\a-kvImcw

tImb-pn ^mdqJn

-bphX _pIv lukv

]n _n \: 524
B Fw tdmUv, tImgn-tm-Sv-2

malayalam
title : namaskaram
author : koyakkutty farooqui
publishers : yuvatha book house
p b no: 524, calicut - 2
Ph: 2701812,2700172
Fax: 2703870
first edition : Deccmber 2003
type setting : micro print, calicut-2
cover: azeez palazhi
printed at : redstar, clt.
YBH 229 copyright reserved
C 2000 price : rs. 35
BapJw
\n \a- k v I mcw \ne- \ npI. \nbw \a- k v I mcw
\oNhrn-bn \npw \njn---fn \npw XS-bpp (hn-ip-
Izp- B 29- : 45). Amlp a\p- j y- h w- i s Adn- b n- - X m- W n-
mcyw. kXy-hn-izm-k-apsIm HcmfpsS BZy Ia-amWv \a-
kvImcw. \a-kvI-cn-m--hs\ apkven-sa-p-]-d-bm-h-X-.
\a-kvImcw \nh-ln--W-sa--Xn\v Ii-\-amb I]-\-I-
fpv . ]s apkv e nw \ma- [ m- c n- I - f n ]ecpw CXp- t ]- n-- p-
pv . ]e- I m- c - W - - f p- n- X n\v . \a- k v mcw Fn- s \tm
AXvsIm-p t\--sf-stm Nnn-m-s\m-cp-m--Xn\m
sNdp- - I mew sXmp ]cn- i o- e \w e`n- m- - X n- \ m {]Xn- I qe
kml-N-cy--fn sNp s]Sp--Xn-\m Ae-k-X-bm, A--
X-bm A-amb `uXn-I-X-bm AXv Dt]-n--s-Sp-p.
B {]hm-N-Iamv tijw Hcp ]nXe-apd hp. Ah
\a- k v I mcw ]mgm- p- I bpw tZtl- O - I sf ]nXp- S - c p- I bpw
sNbv X p. Xo- b mbpw Ah ZpamK ^ew (\- c Iw) Is-
pI Xs sNpw (hn.-Izp.19.59) Fv apk-ap-Zm-b-sfIpdnv
Izp-B {]kvXm-hnXv Cs apkvenwIfn A\zY-am-bn-
cn- p- pthm? Fm ]m- - ] n- p- I bpw hniz- k n- p- I bpw
kIa \nc-X-cm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX-h-scm-gnsI. Ah kzK-n
{]th- i n- pw; Ah A{I- a n- - s - S p- I bn (hn.Izp.19:60) F
ssZh hN\w \ap-m-izm-k-ta-Ip-pv.
\a- k v I m- c m- h - k cw Hcp kXyhnizmknbpsS AXym- \ - - I - c -
amb aplq- a mWv . AXv bYm- h n[n D]- t bm- K n- p- - h hnP-
bnpw. A-mlp A\p-{K-ln--s.
]{v hj-v apv kq \a-kv-Imc{Iaw F
Hcp sImp IrXn Cubp- - h cNn- p- I - b p- mbn. hnZymYn
Pnhn-X-n \nv Aym-]Ihrn-bn- {]th-in DSs\bmbn-
cpp AXv. hfsc [rXn ]nSnm-WXv Xm-dm-n-bn-cp-Xv. a-e-bm-
fn- I n- S - b n hn]p- e - a mb {]N- c - W - a n- X n\p e`nXv . bmYm-
nXnI-cn \nv cq hnai\fpw th-p-thmfw Dbp.
ta IrXn-bn ]pXp-Xmbn NneXpIqSn Ds-Sp-nbpw
Bh-iy-amb ]cn-jvIcWw hcp-nbpw ]p\x{]kn-o-I-cn-m-\m-
{K-ln-n-cn-p-tm-gmWv "C^vXm'bpsS dnbm-Znse _ZoA bqWnv,
\a-kvImc hnj-b-n kuP\y hnX-c-W-n-mbn Hcp kzX-
{- I rXn Xm- d m- - W - s av FtmSv Bh- i y- s - Xv . A- s \-
bmWv Cu ]pkvXIw Xm sNbvXXv. bphX Bh-iy-s--X-\p-
k-cnv Nne am--tfmsS ]p\:{]kn-o-I-cn-pIbmWv.
]pXpapkv e nw- I - s fbpw Ad_n `mjm- ] - c n- m- \ anm- - h -
scbpw ]cn- K - W nv apgp- h {]mY- \ - I fpsSbpw kmc- n\p
]pdsa Ah- b psS DZm- l - c - W w- I qSn ae- b mf en]n- b n CXn
tNn-cn-p-p. \mep Aym-b--fmbn ]pkvXIw `mKn-n-pv.
