p-hm a\p-jyv km[y-am-hn. Ckvemw hn`m-h\ sNp
hnin-jvS-Kp-W- Abm-fn Df-hm-Ip-I-bp-an. Fm, {]kvXpX
 Ckvemw

Adnhv tIh-e-amb Adnhv am{X-am-bm t]mcm. adnv, AXn-s-Xn-

cmb Nn-I-fn\nv a\pw AXnv hncp--amb Ia--fn\nv
Pohn-Xhpw ap-am-I---hw AXv Dd--hn-izm-k-ambn amdWw.
]noSv, ssZhm-`o-jvS-a-\p-k-cnv PohnXw \bn-p-hm-\p amK-
ta-sX--dn-bWw. ssZh-ns lnXm-ln-X--f-dn-bWw. ssZhw CjvS-
s-Sp-Xpw shdp-p--Xp-sa-sm-s-sbv a\-n-em-Ww. Cu
Adnhv , ssZhnI \nb- a - h y- h - - I - s f- p- d n- p ]qW- m- \ -
n\nt e`nq. B hyh- - I ssZh- n- t Xv Xs- b m-
sWpw Ah ]np- S - c p- - X n- e qsS am{Xta ssZh- { ]oXn e`nq
Fpap ZrV-hn-izm-khpw thWw. ImcWw, ssZhn-I-\n-b-a--sf-
p-dnv A-\mb Hcm GXv \nb-a--fmW-\p-k-cn-pI? C\n,
Adn- h p- s - ns ZrV- h n- i zm- k - a n- s - ntem? As- n,
ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-k-vY-I-sf-tmse ap -\n-b-a-hy-h--Ifpw icn-
bm- b n- c n- m- s a- - h hnNm- c n- p- p- s - ntem? Hcn- - e p- a - h v
ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-sb IrXy-amtbm ]qW-amtbm A\p-k-cn-m-
\m-hn.
Cu Adn-hn\pw ZrV-hn-izm-k-n\pw tijw thXv ssZh-[n-
m-c-ns `hn-jy-n-s\-p-dnpw ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-ns kZv^-
e-s-p-dnpap Adn-hmWv. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-s-bpw ssZh-k-
n-[n-bn lmP-cm-Ip--Xn-s\bpw Ipdnpw Ahn-Ss cm in-
Isfnbpw ]qW-amb Adnhpw AXn- Dd hnizm-khpw Dm-
bn-cn--Ww. ]c-temI Pohn-Xsp-dnv A-\mb Hcm A\p-
k-c-W-n-sbpw [nm-c-n-sbpw ^e-n Fv hyXym-k-amWv
ImWpI? A\p-k-cn--h\pw [n-cn--h\pw Ahs In kaw.
Ccp-hcpw \inv am-bn-tm-hp-I-bmWv. Fn-cns, ssZhm-\p-k-c-
W-ns \n_--\-Ifpw AXp hcp-n-sh-p {]bm-k-fpw
kln-m Abm Xm-dm-Iptam? Cl-tem-Iv IjvS-\-jvS-
Gp-hm-n-smv Abm ]m]-fpw Ip-Ir-Xy-fpw shSn-bp-sav
{]Xo-n-mtam? Cu Ah--bn a\p-jy ssZhnI \nb-a--
tfmSv Iqdp--h-\m-hp-I-bn. C\n-sbm-cmv ]c-tem-I-s-p-dnpw
ssZh-ns tImS-Xn-sb-p-dnpw Adn-hpv. ]t, Ah-bn ZrV-
hn-izm-k-an-s-ntem? ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-n ASn-bp-d-p-\n-evm-
\m-hn. kwi-bhpw ktlhpw a\p-jys\ Hnepw Dd-n-p-\np-
 Ckvemw

I-bn. Hcp {]hrn ^e-{]-Z-sa-p-d-p-s-nte \n-fXv a\-n-

cpn sNp-I-bp-ffq. AXp-t]mse tZmj-I-c-am-sW ZrV-hn-izm-
k-ap-s-nte \nXv kzta-[bm hPn-m-\mhq. AXn-\m,
Hcp amKw Ah-ew-_n-p-hm AX-h-ew-_n-m-ep-m-Ip ]cn-Wm-
a-sbpw Ay-^-e-sbpw Ipdn-p Adnhv Hgn-p-IqSm--XmWv.
B Adnhv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ambn cq]m-cw {]m]n-p-Ibpw thWw.
"hnizmk'ns AYw
"Adnhv', "ZrV-hn-izmkw' Fo ]Z--fpsS Ad_n i_vZ-as{X
"Cuam' (hnizmkw). icn-bmbn Adn-bp-Ibpw t_m[-]qhw AwKo-I-
cn-p-Ibpw sNpI FmWv "Cuam' F ]Z-ns ]qW-amb
AYw. As\ sNp--hs\ "apA-van' Fpw ]d-bpp. ssZh-
ns GI-Xbpw Ahs km-Kp-W-fpw \nb-a-hy-h-bpw cm-
in-I - fpw Adnv Ah-bn ZrV-ambn hnizkn-p-h
- \mWv apAvan
(hnizmkn). a\p-jy "apkvenw'* Bbn-o-cpI F-XmWv "Cuams'
^ew.
"Cuam' CmsX Bpw apkven-am-hpI km[y-asv Cu hni-
Zo-Ic
- Ww hy-am-pp. kky-v Ah-bpsS hnp-am-bp _-
amWv Cuamv Ckvem-ap-am-bp-Xv. hnn-msX kky-ap-m-Im--
Xp-t]mse Cuam-\n-msX Ckvem-ap-an. ]mInb hnv, ans ]pjvSn-
p-dthm Imem-h- b- psS {]mXn-Iq-eytam aqew, \mbn hfn-sp
hcmw. AXp-t]mse Cuams _e-lo-\-Xtbm inW]cn-io-e-\--
fpsS t]mcm-bvatbm Iqp-sI-p-I-fpsS Zpxkzm-[o-\tam aqew Hcm
]qW\pw ]Iz-\p-amb apkvenw BIm-sX-bp-an-cnmw.
Cuam-sbpw Ckvem-an-sbpw ASn-m-\
- n a\p-jysc \membn
Xcw Xncnmw:
1. ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw B hnizm-k-m {]tNm-Zn-X-cmbn
ssZh-I- ]-\I
- ]qW-ambn inc-km-hl
- n-p-Ibpw sNp-h
- . ssZhw
shdp-p-- Im-cy--fn\nv Ah An-bn \ns--t]mse hnp-
\npw. ssZh-an-jvS-s-Sp Imcy-mbn, [\-k-m-Z-\mYw
kmthiw {]hn-p--t]mse A[zm-\npw. Ch-ct{X kmm
apkvenw-I.
* ssZhs am{Xw A\p-k-cnv Pohn-p--h.
 Ckvemw

2. hnizm-kn-I-sf-nepw, ssZh-n\v kqW-ambn kan-m

kzbw t{]cn-n-m am{Xw hnizm-k-n\v in-bn-m--h. Ch-cpsS
]Zhn A]w Xmsg-bm-sW-nepw apkvenw-IXs. Ch \nb-a-ew-
L-Icpw AXn-p inv Al-cp-amWv. ]t, Ah-cpsS nXn
cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fp-tStXm [nm-cn-I-fp-tStXm A; shdpw Ip-hm-fn-I-fp-
tSXv am{X-amWv. ImcWw, Ah cmPm-hns\ k-Xn-p-Ibpw cmP-\n-b-
a-sf \nb-a-ambn AwKo-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pv.
3. hnizmkw Xosc-bn-s-nepw ]pdta, ssZhn-I-\n-b-a- A\p-
k-cn-p--h. Ch kXy-n, cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fmWv. Ch-cpsS ]pdw-
]qv bYmY- n ssZh- t m- S p A\p- k - c - W - a . AXn-
\ms, ]cn-K-Wn--s-tS--Xp-a. cmPm-hns\ cmPm-hmbpw cmP-
Io-b -\n-b-a-sf bYmY- \n-b-a--fmbpw AwKo-I-cn-m--h-sc-
tm- s e- b m- W n- h . ]pdta, cmP- \ n- b - a - - f - \ p- k - c n- p- p- s - nepw
Ah cmPm-hn\v Iogvs--hcpw cmP-Iob \nb-a--tfmSv Iqdp--hcpw
BsWv ]d-bpI h. GXp-\n-epw cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fpsS Iq-n-
em-W-h-cpsS m\w.
4. hnizmkw Hp-an-m--tXm-sSmw ZpamKn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-cn-I-
fp-am-b-h. Ghpw XmW-]-Sn-bn-em-Wn-h. ImcWw, Ch [nm-cn-
I-fpw cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fp-am-b-tXm-sSmw Zphr-cpw \mi-Im-cn-I-fpw-
Iq-Sn-bmWv.
Cu hn`-P-\-n\nv Hcp Imcyw hy-am-Ipp a\p-jys
hnP-bk - u-`m-Ky- \ne-sIm-p-Xv Cuams\ B{i-bn-mWv; Ckvemw
AXv ]qWtam A]qWtam BIs Cuam-\m-Ip hnn\nt
apf-p-hcq. Cuam Cm-n-Sv Ckvemapw Dm-In ]Icw "Ip^v'
BWp-m-hpI. AXns asmcp t]cmWv "_Km-hv'. cmPy-t{Zmlw,
[nmcw, \nb-a-ew-L\w Fsm-s-bm-W-Xn-Yw. AXp Nne-tm
Kpcp-X-c-amIpw ap Nne-tm \nm-chpw. AXv am{X-amWv hyXymkw.
m\-e-_v[n-bpsS amK-
A\p-k-c-W-n\v hnizmkw AXy-m-t]-n-X-amWv. hnizm-k-n\v
m\hpw ssZhn-IK- p-W
- s
- fbpw ssZhnI hyh-s
- bbpw ]c-temI
Pohn-X-sbpw Ipdn-p m\w; ZrV-hn-izm-k-n-tev \bn-
p bYmY m\w. Cu m\w Fhn- s S- \ nv , Fs\
 Ckvemw

e`npw? CXmWv ASp Nm-hn-jbw.

AXn-a-l-mb Cu {]]w Hcp {kjvSm-hns krjvSn-bmWv;
Ah Xs-bmWv AXv \nb-{nv \S-p-Xv. Cu kXy-n\v
kmn \np ssZhnI ZrjvSm-- Cu {]]--n-sepw
hym]np InS-pv. - Cm-cy--sfmw apv hnh-cn-p-htm. {]kvXpX
ZrjvSm-- f- n kh ssZhnI KpW-fpw {]I-Sa - mbn ImWmw. bpn,
in, ss\]pWyw, m\w, ImcpWyw, kpc, khm-[n-]Xyw
XpSn Fmw. Fm, CuZri Imcy- honv {Kln-p--Xn
a\p-jy-_p-nv Gsd-psd ]nghv ]n-bn-cn-pp. {]kvXpX ZrjvSm-
--sfmw apn-ep-m-bnpw Nne ssZhw cp-spw ap Nne
aqp-spw thsd Nne \nc-h-[n-bp-spw hmZnpIfp. \mem-
a-sXmcp Iq Znhy-Xzs ]e-Xmbn `mKnp. ag-smcp ssZhw, Imn\v
Hcp -ssZhw, AKv\n-smcp ssZhw Fn-s\. {]kvXpX ssZh--
smw t\Xm-hmbn Hcp henb ssZhhpw. Cu hn[w ssZh-sbpw
Ahs KpW--sfbpw {Kln-p--Xn a\p-jy-_p-nv ]nghv ]n-
tm-bn-pv. Ah-sbmw khn-kvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-m ChnsS k`-
an.
ac-Wm-\--c -Po-hn-X-s-p-dn ImgvN-m-Snepw P\-v sXp-
]n. ac-W-tmsS a\p-jy am-bn-tm-Ipp; ]ns asmcp Pohn-X-
ta-bn Nne hmZnp. a\p-jy Xs Ia-^-e- A\p-`-hn-m-
\mbn ]p\Pa-sa-Spv Cu temI-tv Xs hopw hopw Xncn-
p-h-cp-p-sh-mWv ap Nne-cpsS hmZw.
ssZh-ln-X-n-s\mv Pohn-m-\m-h-iy-amb \nb-a- a\p-jy\v
kzw bpn-bp-]t- bm-Knv \nan-mtam? hfsc ZpjvIc
- a
- mb Hcp tPmen-
bm-WXv. a\pjy_pn Xopw Ip-a-Xpw Ahs sshm-\nI
knn A]m-chpw BsWv k]n-pI. AXp-]-tbm-Knv \nc-h[n
kwh--c--fnse ]co--W-\n-co--W-p tijw XZzn-j-b-n
GXm-sm-c-`n-{]mbw cq]o-I-cn-m Ahv Ign-tpw. Fm,
Atmgpw Xm ]qW-ambpw kXyw Is-n--gn--pshv Dd-n-
m Ah-m-hn. bmsXm-cp -amK-Zi-\hpw \ImsX a\p-jys\
kzX-{-\mbn hn-tijw Ah-t\mSv kzw _pnbpw Ign-hp-ap-]-tbm-
Knv kXyw Ip-]n-Sn-m-\m-h-iy-s-SpI, Ip ]nSn--hsc tPXm-
-fmbpw Am--hsc tXm-h-cmbpw KWn-pI CXmWv a\p-jy-
 Ckvemw

_p-n-bpsS ta \S-mhp kqW ]co. Fm, Icp-

Wm-a-b-\m-b -ssZhw kzZm-kamsc Acw AXn-I-Tn-\-amb Hcp
]co-v hnt[-b-\m-p-n. adnv, Xs Imcp-Wym-Xn-tc-I-m,
Ah, a\p-jy-cn\n-smcp hn`m-Ks {]tXyIw sXc-s-Spv
Xs KpW-sf kw_-n icn-bmb m\w Ahv \In.
Xs lnX- n- s \mv PohnXw \bn- p- h m- \ p amK- t a- s Xv
Ahsc Adn-bnp. ]c-temI Pohn-X-s-p-dn-p bYmY hnh-c-
Ahp \In. Fnv Ah-tcmSv ap P\-v Ah Fn-
p-sIm-Sp--W-sav \ntZ-inp. Ah-cmWv ssZh-ns {]hm-N-
Iam. Ahv B m\w \Inb coXnsb Znhy-t_m-[\w1
Fv ]d-bpp. Ahv \Inb {Ks ssZh-{Kw2 Ftm
ssZh-hmIyw3 Ftm hnfn-pp. CtXmsS, a\p-jy-_p-nbpw hnth-
Ihpw asmcp hn[-n-ep ]co-v hnt[-b-am--s-Sp-I-bmbn.
{]hm-N-Iam-cpsS DIrjvS PohnXw Ipw, Ah-cpsS DZm--am-
XrI ]Tnpw a\p- j y At- l s {]hm- N - I - \ mbn hniz- k n- p-
ptm Ct F-XmWm ]co. Ah kXy-k-\pw kXy-
tk-h-I-\p-am-sW-n kXy-sbpw kXyw DZvt_m-[n-n-p--h-sc-
bpw kzoI-cnv ]co Pbnpw. kzoI-cn-p-n-s-n-e-Xns AYw
kzw {Kl- W - t ijn Ah ]mgm- n- - f - p- s hv am{Xw. B
\ntj-[w Ahs\ ]co--bn ]cm-Pn-X-\m-pp. am{X-a, ssZh-
sbpw ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h--sbbpw Ipdn-p bYmY m\w
Ic-K-X-am-p-hm Hcn-epw Ahv km[n-n-spw hcpw.
AZriy Imcy--fn-ep hnizmkw
\ap-smcp Imcyw Adn-bn-s-n-se-mWv sNpI? Adn-hp--
hsc kao-]npw; Ah-cpsS \ntZiw kzoI-cnpw. tcmKw _m[n-
mtem? kzbw NnIn-n-p--Xn-\p-]-Icw Hcp tUmIvSsd kao-]npw.
tUmIv S - d psS tbmKy- X bpw {]i- k v X nbpw ]cn- N - b hpw aqew B
tUmIvSv \s NnIn-n-m-\p Ign-hp-sv \mw hniz-kn-
pp. B hnizm- k - n- s ASn- m- \ - n- e mWv Abm
IpdnpXcp acpv Ign-p-Xpw Dt]-n-m ]d-h hPn-
p-Xpw. \nb-a-{]-iv\--fn D]-tZiw tXSm \msamcp ho-ens\
kao-]n-p-Ibpw Abm ]d-bp-Xv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-p-

1. hlvbv 2. InXm-_p-mln 3. Iem-ap-mln

 Ckvemw

Ibpw sNpw. hnZym-k-m-Z-\-n Kpcp-\m-Ys\ hniz-kn-pp;

Atlw ]Tn-n-p-X-cp-Xv ASn AwKo-I-cn-pp. bm{X-bn hgn-
b-dn-bmsX hm, Adn-hp--hsc \mw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw Ah
ImWnpXcp hgnv bm{X XpS-cp-Ibpw sNpp. Npcp--n,
euInI Imcy--fn Adnhv t\Sp-hm Adn-hp--hsc hniz-kn-p-
hm\pw A\p-k-cn-p-hm\pw \mw \n_-n-X-cmWv. CXn-mWv AZr-
iy-Im-cy--fn-ep hnizmkw Fv ]d-bp-Xv.
AZr-iy-Im-cy--fn hniz-kn-pI F-Xns AYw \ap--dn-
hn-m Imcy- Adn-hp--h-cn\nv ]Tn-p-Ibpw AXn Ddv
hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNpI Ft{X. {]]--\m-Y-\mb ssZh-sbpw
Ahs KpW--sfbpw Ipdnv \ap--dn-hn; ssZh-ns ae-p-
I ssZh-\n-b-a-v hgn-sv temI Imcy- \S-n-sm-n-
cn-pp Fv \ap--dn-hn. Ah \s hebw sNbvXn-cn--bm-
sWpw \ap--dn-p-IqSm. ssZh-ln-X-n-s\mv Pohn-p-hm-\p
kXy-amK-ta-sX Imcyhpw \ap--m-X-amWv. ]c-temI Pohn-
X-s-p-dnpw \apv th{X m\-an. AXn-\m, {]kvXpX
kwK- X n- I Adn- b p Hcmsf Ip]nSn- t - Xv Bh- i y- a mbn
hcpp. Hcm- f psS kamK- \ n- j v T bpw kXy- k - - X bpw ssZh- ` -
nbpw PohnX hnip-nbpw bpn-bp--amb kwkm-chpw Iv,
Abm ]-d-bp-Xv kXyhpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-am-sWv k-Xn-p-
p-sh-n \mw hniz-kn-p-Xv AZr-iy-Im-cy--fn-emWv. ssZhs
A\p-k-cn-p-hm\pw ssZh-ln-X-n-s\mv Pohn-p-hm\pw AZr-iy-
Im- c y- - f n- e p Adnhpw hnizm- k hpw Hgn- p- I q- S m- - X mWv . Cu
Adnhv {]hm-N-Iam-cn\nt e`nq.
 Ckvemw

{]hm-NI
- Xzw
I gn A[ym- b - n aqv Imcy- - f mWv hnh- c n- Xv : Hv :
ssZhs A\p-k-cnv Pohn-p-hm ssZh-ns k, KpW-,
ssZhn-I-amKw, ]c-tem-I-nse cm-in--I Fnh kw_-nv
icn-bmb m\hpw AXn hnizm-khpw Dm-bn-cn-Ww. cv:
{]kvXpX m\w kz]-cn-{i-a-m kzmb--am-pI F ITn\
]co--W-n\v ssZhw a\p-jys\ hnt[-b-am-n-bn-. adnv, AXv
Znhy-t_m-[\w hgn Nne t{ijvT-hy-n-Iv ({]hm-N-Iamv)
\Ip-Ibpw ap--hXv Fn-p-sIm-Sp-p-hm {]hm-N-Iam-
tcmSv Bm-]n-p-I-bp-amWv sNbvXXv. aqv: P\--fpsS Npa-Xe
B {]hm-N-Is\ Xncn--dn-bpI FXmWv. IWn-i-amb ]cn-tim-[-\-
Iptijw Hcm kXy-k--\mb {]hm-N-I-\m-sWv t_m-[y-
s- p- I - g n- m At- l - n hniz- k n- p- I bpw Atlw
ssIsm amKw sXpw ]ng-msX A\p-[m-h\w sNp-I-bp-
amWv thXv.
Fm, {]hm-N-Iamsc Xncn--dn-bp-hm-s\-mWv hgn?
{]hm-NI
- X
- z-ns bmYmYyw
a\p-jy-m-h-iy-ap hkvXp--sfmw ssZh-an-hnsS Hcp-n-sh-
n-p-sv ImWmw. P\n-p Hcp Ipns\ t\mq: Fsms
kma-{Kn-I-fp-am-bmWv Ah\o temI-tv hcp-Xv. ImWm Iv,
tI-m ImXv, izk-\-n\v aqv, kv]i-\-i-nv Naw, \S-
m Imep-I, ]Wn-sb-Sp-m ssII, Nnn-m akvXnjvIw
A-s\-sb-smw! Ch-sbmw apIqn Xs Ipns sImp-
i-co-c-n k-am--s-n-cn-pp. Cu temIv Fn-t-
tijw Pohn-m th kma-{Kn-Ifpw kpkw. hmbp, shfnw,
 Ckvemw

NqSv, shw, `qan Fn-hp ]pdta, amXm-hns amdn-S-n ]m.