BZy-Ir-Xn-bn lZo-kp-I-fp-ambn ]qWambn tbmPn-m hn[w
im^nCu ^nIzv-lns kzm[o\w \ng-enn-p-s KpWImwnI-
fpsS A`n-{]mbw Nne hnj-b--fn kqva ]T\w A\n-hm-cy- {]km-[-I-p-dnv
amn. Ipa lZo-kp-I-fpsS shfn--n Xs-bm-IWw Cu
IrXn Fp \n_w ]pen. Am- l p- h ns A\p- { K- l -
m km[y-amIp hn[w Amcyw \n-lnp Fp kam-[m-
\n-pp. CXpw Ip-a--Xm-sWv Ah-Im-i-s-Sp-n. sXp-I
a\pjy kl-P-am-Wtm. {]hm-N-I (k.-A) am{Xta sXn\nv
ap-\m-hp-I-bpq. ktlm-Z-c-_pym kZvhn-Nm-c-tmsS A]m-
I-X-I Nqn-Im-Wn--emWv am\yX. A-]m-I-X-I Nqn-Im-Wn-
p A\p- h m- N - I - t cmSv IS- s - - h - \ m- b n- c npw Cu Ffnbh.
km[m-c-W-mp {Kln-phn[w efn-X-amm\p {ia-ns
Pb-]-cm-P-b- hmb-\-m hne-bn-cp-pI.
Cu {iaw kzoIm-cy-tbm-Ky-amb Hcp Ia-ambn AwKo-I-cn-s
F {]mY-\-tbmsS Cu IrXn s]mXp P\-k-aw kan-p-
p.

tImb-pn ^mdqJn
tImgn-tmSv duZ-p Deqw,
15- 2003 ]n.-H. ^mdqIzv tImtfPv
 Xmfp-I-f-n Fs\ \a-kvI-cn-Ww............................................
\msa-n\v \a-kv-cn-Ww...................................... \a- k v I m- c - { Iaw
Ckvem-anse hn[n dpIq- A v
Fn\p \a-kv-cn-Ww CAvXnZm
t\- ssIh-cn-m kpPqZpIfpw Ccp- hpw
`s \a-kvmcw - Ai-lvlpZv
- `-n-bp-m-Im Zp_e- s - S p- p- p.
kwL-SnX \a-kvmcw ad- h np ]Icw kpPqZv
Dt]-n-p--hv XmoXv HmXn- b - X n\p kpPqZv
t\- Ip\qv
acym-Z-I Iqp- { ]mY\
AZmDw JZmDw
Xm-sd-Spv ........................................................................
\Pkpw ipo- I - c - W hpw hnhn[ \a-kvm-c
- .....................................................
EXp cw PwDw Izkvdpw
{]khcw PpapA \a- k v mcw
c{kmhw CuZp \a-kvmcw
henb Aipn {KlW \a-kvImc
AwK-ipn CkvXn-kvIzm-Av
hpZp apdn- b p Imcy- - kp- p \a- k v I mc
Xbpw - Izn-bm-ap-ss--hn-Xv
Jp^v^ XS-h CkvXn-Jmd
- \-Kv\X ad- anv \a-kvImcw
\-a-kvmc ka-b- - A-Zriy an-n\v \a-kvImcw
- Izn-_vev t\sc - Iz-_v-dnta \a-kvImcw
_mpw CIzm-apw
\a-kvImcw \a-kvImcw 9

\mw Fn\v \a-kvI-cn-Ww

k Xy- h n- i zm- k - a psm Hcm- f psS BZys Ia- a mWv
\a-kvImcw. \a-kvI-cn-m--h bYmY apkven-a. a\-]qhw
\a- k v I m- c - a p- t ]- n- p- apkv e n- a ns\ `c- W - I q- S - n\v inn-
m Ckvemw Ah-Imiw \In-bn-pv.
Bcm-[-\-l Am-lp-h-msX am-cp-an-spw apl-Zv
(k.-A) Am-lp-hns ZqX-\m-sWpap kXy-kmyw {]Jym-
]n-p-Ibpw \a-kvImcw \ne-\np-Ibpw sNbvXm Ah-cpsS
chpw [\hpw kwc-n-m Ckvem-anI `c-W-IqSw \n_n-
X-amWv. (_pJm-cn, apkvenw)
Hcp apkvenapw Am--h\pw Xn-ep apJy Acw \a-
kv I mcw Xs- b m- W v . AXp- t ]- n- p- - h Ahn- i zm- k n- b m- W v
(Xpap- Z n, Alv a - Z v , \km- C u, lmInw). \a- k v I mcw aX- ns
s\Spw XqWmWv (Pm-an-D--Kzo, aph-Xz, ss_l-Izn). Hcp Zmk
Ah- s Ia- fn ]c- t em- I v BZy- a mbn hnNm- c W t\cn- S p-
Xv \a-kvIm-cs Ipdn-mWv. AXv kzoIm-cy-sa-n ap-Ia-
fpw kzoIm-cyw. As-n Fmw Ah-\n-tev Xs Xncn-s-
dn-b-sSpw. (A-lva-Zv, Xz_vdm-\n, C_v\p-ln-m)
\a- k v I mcw Ckvem-ans Hm-as {]I-Sa - mb Nn-amWv.
Ah-km-\t- Xpw AXp-Xs - -bmbncnpw (A-la v Z- )v . \a-kIv mcw A{]-
Xy-a - mb kaqlw \mi-n-sen--gn-s-p-kmcw.
Hcp apkv e n- a ns cwNnm A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a mb k`-
aqs--amWv. sIme-pw, hn-hm-ln-Xs hy`n-Nmcw, kaq-
l- n \nv H- s - S p aXNnw Dt]- n- (_p- J m- c n,
aqkvenw). Cu {]am-W-a-\p-k-cnv aX-Nn--amb \a-kvImcw ]Xn-
hmbn Dt]-n-m Ahv ]c-am-h[n in-bmb sIme `c-W-
Iq-S-np hn[n-m-hp--Xm-sW-mWv ]WvUn-X-a-Xw (In-Xm-_p-
z-emXv--C-_v\p-Iz-nw).