amXm-]n-Xm--fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K--fp-sSbpw am{X-a, A\y-cp-sS-
t]mepw kvt\l-hm--ey-; emf-\-I. As\ B Ipv hf-
cp- t mdpw Ahs Bh- i y- ]qo- I - c n- p- h m- \ p kIe
hkvXp-fpw ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Ahv e`n-p-sIm-n-cn-pp BImi
`qan-I-fnse kIe in-Ifpw Ahs\ hfp--Xn _-{i--
cm-b-Xp-t]mse!
am{X-a, kI-e-hn[ Ign-hp-Ifpw a\p-jyv \I-s-n-cn-pp.
Imb-_ew, _pn, {Kl-W-in, kwkmc tijn XpSn \nc-h[n Ign-
hp-I. Cm-cy-n ssZhw hnkva-bm-h-l-amb Hcp hyh Dm-
n-bXmbn ImWmw. Ign-hp-I Fm-h-cnepw Htc A\p-]m-X-n-e!
Bbn-cp-s-n a\p-jy ]c-kv]cw B{i-bn-p-Itbm hne-sh-p-I-
tbm sNp-am-bn-cp-n. a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS s]mXp-hmb Bhiyw ap-
\nn Ign-hp-I-sfmw a\p-jyp-Xs \Inb ssZhw Hmtcm-cp-
pw \Inb Ign-hns tXmXnepw A\p-]m-X-nepw t`Zw I]n-
p. Nnev Imb-_ew IqSp-X \In-b-tm ap Nnev Iem-hm-
k\bpw sXmgn ss\]p-Wy-hp-amWv {]Zm\w sNbvXXv. Nnev _pn-
in IqSp-X; ap Nne-cn t\XrXz hmk-\bpw. `c-W-ti-jn-bmWv
Nne-cn apg-p-\np-Xv. Akm-am-\y-amb hmNm-e-X-bmWv Nne-cpsS
khn-ti-j-X-sb-n ap Nne IrX-l-kvX-cmb Fgp-p-Im-cmWv.
KWn-X-im-kv{X-nse AXn-Zp-jvI-c-amb hnj-a-{]-iv\-v ]cn-
lmcw ImWp--Xn anSp--cmWv Nne. ap Nne imkv{Xob Ip-
]n-Sn--sImv temIs hnkva-bn-n-pp. {]Ir-Xym-Xs
\nb-a-n X]-c-cmWv Hcp Iq. ap--h hj--tfmfw Nnn-
npw ]nSn-In-m t]mbnp-I-fn Ah-cpsS Nn \njv{]-bmkw
sNs-pp. CsXmw ssZh-ns al-mb bpn-bpsS ^e-
at{X. Cu Ign-hp-I-sfmpw hyn-I kzbw krjvSn-p--h-b.
]cn-io-e-\w-sImv kzmb--am-hp--Xp-a. Pa-kn-am-Wh. ssZhw
kzw bp-npw Dt-iy-n-\p-samv Hmtcm-cp-pw \In-
bn-p-h.
ssZhw Ign-hp-I Zm\w sNbvX coXn ]cn-tim-[n-m Hcp Imcyw
h
- y-amIpw. kmaqly Pohn-X
- n IqSp-Xemh-iy-amb Ign-hp-I IqSp-
X-em-fp-Ipw Bhiyw Ipd-hp-h Ipd Bfp-Iv am{X-ambpw
\Ip-I-bmWv sNbvXn-cn-p-Xv. tbmm-, Ij-I, Bim-cn-am
 Ckvemw

XpS-n-b-h [mcmfw P\n-pp. sshPvRm-\nI knn, cmPy-X-{-

X, tk\m-\m-b-IXzw XpS-n-bhsIm-\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-b-h Ipd-hm-
tb ImWq. Hcp {]tXyI Ie-bn Akm-[m-cW ss\]p-Wy-ap--h
AXnepw Ipd-hm-bn-cnpw. ImcWw, Acw Hcp hyn-bpsS kw`m-h-
\-I \qm-p-I-tfmfw A-c-n-ep asmcp hnZ-Kv[s Bh-iy-
an-m-Xm-pp.
ChnsS Hcp tNmZy-ap-b-cpp. Pohn-X-hn-P-b-n\v, Iptd Fn-\o-
bamcpw imkv{X-amcpw Xz-m-\n-Ifpw \nb-a-]-Sp-fpw cm-
jv{S-ao-amw-k-Icpw sXmgnhn-Z-Kv[cpw am{Xw aXntbm? am-h-iy--sfm-
p-ant a\p-jy\v? a\p-jyv ssZh-amKw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m Ign-
hp Nnecpw th-Xnt? Cu temIv Fsmsbpspw Ah
Fs\ D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--W-sapw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m-\m-fpv. F-
m, Xm Bp-th-n-bmWv? {]m]-nI hkvXp--sfmw X\nv
\In-b-Xm-cmWv? AXv \In-b-hs lnX-n-s\mv Pohn-t--
sX-s\? Pohn-X-hn-Pbw Ic-K-X-am-m-\p amK-taXv? CXymZn Imcy-
a\p-jys\ ]Tn-n-m\pw tht Bsc-nepw? thW-sa--Xn
Hpw kwi-b-an. kXy-n Ah-bmWv Fm-nepw {][m\w. \psS
AXn-\n-m-c-amb Bh-iy-t]mepw ]qo-I-cn-p-hm thp
kIe Gm-Sp-Ifpw sNbvX ssZhw, kp{]-[m-\-amb Cu Bh-iy-
n A{i ImWnp Fv ]d-m \psS _pn AwKo-I-
cn-ptam? C; ssZhw AXn A{i ImWn-n-t-bn. sXmgn-ep-I-
fnepw Iem-im-kv{X--fnepw hnZ-Kv[sc krjvSn--Xp-t]mse, Xsbpw
Xs KpW--sfbpw Adn-bp \n]p-Wamscbpw ssZhw krjvSn-
n-pv. Ahv ssZhw t\cnv m\w ]Ip-sIm-Spp aX-]-
chpw [man-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb m\w. AXv ap P\-v
]Ip-sIm-Sp-pI F alm-tk-h-\-n-\mbn Ahsc Npa-X-e-
s-Spn \nb-anp. Cu alm-flm-mWv {]hm-N-I1, ssZh-Zq-
X2 Fsms ]d-bp-Xv.
{]hm-NI
- s\ Fs\ Xncn-d
- nbmw?
Imhy-{]-Xn-`-bp Hcm-fpsS kwkmcw tIm AX-bm-fpsS Pa-
kn--amb Ign-hm-sWv a\-n-emIpw. F{X Xs {ian-mepw Abm-
fp-tSXv t]mep IhnX cNn-p-hm ap--hm-hn. AXp-t]mse
1. {]hm-N-I = \_n 2. ssZh-Zq-X = dkq
 Ckvemw

{]kwKw, Fgpv, imkv{Xob Kth-jWw XpS-nb Imcy--fn Pa-

hm-k\ - b- p-h- s
- cbpw Ah-cpsS {]hr-n-If
- psS khn-ti-jX - I
- f
- n\nv
Xncn-d- nbmw. ImcWw, Ah kzw tPmen-If - n A\-\y-km-[m-cW - amb
tbmKyX sXfn-bn-n-cnpw. CXp-t]m-se-bmWv {]hm-N-I\pw. A\yv
Duln-mt]mepw Ign-bm Imcy- At-l-ns a\-n
\njv{]-bmkw sXfnbpw. A\y-cpsS ZrjvSn-bns]Sm kqva-amb
kwK-Xn-If - n ZrjvSn-I ]Xnbpw. Atlw ]d-bp Imcy- \psS
_pn AwKo-I-cnpw. F, AXmWv icn-sbv _pn kmy-s-
Sppw. At-l-ns Hmtcm hmn-sbpw kXym-h ssZ\w-Zn-\m-
\p-`-h-fpw {]m]-nI ZrjvSm--fpw hgn sXfn-p-sIm-t-bn-
cnpw. Fm, F{X {ian-mepw Acw Hcp hmp-t]mepw \apv
]d-bm-\m-hn. At-l-ns {]IrXn ]cn-ip--am-bn-cnpw. Xaqew
kIe Gm-Sp-I-fnepw EPphpw t{ijvThpw kwi-b-c-ln-X-hp-amb amK-
tf ssIsmq. No hmtm Zpjv{]-hr-ntbm At-l-n-
\nsm-cn-epw ]pd-p-h-cn. kXyhpw ka-fpw ap--h-tcm-
Sp-]t- Z-in-p-t- Xm-sSmw kzbw {]mhn-Ia - m-p-Ibpw sNpw. hmn-
s\-Xn-cmbn {]hn--Xn\v DZm-l-c-W- ImWn, At-l-ns
Pohn-X-n; hmntem {]hr-n-bntem kzmY-X-bpsS \ng-em-w-
t]mepw Zriy-am-hn. A\y-Po-h-p-X-Ip-hm kzPo-hn-X-n-e-tlw
IjvS-\-jvS- klnpw. am{X-a, kzw KpW-n-\mbn A\yv
lm\n-h-cp-p-I-bp-an. kXy-k-X, t{ijvT-Nn, kamK-\njvT,
]cn-ipn XpS-nb DIr-jvS-Kp-W-v amXr-I-bm-bn-cn-p-a-tlw.
F{X Xs ]cn-tim-[n-mepw At-l-ns Pohn-X-n-semcp \yq\X
Ip-]n-Sn-pI Akm-[y-am-bn-cnpw. {]hm-N-Is\ Xncn--dn-bp-hm
klm-bn-p kwK-Xn-I-fm-Wnh.
{]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-
Hcp hyn {]hm-N-I-\m-sWv t_m[y-am-bn--gn-m At-l-
ns hmpI kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw {]hr-n-Isf Ah-ew-_n-p-Ibpw
sNt--Xm-h-iy-amWv. Hcp hyn ssZh-ns {]hm-N-I-\m-sWv
k-Xn-p-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Abm-fpsS hmpw {]hr-nbpw Xnc-
kvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI FXv bpnhncp--at{X. ImcWw, Hcm
{]hm-N-I-\mWv Fv k-Xn-p--Xns AYw Abm-fpsS {]kvXm-
h-\-I ssZh-n-\nv e`n-Xpw {]hr-n-I ssZhm-`o-jvSa-\p-
k-cn-p-XpamsWv \mw k-Xn-pp FmWv. AXn]ns, At-
 Ckvemw

l-n-s-Xn-cn \mw ]d-bp-Xpw {]hn-p-Xpw bYmY-n

ssZh-hn-cp-a- mbn `hnpw. ssZh-hn-cp-a
- m-bs
- Xmpw kXy-am-bn-cn-n.
AXn-\m, Hcp hynsb {]hm-N-I-\mbn k-Xnp Ign-m]ns,
At-l-ns hmp-I A-cw-{]Xn kzoI-cn-p-hm\pw B-I
inc-km-h-ln-p-hm\pw \mw \n_-n-X-cmWv Ah-bn-e-S-nb Xz-
fpw bpn-Ifpw ^e-fpw \apv a\-n-em-bmepw Cs-nepw. Hcp-
Imcyw {]hm-NI - s
- -XmWv FXp Xs AXv kXy-am-sW-X - n\v sXfn-
hmWv. kIe bpn-Ifpw \a-I-fpw AXn-e-`-hn-n-cn-p-sav Icp-
Xm\pw AXp Xs aXn. Hcp Imcy-ns bpntbm ^etam \ap--
dn-bm-\m-hp-n F-Xns AYw AXv apgps tZmj-amWv F.
AXv a\-n-em-p--Xn \apv ]nghv ]n-bn-pv Fv am{X-amWv.
Hcp hnj-b-n ]qW-ssh-ZKv[yw Cm Hcmv AXnse AXn-
kq-va-amb kwK-Xn-I {Kln-m Ign-p-sIm--W-sa-n-tm.
Fm, B hnj-b-n ]qW hnZ-Kv[-\mb Hcm ]d-bp-Xv, X\n-
-Xn-ep bpn ]nSn-In-n-bn F GI Imc-W-m Xn--f-
bp--h F{X henb hnUvVn-I-fmWv. temI-nse kIe tPmenpw
AXn hnZ-Kv[-cm-b-h thWw. Hcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is-n-bm ]ns
Ah-\n \mw ]qW-hn-izmkw An-pp. AXn]ns, amcpw
Ah-s- {]-hr-n-I-fn-en-S-s]-Sn. ImcWw, Fm-hcpw Fm-nepw Hcp-
t]mse hnZ-Kv[-cm-bn-cn-n-tm. A-c-samcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is-m-
\mWv \mw kzw _p- n bpw kmaYy- h p- a p- ] - t bm- K n- t - Xv .
Isn- b hyn hnZ- K v [ - \ m- s Wv t_m[yw hpIgn- m
]ns Abmfn ]qW-ambn hnizm-k-an-Ww. AXn-vtijw
Ahs {]hr-n-I-fn ssII-S-p-Xpw Hmtcm Imcy-n-sbpw
Xzhpw bpn-bpw ]Tn-n-p-X-cm--]w kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-sv
iTn-p-Xpw _pn-b. Hcp ho-en\v tIkv G]n-p-sIm-Sp
tijw At- l - t mSv Ccw hmZ- D- b n- m Abm
\nsf ]nSnv ]pd- mpw. Hcp tUmIv S - t dmSv NnIn- - b psS
bpnbpw sXfnhpw tNmZn- p- X p- S - n- b m Abm \n- f psS
NnInXs thsp shpw. ssZh- s - p- d nv bYmY-
m\w Ic- - a m- p- I - b mWv \psS Bhiyw. ssZh- l n- X - n-
s\mv Pohn-m ]nb amK-ta-sXpw Adn-bWw. CXv kzbw
Adn-bm-\p-X-Ip D]-I-c-W-sampw \psS ]-en. AXn-\m,
\mw ssZh-ns {]hm-N-Is\ Is-t-n-bn-cn-pp. Cu At\z-
 Ckvemw

j-W-n \psS apgp-h Ignhpw kmaYyhpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-t-

-Xpv. Cs-n, h I]-S-s\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\v sXn--cn-p-
t]mIpw. B]-c-amb hgn-bn sNp-s]-Sp-I-bmhpw AXns
^ew. Fm, ka-{K-amb At\z-j-W-]-T-\-p-tijw Hcm
kXy- { ]- h m- N - I - \ m- s Wv t_m[y- s - p- I - g n- m, At- l - n
]qW-ambn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw At-l-ns I]-\-I IWn-i-
ambn A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sN-bvtX ]q.
{]hm-NI
- \
- n hniz-kn-p-s
- X-n\v?
Ckvem-anI Zi\w ssZh-n-\nv ssZh-ns {]hm-N-
Im aptJ\ e`n--XmWv. CXv {Kln-m ]ns, {]hm-N-I-\n
hniz-kn-p-Ibpw At-ls A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw A\p-Kan-p-Ibpw
sNt-Xv Fm a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw _m[y-X-bm-bn-o-cpp. {]hm-N-
Is amKw hnv kz_p-nsb Ah-ew-_-amn ap h amKhpw
\nan-p--h hgn-]n-g--h-\m-sW Imcy-n kwi-b-ta-Xp-an.
Cu hnj- b - n P\- ckm- h - l - a mb ]e A_- - fpw
sNp-pv. Nne {]hm-N-Is kXy-k-X k-Xn-pp. ]t,
At-l-s hniz-kn-p-Itbm A\p-K-an-p-Itbm sNp-n. Ch
\ntj-[n-I am{X-a hnUvVn-I IqSn-bmWv. ImcWw, kXy-hm-
s\v k-Xn--tijw {]hm-N-Is\ A\p-K-an-m-Xn-cn-p--Xns
AYw a\p- j y a\x- ] qhw hymPw ]n]- p- p- s h- mWv .
CXn]cw hnUvVnw as-pv?
Nne ]d-bp-Xv, Xv {]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-t--Xn-
spw kXy-amKw Xv kzbw Ip-]n-Sn-p-hm Ign-bp-sa-
p-amWv. Cu hmZhpw sXmWv. \n KWn-X-imkv{Xw ]Tn-n-cn-
p-atm. cp _np-n-S-bn t\tcJ Hp-am-{Xta DmIq.
ap- tc- J - I Hp- I n hf- tXm As- n _np- sf ]c-
kv ] cw _n- n- m- tXm Bbn- c npw. kXy- a mK- ns
nXnbpw CXp-Xs. Ckvem-ans `mj-bn AXns\ "kzndm-p
apkvXJow' Fp hnfn-pp. AXv a\p-jy-\n \nm-cw-`nv ssZh-
n-e-h-km-\n-pp. imkv{X-{]-Imcw a\p-jyv ssZh-n-te-p
amKhpw Hp-am-{Xta DmIq. AsXm-gn-p-h hf-hp-tXm ssZh-
k-n-[n-hsc Fm-tXm Bbn-cnpw. B t\amK-amWv {]hm-
 Ckvemw

N-Iam ImWn-p-X-Xv. AXn-\m, {]hm-N-I ImWn-p-X

amKw hnv ap amK- tXSp--h Hp-In ssZh-k-n-[n-bn-
se-p-I-bn, As-n hf hgnt Fq. ssZh-k-n-[n-bn-
se-m-Xn-cp-m Ah \in--Xp-Xs. hf hgnv hcp--h-
cm-Is X\n hnUvVn-Ifpw. hntij _pn-bn-m arK- t]m-
epw Hcn-S-p-\nv asm-cn-S-s-m t\h-gntb sXc-s-Spq.
hf hgn-h t]mhn. B \nev ssZh-ns Hcp-a Zmk,
t\amKw ImWnpsImSp-p-tm ""\o ImWnpXcp amK-n-
eqsS Rm\n; hf amK-nXs sXn-n-cnv Rm
kzbw ey-n-se-n-smmw'' Fp ]d-bp-p-sh-n Abm-
sf-n \nsv tXmpp?
A]w IqSn Bg-n Nnn-p ]w, {]hm-N-I-amKw
\nc- k n- p- - h v ssZh- n- t e- s - m Hcp amKhpw hf-
tXm t\p-tXm e`n-n-sv t_m[y-amhpw. ImcWw,
kXy-k--\pw -\n-kzmYn-bp-amb Hcmsf \nc-kn-p--hv Ftm
Ipg--apv Fm-WYw. kXy-n\v t\sc I-S-bvm t{]cn-n-
p Ftm Hv. AXv Ahs Nnm-i-n-bpsS A]qW-X-
bmhmw; Al-m-c-amhmw; kXyhpw \abpw kzoI-cn-m Xm-dn-
m--hn[w Zpjn-p-t]mb {]Ir-X-amhmw; ]qhn-I-cn-ep A-amb
hnizm-k-amImw; ]qhn-Im-Nm-c-v ]Icw asmpw kzoI-cn-m
Xm-dn-m--Xmhmw. CsXm-p-a-s-n Ah tZtl-O-I-fpsS ASn-
a-bm-b-Xp-sIm-mhmw. {]hm-N-Is\ AwKo-I-cn-p-I-gn-m ]ns
]m]-fpw Zphr-n-Ifpw sNm-\p kzmX{yw \jvS-s-p-t]m-
I-psav Ah `b-s-Sp-p-m-hWw. Cu Ipg---fn-sem-s-n-ep-
ap hynv Hcn-epw ssZhnI amK-Zi\w e`n-n. C-d-
-sXmpw Cm, kXy-k-\pw \njv]-\pamb Hcp kXym-
t\zjn {]hm-N-Is in-W- \nc-kn-pI FXv Xopw
Akw- ` - h y- a t{X.
{]iv\-n\v Kuc-hm-hl-amb asmcp hi-apv. kXy-{]-h-mN-
I ssZh-\n-bp--\mWv. {]hm-N-Is\ hniz-kn-p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-
p-Ibpw thW-sa-Xv ssZh-im-k-\-bmWv. Atm {]hm-N-I-\n-
cm-kw -ssZh-[n-m-c-amWv. Hcp cmPy-nse ]ucam `c-W-IqSw
\n-bn-p DtZym-K-s\ A\p-k-cn-m _m-[y--cmWv. DtZym-
K- s\ [n- c n- p- - X ns AYw `c- W - I q- S s [n- c n- pI
 Ckvemw

FmWv. `c-W-Iq-Ss AwKo-I-cn-p-Ibpw AXv \nb-an-p DtZym-

K-s\ \ncm-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI FXv ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp--amWv.
AXp-t]mse ssZhw apgp-h a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw cmPm-hmWv. AXn-\m,
a\p-jy-cpsS amK-Zi-\-n-\mbn cmPmhv \nb-an hynsb AwKo-
I-cn-p-Ibpw A\p-K-an-p-Ibpw sNt-Xv kh-a-\p-jy-cp-sSbpw
_m[y-X-bmWv. {]hm-N-Is\ Xnc-kvI-cn-p--h ssZh-n hniz-
kn-mepw "Im^n' Xs.
{]hm-NI
- Xzw kwn]vX Ncn{Xw
{]hm-N-IXz ]c-c Fs\ Bcw-`np? {Ia-{]-hr--ambn AsX-
s\ Ay-{]-hm-N-I-\n-sen? CXmWv C\n-bs N.
ssZhw BZy-ambn Hcp a\p-jys\ krjvSnp. Ah-\n\n-vXs
Ahs CW-sbbpw. Ah-cn\n-mWv a\p-jy-hwiw `qap-J-msI
hym]n-Xv. Cu temIv PmX-cmb a\p-jy-scmw {]kvXpX Z-Xn-am-
cpsS km-\--fmWv.* a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-ns Bcw`w Hcp a\p-jy-
\n\nm-sWv kIe kap-Zm-b--fp-sSbpw aX-]-chpw Ncn-{X-]-c-
hp- a mb CXn- l m- k - sFI- I - W v t Ty\ k- X n- pp. `qtKm- f -
ns hnhn[ `mK--fn, Htc kabw, shtsd a\p-jy Dm-
bn-o-Xmbn imkv{X-K-th-j-W-fpw sXfn-bn-n-n. F, `qan-
bpsS \m\m-`m-K--fn ImW-s-Sp a\p-jy-scmw Htc a\p-jy-
\n\nv DZv`-hn--Xm-bn-cnmw FmWv imkv{X--cn Gdn-b-
]pw A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-Xv.
B {]Ya a\p-jys t] BZw Fm-bn-cpp. At-ls
ssZhw {]Ya {]hm- N - I IqSn- b mbn \n- b np. Xs km- \ -
v Ckvemw ]Tn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p-hm At-l-tmSv Bm-
]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ""\n-fpsS ssZhw GI-\mWv; ka-kvX-tem-I-
n-sbpw ssZhw; Ahs\ am{Xw Bcm-[n-pI; Ahs am{Xw
Zmkam-cm-hpI; Ah-t\mSv am{Xw klm-b-aYn-pI; Ahs lnX-
* hfsc {][m-\hpw hn-hm-fl-I-hp-amb Hcm-i-b-am-WnXv. GI-am-\-h-Xbpw a\p-jy-
k-a-Xz-hp-amWv AXns bpn-]-c-amb t\w. hWhKtZi`mjmZn `n-X-
Isf B[m-c-amn a\p-jyn-S-bn hnth-N\w I]n-p-Xv hnUvVn--amWv.
tZio-b-Xzhpw kp-Nn-X-hKo-b-Xzhpw c-sm-Xn-]q hntcm-[-a-t\m-`m-hhpw
temIs shn-ap-dn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cm-ev am\p-jn-ssI-Iy-n-s-Xmb
Cu knmw `mhnsb kw_-n-n-S-tmfw i-am-sbmcp Bim-In-c-W-amWv.
JpinZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

n- s \mv am{Xw Pohn- pI; \oXn- b pw kXyhpw ]men- pI

Fm \nv al-mb {]Xn-^ew e`npw. C\n, ssZh-[n-
m- c n- I - f mbn ]nn- c n- b p- I - b m- s W- ntem, Ahs ITn- \ - i n- v
\n ]m{X-am-hp-Ibpw sNpw'' - Cu ktiw kzw km-\-
v \Im-\mWv ssZhw BZ-an-t\mSv I]n-Xv.
BZ-ans km-\--fnse k-\- ]nXmhv \ntZ-in-p-sIm-
Sp kamK-n-eqsS Ncn-p-t]mp. ZpjvS-P-\- AXv ssIh-np
Ifp. Ah Xn-jvS-{]-Imcw Pohnp XpSn. Imem--tcW ]e-
hn-[-n-ep Zpcm-Nm-c-fpw Ah-cn-ep-Zv`-hnp. Nne kqcyN{ \-
{X--sfbpw ap Nne ac-, arK-, \Zn-I Fn-h-sbbpw ]qPn-
p-Xp-Sn. hmbp, shw, AKv\n, tcmKw, BtcmKyw XpS-nbhbpw
Bcm- [ - \ m- ] m- { X- - f mbn. {]Ir- X n- b nse Hmtcm Xcw A\p- { K- l -
pw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ssZh--fmbn. kIe ssZh--fp-
sSbpw {]oXn km-Zn-p-hm-\mbn Fm-n-s\bpw ]qPnp. Cs\,
_lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\bpsSbpw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bp-sSbpw \nc-h[n cq]-
DZv`-hnp. \nc-h[n aX- cq]w-sImp F-Xm-bn-cpp ^ew.
BZw k-Xn-I `qan-bpsS hnhn[ `mK--fn hym]n-p-Ibpw
hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-fpw cmjv{S--fp-ambn cq]m--c-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX
Ime-L--am-bn-cpp AXv. Hmtcm kap-Zm-bhpw Hmtcm {]tXyI aXw
\nanp. Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n-sbpw BNmc k{-Zm-b-fpw hn`n--
am-bn-cpp. GI-\mb ssZhs Ah adp. Hw BZw ]Tn-n Im-
cy-fpw. PohnXw Hmtcm-cp--cp-sSbpw CjvSm-\p-km-c-ambn. \m\m-Xcw
Zphr-n-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-c-fpw Ah-cn hfp-hp. A-hn-izm-k-

* aX-N-cn-{X-s-p-dn Cu ho-W-KXn \ne-hn-en-cn-p "aX-]-cn-Wm-a-hmZ'n\v

IS-I-hn-cp--amWv. {]kvXpX hmZ-{]-Imcw {]Ir-Xn-]q-P-bmWv aX-]-cn-Wm-a-nse
BZy-Zi. ]pcm-X-\- k-ap-Zm-b--fpsS {]Ir-Xn-]q-P-sb-p-dn-p Ncn-{X-h-kvXp-X-
I Hcp \nnX ]cn-[n-hsc am{Xta Ah ]cn-tim-[n-p-pq. AXm-Is, am-
n-cp--ep-Ipw ssII-S--ep-Ipw hnt[-b-hp-amWv. AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb
cq]- ]cn-tim-[n-m Ah Hcp-s-Sm-dn. GI-ssZ-h-kn-mw(XuloZv)
Bbn-cpp AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw F hmZs _e-s-Sp-p--
XmWv ]nme imkv{X \nK-a-\-. GI-ssZ-h-kn-m--n\nv sXn-s-
dn-p-t]m-b-h-bmWv asm cq]-t`-Z-fpw. CtX ]n IqSp-Xedn-bm\m{K-ln-p--
h F t]cn Fv.sP. tdmkv(e, saz)
Cwo-jn-tev hnh\w sNbvX s hne-s Kth-jW {]_w
t\mpI.
JpinZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

fpw Dulm-t]m-l-fpw Acp XIp. \a Xna-Isf thXn-

cn-p--Xn ]nW A_-- aqew [aw A[a-ambpw adnpw
Ah sXn--cnp.*
Cu ]cn-Xx-n-Xn-bn, ssZhw, Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n-tepw Ckvem-
anI {]t_m-[-\mYw {]hm-N-Iamsc Ab-p-hm XpSn. X-fpsS
kap-Zmbw hnkva-cnpIf Imcy- {]hm-N-Iam Ahsc A\p-
kva-cnnp. GI-ssZ-hs am{Xw Bcm-[n-p-hm Ah P\-sf
DZvt_m-[n-np. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-n\npw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bn-
\npw P\-sf ]nn-cn-np. aqV-amb BNmc k{-Zm-b--dpXn
hcpn. ssZh-ln-X-n-s\mv PohnXw \bn-p-hm-\p D-a-amKw
ImWnp sImSpp. icn-bmb \nb-a- \Ip-Ibpw Ah A\p-k-
cn-m Bh-iy-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cy, ssN\, Cdm, CdmJv,
CuPn]vXv, B{^n, bqtdmv XpSn `qtKm-f-ns \m\m-Zn-nepw
Cs\ {]hm-NI - am \nbp-c - m-bn-cpp. Ah-cp-sS-sbmw aXw Hm-
bn-cpp. \psS `mj-bn "Ckvemw' Fv hnfn-p AtX aXw.*
Fm, {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS in-W-co-Xn-Ifpw \nb-a-hy-h--
Ifpw, Xn Xn A]m]w hyXym-k-ap-m-bn-cpp. Hmtcm
P\-X-bp-sSbpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw \mK-cn-I-hp-amb \ne-hmcw IW-
n-se-Sp-mWv {]hm-N-Iam {]hn-Xv. kmwkvIm-cnI \mK-
cnI_unI cwK--fn a\p-jy {]Ya ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cp--tm
Ahv eLp-hmb inW\ntZ-i- aXn-bm-bn-cpp. Fm,
]ptcm-KXn {]m]n-p-h-cpw-tXmdpw in-W-fpw BNm-c-ap-d-Ifpw hn]p-
e-s-Sp-n-sm-n-cpp. Cu hyXym-k- ]t, _mly-X-e-
n am{X-am-bn-cpp. BXvamhv Ftmgpw, Fm-bn-Spw Hp-
Xs GIssZh knmw, kXy-k-X, BXvamYX, ]mc-{Xn-
I-hn-izmkw XpS-n-bh. Cu auenI Imcy- Fm {]hm-N-Iam-
cp-sSbpw in-W--fpsS Poh-\m-bn-cpp.
* Ckvem-ans Bcw`w apl-Zv \_n apXm-sWv s]mXp-hn, hninjym ]mm-
Xy Fgp-p-Imn-S-bn sXn-m-c-W-bpv. apl-Zv \_nsb Ckvem-ans
BZy-m-]-I-s\-p-IqSn Nne hn-ti-jn-n-pp. hmkvX-h-n kXy-n\v
t\sc-bp sIm\w am{X-am-WnXv. ssZh-ns bYmY {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sS-
sbmw aXw Ckvemw Bbn-cpp. ssZh-n-\n-p kt-i-ns hml-
I am{X-am-bn-cp kXy-{]-hm-N-I aptJ\ a\p-jy-hw-i-n\v \I-s Znhy-
sh-fn-]m-SmWv Ckvemw.
JpinZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

{]hm-N-Iam-tcm-Sp P\--fpsS s]cp-amw AXn-hn-Nn-{X-am-bn-

cpp. P\--f-hsc ]e-hn-[-n D]-{Z-hnp. Ah-cpsS ktiw \ntj-
[np; Nnesc sImp. Nnesc \mn\n-m-n-tbm-Snp; Bbp-jvm-e-
a-{Xbpw {]t_m-[\w sNbvXnpw Nnev Atm ]tm A\p-bm-bn-
I-fn-tesd e`n-n. Fm, Ccw {]Xn-_-- Ahv hne-
m-bn. kzw tPmen Ah apS-msX XpSp. HSp-hn Ah-cpsS
{]b-Xv\- ^ew Ip XpSn. hk-ap-Zm-b-fpw {]_e cmjv{S-
fpw Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn. AXn ]ns, ss]im-NnI in-
I ap hgn-I-f-t\z-jnp. {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS Ime-tijw, Ah-cpsS
A[ym-]-\-sf A\p-bm-bn-I cq]-t`Zw hcpn. ssZhn-I-{K---
fn kzw Bi-b- Ipn-n-cpIn. Bcm-[-\v \ho-\-cq-]--fm-
hn-jvI-cnp. Nne {]hm-N-Iam-sc-s ]qPnp XpS-n. ap Nne
{]hm-N-I ssZhm-h-Xm-c-am-sWv hmZnp. ssZh-]p-{X-\m-bn--cp-Xn-
bh thsd. {]hm-N-I ssZhm-[n-Im-c-n ]p-]-p-p-shv ap
Nne. Npcp--n, Bbp-jvm-e-a-{Xbpw hn{K-l-]q-P-s-Xnsc
s]mcp-Xn-b-h-sc-s P\- hn{K-l--fmn. Fsmcp hntcm-
[m-`mkw! {]hm-N-Iam \In-tmb Ia-]--Xnbpw Ah Zpjn-
np Ifp. ]e-Xcw aqVm-Nm-c-fpw Zp\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw AXn-e-h
IS-n-qn; sIp-I-Y-Ifpw hymtP-Xn-lm-k-fpw Ien-qn;
a\p-jy-\nanX \nb-a- Iqn-tp. ^etam, GXm\pw \qm-
p-I Ign--tm {]hm-N-Is kmm A[ym-]-\- Xncn-
-dn-bm Ign-bm--hn[w hymP-hp-ambn Iep-t]mbn. kXyadn-
bm Hcp amK-hp-an-m-Xm-bn-op.* kzoIm-cy-ambn Hpw tijn-
m hn[w {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS Pohn-X-I-Y-It]mepw CXn-lm-k-
-fpsS `mh-\-bn-e-en-p-tNp. Fnepw {]hm-N-I-b-Xv\-
Xopw \njv^-e-am-bn-tm-bn. ]e cq]-n aen-\-am-bnpw kXyw
sNdnb tXmXn-se-nepw P\-k-aq-l--fn-e-h-ti-jnp. ssZh-sbpw
ac-Wm-\--c-Po-hn-X-sbpw Ipdn t_m[w cq]-t`-Z--tfm-sS-bm-sW-
nepw Fm kap-Zm-b--fnepw \ne-\np. \a, kXyw, kZm-Nmcw,

* Fm {]hm-N-Iam-cp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-I Cu coXn-bn-emWv X-fpsS kmm

aXw(Ckvemw) Zpjn-nv Cv hnhn[ \ma--fn Adn-b-s-Sp aX- \nan-
Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Cukm(tbip)bpsS aXw Ckvemw Bbn-cpp. ]t, At-
l-n-\vtijw A\p-bm-bn-I At-l-s-s Bcm-[np. At-l-ns
in-W--fn ]eXpw Iqn--en Cv {InkvXp-aXw F t]cn-e-dn-b-s-
Sp aXw \nan-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
 Ckvemw

kkz-`mhw Fo kZvKp-W- temIw s]mXpth AwKo-I-cnp.

tZihK`mjm-t`-Z--Xo-X-ambn a\p-jy-hw-i-n\v s]mXpth
kzoIm- c y- a mb Hcp aX- ns {]Nm- c Ww km[y- a m- I - - - h n[w
{]hm-N-Iam kzk-ap-Zm-bs {]tXyIw k-amn.
Bcw-`-n Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-nepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw {]hm-
N-Iam hp-sIm-n-cp-p-shv apv ]d-p-htm. Ah-cn-tem-
tcm-cp--cp-sSbpw in-W- Ah-c-h-cpsS kap-Zm-b-n ]cn-an-
X-am-bn-cpp. ImcWw, Av kaq-l- H-s-mWv Pohn-n-cp-Xv.
Cp ImWp ASp-hpw _hpw Ap-m-bn-cpn. Hmtcm kap-
Zm-bhpw kzw tZi-]-cn-[n-p-n _n-X-cm-bn-cpp. Xaqew
Fm-hpw _m[-Iam-Ip Hcp aXw Fm kaq-l--fnepw {]N-
cn-n-pI Ffp--am-bn-cp-n. IqSmsX, kap-Zm-b--fpsS Ah--
I Hn-s\mv hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cpp. P\--fn {]I-S-amb Zqjy-
-fm-Is `n-kz-`m-h-n-ep-Xpw. A-X-bm-sW-ntem, hym]-
Ihpw. AXn-\m, {]hm-N-Iam Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-n\pw {]tXyIw
{]tXy-I-ambn in-W- \In. {]hm-N-Iam-cpsS tPmen ZpjvI-
c-am-bn-cpp. sXmb hnizm-k-p ]Icw ]pXn-bh ]Tn-n-Ww;
{]mIr-X-\n-b-a--fpsS m\v DIr-jvS-am-bh m]n-Ww;
sImp Ipn-I-sf--t]mse P\-sf ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn kwkvI-cnp
hfWw. Cn[w P\-sf kwkvI-cn-p-hm F{X kl-{km-
_v Z - hn\n- t bm- K n- t n hp Fv ssZh- nt\ Adnbq!
Fnepw a\p-jy-k-aqlw {Ia-{]-hr--ambn \mK-cnI ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-
cnp. AXv ssiihw hnv buh- \ - n- t ev ISp; hyh- k mb
hym]mc sXmgn cwK--fn-ep-mb ]ptcm-K-Xn-tbm-sSmw kaq-l-
Xn IqSp-X ASpv _-sp XpSn. IS hgnbpw
Ic-h-gnbpw hI-c-I Xn KXm-KX _- m]n-X-ambn. an
kaq-l--fnepw ssIsbgpv {]N-cnp. AXv hnm\Iemimkv{X-
-fpsS {]N-mc-W-n\v hgn-hp. AtXmsS kaq-l- Xn Bib
hn\n-abw Bcw-`n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. h km{am-Py- m]n--s-
-tXmsS hnhn[ {]tZ-i-fpw kap-Zm-b-fpw Htc cmjv{So-b-hy-h-v
Iogn-embn. Cs\ P\-k-aq-l-n-S-bn app-m-bn-cp AI-
bpw A\y-Xzhpw Ipdp. As\ apgp-h temI-n\p-ambn HtcI
Pohn-X-hy-h \Im-\p kml-Ncyw kwPm-X-am-hp-I-bm-bn-cpp.
 Ckvemw

GI-tZiw 2500 kwh--c-v apv Xs Hcp s]mXp aXs

kzbw kzoI-cn-p-hm Ign-bpw-hn[w a\p-jys at\m-L-S\ hnImkw
{]m]np Ign-n-cpp. _p-aXw Hcp [man-Ik- w-lnX am{X-am-bn-cpp.
Hc-]qW- aXw. Fn-p-aXv Cy-bpsS AXn-cp-I ISv Hcp hiv
Pm-\nepw atm-fn-b-bnepw adp-h-iv A^vKm-\n-m-\nepw _pJm-d-
bnepw apw {]N-cnp. AXns {]Nm-c-Iam hnZq-c-tZ-i--fn-se-n-
tp. A] iX-I-p-tijw {InkvXpaXw ]ndp. Cukm {]-
hm-NI- Ckvemapw sImmWv hn-cp-Xv. At-l - n-\vtijw \nan-
-s--XmWv {InkvXp-aXw. AXpw Hc-]qW -a-X-amWv. B aXs
{InkvXym-\n-I temI-ns ]e-`m-Kpw {]N-cn-np. CsXmw sXfn-
bn-p-Xv a\p-jy-k-aqlw Hcp temI-a-Xs {]Xo-n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-
p-sh-mWv. kXyhpw kqW-hp-amb Hcp aXw InmsX h-tm
Inn-bX- ns\ Ah-sc-Xn-tcp Ah A]-Izhpw A]qWhpw Bbn-cp-np
IqSn.
apl-Z- v\_
- n-bpsS {]hm-NI
- Xzw
Cu L-n-emWv AJne temI-n\pw apgp-h a\p-jy-k-aq-
l- p- a mbn Hcp {]hm- N - I apl- - Z v \ _n Atd- _ y- b n
\ntbm-Kn-X-\m-bXv. kqW-amb Hcnkvemw ssZhw At-l-n\v
\In. AXv temI-p-S-\ofw {]N-cn-n-pI F al-mb ZuXyw
Atls G]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atd-_y-bpsS `qan-imkv{Xw
]Tn-p-t\mq. kh-tem-I-n-\p-ap Hcp ZuXy-ns tI{-am-
bn-cn-p-hm AXn-s\-m A\p-tbm-Py-amb asmcp {]tZ-i-hp-an-
sv ImWmw. Cu cmPy-ns InSv Gjy-bp-sSbpw B{^n--
bp-sSbpw a[y-n-emWv. bqtdm-pw kao-]-p-X-s-bpv. hninjym,
Am-ev \mK-cn-I-]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-cn bqtdm-]y kaq-l--fn-
e-[n-Ihpw \nh-kn-n-cp-Xv bqtdm-]ns sXp-`m-K-m-bn-cpp.
B `mKw Atd-_y-tbmSv ASp-mWv. Cybpw Atd-_ybpw Xn-
ep AtX Zqc-n.
C\n, Atd-_y-bpsS Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-p-t\m-pI. apl-Zv\_n-
bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xz-n\v Atd-_yP-\-X-tbmfw tbmPn asmcp P\-
]Zw Ap-m-bn-cp-n-sv ImWmw. t]cp-tI ap kap-Zm-b--sfmw
* C_vdm-low-, Ckvam-Cu Fo {]hm-N-Im-cpsS Imew apl-Zv\_nv 2500
hjw apmWv. Cu \o Ime-L--n-\n-Sv Atd-_y-bn Hcp {]hm-N-I
hn-n.
 Ckvemw

in bnv Poh--h--fmbn Xo Imew. Ad-_n-I-fm-hs, \h

ssNX-\y-amPn Pohk-ap-Zm-b-am-bn-cpp. CX-c- kap-Zm-b--fnse
[man-I-X-z-, \mK-cn-I -]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS Ipsm-gpn-sem-en-p-
t]m-bn-cpp. Fm, Ad-_n-Isf kpJ-tem-ep-]cpw Ae-kcpw lo\-
cp-am-n-op bmsXmcp \mK-cn-I-Xbpw Av cq]w {]m]n-n-cp-
n. \mK-cn-I- ]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-cn kaq-l--fn Av ImW-s-n-
cp Xna-I-fn\nv ap-cm-bn-cpp Ah. am\p-jnI KpW--
anXpw Ah-cn-ep-m-bn-cpp. Ah [ocamcpw \n`o-X-cp-am-bn-cpp;
DZm-ccpw Icm ]men-p--h-cp-am-bn-cpp; kzX{ Nnm-K-Xn-m-cm-
bn-cpp; kzmX{y t{]an-I-fm-bn-cpp; Bcp-sSbpw ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp-n.
am\w Imm Poht]mepw _en-bn-p-am-bn-cpp; efn-X-Po-hn-X-
am-Wh - \bn-Xv. BUw-_cw Ahn-jvSa - m-bn-cp-n. Fm, Ah-
v Nne ZpKp-W-fpw Dm-bn-cpp F-Xn X-an. Fm-eXv
Xsf kwkvImcw ]Tn-n-p Hcp {]hm-N-It\m ]cn-jvImthm
2500 hj-ambn DS-se-Sp-m--Xns ^e-am-bn-cpp.* \qm-p-I-fmbn
acp-`q-an-bn kzX-{-Po-hnXw \bn--Xns ^e-ambn AX hym]-
I-am-bn-cpp Ah-cn. Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy\v Ahsc kwkvI-cn-
s-Sp-phm-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-n. Fn-cp-mepw, temIv al-mb
Hcp hnhw krjvSn-p-hm-\p Ignhv Ahp-m-bn-cpp AXn\v
alm-\mb Hcp a\p-jy Ahsc kwkvI-cn-s-Sp-Ww; Abm-fpsS
D-X-amb Bi-b- DIr-jvS-amb Hcp ey-n-te--hsc \bn-
Ww.
C\n, Ad_n`mj-bpsS Imcy-sa-Sp-pI. Ghpw D-X-amb Bi-
b- {]I-Sn-n-p-hm\pw ssZhnI m\-nse AXn-kq-va-amb
kwK-Xn-I hnh-cn-p-hm\pw Ad-_n-sb-m-f-\p-tbm-Py-amb asmcp
`mj-bn. P\-a-\-p-Isf lTm-Zm-Ijn-p ssien-bp-ap--Xn\v.
[mcmfw Bi-b--fpsm-n-m GXm\pw ]Z- aXn. Akv{Xw
IWs lrZ-b-n-tev Xpf-p-I-b-dp in B `mj-pv. ImXp-
Iv C{X-tbsd a[pcw ]I-cp `mjbpw thsd-bn. AXns cmK-
n-epa--\mbn a\p-jy kzbw adv BSn-p-Spw. hnip Jp-
B t]mep Hcp al {K-n\v C-c-samcp `mj Xs-bmWv
Bh-iyw. Npcp--n, a\p-jy-cm-in-sm-mbn Hcp {]hm-N-Is\
\ntbm-Kn-m Atd_y sXc-s-SpXv ssZh-ns al-mb
bpn-bm-bn-cpp!
 Ckvemw