\a-kvImcw
\_n(- k .A)- b psS injyam- c n {]ap- J apgp- h \pw, \a-
kv I mcw Icp- X n- I qn Dt]- nh Im^n (A- h n- i zm- k n)- B - W v
F-Xn GIm-`n-{]m-b-m-cm-Wv. (C-_v\p Iznw)
lrZ-b--fn ssZh-kva-cW \ne-\nepw ]m]- s]mdp-
- s - S epw \c- I - t am- N - \ - h pw- kzK- { ]- t h- i- h p- a mWv \a- k v I m- c -
ns ]c- a - { ]- [ m- \ - a mb ey- . ssZh- h p- a m- b p kpi- -
_w m]n--emWv \a-kvIm-c-n-eqsS a\p-jy t\Sn-sb-Sp-
p- Xv . {k- j v S mhpam- b p krjv S n- b psS _w Ahs\ AP-
-\m-pp. D-Xam-cpam-bp Hcp- km-[m-c-W-m-cs _w
Abmsf i\pw {]ap- J - \ p- a m- p- a - t m.- {k- j v S m- h pw ]cn- ] m- e -
I\pw k-n-s-bpw -D-S-a--\p-w {]]--ns Xs \mY-
\pamb Am- l p- h p- a m- b p _w Abmv \ev I p- Bizm-
khpw AwKo-Im-chpw inbpw kwc--W-t_m-[hpw Ah-
\o-bhpw hmp-I-Xo-X-hp-amWv. Xs `mc--fn-d-n-sh-m
Hcp Am-Wn-bmbn Xs lrZbhyY-I kZm Adn-psImn-
cn- p Hcp- h - s \ Inp- t m a\p- j y Db ]Z- h n- b n- s e-
pp. Xs Pohn- X - n\p apgp- h shfn- w hoim B
inv Ign-bp-sa-n A-c-samcp Iqm-fn-bmb c-Is\
kznI-cn Cu Zp_-e\p Fp-am{Xw in kw`-cn-m Ignbpw.
Bob[\y- X - b mWv a\p- j ys\ Pohn- m- \ l- \ m- n-
op-Xv. a\-ns Xmfw sXp-h - B-lX - yv t]mepw Hcp-
s-Sp-Xp \mw ImWpp. a\p-jy BXy-n-Ia - mbn B{K-ln-p--
Xm-W,v - Xm Icp-W-e-`n A\p-Kr-lo-X-\mbn Pohn--W-sa-Xv. \n-
- aqp-Im-cy- \nh-ln-m IcpW e`n A\p-Kr-lo-X-
cm-Ip-sav Amlp \s Adn-bn-n-cn-pp. ""\n \a-kvImcw
apd- { ]- I mcw A\p- j v T n- pI, kImv \IpI, {]hm- N - I s\
A\p-k-cn-pI, \nv ImcpWyw e`n-tpw'' (24:56).
ssZhkv a cW Bm- h ns\ kwkv I r- X hpw kw]p- j v S - h p- a m-
pp. Izp-B {]Jym-]n-pp: ""hniz-kn-pIbpw ssZh-kva-
cWbm a\-pI im-X-b-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-h. {in-pI,
sZh-kva-c-W-sIm--s{X -a-\-p-I im-am-bn-Xo-cp-Xv'' (13:28)
10 \a-kvImcw 11
kmaply_w a\pjykaq- l - ns \ne- \ nn\v Xs
{][m-\-L-SI-ambn hn-pp. Hcp kaq-l-ns `{ZX IW-
n- s e- S p- p- t m {]tXy- I npw. \a- k v I mcw hnizm- k n- kaq-
ls Htc Nc-Sn tImn-W-p-p. kmtlm-Zcyw Dunbpd-
n-pp. ""(_-lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-I) ]m--]n-p-Ibpw \a-
kv I mcw apd- { ]- I mca\p- j v T n- p- I bpw kImv \Ip- I bpw
sNp- t m Ah aX- nse \n- f psS ktlm- Z - c - - f m- b n-
ocpw.'' (9:11)
kXy- k - X Hcp kaqlw \- h - c m- s W- - X ns \nZi\
amWv . \- a - k v I m- c hpw kXy- k - - X bpw Ak- X yhpw [nm- c hpw
ka- \ z- b n- np Xmc- a - X - a y- s - S p- nb hnip IzpB\ns ]cm-
aiw hfsc {it-b-amWv. ""Fmeh(-k-Xy-n)-hn-iz-kn-n
\a-kvI-cn--Xp-an. Ah (kXyw) \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw ([n--cn-p)
-]n-n-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. (75:31,32)
AXm-bXv \ntj[n Ahn-izm-kn-bmWv. \a-kvI-cn-m--h\pw
Ahn-izm-kn-bmWv. ssZh-{K--n hniz-kn-n; \a-kv-cn--Xp-
an. Atm Ah [nm-cn-bmbn Xop Fpkmcw.