apl-Zv\_n-bpsS {]hm-N-IXzw sXfn-hp-I

Bbn-c--qdv kwh--c--p-d-t-smv Xncn-p-t\m-
pI. Av temIv sSen-{Km^pw sSen-t^m-Wp-an. Xoh-nbpw tam-
tmIm-dp-an. {]n, ]{X--fn. ]pkvX-I--fpan. Cp bm{Xm-
ku-I-cy--fn. Cm-c-W--fm, Atd_y CXc \mSp-I-fn\nv H-
sp InS Hcp cmPy-am-bn-cpp. Npp-ap Cdm, tdmw, CuPn]vXv
Fn-hn-S--fn hnm\ Iem-im-kv{X- A]m]-ambn {]N-
cn-n-cpp. ]t, Is-m aWm-Sp-I Atd-_ysb B cm-
Py--fn\nsmw ths-Spn \nn. Atd-_y hym]m-cn-I
amk--tfmfw acp-`qan Xmn B cmPy--fn-se-n-s-n-cpp. ]t,
B _w hym]m-c-n am{X-sam-Xpn. Atd-_y-bn-em-Is, \mK-cn-
IX hnImkw {]m]n-n-cp-n. AhnsS ]mT-im-eI - tfm {Km-eb
-
- tfm
Dm-bn-cp-n. hnZym-`ymkw {]Nmcw t\Sn-bn-cp-n. Fgp-Xm\pw hmbn-
m-\p-a-dn-bp--h hnc-en-se-m-hp--h am{Xw. Ahm-Is, Am-
es hnm\ Iem-im-kv{X--fn ]cn-Nbw Dm-bn-cp-p-an. hyh-
m-]nX `c-Wtam \nb-a-hy-h-tbm AhnsS Cm-bn-cpp. Hmtcm
tKm{Xhpw kzw \nev kzm[n-Im-cn-I. sImbpw Ihbpw
kh{X. Ie-lhpw sImebpw kh-km-[m-cWw. a\p-jy-Po-hv hne
\jvS-s Imew. i Ai-sc sImv sIm-b-Snp.* hy`n-Nmcw,
aZy-]m\w, NqXp-Ifn Fnh kmh-{XnIw. \X ]c-ky-ambn {]Zin-
n-p--Xn Bpw Hcp ktm-N-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-n. kv{XoI
t]mepw ]cn-ip IA-v_sb \Kv\-cmbn {]Z-nWw sNbvXn-cpp. \nb-
a-hn-cpw, \nb-a-hn-t[bw Fn--s\-bp hnth-N\w Ah-\y-am-
bn-cpp. Hcp \nb-{-W-n\pw hnt[-b-cm-Im Ah Xm-dp-m-bn-cp-
n. A{X i-am-bn-cpp Ah-cpsS kzmX-{y-t_m[w. Hcp hn[n-
Im-hn-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-hm Ah k--cm-bn. inem {]Xn-
a-I-fm-bn-cpp Ah-cpsS ssZh-. hgn-bn I `wKnbpw an\p-k-hp-
ap GXv inebpw Ahv ssZh-am-bn-cpp. BcpsS apnepw Ip\n-
bm B inc-p-I ine-Ip apn btYjvSw Ip\np! B

* ' The Arab Civilization' (]pdw 10) F IrXn-bn s{]m^. tPmk^v sl (Jo-
seph Hell Fgp-Xpp: ""Ccw hg-p-I tZio-b-amb sFIy-t_m[w XIp-
Ibpw A]-cn-lm-cy-amb kzP-\-]--]mXw Ah-cn hfn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
X kzbw kqW-cm-sWv Hmtcm tKm{Xhpw IcpXn. ap--h Xv
sImm\pw sIm-b-Sn-m\pw Ih sNm-\p-ap \nb-am-\p-krX Cc-I-fm-
sWpw.''
 Ckvemw

ine-I X-fpsS Bh-iy--sfmw \nh-ln-p-sa--h hniz-

knp!
C-n-ep Hcp kaq-l-n, CXp-t]m-ep Hcp kml-N-cy-
n Hcm P\n-pp. ssii-h-nXs amXm-]n-Xm- At-
ls hnp-t]mbn. A]w Ignv ]nXm-a-l\pw. B {]mb-n
e`n-t-p Ghpw Ipd kwc-Ww t]mepw \Im-\m-fn.
hnthIw h {]mb- n Ad_n _meam- t cm- s Smw BSp
tabvm t]mhp-p. bphXzw {]m]n--tm hym]m-c-n-tes-
Spp. Atlw \np-Xpw Ccn-p-Xpw \S-p-Xpw ta hnh-
cn Xc-m-cmb Ad-_n-I-fpsS IqsS-bmWv. hnZym-`ymkw t]cn\p
t]mepw At-l-n\v e`n-n-n. Fgp-Xmt\m hmbn-mt\m Adn-
bn. Fm, At-l-ns kz`m-hhpw at\m-K-Xnbpw ap--h-cp-
tS-Xn\nv XnIpw `n-amWv. Atlw BtcmSpw If-hp-]-d-bp-
n; kt`y-Xc hmp-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn-p-n; kw-km-c-n ImTn-
\ytam ]mcp-jytam C; a[p-chpw hn\-bm-\zn-X-hp-amb `mjWw. B
am[p-cy-m P\- At-l-n-em-Ir-jvS-cm-hpp; A\y-cp-sS-Xm-
b- s Xmpw Atlw sXmb hgnv kz- a m- p- n; hniz-
kvXXbm, P\- hne-s hkvXp- kqn-m-t\]n-p-
Xv At-l-s-bmWv. Atlw Ah kzw Poh-s\-sb-tmWw
kqn- pp. At- l - ns kXy- k - X khcpw AwKo- I - c n-
pp; Ah- c - t - l s "hniz- k v X ' (A- A - a o) Fv hnfn-
pp. ebpw ktm-Nhpw At-l-ns {]Ir-Xn-bm-bn-cpp.
t_m[wsh-tijw \Kv\-\mbn Bcp-a-t-ls In-n. At-l-
ns kZm-Nm-c-\njvT IWn-i-am-bn-cpp. Hc-\y-kv{Xosb Atlw
Ip-bn t\mn-bn-n. ]cn-ip-hpw \na-e-hp-amb B {]IrXn
kIe hn[ A[a--sfbpw shdpp. aqVcpw aen-\-lr-Z-bcpw
t]mn-cn-I-fp-amb P\--fp-am-bp kl-hmkw B kz`m-h-
Dsm-m Hcn-epw CS-bm-n-bn. At-l-ns kh-Ia-
-fnepw hrnbpw shSnpw sXfn-p-\np. kaqlw \S-p
sImbpw sImebpw Iv B a\v hyY ]qp. AXn-\m, Ie-
l-mn-S-bn knbpw kulr-Z-hp-ap-m-m Atlw ]cn-
{i-an-pp. At-l-ns lrZbw At-bw Aen-hp--XmWv.
A\y-cpsS ZpxJw At-l-sbpw ZpxJn-n-pp; A\m-Y-I-sfbpw
hn[-h-I-sfbpw Atlw klm-bn-pp. hni-p--hm-lmcw
 Ckvemw

\Ipp; bm{X-msc klm-bn-pp. At-l-n\nv Bpw

Hcp t{Zmlhpw t\cn-Sp-n. _nw_-]q-P-I-tcm-sSmw Ign-npw _nw_-
-sf-bt- lw ITn-\a
- mbn shdp-pp. Hcn-e- p-samcp krjvSn-bpsS apn-
e-tlw Xe Ip\n-p-n. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep hkvXp--sfmpw
]qP-bln-pn F Bibw At-l-ns A-cm-f-n\nv
kzbw ]pd-p-h-cpp. ssZhw Hp-am-{Xta Dm-Imhq; Hp-am-{X-ta-
bpq Fv At-l-ns a\v kzbw ]d-bpp. As\ B a\p-
jy aqV-cmb B P\-n-Sb - n thXn-cnv ImW-s-Spp. Nc
q-\-bnse cXv\w-t]mse; sImSpw-X-a-n-semcp `mkpc Zo]w t]mse!
\m]Xp hb-m-Ip-thmfw Atlw Cu hnin-jvShpw hnip--hp-
amb PohnXw \bn-pp. ]mh-\hpw am\yhpw DXvIr-jvSh - p-amb PohnXw.
B L-n, X\nv Nppw hym]n-n-cn-p L\m--Imcw At-l-
s ]cn-{`m Nn-\m-pp. A-Xbpw A[ahpw Acm-PI - X
- zhpw
_lp-ssZ-h-Xz-hpam-Ip A-Im-c-. HSp-hn-e-tlw A-Im-c--
fpsS Cu ]mcm-hm-c-n\nv tamN\w B{K-ln-pp. ImcWw, Ahn-
sS Xs {]Ir-Xn-n-W-p--Xmbn Hp-an. As\, Atlw Zqsc
Hcp ]h-X - nse Kpl-bpsS im-amb GIm-X - b
- n ]e Znh-k
Ign-p-Iq-pp. {hX-ipn hcp-pp. a\-n\pw akvXn-jvI-n\pw
Gsd-tbsd ss\aeyw ssIh-cp-pp. ZoL-amb [ym\-nepw
Nn-bnepw apgp-Inb Zn\-cm-{X-. Nppw hym]np InS-p A-
Imcw \ow sNm-\p-X-Ip Hcp ssIncn A-a-tbmsS Atlw
]c- X pp. \mi- K - n- e m- p- t ]mb, Zpjn B temIs
AmsS ]pXp-n--Wn-bm-\p-X-Ip- Hcp in X\nv ssIh-s-
n-se-m-in-pp ]cn-ip-hpw imn-]qW-hp-amb Hcp \h-temIw
]Sp-p-bm-\p-X-Ip Hcp in-hn-tijw!
s]s-Xm, At-l-ns nXn-bn hn amw. Xm tXSn-
sm-n-cp shfnw s]mSp-s\ a\-n {]Xy--amb t]mse.
apsm-cn-epw tXmm Hcp in Xn hv \ndbpw t]mse.
Kpl-bpsS GIm-X hnv Atlw ]pdv hcpp. kzw kap-Zm-b-
ns ASp- sNv- C-{]-Imcw DZvt_m-[n-n-pp: "\n-fm-cm-[n-
p Cu {]Xn-a-I Xopw \njv{]-tbm-P-\-amWv. kqcy-N-{-\-
-{Xm-Zn-I-fpw BIm-i-`q-an-I-fnse kI-e- N-cm-N-c-fpw ssZh-ns
krjvSn-I am{Xw. AtX ssZh-amWv \n-fp-sSbpw {kjvSmhv \n-
v Blmcw Xcp--X-h-\mWv. \nsf Pohn-n-p-Xpw acn-n-p--
 Ckvemw

Xp-a-h-\mWv. AXp-sIm--hs\ am{Xw Bcm-[n-pI. Bh-iy- Ah-

v am{Xw kan-pI; klmbw Ah-t\mSv am{Xw tXSpI. \n
sNbvXpIqp tamj-Whpw Ihbpw aZy-]m-\hpw NqXm-hpw hy`n-
Nm-c-hp-samw hIp---fmWv. ssZhw Xosc CjvS-s-Sm-h. AXp-
sIm--h-sbmw XyPn-p-ho. kXyw am{Xw ]d-bpI; \oXn ]pe-
pI; A\y-cpsS Poh\pw [\-hp-a-]-l-cn--cpXv; CS-]m-Sp-I-fn kXy-
k-X ]men-pI; \n-sfmw a\p-jy-cmWv; a\p-jytcm kaamcpw.
hwiw, tKm{Xw, tZiw, `mj, hWw, cq]w, thjw, kv Fn-h-bn-
sempw Hcp amlm-fly-hp-an. ssZh-`n, kXy-k-X, kaw,
hnip PohnXw Ch-bmWv amlm-fly-ns am\-ZWvUw. ac-Wm-\-
cw \nsmw ssZh-k-n-[n-bn lmP-cm-tI--Xpv. \oXn-am-
\mb ssZh-ns kn-[n-bn ip]mitbm ssIq-entbm \S-p-
I-bn. Bcp-sSbpw tKm{X-am-lmflyw KpWw sNn. kXy-hn-izm-
khpw kXvIahpw am{X-am-W-hnsS {]tbm-P-\-s-SpI. B Aaqey
kv ssIh-i-ap--h kzKw ]qIpw. Cm--h \c-I-nepw.
CXm-bn-cpp Atlw \Inb D]-tZ-i-ns Npcpw. ]t,
hnUvVn-I-fmb P\- Ah-cpsS bYmY KpWImw-n-bmb B D-
a-]p-cp-js\ ]e-hn-[-n t{Zmln-p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. X-fpsS
]qhn-Im-Nm-c-sf Bt-]np, apKm-an-Isf Xn--dp XpS-n-
b-h-bm-bn-cpp Ah-c-t-l-n I Ipw. B Ip-ns t]cn
Ah-c-t-ls iIm-cnp; Is-dnp; ITn-\-ambn aZnp; tZtlm-]-
{Z-h-ta]np; Ah-km\w h[n-p-hm t]mepw KqVm-tem-N\ \Sn.
]Xn-aqv kwh--c- Ah-c-t-ls \nc-cw {Iqc-ambn B{I-
anp sImn-cpp. KXy--c-an-msX kztZiw shSn-bm t]mepw

* kXy-amK-n FXnns sImSp-m-p-I Xs t\cn-tS-n-hp, {]hm-N-Iv.

Atlw AsXmw ]pn-cn-tbmsS t\cnp. {]oW-\-tm {]tem-`-\-tm
hg-msX Atlw Xs amK-n Dd-p-\np. `oj-Wn-I \_nsb `b-s-Sp-
m t]m-X Fp-I Ad-_n-I HSp-hn asm-c-Shv {]tbm-Knp. AXpw,
]t, ]cm-P-b-n-emWv Iem-in-Xv.
Jpssdin {]ap-J-c-S-p Hcp \nth-ZI kwLw \_n-bpsS ASp-p-hp. `mhn-
m Ign-bp Fm sFlnI {]Xm-]hpw Ah \_nv shp-\on, At-ls
hi-m-m thn. Ah ]dp: ""[\-amWv \n\m-h-iy-sa-n \n\-n-
jvS-ap-{X [\w R Xcmw. m\-am-\-amWv tamln-p--sX-n R
\ns cmPm-hmbn hmgnmw. ku-cy-n-emWv Is-n \o sXc-s-Sp-p
ku-cy-[m-as \n\v thfn Ignmw.''
\_nsb h-hn-t[-\bpw ZuXy-\nh-lW- - n\nv ]nn-cn-n-p-Ib
- m-bn-cpp Ah-
 Ckvemw

Atlw \n_-n-X-\mbn. Fn-p-a-h AS-n-bn-cp-n. Atlw

Fn-t {]tZ-ipw hj--tfmfw Ah-c-t-ls ]e-hn-[-
n iey-s-Sp-n-sm-n-cpp.
Cu IjvS-X-I-sfmw B alm-\p-`m-h Fn-\mWv kln-Xv?
temI-n\v kXy-ns t\amKw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m-\m-{K-ln-Xp-
sImp-am{Xw. Cu ]pXnb Bi-b- f- p-t]-n-m Xm-dm-Ip ]w
X-fpsS t\XrXzw Xs At-l - n\v \Ip-hm-\h - Xm-dm-bn-cpp.
k-ns Iqmcw At-l-ns ]mZ--fn-en-m-\-h Hcp--
am-bn-cpp.* ]t, Atlw AsXmw Xosc Ah-KW - np. Xs I-
hy-\nh-l-W-n ]X-dmsX \ne-sImp. Hcm kzmY-em-`-p-
th-n-b-msX, A\y-cpsS \bpw tahpw am{Xw ap\nn
\m\m-Xcw IjvS-m-Sp-I t]dpI! GsXmcp P\-n\v thn At-
l-anXv sNp-pthm B P\w Is-dn-bp-tm Ah-cpsS \-p-
thn {]mYn-pI! CXn-ep-apIr-jvShpw DZm--hp-amb BflmY-
Xbpw KpW-Imw-bpw \apv hn`m-h\ sNm-\m-Iptam?
C\nbpw Nnnp t\mpI! B a\p-jy Kpl-bnse GIm--
hmkw hnv ]pdv hcpp Hcp ]pXnb kt-i-hp-ambn. AtXmsS
F{X hn am-am-W-t-l-n kw`-hn-p-Xv! Ctm-g-tlw Dcp-
hn-Sp hmp-I kmln-Xy-k---amWv; AY-Kw-`o-c-amWv; Ccw
hmp-I apmcpw ]d-n-n. ]noSpw ]d-n-n. kzw Imhy-
{]-Xn-`-bnepw {]kw-K-ssh-`-h-nepw kmln-Xy-{]u-Vn-bnepw A`n-
am-\n-n-cp--h-cmWv Ad-_n-I. Fm, Xm\p-cn-bm-Sp-Xp t]mep

cpsS Dtiyw. Bscbpw Ffp--n hio-I-cn-p-hm t]m {]tem-`-\-.

]t, {]hm-N-Is ZrjvSn-bn Ah-sb{X Xpw! Hcp kvt^mS\w t]mse At-
l-ns adp-]Sn hp: ""sIm-ap-Xtem A[n-Im-ctam F\n-p-th! P\-
smcp ap-dn-bn-p-Im-c-\m-bn-mWv ssZh-sas \ntbm-Kn-Xv. Ahs
ktiw \ns- n- p- I - b mWv Rm. AXv kzoI- c n- m \no
temIv kuJyhpw kam-[m-\hpw t\Smw. ]c-tem-Iv imizX kpJhpw. kzoI-
cn-m ]w \ap-n-S-bn ssZhw Xs Xop I]n-p-sImpw.''
asm-cn- \mp aq-m-cpsS \n_--n\v hgn ZuXy-ap-t]-n-m Xtm-
Sm-hi
- y-s kzw ]nXr-hy-t\m-St- lw ]dp: ""]nXrhym! he-Xp-ssI-bn kqcy-
s\bpw CSXp ssIbn N{-s\bpw Ah shp-X-mepw Cu IrXy-n\nv
Rm hnc-an-p--X. Hp-In {]kvXpX {iaw k^-e-ambn ssZh-{]oXn t\SpI.
As-n B amK-n-em-bn-smv \in-pI. cn-semv kw`-hn-p--Xp-
hsc Rm\nXv XpScpw.'' {]hm-N-Is \nkvXp-e-amb \n-b-ZmVyhpw BZi-\n-
jvT-bp-amWv \man-hnsS ImWp-Xv.-
JpinZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

Hcp hmIy-sa-nepw \nan-m B \nc--c Ah-sc-sbm--Sw

shp-hn-fnp. ]t, kzw ]cm-Pbw k-Xnv Ah At-l-
ns apn Xe- I p- \ n- p- I - b m- b n- c pp. Fn- t \sd, At- l -
ns Xs ap hN-\-fpw {]`m-j-W-fpw B {]tXyI hmIy-
-fpsS Kmw`o-cyhpw AY-]p-jvSnbpw ku-cyhpw kv^pcn-n-p--
h-bm-bn-cpn. At-l-ns kzw hN-\-sf, B {]tXy-I -h-
N-\--tfmSv Cpw Xmc-X-ay-s-Spn t\mq Ah Xn hy-
amb Acw ImWmw.
Hcp hnZybpw A`y-kn-n-n-m, acp-`q-hm-kn-bmb B a\p-jy
]d-bp-hm XpS-nb kmc-K`hpw AY-k-p-jvS-hp-amb hmIy-
apmcpw ]d-h - b
- . Cms-nepw ]d-bpI km[y-hp-a. Atlw
Xsbpw, \m]Xp hb-n\v apv, A-c-samcp hmpw D-cn-n-p-
an. Fsmw hnj-b--fm-W-Xn ssIImcyw sN-s-Xv! kmmKn-
Ihpw [man-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmwkKn-Ihpw km-n-Ihpw
cmjv{So-b-hp-amb sshhn-[y-am hnj-b-! F, a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-
nse kIe {]iv\- kw_-npw \nkvXp-e-amb \nb-a- \nc-
-c-\mb B a\p-jys \mhn\np-Xnp hoWp. Ah-bpsS bpn-
c-l-ky- Npcp-f-gn-p-hm alm ]fin-X-cp-sSbpw _pn-Po-hn-I-fp-
sSbpw kwh--c- \o Nnbpw Kth-j-Whpw thn-hp.
temIw Kth-jW]T-\--fn ]ptcm-K-an-p-tmdpw Ah-bn-e-S-nb
bpnbpw Xzhpw IqSp-X IqSp-X-embn shfn-s-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
I-bpamWv. Bbn-c-n-ap-q-dn]cw* kwh--c- sImgn-p-
ho-sW-nepw Atlw sImp-h \nb-a--fn am-n-cp--ep-
Iv ]gp-tXXpw ImWp-n. ]e \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Ifpw Bbncw
XhW \nan--s-Sp-Ibpw Xncp--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-pv. ]t,
Hmtcm ]co--Whpw ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cpp. Fm, \ma-am{X hnZym-
`ymkw t]mepw knn-m B a\p-jy ]c-k-lmbw IqSmsX
\S-m-nb \nb-a-ns Hcp hIp-p-t]mepw amt--Xmbn hn-
n!
Ccp-]-n-aqp hjs Ime-L--n, Atlw kzw kz`m-
h-ta--bpsS _e-m _-ssh-cn-I-sf-tmepw Bfl an{X--fmn
* 1932-emWv auem\m auZqZn Cu {Kw cNn-Xv. F-Un-
** DlpZv bp-n, Ad_n tKm{X--e-h-\mb A_q-kp-^vbms `mcy lnv \_n-
bpsS ]nXr-hy lwkbpsS Ic ISnv Nhv Acniw Xo kw`hw.
 Ckvemw

amn; FXn-cm-fn-Isf A\p-Iq-en-Ifpw. FXnm I-sIn cwK-

p-h hi-n-It]mepw tXmhn k-Xnv At-l-ns
Im hoWp. HSp-hn-e-tlw hnPbw t\Sn. Atm-gp-a-tlw i{Xp-
-tfmSv {]Xn-Imcw sNbvXn. BtcmSpw A{Iaw {]hn-p-an.
kzw ]nXr-hys\ h[nv, Ic-sf-Spv Nh-p-Xp-n-b-hv t]mepw
Atlw amp \In.** Xs Is-dn-bp-Ibpw _ln-jvI-cn-p-Ibpw
Bn-tbm-Sn-p-Ibpw sNbvXh
- pw hnP-bm-\
- cw s]mdppsImSpp.
Bsc-bp-a-tlw hn-n; DS--Sn-I-sfmpw ewLn-n. bp-n
t]mepw A{Iaw ImWn-n. _-ssh-cn-Ip IqSn At-l-n-\p-
ta A-c-sam-cm-tcm-]Ww D-bn-p-hm-\m-bn. CtX kXy-k--
Xbpw [a\n-jvTbpwsImmWv apgp-h Ad-_n-I-fp-sSbpw lrZ-b-s-
b-tlw an\p-k-s-Sp-n-bXv. ]noSv AtX KpW--fpsS ]n_-e-
m, kh-ZpKp-W--fp-sSbpw Ie-h-d-bm-bn-cp B Ad-_n-Isf,
Ah-c-I-spInS A-Xm--Im-c-n\n--tlw tamNn-n-p-
Ibpw sNbv X p. Hcp ]cn- j v I rX kaq- l - a mn Ah- s c- b - t lw

* PA-v^-dp_v\p A_o-Xzm-en-_ns Ncn-{X-{]-kn--amb {]kwKw C-cp-W-n

{]kv X m- h y- a mWv . _lp- s sZ- h m- c m- [ - I - c psS aZ\w kln- - h - m- X m- b - t m
Abcm-Py-amb A_n-ko-\n-bb - n-tev(Cs FtXym]y) IpSn-tb-dp-hm A\p-
N-c-m-cn Nne-tcmSv \_n Bh-iy-s-Sp-I-bp-mbn. As\ Hcp hn`mKw A_n-
ko-\n-bb- n-tev t]mbn. \_npw A\p-bm-bn-Ip-sa-Xn-cn Fp ISpwssIbpw
sNp-hm aSn-m-Xn-cp am {]am-Wn-am shdp-sX-bn-cp-n. Ah A`-bmYn-
Isf A\p-K-anp. A_nko-\n-b cmPm-hmb \m-in-tbmSv (t\Kkv) Ahsc
_em-mcw aSn Ab-m Bh-iy-sp. \_n XpS-n-sh al-mb hn-
h-n-tev shfnwhoin-smv \m-in-bpsS sImm-c-n A`-bmYn-I-fn-
sem-cm-fmb PA-v^ Hcp {]kwKw sNbvXp. AXns cXv\-p-cp--amWv NphsS:
""Atbm! cmPmth, R hn{K-l-]q-P-I-cmb Hcp P\-X-bm-bn-cpp. R ihw
Xo\n-I-fm-bn-cpp. lo\-am-b-sXpw sNp-am-bn-cpp. _p--tfm-Sp _m[yX
R \nd-th-n-bn. Abhm-kn-I-tfmSv \ny-ambn hnp. Zp_-es sNe-
hn i XSn-p-sIm-gpp. Ah-km\w Rsf kap--cn-m ssZhw Hcp
{]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Knp. At-l-ns kXy-k-X, Av, BPhw, Zo\m-
\p-I XpS-nb KpW- Rv kp]-cn-Nn-X--fmWv. Atlw Rsf
ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn-tev Wnp. hn{K-lm-cm-[\ hnen. kXyta ]d-bmhq Fpw
Icm ]men-W - s
- apw c-_w am\n-W - s - apw Abmv KpWw sN-
W-sapw Atlw Rsf D]-tZ-inp. Aoew hPn--W-sapw c-sm-cn-
n \n-W-sapw Atlw R-tfm-Sm-m-]np. Fm-hn[ B`m-k-fpw
Atlw \njn--amn. If-hv]-d-b, A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w A]-l-cn-, ]Xn-{h-
X-If- n hy`n-Nm-c - pw Npa- BZn-bm-bh - s- bmw. BI-bm R-ft- -ls
hniz-knp; At-ls ]np-Sp; Atlw ]d {]Imcw \S-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.''-
JpinZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

hms- S pp. Hcp hyh- pw hg- m- X n- c p Ad- _ n- I sf

temI-N-cn-{X-n-ep-Zm-l-c-W-an-m \nb-a-]m-e-I-cm-n-op. Hcp
`c-W-co-Xnpw hnt[-b-am-Im Xm-dn-m-Xn-cp Ahsc {]uV-amb
Hcp `c-W-ns A\p-k-c-W-ap {]P-I-fmn amn. [manIkZm-
Nmc KpW--fpsS kv]i-ta-m Ahsc AXypIrjvS KpW-
-fpsS tIZm-c-am-n-op. Cv Ah-cpsS Ncn{Xw hmbn-p--
h hnkva-b-kvX-_v[cm-bn-tm-Ipp. A[x-]-X-\-ns Bg-n
InS Hcp P\X Hcp a\p-jys {ia-^-e-ambn, temI-nse AP-
-i-n-bm-hpI AtXm, shdpw Ccp-]-n-aqv kwh-cwsImv!

* BX se\mUv ]d-bpp: ""kXy-n, Ckvemw al-mb Hcp IrXy-amWv

\nh-ln-Xv. a\pjy Ncn-{X-n, amp-I-f-bm-\m-hm Hcp m\w AXv t\Sn-
sb-Sp-n-cn-pp. temIw C\nbpw hfpIgn-bp-tm am{Xta Ckvem-ans
m\w ]qW-ambn AwKo-I-cn--s-Sp-I-bpq.'' Hcp ap\nc imk-v{X--\mb
tPm sZht]m-ns \nco-Ww ImWpI: ""DuP-X{w, tPymXn-ximkv{Xw,
Xz-imkv{Xw, KWn-X-imkv{Xw XpSn ]mw-i-XIw apX bqtdm-n ]pjvSn-
{]m-]n-p-h hnm\ imJ-I-sf-mw-Xs, auen-I-ambn, Atd-_y Nnm-
[m-c-I-fn\nv Dcp-n-cn-p-h--h-bm-sWv k-Xnt ]q. kvs]bv\nse Ad-
_n-I bqtdm-]y Xz-Nn--bpsS ]nXm--fmbn KWn--s-tS--Xp-amWv.''
Qu by A K "I LAM s C N IBU I N CIENCE AND CIVILIZA I N
hnJymX {_nojv Nn-I-\mb _{S v d C{]-Imcw FgpXn: ""Ing-ns A[o-
iXzw ssk\nI taJ-e-bn am{X-am-bn-cp-n. imkv{Xw, Xz-Nn, Ihn-X, Ie-
IFmw apl--Zo-b-cpsS temIv ]pjvSn{]m]np. Av bqtdmv A-X-
bn-emp InS-p-I-bm-bn-cpp. ]t, bqtdm-p-Im amln-m Hu-Xy-
tmsS B Ime-L-s "Ccp bpKw' Fp hnfnp. Fm, Ccpv bqtdm-
n am{X-am-bn-cppXo-bmbpw, {InkvXy bqtdm-n am{Xw. ImcWw, Av
apl--Zo-b-cpsS B[n-]-Xy-n-em-bn-cp kvs]bn-\n DPz-e-amb Hcp \mK-cn-IX
\ne-\n-n-cpp.'' AKI AN QUA E LY-V IV N
hnJymX Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb tdm_v {_nt^mv Xs " HE MAKIN F HI Y' F
{K-n ]d-bpp: Ad-_n-I-fn-m-bn-cp-s-n X-fpsS apIm-em-h--I
AXn-P-bn-p-hm klm-bn KpW--fpsm-p-hm bqtdm-]y \mK-cn-I-Xv
an-hmdpw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-n. Imc-W-apv: Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-IX ISp
sNm Hcp taJ-ebpw Is-pI km[y-a-s-nepw B[p-\nI bpK-ns
\nWm-bI inbpw am\-hnI t\--fpsS apJy-t{km-X-p-amb imkv{Xob
Nn-bp-sSbpw {]Ir-Xn-im-kv{X-im-J-I-fp-sSbpw taJ-e-bn AXv sNep-nb
kzm[o\w asm-nepw A{X {]I-S-a Fp-thWw Icp-Xm. "kbkv' Fv
\mw hnfn-p-Xv Hcp ]pXnb At\z-jW ssNX-\y-ns ^e-am-bn-cppKth-
j-W-ns ]pXnb coXn-I, ]co--W-n-sbpw \nco--W-n-sbpw ]cn-
am-W-n-s-bp-amb ]pXnb ]pXnb ssien-I; KWn-X-im-kv{X-n {Kop-
Imp-t]m-ep-a-m-X-amb cq]-n-ep ]pXnb Imsh-p-Im-bp At\z-
j-W-Xzc. B ssNX-\yhpw B coXn-Ifpw bqtdm-]yv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-bXv Ad-
_n-I-fmWv.''
t{]m{K-ohv FUp-t-j Atkm-kn-tb-js m]-I-\mb mhpUv tIm_v
]d-bpp: ""bqtdm-n-ep-mb sshm-\nI \thm-m-\-ns bYmY ImcWw
 Ckvemw

XpS-h temI-nse As h in-I-sf-sbmw {lkz-

ImewsImv XIpIfp. temI-n-\-h [ahpw kZm-Nm-
chpw a\p-jy-Xzhpw ]Tn-n-p-sIm-Spp. Ckvem-ans in-Whpw
A[ym-]-\-fpw ssII-fn-ten B{^n--bnepw bqtdm-n-ep-a-h
hnP-b-t`cn apgn.*
CXp-hsc ]d-Xv Atlw Ad-_n-I-fn ssIh-cn t\--
sf- p- d n- mWv . Fm, CXn- t esd hnkv a - b m- h - l - a mWv At- l -
ns Bi-b- temI-amsI Df-hm-nb ^e-. temI-ns
Nnm-K-Xn-bnepw BNm-c--fnepw \nb-a-kw-ln-X-I-fnepw Atlw
hn hnhw krjvSnp. At-ls t\Xmhpw amK-Zin-bp-am-
bw-Ko-I-cn--h am{X-a, FXn-hcpw, _-ssh-cn-It]mepw, B
kzm[o-\-n\nsm-gn-hm-bn F-Xm-W-Zv`pXw. temIw ad-p-
t]mb GI-ssZh hnizm-k-ns i-\mb hm-hmbn Atlw
cwK-p-h--tXmsS, _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-nepw hn{K-l-]q-P-bn-ep-
a-[n-jvTn-X-amb aX- t]mepw AXns hml-I-cm-Im \n_-n-
X-cmbn. At-l-ns [manI kZm-Nmc knm-- At-bw
{]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cpp. XZv^-e-ambn AXv A\y-k-Zm-Nmc kwln-X-
I-fn h kzm[o\w sNepn. Cpw sNep-n-sm-n-cn-pp.
\nbaw, cmPy-X{w, kwkvImcw, \mK-cn-IX, imkv{Xo-b-Nn XpS-
nb taJ-e-I-fn-e-tlw \ntZin Xz- XnIpw icnbpw
]cn-]-Iz-hp-am-bn-cpp. Xn-anw FXn-cm-fn-I t]mepw Ah sas
sas ]In-sb-Sp-p-hm XpSn. Cpw ]In-sm-n-cn-
pp.*
A-cmb Hcp kaq-l-n, A-Im-cm-hr-X-amb Hcp {]tZ-
i-mWv Cu a\p-jys P\\w. \mev]Xp hb-p-hsc CS-b-hr-
nbpw hym]m-c-hp-a-m-sXm-p-a-tlw sNbvXn-n. hnZym-`ym-ktam

Ckvemw Bbn-cpp.''( Quoted by Robert. L.Gullick Jr. in 'Mohammad the Educator')-

JpinZv AlvaZv
* {]hm-N-I-s\m-cn- ]dp: ""IS-m-c-\mbn ac-W-a-S-bm-\n-S-bp, As-n,
ac-W-tijw _p-sf \ncm-ew-_-\m-n-tb-m-hp h-h-cp-ap-s-n Fs
kao-]n-s. Ah-cp-sS-sbmw cm-Im-hmWv Rm.''- Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS PohnXw
CXnv Da kmn-bs{X.-
JpinZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

in-Wtam e`n-n-n. A-n-ep Hcp a\p-jyv \mev]Xv XnI-

-tm-tgpw Fhn-sS-\n-mWv s]mSp-s\ Cu Ign-hp-I-f-{Xbpw
knn-Xv? FhnsS\nm-W-t-l-n\v m\w e`n-Xv? `Wm-[n-
], ssk\y-\m-b-I, ]cn-jvImhv, cmPy-X-{-, \nb-a-
, Xz-m\n Fo \ne-I-fn-semw Atlw AZzn-Xo-b-
\m-bn-cpp. AtX kabw Xs Atlw \ni-bpsS \o-bm-a-
ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn apgp-Ipp. `mcym-k-m-\--tfm-Sp ISa \nh-
ln-pp. AK-Xn-Ipw Ai-c-Wpw tkh\w sNpp.* `c-
Wm-[n-Imcw ssIbn hnpw shdp-samcp Zcn-{Z-s\-tmse Pohn-
pp; ]\-tbm-e-sIm-p-m-nb ]cp-]-cp ]mb-bn-ep-d-pp;
]cp- hkv{X- [cn-pp. efn-X-amb Blmcw am{Xw Ign-
pp. Nne-tm ]nWn InS-p-Ibpw sNpp.
Cu tbmKy-X-I-sfmw AWn-\n-c-n-smv, Xm Hc-am-\p-j-
\m-sWv Atlw hmZnp Fp shpI. Fn BmWv AXv
Jfin-p-hm Ign-bpI? Fm kXy-k--\mb B a\p-jy
FmWv ]d--sXtm? Hpw Xt-X-sv! Fmw ssZh-ns-
Xm-sWv! Rm \n-fpsS apn kan-p Cu \nkvXpe hmIy-
GsXm-n\v Xpey-ambn Hcp h - m-Iy-sa-nepw cNn-p-X - n temIw
]cm-Pb- s
- -pthm B hmIy- Rm kzbw cNn-h - b
- ; Fs {]Xn-
`-bpsS ^e-a; Ah ssZh-ns hmIy--fmWv. Ah-bpsS t]cn-ep
kh _lp-a-Xnbpw ssZh-n-mWv; Rm sNp Imcy--fm-
Is, Fs kzw bpn-bp-sSbpw {]m]vXn-bp-sSbpw ^e-a. ssZh-
\ntZiw A\p-k-cn-p-h am{X-amWv. Nnnp t\mpI: C{Xbpw
kXy-k--\mb a\p-jy {]hm-N-I-\mWv F Imcyw Fs\
\ntj-[npw? At-l-ns tbmKy-X-Ifpw Ign-hp-Ifpw Ia-fpw
ap\nn Xp-ey-\mb asmcp hynsb temI Ncn-{X-n
Is-m-\m-hptam?* C{X-sbms tbmKy-X-I-fp-m-bnpw AXn
Al--cn-p-Itbm AXn-s _lp-aXn kzbw Ah-Im-i-s-Sp-Itbm
sNp--Xn\v ]Icw Ah X\nv {]Zm\w sNbvX ssZh-n-s-Xm-
sWv Xpdv {]Jym-]n-p-I-bmWv Atlw. Fn-cns, At-l-
n hniz- k n- m- X n- c n- m Fp- I m- c - W - a m- W p- Xv ? kzw
* temI-nse \qdp alm-msc "The hundreds' F {K-n-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s-
Sp-nb ssa Fv. lmv {]Ya m\w \In-bXv apl-Zv\_n-m-sW-
tmpI.
{]km-[-I
 Ckvemw

tbmKy-X-I-sf-n "CsXmw ssZh-Z--amWv' Fv Atlw ]d-bp-

tm "A, CsXmw \ns- X-e-bn\nv Xs DZv`-hn--XmWv'
Fv \msa- n\v ]d- b Ww? I]- S - m A\y- c psS tbmKy- X - I
t]mepw kz-am-n-om-\mWv {ian-pI. Fm, At-l-am-
Is, Xt-sXv \njv{]-bmkw hmZn-m-hp tbmKy-X-I t]mepw
kz-sa--h-Im-i-s-Sp-n. {]kvXpX tbmKy-X-I At-l-nv
e`n-p amK-s-n amp-a-dn-p-IqSm. XZ-Sn-m-\-n
Hc-am-\p-j-\m-sWv hmZn-m t]mepw Bsc-Xnm? Fnpw
AX-tlw ]d-bp-n-s-n At-l-s-m henb kXy-hm
am-cmWv?
Ct-l-at{X, \psS t\Xmhv. kh-tem-I-n-p-ap {]hm-N-
I-\mb apl-Zv apkvX^m Xncp-ta\n(k). At-l-ns {]hm-N-I-
Xz- n- \ p sXfnhv At- l - ns kXy- \ n- j v T - b mWv . At- l -
ns al-XvIr-Xy-pw kz`mhtapw PohnX hnip-npw
Ncn{Xw kmn-bmWv. lrZ-b-ip-n-tbmSpw kXy-k--X-tbmSpw \oXn-
t_m- [ - t mSpw IqSn B Ncn{Xw ]Tn- p GXv \njv ] - \pw
Atlw Hcp {]hm-N-I Xs-sbv k-Xnpw. Atlw temI-
k-aw kan ssZh-hm-Iy--fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv ]cn-ip Jp-
B. Xpd lrZ-b-tmsS, t_m[-]qhw B {Kw ]mcm-bWw
sNp Bcpw AXv \nw-i-b-ambpw Hcp ssZhnI {K-am-sWv
]d-bm \n_-n-X-\mhpw. A-c-samcp {Kw cNn-pI a\pjy
Ign-hn--Xo-X-am-sWpw Abm-fw-Ko-I-cn-t-n-hcpw.
{]hm-NI
- Xz ]cn-ka
- m]vXnsXfn-hp-I
Cv Ckvem-ans\ bYm-hn[n Adn-bp-hm-\p GI-amKw hnip
Jp-B\pw {]hm-NI Ncy-bp-amWv. apl-Zv\_n apgp-h a\p-jyp-
ap {]hm-N-I-\mWv. At-l-tm-Sp-IqSn {]hm-N-IXz ]c-c ssZhw
F-t-p-ambn Ah-km-\n-n-n-cn-pp. ssZhw Xs Zmk-mv
\Im-\p-t-in-n-cp kIe \ntZ-i-fpw Ay {]hm-N-I hgn
\In--gn-n-cn-pp. Cu {]hm-N-I-\n hniz-kn-p-Ibpw At-l-
s A\p-K-an-p-Ibpw sNt-Xv kXym-t\z-jn-Ifpw bYmY ssZh-
Zm-k
- m-cm-bn-cn-m Dt-in-p-h
- c
- p-amb Fm-hpw \n_-a
- mWv.
"{]hm-N-I-Xz-ns bmYmYyw' F ioj-I-n apv \n
Nne Imcy- {Kln-p-htm. Am-cy- apnshv Nnn-m
 Ckvemw