ssZh I\p ]qW A- W - a mWv \a- k v I m- c - n-
eqsS HcSna {]Zin- n- p- Xv . ssZh- k v a - c - W - b m a\pjy
lrZbw hn\- b m- \ zn- X - a m- I p- t m Ah Xs {kjv S m- h ns
apn \{ainc- k v I - \ mbn hogpw. Xs lrZbw ZrVhnizm- k -
m ]qcn-X-am-hp-ambn-cnpw. ""\psS ZrjvSm-- Dt_m-
[\w sN-s-m kmwjvSmKw {]W-an-p--h-cmbn hogp--h
am{X- a mWv hniz- k n- p- I . Ah X- f psS cn- X m- h ns\
kvXpXnpsImv {]Ion-p-I-bpw sNpw Ah Alw-`mhw
\Sn-p-I-bp-an-.'' (-32:15)
Ahn- i zm- k hpw kamK hyXn- N - e - \ hpw kw`hnmXn- c n-
\a-kvImcw
p- X n- \ p i- a mb ]mdm- h p- I m- c - \ mWv \a- k v I mcw. ka- b -
_- nX ssZh- k v a - c Wbn hnizmkw hnp sImn- c npw.
`uXnIX a\p- j ys\ [a\njv T - b n\nv AInsmp
t]mIpp. AXn-n-S-bn Bhn-m-k--am-Ip \a-kvImcw
hyXn-N-e-\-n \n-hs\ Imv cn-pp. Cu kXyw AwKo-
I- c n- m- - h s\ Amlp in sImv in- b mbn Xm-- oXp
sNpp. ""\n (C-hn-sS) A]wam{Xw Xnp-Ibpw kpJn-p-
Ibpw sNbvXpsImp-I. \n- Ip-hm-fn-I Xs Xo. B
Znhkw (]-c-tem-I-v) \ntj-[np Xn-b-hmWv \miw. Ah-
tcmSp Ipn-Sq(-\-a-kvI-cn-q) Fp ]d-b-s-m Ah Ipn-Sp-
I- b n.'' (77:46- 48)
ssZh-hp-ambn Hc-Sna Gs-Sp kpi--amb Hcp IcmdmWv
\a-kvIm-cw. B Icm-dns ]pXp--emWv AXns Bh\w.
ap- l - Zv \_n (k)- ] - d - b pp. ""Ap- { ]m- h - i ys \a- k v I mcw
ASn- a - I - f sS ta {kjv S mhv \n_- - a m- n- b n- c n- pp. Ah
\n-ln-p--h-\p-ambn Amlp Icm-dn-tes-Spp. Ahp
kzKw \Imsa-Xm-Wm-I-cm. AXv \n-ln-m--h Icm-
dn \np ]pd- mWv . Amlp Dt- i n- m- e - h p s]mdpp
sImSp-tmw. As-n innpw. (A-lvaZv--ap-kv\-Zv)
a\pjy {]Ir- X nbpw Npp- ] m- S p- I fpw Xna- I fm hebw
sN- s - n- c n- p- p- s h- Xv Hcp bmYmYy- a m- W tm. Xna- I
a\p- j ys\ Xcw Xmgv p- I bpw Ahs al- X z- n\p Ifw
Nmp- I bpw sNpp. X^- e - a mbn Ip- t _m[w Ahs\
\nho- c y- \ mpw. Cu Xn- I fn \nv apnt\Sn ]cn- i p- - \ m-
Im a\p-jy-a-\-p-I shsImpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wtm.
]m]- GpsNmn- b m s]mdppXcm Xm- d m- s W
hmKvZm-\-hp-ambn Ahs k-kz-a-dn-bp cn-Xmhv k--
\mbn \npp. AtXm-sSmw B \mY-\p-ambn Hc-`n-apJ kw`m-
j- W - n- e qsS sXp- I p- - Fn- - d - b m Ap- { ]- h - i ys
Ah-k-chpw. alm-\mb {]hm-N-I-in-jy A_qlpdbvd(-d) \nth-
Z\w sNpp. \_n(-k)-]-dp
""\n- f n- s em- c p- h s `h\ hmXn- e n- - c n- I n- e qsS Hcp
]pgsbmgp-Ipp. Apt\c-a-Xn Ah (\mbn) Ipfn-pp.
Agp- p- I hXpw Ahs ico- c - n Ah- t i- j n- ptam?
12 \a-kvImcw 13
injyam adp-]Sn ]dp: C, Hcn-epan. Atm Ahn-Spv
Acpfn: A{]- I mcw Xs- b mWv Ap t\cs \a- k v I m- c hpw.
Ah- b m Amlp Ahs ]m]- fJn- e hpw \on Ahs\
iqo-I-cnpw (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kvenw).
Npcp- - n \a- k v mcw k{X \- I fpsSbpw Dd- h n- S -
amWv. AXp-t]-n- I\ \jvS-n-\n-S-bmpw. \_n(-k)-]-
dp: B \a- k v I mcw kq- a - X - t bmsS IrXy- a mbn A\p- j v T n-
pthm AXv {]Im-ihpw hy-amb (B-m-hns) {]am-Whpw
Ay-\m-fn tam-n\v \nZm-\-hp-am-bn-cnpw. B AXv Dt]-
n-pthm Ah-p-sh-fn--an, {]am-W-an, tamN-\-hp-an. Ay-
Zn-\-n Ah (ssZ-h-[n-m-cn-Ifpw tkzOm-[n-]-Xn-I-fp-am-bn-cp-
)- ^ - t dm- h , - J m- d q,- lm- a m,- D- _ p_v \ p- J ^v * Fn- h -
cpsSIqsS (\-c-I-n) Bbn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
\a-kvImcw {in-m P\-Xv kw`-hn-p `hnjyv
hnip Izp- B {]kv X m- h n- p- Xv C{]- I m- c - a mWv : ""Fnv
Ahv ({]-hm-N-Iam) tijw (A-h-cpsS) ]nX-e-apd hp.