{]hm-N-I Zn\w {]Xn P\n--bn-spw Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-nepw F-

tmgpw {]hm-N-Iam htc Bh-iy-an-spw a\-n-emmw. Hcp
{]hm-N-Is PohnXw At-l-ns A[ym-]-\--fpsS Pohn-p
amXr-I-bm-bn-cnpw. B A[ym-]-\- \ne-\np Ime-tmfw
{]hm-N-I Pohn-n-cn-pp F-XmWv ^ew. Cu ASn-m-\-n,
apl-Zv \_n-bpsS apKm-an-I-fmb {]hm-N-I-m-cmcpw Pohn-n-cn-n.
Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\- bYmY cq]-n \ne-hn-en FXp Xs
ImcWw. Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I Ah-bpsS cq]w amn--f-n-cn-p-
p. Ah sImp-h ssZh {K--fn-sem-p-t]mepw bYmY cq]-
n-en-n. B {]hm-N-I-m-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Ip-t]mepw A-s\-
bp-sv hmZ-an. kzw {]hm-N-I-m-cpsS Pohn-X-N-cy-I t]mepw
Ah adp. ap {]hm-N-I-m-cn Hcm-fp-sSbpw bYmYhpw hnizm-k-
tbm-Ky-hp-amb Pohn-X-Ncy Cs-hn-sSbpw e`y-a. FhnsS, Ftm
P\np; Fsms {]hnp; Fs\ Pohnp; Fsmw \ntZ-
inp; Fsmw \ntcm-[npCsXmpw Ah-sc -kw-_-nv Dd-
np ]d-bpI km[y-a. Fm, apl-Zv\_n Cpw Pohn-n-cn-
pv! Imc-Ww, At-l-ns inW \ntZi-fpw Pohn-X-N-
cy-Ifpw Cpw \ne-\n-pp. Atlw sImp-h hnip Jp-
B AXns bYmY A-c--tfmsS Cp-apv. AXn-semcp
amhpw kw`-hn-n-n. {]hm-N-Is hmpw {]hr-nbpw Ncy-bp-
samw kpc-n-X-am-bn-cn-p-pv. Bbn-c-n-ap-q-dn]cw kwh-
-c-p tijhpw \mw Xncp-ta-\nsb t\cn ImWp-Xp t]mse,
Ah-bpsS sXfn Nn{Xw Ncn-{X-n tcJ-sp InS-pv. apl-
Zv \ _n- b psS PohnXw tcJ- s - S p- nb A{X kpc- n- X - a mbpw
kqva-ambpw asmcp alm-]p-cp-j-sbpw PohnXw Ncn{Xw tcJ-s-
* Hcp {]hm-N-Is kmn-[y-n Abm-fpsS klm-b-n-\mbn asmcp {]hm-N-
Is\ \ntbm-Kn-p-I-sb \mem-a-sXmcp cq]hpw km[y-amWv. ]t, Rm\Xv
hnp-I-f-bm ImcWw, hnip Jp-B-\n AXn\p cp-Zm-l-c-W--tf-bpq
F-XmWv. klm-bn-I-fmb {]hm-N-I-msc \ntbm-Kn- Am-lp-hns Hcp
s]mXp \nb-a-am-sWv B cp-Zm-l-c-W-sImv am{Xw sXfn-bp-I-bn.-
{K-Im-c
** ]pXn-sbmcp ZuXy-n\v Hcp \nn-X-Imew Ign-m aXn Fv Nne ]d-
bpp. ]Xn-aqp \qm-p-Ip apv Ah-X-cn Hcp aXw A{]m-tbm-Kn-Ihpw
Ime-l-c-W-s-Xpw ]pXp-bp-K-ns Bh-iy- \nh-ln-p-hm A{]m-]vX-
hp-am-bn-cn-p-sa-m-W-h-cpsS hmZw. XnIpw ASn-m\ cln-X-am-WnXv. Imc-W-
]dbmw:
1. Ckvem-anI in-W- imiz-X-amWv. ImcWw, `qX`mhn h-am-\--f-dn-
bp ssZh-amWv Ah Ah-X-cn-n-Xv. `mhn-bpsS Ahy--amb Ihm-S-n-te-
 Ckvemw

Sp-n-bn-n. Pohn-X-nse GXp k`-n\pw GXv {]iv\-n\pw

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-n\nv \ap-smcp amXrI e`npw. apl-
Zv\_nv tijw asmcp {]hm-N-I Bh-iy-an-s--Xn\v Cu
sXfn-hp-I Xs [mcm-f-amWv.
Hcp {]hm-N-I-p-tijw asmcp {]hm-N-Is BK-a-\-n\v aqn-
semcp ImcWw Dm-hmsX h. Hv: BZy {]hm-N-Is A[ym-]-\-
\mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-tm-hp-Ibpw Ahsb ]p\Po-hn-n-t Bh-
iyw t\cn-Sp-Ibpw sNpI. cv:- BZy {]hm-N-Is inWw A]qW-
am-hp-Ibpw AXn-\m AXn t`Z-K-Xntbm Iqn-ttem \S-t-
-Xmbn hcn-Ibpw sNpI. aqv:- BZy {]hm-N-Is in-W-
s-n-t\m-m ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp a\p-jy-Zr-jvSnt Ign-bm-Xpq. e-Ime ]cn-
an-Xn-I-Xo-X-\mb ssZhw A-s\-b.
2. Ckvemw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amWv. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-m-Is am-an. ]ucm-
WnI a\p-jys AtX aqi-bn-s-bmWv a\p-jy-scmw hm-s-n-cn-p-
Xv. a\p-jys auenI {]Ir-Xnv am-an.
3. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-n imiz-Xn-I-X-bp-sSbpw am-n-sbpw LS-I-n-S-bn
kp-c-amb Hcp kao-I-c-W-apv. Fmw imiz-X-a. Fmw am-n\v hnt[-b-hp-
a. ASn-m\ {]am-W-fpw auen-I-aq-ey-fpw ams kzoI-cn-p-I-bn.
_mly-cq-]--fmWv Ime-n-\-\p-k-cnv amdp-Xv. ]cn-K-W-\o-b-amb Nne Xz-
-fpsS shfn--n amn-bn-p-Xpw Ah-Xs. imiz-Xn-IX, amw Ch cn-
sbpw Bh-iy- Ckvemw \nhn-n-pv. Ckvem-ans imizX Xz--
fmWv Jp-B-\nepw kp-n-ep-ap-Xv. AXXv Imes Bh-iy--f-\p-k-cnv
Ah {]tbm-Kn--s-Sp-Xv CPvXn-lm-Zn-eq-sS-bmWv. Pohn-X-ns auenI Xz-
pw imizX aqey-pw A\p-kr-X-ambn a\p-jy-k-aq-l-ns imiz-X-
amb hnIm-k-n--\p-cq-]-amb Ahn-I-e-am-sbmcp hyh sIn--Sp GI-aXw
Ckvem-at{X.
4. imkv{Xo-b-ambn t\mn-bmepw `qan-bn a\p-tjym]n DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp-
sh AtX-bp-K-n-emWv a\p-jy Cpw Pohn-p-Xv. a\pjy Pohn-X-ns
{]kvXpX Xe-n ]d-b- bmsXmcp amhpw kw`-hn-n-n. \mK-cn-I-X-I
DZv`-hn-p-Ibpw AkvX-an-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kwkvIm-c- \ms-Sp-p-Ibpw
Nc-a-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. km{am-Py- P-sa-Sp-p-Ibpw Nm-em-hp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Fnepw, Imew {]m]-nI ]cn-Wm-a-ns al-mb irwJ-e-bn
]Xn-hn]Sn \ne-sIm-pp. AXn-\m \qm-p-Ip apv \I-s-smcp
\nba kwlnX Imew sNptmdpw A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn-ocpw F hmZw ASn-
m-\-c-ln-Xhpw A_--P-Sn-e-hp-amWv.
* \_n(k)]d-bpp: F\n-p-tijw C\n-sbmcp {]hm-N-I Dm-Ip-X.'' asm-
cn- Atlw ]dp: ""Fsbpw F\nv app--h-cp-sSbpw D]-a-bn-XmWv:
Hcm Hcp ancw ]WnXp. AXns\ kp-chpw kp`-K-hp-amn. ]t, Hcp aqe--
ns m\w Hgn-hm-n-shp. P\- AXns\ {]Z-nWw shp-Ibpw
AXns at\m-lm-cn-X-bn AZv`pXw Iqdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fp-sImv Hcp Ip-
IqSn shn F-h tNmZnp. B Iv Rm\m-Ipp. Rm\t{X, Ay-{]-hm-N-
I.'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw).-
JpinZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-n\v am{X-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw AXn-\m ap

kap-Zm-b-v thsd {]hm-N-I Bh-iy-ambn hcn-Ibpw sNpI.*
Cu aqp Imc-W--fn-sem-p-t]mepw Ctm-g-h-ti-jn-p-n.
Hm-a-Xmbn, apl--Zv\_nbpsS A[ym-]-\- Cpw kpc-n-
Xhpw kPo-hh - p-ambn \ne-\np-pv. At-l- ns auenI hnizm-
k-Ia--sf-sm-s-bm-bn-cpp; \ntZi--sf-m-bn-cpp; Atlw
\S-m-nb PohnX coXn-tbXv; \in-n--h-tbXvXpS-nb Imcy-
GX-hk - c
-
- nepw \njv{]-bmkw a\-n-em-p-X
- n\p amK- kpc-
n-X-ambn \ne-hn-epv. B \nev XZzn-j-b-I-ambn asmcp {]hm-
N-Is Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-n. cm-a-X-mbn, apl--Zv\_n aptJ\
temI-n\v Ckvem-ans ]cn-]qW inWw \I-s-n-cn-pp.
C\n-b-Xn hXpw Iqp-Itbm Ipd-bvp-Itbm sNt--Xn. t`Z-
K-Xnbpw Bh-iy-an. asmcp {]hm-N-I hv ]cn-l-cn-t Hcp
\yq\Xbpw AXn-n. AXn-\m, cm-as Imc-Whpw \ne-hn-
en.** aqm-a-Xmbn, Xncp-ta\n Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-nt\m cmjv{S-
nt\m am{X- a , kh temI- n- \ p- a p {]hm- N - I - \ m- b n- mWv
\ntbm-Kn-X-\m-bXv. kIe a\p-jypw At-lns in-Ww-
Xs [mcmfw aXn. AXn-\m, C\n Hcp kap-Zmb-nt\m cmPy-
nt\m thn Hcp {]hm-N-I htc Bhiyw Ah-ti-jn-p-
n. Xqew aqm-as Imc-W-n\pw {]k-n-bn.
CXp-sIm-mWv apl--Zv\_n(k)sb hnip--Jp-B ""Jm-
ap--_n-o''Fv hnti-jn-n-n-p-Xv. "{]hm-N-IXz ]c-c Ah-
km-\n-n--h' Fm-W-Xn-Yw.* C\n, apl--Zv\-_n-bpsS amKw
kzbw ]np- S - c p- I bpw temIs AXn- t ev Wn- p- I bpw
sNp Hcp P\-X-bm-Wm-hiyw. apl--Zv\_n sImp-h \nb-a-
\S-m-p Hcp hyh m]n-p--Xn-\mbn kh-hn[
XymK-fpw hcn-m k--X-bp Hcp P\X.

hnizmkImcy-
hnizm-k -Im-cy--fn-tev IS-p--Xn\p apmbn Ign A[ym-
*Ckvem-ans kmt-XnI `mj-bn"ico-Av'.
 Ckvemw

b--fn {]Xn-]m-Zn Imcy- Hp-IqSn ]cn-tim-[nmw.

1. "Ckvem-ans AYw ssZh-n-\p A\p-k-cWw, Iogvh-
Ww Fsm-s-bmWv. ssZh-ns k, KpW-, ssZh-
amKw, ]c- t emIw Fn- h - s b- p- d nv icn- b mb m\anmsX
"Ckvemw' Dsm-m-\m-hn. Cu m\w ssZh-ns {]hm-N-
I-m aptJ\ am{Xta e`nq. Atm, "Ckveman's icn-bmb
\nh-N\w"{]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\--fn hniz-kn-p-sImpw {]hm-NI
amXrI ]n]-n-smpw ssZh-Zm-k-\mbn Pohn-pI' Fm-bn-o-
cpp. {]hm-N-Is klm-b-an-msX t\cnv ssZhs A\p-k-cn-
pp Fv hmZn-p--h Hcn-epw apkven-a.
2. apIm-e--fn Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-nepw shtsd {]hm-N-I-
m hp-sIm-n-cppHtc kap-Zm-b-ns Hcmv tijw
asm-cm F \ne-bn. Am-ev, Hmtcm kap-Zm-bs kw_-
npw "Ckvemw' FXv AXXv kap-Zm-b-nse {]hm-N-I-m
Ah-cn {]t_m-[\w sNbvX aX-ns t]cm-bn-cpp. Ckvem-ans
auenI Xz- Fm Imepw Fm cmPypw Hp-Xs
Bbn-cp-p-sh-nepw \nba-hy-h--Ifpw Bcm-[-\m-amK-fpw* hn`n-
--fm-bn-cpp. AXn-\m, Hcp kap-Zm-b-n\v B kap-Zm-b-n-
tev \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb {]hm-N-I-m-cn am{Xta hniz-kn-t-n-bn-
cp-pq. CXc kap-Zm-b--fnse {]hm-N-I-msc A\p-K-an-t
Bhiyapm-bn-cp-n.
3. apl--Zv\_n, Fm a\p-jy-k-aq-l-p-ap {]hm-N-I-\mbn
\ntbm-Kn--s-Sp-Ibpw Atlw aptJ\ Ckvemw ]qo-I-cn--s-
Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sSmw temI-n\v apgp-h-\p-ambn Htc "ico-
Av' \I-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sSmw temI-n\v apgp-h-
\p-ambn Htc \nb-a-hy-h \I-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. apl--Zv\-
_n-bpsS ZuXyw Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-nt\m Hcp {]tXyI cmPy-
nt\m D-X. Hcp {]tXyI Ime-tv am{X-hp-a. adnv, apgp-
h a\p-jy-hw-i-n\pap-XmWv; Fm Ime-t-p-ap--XmWv.
ap {]hm-N-I-m sIm-p-h ico-A-p-I-sfmw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS
BK-a-\-tmsS Zp_-e-sp. C\n temIm-h-km\w hsc asmcp
{]hm-N-I hcn. ssZh-n-\nv asmcp PohnX ]Xn Ah-
 Ckvemw

semw hniz-kn-p-Ibpw, At-l-ns B-I ssZh-n-s-

Xm-sWv k-Xnv Ahsb khm-fl\m A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-
-Xn-\mWv Cv "Ckvemw' Fv ]d-bp-Xv. apkven-am-Ip-hm \n_-
-]qhw hniz-kn-t-tXm, hniz-kn-m-Xn-cp-m Im^n-dm-bn-tm-
Ip-sav `b-t-tXm Bb Hcp {]hm-N-I\pw C\n hcm-\n.
C{Xbpw Imcy--fmWv ap A[ym-b-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-Xv. C\n,
apl--Zv\_n hniz-kn-m-\m-h-iy-s Imcy--sf-spw Ah F{X-
am{Xw bpn`{Z-am-sWpw At\z-jnmw.
ssZh-n-ep hnizmkw
apl--Zv\_nbpsS {]Y-ahpw auen-I-hp-amb A[ym-]\w "emC-
eml C-mlp' F-Xs{X. Am-lp-h-msX thsd Hcn-em-lp-an
FmWo hmIy-n-\Yw. Ckvem-ans ASn-m-\-amWo hmIyw.
Hcp apkv e n- a ns\ Ahn- i zm- k n- b n\npw _lp- s sZh hnizm- k n-
bn\npw \mkvXn-I-\n\npw thXn-cn-p-\np-Xv Cu hmIy-
amWv. Cu hmIyw k-Xn-p--hcpw \ntj-[n-p--hcpw Xn
`oa-amb hyXymkw Dm-bn-o-cpp. AXv k-Xn-p--h Hcp
hn`m-Khpw \ntj-[n-p--h asmcp hn`m-Khpambn-am-dpp. AXv
kzoI-cn-p--hv Cl]c-tem-I--fn hnP-bhpw tam-hp-apv.
Xnc-kvI-cn-p--hm-Is ]cm-P-bhpw lo\-Xzhpw am{Xhpw.
a\p- j yn- S - b n kwPm- X - a m- I p Cu h Acw "emw',
"Aen^v', "lm' Fo A-c- IqSn-t Hcp ]Zw D-cn-p-
-Xns am{Xw ^e-a. "Iz\o' F ]Zw ew XhW Dcp-hn-
An-bpsS {]Ir-Xn-sb-p-dn hnizm-kw ASp-n ssIbn-Sp--
hnip hmIy-ns AYw
BZy-ambn "Cemlv' F ]Zw FSp-pI. "C_m-Z-n-l-\m-
b-h' Fm-W-Xn-Yw. kthm-]-cn-bmb {]Xm] in-bp-sS-bpw
Hu-Xy-n-sbpw ASn-m-\-n Bcm-[n--s-Sp-hm\pw A\p-
k-cn--s-Sp-hm\pw ASn-a-hrn sN-s-Sp-hm\pw `b-`n _lp-
am- \ - - t fmsS inc- p- I Ip\n- - s - S p- h m\pw Al- X - b p- - h
Fv kmcw. a\p-jy-_p-nsb A-c-n----hn[w hn]p-e-amb
inamlm- fl y- a p- - h F AYhpw "Cemlv ' F ]Zw
Dsm-pp. temI-nse kIe hkvXp-fpw B{i-bn-p--
 Ckvemw

h\pw kI-ecpw klm-b-aYn-p--h\pw AtXm-sSmw Bcp-sSbpw

B{ibw Bh- i y- a n- m- - h \pw Bb in F Bi- b hpw
"Cemln'eS-n-bn-pv. AZr-iy F AYhpw AXn-e-`-hnp
InS-pp. a\p-tjy-{n-b-v ImWm Ign-bm hn[w Ign-hp-
I tKm]y-am-bn-cn-p--h-s\bpw "Cemlv' Fp ]dbpw. t]jy\n
"JpZm' Fpw lnn-bn "tZhX' Fpw Cwo-jn "tKmUv'Fpw
]d-bp--Xns AYhpw GXmv CXp Xs. temI-nse CXc
-`m-j-I-fnepw Cu Bibw [z\n-n-p-hm {]tXyIw hmp-I-fpv.*
"Amlp' F ]Zw GIssZh-n-\p {]tXyI \ma-amWv.
Atm "em Ceml C- mlp' F hmIy- ns AYw
Amlp F t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb GI-ssZ-h-sam-gnv thsdmcp "Cem-
ln' Fmbn. AXm-bXv, ]qP-l-\mbn Am-lp-h-msX am-
cp-an. Bcm-[\, ASn-a-hrn, A\p-k-cWw Fo cq]-nepw Xe-
Ip-\n--s-Sp-hm Al-\mbn Ah-\-msX am-cp-an; DS-a-\pw
hn[n-Imhpw Ah am{X-amWv; kIe hkvXp-fpw Ahs
B{in-X-cmWv. kI-ecpw Ah-t\mSv am{Xw klm-b-aYn-m \n_-
n- X - c mWv . Ah AZr- i y- \ mWv . - CsXm- s - b m- W - X p- s Im- p
hnh.
C\n AXns s]mcp-sf-m-sWv ]cn-tim-[nmw. ]pcm-X\ Ncn-
{Xhpw ]ucm-WnI P\-X-Xn-I-fpsS kvamcI Nn-fpw \s ]Tn-
n-p Hcp hkvXp-X-bpv: a\p-jy Fm-epw ssZh-n
hniz-knv AXns\ Bcm-[n-n-cp-p-sh--Xm-WXv. Cv Pohn-p
]cn-jvIr-Xcpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-cp-amb kap-Zm-b--sfm-sbpw GtXm
coXn-bn ssZh-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ssZhs Bcm-[n-p--h-cp-amWv.
CXv ssZh-s-p-dn-p Nn a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn \neo-\-amb
Hm-sWv hy-am-pp. Hcp insb ssZh-ambn kzoI-cnv
AXns\ Bcm-[n-p-hm \n_-n-p Hcp t{]cI in a\p-
jy-\n {]IrXym Xs-bpv. FmWv Cu t{]c-I-in? kzw
Akv X n- X z- s bpw ap a\p- j y- c psS ]cn- X x- n- X n- I - s fbpw
kkqvaw ]Tn-m B tNmZy-n-p-cw ImWmw.

* DZm-l-c-W-ambn {Kov `mj-bn s Fpw emn-\n Fpw tKmn-

n u Fpw Pa\n Fpw BWv ]d-bpI(Fssk-tm-]o-Unb
{_nm-\n, hmfyw 10, t]Pv 46, NnmtKm1056)
 Ckvemw

a\p-jy bYmY-n Hc-Sn-a-bm-bn-mWv P\n-p-Xv. Ah

aYn-p-hm Ahs\ Dp-I-\m-pp. X\nv \mi-\-jvS-ta-]n-
p in-I-sf-p-dn Adnhv Ah-bpsS tIm]-n\nv c
{]m]n-p--Xn-\p amK- tXSm Ahs\ DZyp--\m-pp.
a\p-jy A-X-bpsS Xmtg ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cn-p-tm inbpw
{]Xm-]-hp-ap--Xmtbm KpW-tZm-j- sNm {]m]vXn-bp--Xmtbm
Ahv tXmp hkvXp-sf ssZh-sav [cn-pp. As\,
{]m]-nI {]Xn-`m-k--fn an-Xn-s\bpw Ah ]qPn-p-Ibpw
Bcm- [ n- p- I bpw sNpp. Fm, m\- a m- I p {]Imiw
hym]np XpS-p--tXmsS Ah-sbmw Xs-tmse Ai-cpw
B{in-Xcpw ASn-a-I-fp-am-sW--h a\-n-em-pp. F{X `oIc
Pphpw Hcp sImXp-In-s\-tmse Np-t]m-Ipp. Hcn- Iqew
Ipn-sbm-gp-Ip h \Zn-I t]mepw asm-cn- hn hcp
t]mIpp. ]h-X-sf a\p-jy Xs CSnv \nc-pp. hr-
e-Xm-Zn-I apf-n-p-I-sb-Xv `qan-bpsS kzw A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-
bn s]-X. Pe-ns kl-I-c-W-an-s-n `qan \n-lm-b-
bmWv. sh-n-p-an tkzm-[n-Imcw. AXv Imns\ B{i-bn-
pp. Imn\pw kzm[n--Im-c-an. AXp-m-hp-Xpw Cm-Xm-hp-Xpw
ap Nne-Xns\ B{i-bn-mWv. kqcyN{\-{XmZn tKmf-fpw
Nne \nb-a-v hnt[-b-amWv. B \nb-a-s-Xn-cmbn H-\-
m t]mepw Ah-bvm-hn. Cs\ Nnn-p a\p-jya\v
AZr-iyhpw cl-ky-hp-amb in-I-fn-tev \on-p-S-pp. Cu
{]Xn- ` m- k - p ]nn Nne AZriy in- I HfnpInS-
pspw Ah-bm-Wn-sXmw \nb-{n-p--sXpw Ah Icp-Xn-
GI ssZh-s-p-dn-p hn`m-h-\-bn ]nsbpw A-X-I
kzm[o\w sNep-n-bn-cnpw. Nne ssZh-n-s\mcp qe-i-cocw
k-]npw. Ah-sm-cn-cn-n-Shpw. AXn-en-cp-v A-h `cn-p-I-
bmWv! ap Nne ssZh-n\v `mcym km-\-sf I]n-pp.
ssZh-n-s-Xmb Hcp km-\ ]c--cbpw. ssZhw a\p-jy-cq-]-n
CS-nsS `qan-bn-en-d-n-h-cp-p-sh-mWv ap Nne-cpsS k]w. {]]-
- a m- I p Cu hyh- k m- b - i me \S- n- h nv ssZhw Fhn- s Stbm
hn{iaw sImp-I-bm-sWv hniz-kn-p--h-cp-apv. C\nbpw Nne,
]pWy-hm-f-m-cp-sSbpw alm-flm--fp-sSbpw ip]mibpw a[y--hp-
an-msX ssZh-km-ao]yw km[y-a-sv sXn--cn-pp. ap Nne
 Ckvemw

ssZh-n\v X-fpsS k-]-n-ep Hcp cq]w \In AXns\

{]Xn- j v T - b mn ]qPn- pp. C- s \- s b- s mw A- X - I !
^etam, Ah ]nsbpw _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-nepw Ahn-izm-k-
nepw Xs IpSp-n-n-S-pp.
""em Ceml Cm''bpsS ]Zhn kthmIr-jvS-amWv. ssZhw
Fm Imepw kzw {]hm-N-I-mp \Inb bYmY m\-
am-WnXv. CtX m\hpwsImmWv BZn-]n-Xm-hmb BZw BK-X-
\m-bXv. CtX m\-amWv C_vdmlow, aqkm, Cukm XpS-nb
{]hm- N - I - mv \I- s - n- c p- Xv . CtX m\- ns shfn-
hpwsImmWv HSp-hn apl-Zv\_nbpw BK-X-\m-bXv. CXv X\n-
a-bm m\-amWv A-X-bpsS Ien-m m\w. {]hm-
N-I-mv \I-s Cu m\-n\npw apJw XncnpIf-
-XmWv P\- _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-nepw hn{Kl ]qP-bnepw
Ahn-izm-k-nepw AI-sp t]mb-Xns tlXp. Cu sNdp-hm-Iy-
n F{X henb bmYmYy-am-W-`-hn-n-p--sXv t\mpI:
1. ZnhyXz hn`m-h\:- AXn-hn-im-e-amb Cu {_lvam-fi-I-Sm-l-
ns DZv ` h]cn- W m- a - - s f- p- d np Nnn- p- t m \psS
akvXnjvw Xfpt]mIpp. Cu {]]w \ap--m-X-amb
Imew apX Nen-p-Xp-S-n-bn-pv. \ap--m-X-am-b -Imew hsc
NenpsImn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. CXn A-an-m krjvSn-I
P\n-pp. A\p-\n-anjw \Sp sImn-cn-p AZv`p-X- a\p-
jy-_p-nsb kw{`-an-n-pp. A-s\-bp Cu {]]--n
ssZh-am-bn-cn-p--hv Nne KpW-hn-ti-j- IqSntb Xocq: Ah
km[y-a. Ah-sbmpw ssZh-a. ImcWw, Znhy-Xz-ns IWnI
t]m-epw Hn-ep-an. Ahbvv Znhy-Xz-n ]p-an. CXmWv ]cn-
ip hmIy-nse BZy-`m-K-amb ""emC-eml''(Hcp ssZh-hp-an)
FXp sImp hnh.
4. Ctm, {]]--nse kIe hkvXp--fn\npw Znhy-
Xzs \ntjw FSp-p-I-fp. C\n \mw k-Xn-t-Xv Fm-
n\p-ap-]cn Hcm-kvXn-Iy-ap-spw Znhy-Xz-ns apgp-h KpW-fpw
Ah-\n am{Xw kt-fn-n-cn-p-p-shpw Ah-s\m-gnsI thsd Hcp
ssZh-hp-an-spw BWv. CXmWv""C-mlp''hne-S-nb Bibw.
CXt{X Ghpw henb m\w. Kth-j-W-\n-co--W- Gsd-
 Ckvemw

tbsd \S-p-tmdpw m\-ns BZy-_n-phpw Ay-_n-phpw

""C- mlp''F kXyw am{X- a m- s Wv \apv t_m[y- a mhpw.
{]] bmYmYy- ]cn-tim-[n-p--Xn-p imkv{X-hn-m-
\o-b--fnse GXp imJ-bn Kth-jWw \S-n-bmepwAXv {]Ir-
Xn-im-kv{Xtam, ck-X-{tam tPymXn-x im-kv{Xtam, `qan-im-kv{Xtam,
Poh- i m- k v { Xtam BIsKth- j Ww ]ptcm- K - a n- p- t mdpw, ""em
Ceml C-mlp''hns kXym-h kqcy-{]-Imiw t]mse sX-
fnp ImWp-Ibpw AXn-ep hnizmkw IqSp-X ZrV-am-hp-Ibpw
sNpw. am{X-a, Cu kXyw \ntj-[np Ign-m ]ns, {]]-
-nse kIe hkvXp-fpw AY-iq-\yhpw {]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-hp-
am-sWv imkv{Xob Kth-j-W-nse Hmtcm Im-sh-nepw t_m[y-
s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw.
GIssZh hnizm-k-ns ^e-
""em Ceml Cm''AwKo-I-cn-p-Xp aqew Pohn-X-n-ep-m-
bn-o-cp kZv^-e--tfh? AXv \ntj-[n-p--Xn-\m a\p-jy
Cl-tem-Ipw ]c-tem-Ipw A[-a\pw ]cm-Pn-X-\p-am-bn-o-cp--
sX-p-sImv?
1. hnip- -hmIyw a\p-jys\ hnim-e-a-\-kvI-\m-pp. ImcWw,
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {kjvSmhpw kh-tem-I--fp-sSbpw DS-a-\pw ]cn-
]m-e-I\pamb Hcp ssZh-n-em-W-h hniz-kn-n-cn-p-Xv. Cu hnizm-
k-n\v tijw {]]--n-ep bmsXmpw Ahv A\y-ambn
tXmp-I-bn. Xsbpw asm hkvXp--fp-sSbpw cn-Xmhv Hcm-fm-
sWpw X-sf-sbmw Htc bP-am-\s Zmk-mcpw Htc cmPm-
hnP-b-n\v Ah-b-msX ap t]mwhgn-I-fn-sv Abm a\-n-
em-pp. ImcWw, Xm hniz-kn-p ssZhw Bcp-sSbpw B{ibw
Bh-iy-an-m--h-\mWv; BtcmSpw {]tXyI _-an-m--h-\mWv;
\njv]-\pw \nkzmYn-bp-amWv; \oXn-am-\mWv. ]c-a-i--\mWv. Znhy-
Xz-n ampw Hcp ]pw A\p-h-Zn-m--h-\mWv. AXn-\m,
Bfl-ip-nbpw ka-hp-a-msX, Xs cpw hnP-b-n\pw
ap hgn-I-fn. Fm, _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw Ahn-izm-kn-
I- s fbpw hymP- { ]- X o- - I fpw hymtam- l - - f p- a mWv \bn- p- Xv .
ssZh-]p-{X-m X-mbn kzbw _en-bn-p-sa-mWv Nne-
cpsS hnizmkw. ap Nne, X ssZh-ns {]nb-s--hcpw
 Ckvemw

ASp _p- - f p- a m- s Wv Icp- X pp. AXn- \ m, Hcn- epw

ssZhw Xsf inn-p-I-bn. alm-flm- Xp thn
ssZh-tmSv ip]mi sNp-sa-mWv thsd Nne-cpsS hnizmkw.
tZh-X-Iv Nne hgn-]m-Sp-I sImSp-m ]ns Fpw {]hn-
p-hm-\p ssekkmbn FmWv thsd Nne-cpsS [mcW. ]m]-
-fnepw ZpjvIa--fnepw AI-s-SpI am{X-amWv Ccw hymP-
hn-izm-k--fpsS ^ew. Ah Bfl-ip-o-I-c-W-n\npw k-
a--fn\npw {i Xncn-p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. \mkvXn-I-cm-Is,
kzw ZpjvIr-Xy-sf tNmZyw sNp Hcm-kvXn-Iy-n hniz-kn-
p-t-bn. Xn-anw kh-X-{-kz-X-{-cmWv Xsf-h Icp-
Xpp. tZtl--I-fm-W-h-cpsS ssZh-. Ah Ah-bpsS Zmk-mcpw.
5. hnip hmIyw a\p-jyv Bibpw {]Xo-bpw \Ipp. \ncm-
i Ahs\ _m[n-p-Itb C. ImcWw, {]]--nse kh-`-fim-c-
-fp-sSbpw DS-a--\mWv Ah hniz-kn-p ssZhw. Ah kh-
\pw HuZm-cy-hm\pw kh-i--\p-amWv. Cu hnizmkw Ahv
Akm-[m-c-W-amb a\x-im-nbpw kwXr-]vXnbpw {]Zm\w sNpp. Ah-
s lrZ-b-n kZm {]Xym-i-Ifpw {]Xo--Ifpw \nd-n-cnpw.
kIe Ihm-S-fpw sImn-b-S-bv--s-mepw PohnX amK- Hsm-
mbn \jvS-s-mepw ssZhw Xs ssIsbm-gn-n. ssZh-ns
HuZm-cy-nepw in-bnepw hnizm-k-an-p-sImv ]pXnb {]Xo--
I-tfmsS, {]Xym-i-I-tfmsS Abm A[zm-\n-p-sIm-n-cnpw. Cu
a\x-imn {]Zm\w sNp-hm ssZh-hn-izm-k-n-msX km[y-
a. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-Is Akz--Nn--cm-bn-cnpw. Ah icWw
{]m]n-p-Xv _e-lo-\-amb AkvXn-Xz--fn-emWv. Xqew B]-8.
Xm]cyw. Cu hnizmkw F{X-Iv CuSp--Xm-Ip-pthm A{X-
Iv a\p-jy ssZh-im-k-\-I-f-\p-k-cn-p--Xn Bthiw sImp-
- X mWv . ssZhw \ntcm- [ n kwK- X n- I - t fmSv ASp- m t]mepw
Abm ss[cy-s-Sp-I-bn. \nim--Im-c-ns GIm--Xbnepw
Ah ssZhnI imk-\-I \nhnLv\w \nh-lnpw. ImcWw,
Hcp \nanjw t]mepw hnpt]mIm Hcp Xcw cl-ky-tm-eo-kp-Im-
cpv, Abm-tfm-sSmw. Hcp \oXn-\ym-b-tm-S-Xn-sb-p-dn `oXn kZm
Abmsf Ae-n-sm-n-cn-pp. B tImS-Xn-bpsS "hmdn'\nv
HmSn c- s - S pI Akm- [ y- a m- s W- - b m- d nbmw. Cm- c Ww
 Ckvemw

sImmWv apkvenw BIp-hm-\p Hm-as \n_-\ ]cn-ip--

hm-Iy-n-ep hnizm-k-amWv Fv ]d-bp-Xv. "apkven'ans AYw
ssZh-tmSv ]qW-ambpw A\p-k-c-W-ap ASna FmWv. GI-
ssZ-h-a-msX asm-cm-cm-[y-\p-an Fv ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-m
Ime-tmfw Ahv ssZh-tmSv A\p-k-c-W-ap--h-\m-bn-o-cpI
km[y-a-tm.
apl- Zv \ _n(k)bpsS A[ym- ] - \ - - f n Cu GI- s sZh
hnizmkw Ghpw {]m[m-\y-aln-p-Xpw auen-I-hp-amWv. Ckvem-
ans tI{-_n-phpw Ap-X-p-am-WXv. AXns Fm in-I-fp-
sSbpw Dd-hn-S-hp-a-XmWv. AXns BZi hnizm-k-fpw \nb-a-im-
k-\-Ifpw ]Sp--s-n-cn-p-Xv B hnizm-k-n-t-emWv. AtX
Ap-X-n-t-emWv Ah-sbmw Id-p-Xv. AtX tI{-_n-p-
hn\nmWv AXn\v in e`n-p-Xv. AXns\ Xn-\o-n-bm
]ns ""Ckvemw'' F Hn.
ae-p-If
- n-ep hnizmkw
GIssZh hnizm-k-n\p tijw apl-Zv\_n hniz-kn-p-hm-
\m- m- ] n cm- a s Imcyw ae- p- I - f n- e p hnizm- k - a mWv .
_lp- s sZhhnizm- k - ns Ien\nv GI- s sZ- h - h n- i zmkw
kwip--am-bn-o-cp-sa--Xm-Wn-Xns {][m-\-^ew.
cp-Xcw krjvSn-I-sf-bmWv _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I Znhy-Xz-
n ]p-tNn-p-Xv. Hv: qe ico-c--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb krjvSn-
I kqcy, N{, \-{X-, An, shw, a\p-jy apX-
em-bh. cv: PUm-kvXn-Xz-an-m AZr-iy-i-n-IIm-Sn-n-p-
h, ag s]n-p-h, {]Imiw \Ip-h XpS-n-bh. BZy-hn-
`m-K-ns-h Zriy-h-kvXp--fm-b-Xn-\m, Ah-bpsS ZnhyXzw ]cn-
ip hmIyw-sImv Xs- XnckvI-cnmw. cm-as hn`m-K-n
s]h AZr- i ym- k v X n- X z- - f mWv . Acw Akv X n- X z- - s f- b mWv
_lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I an-hmdpw ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-p-Xv. Ah-sb-p-
dn-mWv Ah ssZh--sfpw tZh-X-I-sfpw ssZh-k-m-\--
sfpw [cnphim- b n- c n- p- Xpw. Ah- b psS k]- c q- ] - - f p-
mn Ah ]qP-Ifpw hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw \S-pp. Xn-anw _lp-
ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-ns Cu cmw C\-n \npw GI-ssZ-h-kn-
 Ckvemw

m-s ]cn-c-n-p-hm hnizm-k-]-c-amb Hcp {]tXyI kwKXn

\ntZ-in-n-cn--bmWv.
Cu hnj-b-I-ambn apl-Zv\_nbpsS A[ym-]\w C{]-Im-c-amWv:
tZh-X-Ifpw ssZ-h-fpw ssZh-k-m-\--fp-ambn sXn--cn--s-Sp
Cu AZriy {]Xn-`m-k- bYmY-n ssZh-ns ae-p-I-fmWv.
Ahv Znhy-Xz-n Hcp ]p-an. Ah-scmw ssZh-ns Bm-
\p-hn-I am{X-amWv. ssZh-im-k-\-I-fn\nv A]w t]mepw
hyXn-N-en-pI Ahv km[y-a. Ah aptJ-\-bmWv ssZhw {]]-
-am-Ip Xs km{amPyw `cn-p-Xv. Ah-cm-Is ssZh-im-k-\-I
k\n-jvIjw \nd-th-p-Ibpw sNpp. kzbw hXpw sNp-hm-\-h
i-c. kzw in-{]-tbm-Knv ssZh-k-n-[n-bn hXpw Bh-
iy-s-Sm\pw Ahv Ign-bn. h-hpwthn ssZh-tmSv ip]mi-
sN-m-\p-am-hn. a\p-jy Ahsc Bcm-[n-p-Xpw Ah-tcmSv klm-
b-aYn-p-Xpw F{Xbpw em-h-l-amWv. ImcWw, BZy-L--n
s ssZhw Ah-sc-smv a\p-jy-]n-Xm-hmb BZ-ans apn
kmjvSmwKw \an-n-p-I-bp-mbn. Ahv \Im m\w BZ-
an\v \In. `qan-bnse {]mXn-\n[yw BZ-an\v \In. Fn-cns, ae-
p-I apv BcpsS apn kmjvSmwKw \an-pthm B a\p-jy
Cv Ah-cpsS apn kmjvSmwKw \an-p-Ibpw `b-`-n-tbmsS Ah-
tcmSv ssI\o-n-bn-c
- p-Ib
- p-am-sW-n AXn ]cw lo\Xzw as-pv?
Hcp hiv ae-p-Isf Bcm-[n-p-Xpw Ahsc Znhy-Xz-n
]m-fn-I-fm-p-Xpw XS-bp-tm adp-h-iv apl-Zv \_n C{]-
Imcw Adn-bn-pp: ae-p-I ssZh-ns {]tXyI krjvSn-I-
Ifpw ImWmw.
1. ap{K- - - f n an- X n- s bpw bYmY {]Xn- I
\inpt]mbn-cn-pp. ]cn-`m-j-I am{X-amWv Cv Ah-ti-jn-p-
Xv. Fm, ]cn-ip--Jp-B AX-h-X-cn AtX `mj-bnepw
]Z- - f n- e p- a mbn X\n- a - t bmsS Cpw temIv nXn- s N- pp.
AXn Hc--c-np t]mepw Hcp amhpw kw`-hn-n-n.
2. ap{K---fn ssZh-hm-Iy-smw P\- kzw
hmIy-fpw Iqn-tp. Htc {K-nXs, ssZh-hm-Iy-fpw
P\-X-bpsS Ncn-{Xhpw ]qhn-I-cpsS IY-Ifpw ]fin-X-cpsS hymJym-
 Ckvemw

\- fpw Ia- i m- k v { X- \ n- b - a - - f p- s amw IqSn- p- g p InS- p- I -

bmWv. Ah-bn\nv ssZh hmIy- thXn-cn-s-Sp-pI Hcp
\nepw km[y-a. Fm, hnip--Jp-B-\n ssZh-hm-Iy-tf
Dq. A\y- h m- p- I - f psS Iev t]mepw AXn- e n. Jp- B
hymJym\w, \_n-h-N-\-, Ia-im-kv{X-\n-b-a-, \_n-N-cn{Xw,
A\p-N-c-m-cpsS Pohn-X-Ncy, apkvenw Ncn{Xw Fo hnj-b--fn-
ep cN-\-I-sfmw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw {K--fn-emWv. Ah-bn-
ep Hcp hmp-t]mepw Jp-B-\p-ambn Iept]mIp {]iv\-
an.
3. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b--fpsS ]-env ImWp aX-{K--
Nne {]hm-N-I-m-tcmSv tNp]d-bp-pv. Fm, B {]hm-N-
I Xs-bm-WXv sImp-h--sXv m]n-m ]p Ncn{X]c-
amb tcJ-I-sfmpw e`y-a. Nne aX-{K-- GXv Imev, GXv
{]hm-N-I--h-X-cnp Fp-t]mepw ]d-bpI km[y-a. Fm, hnip-
-Jp-Bs\ apl-Zv\_n-tbmSv _n-n-p--Xn Bcpw kwi-
bn-p-n. AXn-p Ncn-{X-km-y- A{Xbpw ihpw A\n-
tj-[y-hp-amWv. Jp-B-\nse Hmtcm hmIyhpw Ftm FhnsS Ah-
X-cnp Fp-t]mepw \njv{]-bmkw Adn-bm Ignbpw.
4. ap{K---f-h-X-cn `mj-I hf-sc-m-e-ambn arX-`m-j-I-
fm-bn-n-S-pp. Ah-bnv Bcp-sSbpw kwkm-c-`m-j-b. Ah {Kln-
p--h t]mepw hncfw. Acw `mj-I-fn-ep {K- Cv
kmm cq]-n-ep-m-bm Xs, Ah-bnse Bibw {Klnv AX-
\p-[m-h\w sNpI km[y-a. Fm, Jp-Bs `mj Cpw Hcp
Poh`m-j-bmWv. tImSn--W-n-\m-fp-I-fpsS amXr-`m-j-bp-am-WXv.
IqSmsX, At\-I-tImSn A\y-`m-j-m B `mj ]Tn-p-Ibpw Bib
hn\n-abw \S-p-Ibpw sNpp. temI-ns \m\m `mKpw AXv
A`y-kn-nv hcpp. \njv{]-bmkw ]Tn-m-hp `mj-bm-WXv. h-
hpw ]Tn-m-\-h-kcw e`n--nsns, Jp-Bs Bibw
{Kln [mcmfw Bfp-Isf Fhn-sSbpw Inpw.
5. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b--fpsS aX-{K---sfmw Hcp {]tXyI P\-k-
aq-l-s-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNp-Xv. Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L--
ns Bh-iy- \nh-ln-p-I-bm-Wh sNbvXXv. Ah-bn-e-S-nb
hn[n-hn-e-p-I Cs Npp-]m-Sn A{]-k---fmWv; A{]m-tbm-
 Ckvemw