Ah \a-kvmcw ]mgm-p-Ibpw tZtl-O-Isf ]np-S-cp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Xaqew ZpamK-ns ^ew (\-c-Iw)- A-h Is-
p--Xp-am-Wv'' (19:59)
t\- ssIh-cn-m
X-fpsS khkzhpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-m {]hm-N-Iam D]-
tbm-Kn-Xv \a-kvIm-c-s-bm-bn-cpp. {Kl-W- _m[nv P\w
Amfnptmgpw hc _m[nv Pohn- I Nsm- S p- p-
tmgpw PohnXw hgp-apn \nIp-tmgpw ktm-j-m `cn-X-
\m- I p- t mgpw ssZhm- \ p- { K- l s IqSp- X hmgv n Am- l p-
hns\ al-Xz-s-Sp-p-Xn-\n-S-bn-ep-samw {]hm-N-I \a-kvIm-
c- n {]th- i n- p- a m- b n- c p- p. Ccw L- - f n- s emsbpw
ssZh Imcp- W y- n\mbn sIn Imcp- W y- h ms apn
hoWpInS-pI FXv aXw \ntZ-in hn[n-I-fns--Xp-amWv.
Ncm-N-c- \n{ZsImp-tm \n{Zm-hn-lo-\-\mbn Am-lp-
* {]hm-N-I-\mb aqk(-A)bpsS ITn-\-i-{Xp--fm-bn-cpp ^tdm-hbpw
Jmdq\pw lmam\pw. Ch \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fm-sWp Izp-B hy-am-n-
bp-pv.
apl-Zv (k)-bpsS ISp FXn-cm-fn-bm-bn-cpp D_-p-_v\p-J^v
\a-kvImcw
hns apn ZoL-t\cw kpPqZv sNp--hv aWn-am-fn-I-I
hmKv Z m\w sN- s - n- c n- p- - X mbn Izp- B {]Jym- ] n- pp.
Imcp- W y- h ms bYmY Zmk- s c- m- W - h v Izp- B \ma- I -
cWw sNbvXn-cn-p-Xv. ]ecpw hne-]n-m-dpv F{X {]mYn-npw
^e-anm Fv. Bmhv \jvS-s ]Z- am{Xw t{ImUo-I-cn
I]S `n-bn s]mXn- Dcp-hn-S NS-mn amnb Bcm-[-
\- I Bbncw hjw sNbv X mepw ^e- a p- m- I ptam? Hmtcm- c p-
cpw kzw Bm--tfmSv tNmZnt tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv.
cwKw _Z cWmw- Ww. cp hn`m- K hpw bp- n- \ p
tImp-I kam-l-cn-pp. A]w AI-se- \_n(-k) kpPq-Zn
hoWv InS-pp. cp klm-_n-I sas ASn-shv ASpp
sNv ImXv Iqnp \np. B a-lm-\mb dkq (k)- Xs dn-
t\mSv ]d-bpp:
Fs \mYm, (Zp-e-cm-b) Cu sNdp-kw-Lssbm\pw
\o \in-n-p-I-bm-sW-n \o Hcn-epw `qan-bn Bcm-[n--s-
Sp-I-bn. AsXmw Ignv Xe Dbn t\mp-tm Bbn-
c--W-n\v ae-p-Isf Iq-ambn Cd-n-bm \nv aXn-h-
cptam Fp tNmZn-p Izp-B hN-\-hp-ambn Am-lp-hns
klmb hmKv Z m- \ - h p- a mbn Pn_v c o B- K - X - \ mbn. Bbn- c - - W -
n\v ae-p-I apkvenw-I-fpsS ]mZ-ap-d-n-m-\mbn Cdn h
\nan-j- i{Xp ssk\yw \nj-v{]-`-ambn Nnn-n-Xdn. t\mp
Am-lp-hns klmbw F{X s]sv. Amlp ]d-bpp:
AXn-\m \n-f-hs\ {]Xym-i-tbmSpw `ntbmSpw hnfnv
{]mYn-pI. Am-lp-hns ImcpWyw kIan-Iv kao-]-
- a m- I p- p.(7:56)
kq- P qZv sNq kmao]yw t\Sq.(96- : 19)
Hcn- Hcm \_n(- k ) bpsS ASpv hv tNmZnp:
""{]hm- N - I tc, Fs kzK- nte- S p- n- p- I bpw \c- I - n
\n-I-p-Ibpw sNp Hcp Iaw ]d-p-X-cnI. Atm Xncp-
14 \a-kvImcw 15
ta\n(k) ]dp: \o Am-lp-hns\ am{Xw Bcm-[n-pI. Ah-
\n- e m- s c- b pw ]v tNcpXv . \a- k v I mcw \ne- \ np- I bpw
kImv sImSp- p- I bpw c_w tNp- I bpw sNpI.
Abm Xncv t]mbn. Atm \_n(-k)- A-\p-N-cam-tcmSv ]d-
p: Ah- t \mSv In- - s - Xv Ah apdpsI ]nSn-
ppshn \nbw Ah kzKm-h-Im-in-bmhpw (ap-kvenw).