Kn-Ihpw. CXn\nv, B {K- Hcp {]tXyI kml-N-cy-n\pw

\nnX Ime-L--n\pw am{Xw D-Xm-bn-cpp Fp {Klnmw.
Fm hnip Jp-B-\m-Is, a\p-jy-s\-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\
sNp-Xv. Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-bs am{Xw Dt-in-p--XmWv Jp-
B Fv tXmn-p Hcp hmp-t]mepw AXn ImWp-I-bn.
AXns imk-\-I GXv epw GXv ]cn-Xx-n-Xn-bnepw {]mtbm-
Kn-I-hp-amWv. hnip Jp-B apgp-h temI-n-p-ap imizX
{K-amWv Fv CXv hy-am-pp.
6. ap{K---fn-semw [man-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb Nne
D]-tZ-i- AS-n-bn-pv. kmmKnI Xz--fpv. ssZh-ln-
X- n- s \mv PohnXw \bn- p- - X n- \ p amK- \ ntZi- a pv .
Fm, Ah-bn-sempw apgp-h Imcy-fpw Hmbn kam-l-cn--
s-n-n. Cu khn-ti-jX hnip Jp-B-p-am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s--
XmWv. CXc {K--fn shtsd InS-n-cp hninjvS KpW--
sfmw Jp-B-\n Hmbn tiJ-cn--s-n-cn-pp. ap{K--
hnp-I-f--hbpw Jp-B-\n-epv.
7. ap{K---fn-semw a\p-jy-cpsS CS-s]-S aqew kXy-hn-cp-
hpw bpn-lo-\-hp-amb Imcy- IS-p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-pp. ]e Bi-
b-fpw A{I-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw BWv. BZihnizmk Ia-sf
Zpjn-n-p--h-bp-apv. Nne {K--fn thpw kt`y-X-c-hp-amb
kwK-Xn-I t]mepw ImWmw. Fm, hnip--Jp-B Acw amen-
* ss\cmiyw Df-hm-p AXn-Zm-cp-W-amb Ah--sb-p-dnv Htc-I-tZi Nn{Xw
e`n-m an. tImfn hnk cNn 'THE OUTSIDE' F IrXn t\mpI.
Cn-jb-n s{]m. tPmUns A\p-`h k -- m-yhpw {it-b-amWv. ]mm-Xy-sc-
p-dnv Atlw Fgp-Xpp: ""Ncn-{X-n BZy-ambn kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m-cpsS Hcp
]pXnb Xe-apd cwK-{]-thiw sNbvXn-cn-pp. Ahv aX-an; aX-ns Bh-
iy-hp-an. aXs Xopw Ah-K-Wn-p--Xn kwXr-]vX-cm-W-h. Xn-anw
Ahv a\x-ka - m-[m\w \jvSs
- -n-cn-pp. Ahn-Sb - n Bfl-lX- y-bpsS A\p-
]mXw Akm-[m-cWamw hn[w h[n-n-cn--bmWv. (THE PRESENT AND FUTURE
OF RELIGION)
Ckvem-anI temIs nXn-b-dn-bm Ckvem-an-t\mSv A{X-sbmpw aa-X-bn-m
Hc-apkvenw Ncn-{X-Im-cs A`n-{]m-b- Xs-sb-Spmw: ""khm-Xn-im-bn-bmb
Hcp in-bpsS Ana Xon-ep D-S-amb hnizm-k-apsm-p hnp-
ho-gvN-bn-m GI-ssZ-h-hm-Z-amWv Ckvem-ans kh-i-npw \nZm-\-am-bn-p-
Xv. A\y-a-X--]-cn-Nn-X-amb AW at\m`m-hhpw a\-w-Xr-]vXnbpw
Ckvem-ans A\p-bm-bn-I A\p-`-hn-pp. apkvenw \mSp-I-fn Bfl-lXy
hfsc hnc-f-amWv. ( PHILIP. K. HITTY, HISTORY OF ARABS, 1951, P. 129) -
JpinZv AlvaZv
 Ckvemw

\y--fn \nsmw ]cn-ip--amWv. Ak-Xytam bpn-hn-cp-tam

Bb bmsXmpw AXn-en. AXn-ep Hcp kwK-Xnbpw sXfn-hp-
Ifpw aqkm- \ _n, Cukm- \ _n XpS- n- b - h - c psS Imcy- n- s e
t]mse, Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-fpw ]nKm-an-I Zpjn-n--Xmhmw.
AXn-\m, \mw A`n-{]mbw hXpw {]I-Sn-n-p-p-sh-n Ah-
cpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c--sf-p-dnv am{Xta BImhq. aX-t\-Xm--sf-
p-dnv au\-a-h-ew-_n-Ww. Cs-n Nne-tm \mw Adn-bmsX
`n-pXv Hcp bYmY {]hm-N-Is\ BsWv hcmw.
apl-Zv\_nsbtmse ap {]hm-N-I-mcpw kXy-k--cm-bn-
cpp; ssZh-m \ntbm-Kn--s--h-cm-bn-cpp; Ckvem-anI amKw
ImWnp sImSp- - h - c m- b n- c pp. Cm- c y- - f n- s empw apl-
Zv \ _nbpw ap {]hm- N - I - mcpw Xn A- c - s am- p- a n- .
Fm, aqp Imcy--fn hyXym-k-apv.
1. ap {]hm-N-I-m-scmw Hmtcm {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-n-tepw
Hcp \nnX Ime-tpw am{X-ambn \ntbm-Kn--s--h-cm-bn-cpp.
Fm, apl-Zv apgp-h a\p-jy-cm-in-p-ambn Fs-t-p-ap
{]hm-N-I-\m-bn-mWv ssZhw Ab-Xv. Cmcyw Ign A[ym-b-
n khn-iZw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-htm.
2. ap{]-hm-N-I-m-cpsS in-W- Xotc A{]-Xy--am-bn-
-gn-p. hXpw tijn-p-s-ns Ah bYmY cq]-n
kpc- n- X - a mbn \ne- \ npn. Ah- c psS PohnX Ncy- I fpw
bYmY cq]-n Cs-hn-sSbpw e`y-a. Ah-sbmw sIp-I-Y-
Ifpw CXn-lm-k--fp-ambn cq]w amdn-tmbn. Xqew Ah-cpsS Ncy
]np-S-cpI C-km-[y-amWv. XnIpw hyXy-kvX-amWv apl-Zv\_n-
bpsS nXn. At-l-ns A[ym-]-\-fpw Pohn-X-N-cybpw D]-
tZ-i-fpw {]h-\-ssi-enbpw kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-samw
Cv kpc-n-X-am-b-h-ti-jn-p-pv. At-l-s-p-dnv Adn-bm-
\p-t-in-p Fpw \ap-nv e`y-amWv. XZ-Sn-m-\-n Cv
"Pohn-n-cn-p' GI {]hm-N-I apl-Zv\_n am{X-amWv. At-
ls am{Xta \ap-nv A\p-K-an-m km[nq.
3. ap {]hm-N-I-m-cpsS {]mtbm-KnI in-W- Xmm-en-
Ihpw A]qW-hp-am-bn-cpp. Hmtcm {]hm-N-Ipw tijw hcp--
 Ckvemw

bm apKm-an-bpsS \nb-a-hn-[n-Ifpw Ia-\ntZ-i-fpw ]cn-jvI-

cnp. Cu ]cn-jvI-cWw Am-e--fn \nc-cw \S-n-cpp. CXp-
sIm-mWv Ah-cpsS in-W-v ssZhw imiz-Xn-IXzw \Im-
Xn- c p- Xv . Xmc- X - t ay\ ]qW- a mb Hcp hyh Dm- b n- c ns,
A]qW-amb aphy-h--I Bh-iy-an-tm. Ah-km\w apl-
Zv\_n aptJ\ Fm-nepw ]cn-]qWhpw imiz-X-hp-amb Hcn-kvem-
anI hyh \I-sp. AtXm-sS kIe ap-Ime {]hm-N-I-m-
cp-sSbpw Ia-amK- kzbw Zp_-e-sp. ImcWw, ]cn-]qW-
am-b-Xn-cns A]qW-am-bXv kzoI-cn-p-I-sb-Xv bpnhncp--
amWv. Ctm apl-Zv\_nsb A\p-K-an-p--h bYmY-n
apgp-h {]hm-N-Iam-sc-bp-am-W-\p-K-an-p-Xv. ImcWw, ap{]-hm-
N-I-m-cpsS A[ym-]-\--fn-ep-m-bn-cp apgp-h \-Ifpw apl-
Zv\_n-bp-tS-Xn-epv. Fm, apl-Zv\_nsb hnv ap{]-hm-N-
I-m-cn h-h-scbpw A\p-K-an-p--hv Gsd \-I \jvS-s-
p-t]mIpw. ImcWw, ]nm-ev e`n \-I apin--W--
fn-ep-m-hn-tm.
Cm-c-W--fm apl-Zv\_nsb am{Xw A\p-K-an-t-Xv a\p-
jy-cm-inv \n_--am-bn-o-cpp. apkven-am-Ip-hm apl--Zv\_nsb
kw_-nv aqv Imcy- hniz-kn-t--Xpv. Hv: \_nXncp-ta\n
ssZh-ns bYmY {]hm-N-I-\mWv. cv: At-l-ns \ntZ-i-
Ghpw kqW-amWv; Ah-bn bmsXmcp t]mcm-bvab - p-an; Ah
Xopw A_ ap-amWv. aqv: Xncp-ta\n ssZh-ns Ah-km-
\s {]hm-N-I-\mWv; C\n, Imemyw hsc Hcp kap-Zm-b-nepw Hcp
{]hm-N-I hcn; apkven-am-Ip-hm hniz-kn- \n_--am-btXm
bn k-aw Cl-tem-I-nse Wn-I-amb Pohn-X-n h
kZv^-ehpw e`n-p--h-bmWv. Ipdv ]Ww, A]w `qan, m\-
am-\-, t]cpw s]cp-abpw, A`n-\--\hpw {]iw-kbpw, A]w
B\-hpw k-tm--jhpw CsXms t\Sn-sm-Sp-p Ia--fm-
W-bmv kaw. ZpjvIa-am-Is, Cl-tem-Iv Zpjv^-e-ap-
f-hm-p--htbm As\ `b-s-Sm-hp-tXm Bb IrXy-fpw. DZm-
l-c-W-ambn, Poh-\jvSw, [\-\jvSw, Btcm-Ky-n\v lm\n, Zpjvtcv,
`c-W-Iq-S-ns inm-\-S-]Sn, ZpxJw XpS-n-b-hv Imc-W-am-Ip-
h. Fm, cm- a s a\p- j ys\ kw_- n- n- S - t mfw
kaw ssZh-an-jvS-s-Sp-Xpw ZpjvIaw ssZhw shdp-p-Xpw
 Ckvemw

BWv. k-aw Ahv bmsXm-ssc-lnI t\-hpw t\Sn-sm-Sp-

n- s - nepw Ah- \ Xv ka- a m- b n- s IcpXpw AXv
Fsv \jvS- Ah-t]n-mepw icn. Ah-km\w ssZhw
X\n-v imiz-X-amb {]Xn-^ew \Ip-sav Abm ZrV-ambn hniz-
knpw. AXp-t]mse ZpjvIaw Ahv Cl-tem-Iv hem`w
t\Sn-sm-Sp-mepw Abm-f-hsb ZpjvIaw Fp-Xs IcpXpw.
Chn-Ss {lkz-Po-hn-X-n B\--n-em-dm-Sm Ign-mepw
ssZh-in--bn\nv c-s-Sm Hcn-epw Ign-bn-sv Abm-fp-
dp hniz-kn-pp.
Cu hyXykvX ImgvN-m-Sp-I a\pjy\p-ap-n cv hyXykvX
amK- Xpd-pp. ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-an-m a\p-jyv Ckvem-
anI ]mX-bn-eqsS HcSn aptmp \om-\m-hn. Ckvemw kImv sImSp-
m ]d-bp-tm kImv Xs [\-n Ipdhphcppw Fmhpw
Abm-fpsS t]Sn. AXv ]en-ip sImSp-m Zcn-{Zs honse ]p-
sm-Sn-t]mepw kz-ammw. Fp kw`-hn-mepw kXyta ]d-bmhq,
Hcn-epw Ifhv ]d-b-cpXv Fv Ckvemw Bm-]n-p-tm kXyw
]d-nv bmsXmcp em`-hp-an,- \jvS-apv Xm\pw. B kXyw X\n-p-
th Fm-hpw adp-]Sn. hymP-am-Is em`-I-camWv. AXv Xms\-
n\v hPn-Ww? Bfn-m hgn-bnshv Abmsmcp hne-
]n-Sn hkvXp hoWp Inpp. "AXv \nt-X-s-n-se-Sp--cpXv' Fv
Ckvemw Ah-t\mSv ]d-bpp. Ahs adp-]Sn: CXv shdpsX e`n
km[-\-amWv; Rm\n-sX-n-\p-t]-n-Ww? ChnsS Bcp-an. AXp-
sImv Bcpw t]meo-kn-e-dn-bn-n; tImS-Xn-bn FXn kmn
]d-bn; F\nv ZpjvIon-bp-m-hp-I-bp-an. ]ns CsX-p-
sImv F\n--\p-`-hn-p-IqSm? Hcm Ahs ] Hcp hkvXp
kqn-m-t\]np. DSs\ Abm acn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Atm, "ac-W-s--hs [\w Abm-fpsS Ah-Im-in-Is-n-
Ww' Fv Ckvemw Ah-t\mSv ]d-bpp. Ahs {]Xyp-cw:
Rm\sX-n\v sImSp-Ww? acn--hs ]Ww Fs ]-ep-s-
-Xn\v FmWv sXfnhv? Ahs IpSpw-_--Xn-s\-p-dn--dn-
bn; AXp-sImv F\n--X-\p-`-hnmw; Hc-]-Ionbpw `b-s-Sm-
\n. Npcp--n, PohnX bm{X-bn Ckvemw Ahv Hcp amKw
ImWnpsImSp-p-tm FXn Zni-bn-ep asmcp hgn-m-W-h
 Ckvemw

t]mhpI. Ckvem-an Hmtcm-n-sbpw m\hpw hnebpw ]c-tem-

I-nse imiz-X-^-e--fpsS ASn-m-\-n-emWv. Ah-m-Is,
Cl-tem-I-nse WnI Pohn-X-n {]Xy--s-Sp ^e--
fpsS ASn-m-\-nepw. C{Xbpw ]d--Xn\nv, ]c-temI hnizm-
k-an-m--h Fp-sImv apkven-am-hp-I-bn Fv hyw. Fp
am{X-a, ]c-temI \ntj[w a\p-jys\ arK--sf-m XmW Pp-
hmn amp-Ibpw sNpw.
]c-temIhnizmkw bpn-bpsS shfn-
- n
]c- t emIhnizm- k - ns Bh- i y- I - X bpw kZv ^ - e - - f p- a mWv
CXp-hsc ]d-Xv. C\n, AsX-n apl--Zv\_n hnh-cn Imcy-
-fmWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-Xv. Ah bpn-bpsS shfn--n icn-bm-
bn-p--h-bm-tWm Fpw ]cn-tim-[nmw. ]c-tem-I-hn-izmkw hmkvX-
h-n, bp-nsb Bkv]-Zn-p--X. Dd hnizm-k-am-W-Xn--Sn-
m\w. Fn-cp-mepw, \mw _pn-bp-]-tbm-Kn-p--]w ]c-tem-
I-s-p-dnv apl--Zv\_n ]Tn-n Imcy--fmWv ap Nnm-K-Xn-
I-sf-m bpn-\n-jvT-am-bn-p-Xv Fv ImWm Ignbpw.
ac-Wm-\--c- Po-hn-X-s-p-dnv apJy-ambpw aqv `n ho-
W--fm-Wp-Xv. Hv: ac-Wm-\-cw a\p-jy \inv am-bn-tm-
Ipp. A\-cw asmcp Pohn-X-an. imkv{Xo-b-Nn--I Fv hmZn-
p \mkvXn-I-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-am-WnXv. cv: a\p-jy Xs Ia-
^-e-a-\p-`-hn-p-hm-\mbn ASn-Sn Cu temI-t-p-Xs ]p\P-
\n-pp. ZpjvIaw sNbvX-h ASp P-n ]q, \mb XpS-
nb Pp-tfm, hrtam, \oN-hK-ns a\p-jytcm Bbn
\mem-as hkvXpX hnNm-c-Wbpw {]Xn-^-e-Zm-\hpw BWv. CXn
Fv bpn-`w-K-am-Wp-Xv? a\pjy Ia- ssZhw hnNm-cW
\S--W-sapw \oXn-]qhw hn[n I]n--W-sapapXv a\p-
jy-_p-n-bpsS Xs Xm]-cy-amWv. Chn-sS-sbmcp a\p-jy \
am{Xw {]h-n-pp. ]t, AXns bmsXmcp kZv^-ehpw Cl-
tem-Iv A-bmv e`n-p-n. asm-cm Bbp-jvIm-e-a-{Xbpw
ZpjvIa sN-p-p. Fm bmsXmcp \jvShpw Abmv
]p-n. am{X-a, k-aw sNbvX-Xns t]cn AhW-\o-b-
amb IjvS-m-Sp-Ifpw Zpcn-X-fpw A\p-`-hn-t-n-h-cp F{Xtbm
t]cpv. ZpjvIr-Xy- sN-bvXv BPo-h-\mw B\--Xp-n-e-cmbn
 Ckvemw

Pohn-p--h-cpapv. Cu A\p-`-h-, k-\-v {]Xn-^-ehpw

ZpP-\-v inbpw Ftm-sg-n-ep-sam-cn- e`n-t--Xm-
sWv hniz-kn-p-hm \s \n_-n-pp.
kzKhpw \c-I-hp-amWv HSp-hn-e-tXv. Chbpw Akw-`-hy-a.
hm\ `ph- \ - sf krjv S n ssZh- n\v kzK \c- I - - f psS
krjvSnv am{Xw Akm-[ytam? ssZhw P\-sf hnNm-cW sNbvXv
cm-in--I \Ipw. c e`n--hv kuJy-]qhw Pohn-phm-
s\m-cnSw thWw. in e`n--hv Zpcn-X-]qW-amb asm-cn-Shpw.
Ah ssZhw krjvSn-pp.
tahn-h-cn Imcy--sf-p-dnv kKu-chw Nnn-p Hcmv,
ac-Wm-\-c Pohn-X-s-p-dnv \ne-hn-ep k-]--fn _pnv
G-hp-a\
- p-tbm-Py-am-bXv Ckvem-anI ImgvN
- m-Sm-sWv ImWmw. AXn
Akm-[ytam Abp-n-Itam Bbn Hp-an-sv GsXm-cmfpw k-
Xnpw. _pn kzbw k-Xn-p Cmcyw apl-Z- v\_ - n-sb-tm-ep
Hcp kXy-{]-hm-N-I \psS \ am{Xw ap\nn hnh-cnpXcp-
tm hrYm kwi-bn-p--sX-n\v? AXn ZrV-amb hnizmkw D-
sm-p--Xt _pn-]qh-I-am-bn-p-Xv?
]cn-ip- h
- mIyw
ta hnh-cn Av BZi--fn-t-emWv Ckvemw \ne-sIm-
p-Xv.* Ah-bpsS cXv\-p-cpw ""emC-eml C-mlp apl--
Zpd-kq-ep-mln'' F ]cn-ip hmIy-n-e-S-n-bn-pv. \mw ""emC-
eml C- mlp''Fp- - c n- p- - t XmsS Fm \njn ssZh- -
sfbpw hnv GI-ssZ-h-ns am{Xw ASn-aw kzoI-cn-pp. ""apl-
-Zpd-kq-ep-mln'' Fp-IqSn D-cn-p-tm apl-Zv\_n ssZh-
ns ZqX-\m-sWpw \mw k-Xnp. ZuXy-n hniz-kn-p--

* ss__n ]gb \nb-a-nse BZys A[ym-b--fn-eq-sSbpw ]pXnb \nb-a-

nse \mev kphn-ti-j--fn-eq-sSbpw Hv Itm-Sn-m Ah a\p-jy-Ir-Xn-bm-
sWv t_m[y-am-hp--XmWv. Ah-bn Zmho-Zns kmm Io-\--fn
NneXpw {InkvXp-hns kphn-ti-j
- fpw Ahn-`
- amw hn[w Dsm-n-cn-pp.
]gb \nb-a-nse BZys \mev A[ym-b--fn Xudmv am{X-a DXv.
adnv, Xudm-ns `mK- a\p-jy-hym-Jym-\--fp-ambn CS-I-ep \ne-sIm-
pp. B IqSn-p-g-b-en bYmY Znhy-k-tiw \jvS-sp t]mbn-cn--bmWv.
AXp-t]mseXs Cukm-bp-sS-sXv ]d-bp \mev kphn-ti-j- At-l-
n\nv Innb kmm kphn-ti-j--f. adnv, m\hpw `n-[ahpw
 Ckvemw

tXmsS, ssZhw, ssZhn-I-Kp-W-, ae-p-I, ssZh-{K--,

ssZh-Zq-X-m, ]c-temIw Fn-h-sb-p-dnv Xncp-Zq-X ]Tn-n AtX
hn[w hniz-kn-t-Xv \n_--am-bn-o-cpp. ssZhs Bcm-
[n-p-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-p-hm\pw Xncp-ta\n ImWn-p-X amK-tatXm
AXv IWn-i-ambn ]n]-m\pw \mw _m[y--cmbn amdpp.

B[m-c-amn hyXy-kvX-cmb \mem-fp-I kam-l-cn {InkvXp-hns Poh-N-cn-{X-

amWv. kmm kphn-ti-j--fpsS GXm\pw `mK-fpw Ah-bn-ep-sv am{Xw.
ssZh-Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy-Ir-Xnbpw, kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw ]Xn-cn\nv s\v thXn-
cn-s-Sp-m Ign-bm--hw ]c-kv]cw IqSn--en-cn--bmWv. AXn-\m,
kmm ssZh-{Kw PqX-cp-sStbm ss{IkvX-h-cp-sStbm ]-en. CXn\v hn]-
co-X-ambn, hnip Jp-B, AX-h-X-cn kmm cq]-n Hcp hyXym-k-hp-
an-msX, kpc-n-X-ambn \ne-sIm-pp.
JpinZv AlvaZv

* Cuam Imcy- Am-bn-mWv Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn-n-p-Xv. CXv hnip Jp-

B-\n ""kqd-p _Jd''bnse ""Ba-\d-kqep _nam Dkne Csseln....'',
kqd-p-n-kmCse ""ha bIv^p _nmln ha-em-C--nln....'' Fo hmIy-
sf ASn-m-\a - m-n-bmWv. \_nhN-\
- f
- n ""JZvdn''ep hnizm-khpw Cuam
Imcy--fn Ds-Sp-n-bn-p-s--Xn kwi-b-an. Atm Cuam Imcy-
Bdm-bn-o-cp--XmWv. Fm, bYmY-n JZvdn-ep hnizmkw Am-
lp-hn-ep hnizm-k-ns Xs Awi-amWv. hnip--Jp-B-\n B \ne-mWv
AXv hnh-cn-n-p-Xv. AXn-\m Rm\pw {]kvXpX hnizm-ks GI-ssZ-h-hn-
izm-k-ns hni-Zo-I-c-W-n Ds-Sp-p-I-bmWv sNbvXn-p-Xv. Nne \_n-
h-N-\--fn kzKw, \cIw, kzndmv, aokm Fn-hsb {]tXyIw hnizm-k-]-
c-amb Imcy--fmbn hnh-cn-n-pv. Atm Cuam Imcy- Bdn IqSp-X-
emIpw. hmkvX-h-am-Is, Ah-sbmw ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-ns LS-I--fmWv.
{K-Im-c