Cu lZo-kn \nv \a-kvI-cn-p--h\v kzK-ap-sv \apv
a\-n-emmw.
CXn \nsmw \a- k v I mcw shdpw Hcp Ihy\n-
lWw am{X- a AsXm- c p- hn- e - a - X n- m- \ m- h m Ia- a m- s Wv
t_m[y-am-Ipp. \a-kvImcw Dt]-n--Xns ^e-ambn \c-I-n
t]mtIn hcp-Xpt]mse `n-bn-m \a-kvIm-chpw \c-I-{]-
th-i-n\v CS-bm-p-pshv hy-am-Ip-p.
{]hm- N - I am Fm- h cpw Cu al- mb Ia- m- e mWv
temIv hnPbw t\Sn-bn-p-sXv Izp-B kmyw hln-p-
p. sIme- - b - d n\v ap]n \np- t mgpw sImSpncn
sImpp bpw \bn- p- t mgpw Imcm- K r- l - ns \mep
`nnpn InSv sRcn-]ncn sImp-tmgpw i{Xp aZ\w
kztZlv Bv ]Xn- p- t mgpsamw Ah ssIhn- S msX
kqn Hc-aq-ey-k--m-bn-cp- \a-kvImcw. Pzme-bm ]d-h-
I t]mepw Icnp hoWpt]mb \wdq-Zns An IpWvT-n
\nv C{_mlnw \_n (A) c-s-Xpw c-bn-m Ah-k-c-
n aqkm \_n(A)v kap{Zw hgn amdn- s Im- S p- - X p- s amw
Am- l p- h p- a m- b p Ah- c psS \nXy- k - - a mb \a- k v I mcw
aptJ-\-bm-bn-cp-p.
Hc- h - k - c - nepw Dt]- n- m Ckv e mw A\p- h - Z n- m
\n_ I-am-WnXv. kap-{Zm-`mK-m-bmepw hnlm-b-n
k-cn-p-tmgmbmepw tcmK-ambn nS-mepw Bmhv ico-c-
n-ep-s-n, Ah\v t_m[-ap-s-n (B-h-m-cnbpw {]-
k-h-c--ap--hfpw ipn-bm-Ip-thm-f-sam-gnv) \a-kvImcw \nh-
lnt ]q. ipn-bp ico-c-tmsS ipn-bp hkv{Xw [cnv
shSn-p e-p-\nv (A-sX-hn-sS-bm-bm-epw) Xs krjvSn-
\mYs apn khn-\bw Hcp Znhkw Ap {]mhiyw C{]-
Imcw \a- k v - c n- Hmtcm kXy- h n- i zm- k npw Amlp IS-
abmbn \n-bn-n-cn-p-p.
\a-kvImcw
""\n- b - a mbpw \a- k v I mcw kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I v \n_-
hpw kab _n-X-hp-amnbn-cn-pp.'' (4:103)
\mY- \ p- a mbn Hcp Zmk F- h p- a - [ nIw ASp- p- Xv \a-
kv I m- c - nse kpPq- Z n shm- I p- p- s hv {]hm- N - I Acp-
fpp. Znh- k - n ]e {]mh- i yhpw Am- l p- h p- a mbn _w
]pep Hcp- h ynbn \nv ssZth- O v \nc- m
bmsXmpw kw`- h n- m- h - X . BIm- i - ` q- a nsb {kjv S n- - h \v
apn Fs Bcm-[-\-Ifpw Ia-fpw, Fnt\sd Pohn-Xhpw
ac-W-hp-samw kan-n-cn-p-p-sh {]Xn kZm ]pXp-p-
-h Fs\ ]en-i-m-c\pw aZy-]m-\nbpw hy`n-Nm-cn-bp-am-Ipw!
Hcn- epw BIm ]mSn. ]n- b n \nn- d - nb tijw CXv
sNppshn Npcpnsbdn-b-s ]g-pWn t]mse Ahs
\a-kvIm-cs Amlp Ahs apJ-tv I-in Fdn-bp-sav
\_n(-k) ]d-bp-p.
""\nbw, \a-kvImcw \oN-I--sfbpw \njnsfbpw
XSp-pp. ssZh-kva-c-W-bmWv Ghpw hepXv.'' (29:45) ssZh-kva-
c-Wbpw `nbpw Am-lp-hn\v apn {]I-Sn-n--emWv \a-kvIm-
cw sImp Dtiyw. CXp- Cl-]-c-Po-hnXw apgp-h hnP-b-{]-
Z-am-m\p GIm-hw-ew_amWv `n-bp \a-kvImcw.
`s \a-kvImcw
Amlp {]Jym-]n-p-Xv ImWp-I:
kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I Ghpw henb hnP- b n- I - f m- b n- c n- pp.
Ah \a-kvIm-c-n `b-`-n-bp--h-cmWv (23:1,2). `-m-c-m-
-hv \a-kvImcw hmsmcp `mc-ambn A\p-`-h-s-Sp-sav
Izp-B ]d-bpp.
""\nbw X-fpsS \mYs\ Ip-ap-p-sapw Ah--te-m-
W-h aS-n-sN-p-I-sbpw a\-n-em-nb `am-c-m--hv
16 \a-kvImcw 17
AXv (\-a-kvImcw) h-en-sbmcp `mcw Xs'' (2:45, 46). ]s Npfp-
hn Xe-Ipnadn-v \a-kvI-cn-p-shv hcp-n-b-h-\mtWm
CXv \I-s-SpI. Hcn--ep-a; ImcWw Amlp ]d-bpp:
""\a- k v I - c n- p- v \miw. Ah Ah- c psS \a- k v I m-
cn Ae-k-cm-Ipp. Ah {]Zi-\mYw \a-kvI-cn-pp''
(107:46). `n Atijw Xonbnn-m hcm-bn-cnpw ap\m-^n-
Jp- I (I- ] S hnizm- k n- I ) Fpw \c- I - ns Xmsg Xn- e m-
bn-cn-p-sapw Izp-B ]d-bpp. kIz F `bm-\I-amb \c-
I-n ]Xn-p--h-cn {]ap-J \a-kvImcw Dt]-n--h-cm-
sWv Izp-B Hcn-Sv hy-am-pp.
Izp-B \nt-in-pp:
""Fm \a- k v I m- c - fpw hfsc kqnp \n- l n- pI.
{]tXy- I nv hpkv X m (A- k ) \a- k v I mcw. Amlp- h n\v apn
`n ]pc- cw \n \nev pI. \n `b- s - m (bpw
t]mep L- - f n) \- S tm hml- \ - n shtm AXv
\nhln- p- I . kpc- n- X - c m- b m \n Adn- b m- X n- c p- Xv
Amlp ]Tn-n-Xv t]mse ({]-hm-N-I ImWnv Xcpw t]mse)
\n--f-hs\ kvacn-pI (\- a - k v I - c n- p- I )'' (hn.- I zp.2:238). Ia
imkv { X- { K- - - f n- e qsS alm]Wv U n- X - m \a- k v I m- c - ns
Hmtcm Ne- \ hpw apSn- \ m- c ng Iodn hni- Z - a mbn N sNbv X n-
pv . _rlXv {K- An- j - b - I - a mbh cNn- n- pv .
Fm Ch- c n ]ecpw Ah- K - W n Hcp hi- a pv \a- k v I m-
c- n\v . B h- i - a m- I s \a- k v I mc- m- c n sXmqn Av
iX-am-\-am-fp-Ifpw Dt]-n--Xp-amWv. AXmWv `n. AXp-X-s-
bmWv \a- k v I m- c - ns Bmhpw. \n ]ecpsSbpw \a-
kvImcw Bmhv \jvS-s s]m-bmb Hcp NSp am{X-ambn
A[x-]-Xn-n-cn-pp.
\a-kvImcw
`n
Ir{Xna `n Im]- S y- a mWv . `n Dm- - e . AXv lrZ- b -
ns A `mK- p- \ nv _lnK- a n- p- I - b mWv thXv .
lrZbw Adnp sImp {]mY- \ - I \a- k v - c n- p- - h -
\n\n- p- mIWw. Am- l p- h p- a mbn a\p- j y Ghpw ASp-
p Hcp L- a m- W tm kpPqZv . B kpPp- Z n \nn- j v S -
ap {]Y- \ - I \S- p- h m \_n(- k ) D]- t Z- i n- n- c npp.
GXp `mjbpw k- i - m- \ mb Am- l p- h n\v Adn- b m- s a- Xv
sImv \psS lrZ-b-ns `mj-bn Ah-t\mSv {]mYnmw.
X-fpsS At]--Ifpw Bh-iy--fpw \n-{]-Im-i-\--fp-samw
lrZ- b w- K - a mb \nev Ah- X - c n- n- p- t msg `n Xpfp- p
{]mY\ DmIq F Imcy-n kwi-b-an.
Xmm- - f p- s S- \nXy Pohn- X - nse \qdp \qdp {]iv \ -
fpsS ]cn- l m- c - n\pw Am- l p- h ns klm- b - n- m- b p
AY\-Ifpw At]--Ifpw kpPq-Zn InSv sImv Io-scm-
en-nv dlvam-t\mSv tNmZn-p-hm Amlp Xs Znhkw Av
{]mhiyw \apv Ah-kcw Xn-cn--bmWv. ]t Fs\tbm
B bmYmYyw \mw hnkva-cnp. Ctm-gXv Hcp NSv am{X-ambn
Iem- i np. Xapew \a- k v I mcw \psS \nXy- P o- h n- X - n
bmsXm-cp-N-e-\hpw krjvSn-p-n. \n_--amb (^fzv) \a-
kv I m- c - v ]pdsa kpv \a- k v I m- c - IqSn \n- l n-
m Ckvemw \njvIjn-n-cn-p--Xn-ep XXzw \mw Am-lp-
hp-ambn IqSp-X _-s-Sm\pw Xq-ew -\-psS PohnXw ]q-
ambn ssZhm- [ n- j v T n- X - a mbnocp- h m\pw IqSn- b mWv . \njv I - f
lrZbtmsS \a- k v I m- c - nse Xkv _ o- l p- I - f p- s Sbpw ap
{]mY- \ - I - f p- s Sbpw Bi- b hpw AYhpw hy- a mbn a\- n- e m-
n- b n- c n- \a- k v I m- c - n `b- ` nbpm- I m A\n- h m- c y-
amWv. ]ecpw Cm-cy-n Ae-kX Impp. Cu kz`mhw amn-
sb-Sp-Ww. XIv_o sImm-cw-`nv kemw sIm-h-km-\n-p-
Xv hsc-bp B Ia--fpsS B-cnI kbpw Dcp-hn-Sp
]Z--fpsS kmchpw {Kln-n-n-s-n Cu Iaw sImv Dt-in
^ew Dmhp- I - b n. hepXpw sNdp- X p- a mb hnhn- [ - ` m- j - I - f n
Xm- d m- - s - n- p A\- h [n IrXn- I Cv kpe- ` - a mWv . Ah
hmn kqn-p-Ibpw kzbw hmbntm ap--h-cpsS -k-lm-b-
mtem {Klnv Pohn- X - n {]mtbm- K n- I - a m- AXym- h - i y-
amWv. Fn \apv \a-kvIm-c-n-eqsS Cl-]c hnPbw Ic--
am-m Ign-bp--Xnv ]pdsa im-amb lrZ-b-tmsS ssZh
kmao]yw t\Snb bYmY ASn-a-I-tfm-sSmw hn-m Ign-
18 \a-kvImcw 19
bp-Ibpw sNpw.
\a- k v I m- c - nse `n \jv S - s - S p- p ]e- X p- s Impw
\ndv \npIbm-Wnv \psS Npp-]m-Sp-I. hW i_-fn-
a-bm at\m-lc Zriy- sIm-ew-Ir-X-amb tZhm-e-b-fpw-
A- h - b nse Ae- m- c - fpw \psS `nsb Hc- f - t hmfw ssZh-
n \n- I pp- s hXv Hcp ]c- a mY- a mWv . Hcn- `wKn-
bp Hcp ]pSh \_n(-k)-bpsS ]Xv\n BCi(d)v Hcm km-
\np. Ah AXv sImv hncn-bp-mn hmXn-en Xqn. \_n
(-k) \a-kvI-cnp-hm \n-tm BCi-tbm-Sn-{]-Imcw ]dp:
BCim \ns Cu hncn Fs `nv `wKw hcp-pp Fs
apn \nv AX-gn-pampI. `wKn-bp Zriyw {]hmN--I Xs
\a-kvIm-c-nse `nv t]mepw `wKw hcp-p-sav `b-s-p-
sh-n \psS Ah-tbm? at\m-l-c-fmb hncn-p-I-fnepw
{]uV- K w- ` o- c - a mbew- c n dqap- I - f nepw ]n- I - f nepw shv \a-
kv I - c n- p- - h - c psS apgp{ibpw AXn- t e- m- I jn- sSp- I -
bnt? IqSp- X IqSp- X Aew- I r- X - a m- m- \ mWv \mw \psS
[\hpw Azm-\hpw Nne-h-gn-p-Xv. ]Icw e`n-p-tXm \iz-
c-amb t]cpw s]c-pabpw am{Xw. AXn-\m Ccw Ae-m-c--
fpw B`m- S - fpw Hgn- h m- pXv \a- k v I m- c - n `n- b p- m-
hm klm-bIc-amWv.
dkq (k) \a-kvIm-c-n {]th-in-m Hcp Rcw Xs
s\ns `mK-p-\npw tIm-sapw Nn-bnse Pew Xnf-p-
Xv t]mse-bp i_vZw sXfnp tIm-sapw klm-_n-
I hnh-cn-pXv lZo-kp-Ifn ImWmw. lrZ-b-ns Zo\tcmZ-
\hpw s\p-cp-In-bp {]mY-\bpw B lrZ-b-n Ae-X-p-
-Xns {]Xy-tm-Zm-l-c-W--fmh. Ahn-Sps klm-_n-I-fpsS
nXnbpw adn-m-bn-cp-n. dlvam-\p-am-bp A`n-apJ kw`-j-W-
n apJw Ipn-In-S-p--h `uXnI temI-hp-am-bp k
_--fn \npw tamNn-X-\m-bn-cnpw. lrZbw Am-lp-hn
ebn-n--h-\mbncnpw. Ccw Hcm-cm-[-\v am{X-amWv temIv
Ne\w krjvSn-m Ign-bpI. B Ne-\-amWv Ncn-{X-n Xpey-
X-bn-m hn[w \_n(-k) bpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw temIv ImgvN
shXpw.
\-a-kvI-cn-m-\mbn Hcp apdn hon-ep-m-bn-cn--W-sav \_n(-
k) \nt-in-n-cn-pp. `n ]pc-cw kuI-cy-tmsS Bcm-
[\ \n- l n- m\p Ah- k cw AXv aptJ\ Dm- b n- o- c - W -
sa ey-amWv AXn-ep-Xv. kp-p \a-kvIm-c- hon
shm-bncn- {]tXyIw t{ijvTam-n-cn-p-Xpw Cu ey-
\a-kvImcw
n\v thn-bmWv. \a-kvI-cn-p--h-cpsS ASppshv Dds
kwkm-cn-p-Xpw A]-i-_vZ--fp-m-p-Xpw \_n(-k) hntcm-
[n-n-cnpp. Dd-s-bp Izp-B ]mcm-bWw t]mepw \a-kv-
I-cn-p--hs ASpv shv \nb-{-W-v hnt[-b-am-bn-cn-
Ww. XnIpw \ni-_v-Z-hpw im-hp-amb A-co--amWv \a-
kvIm-c-n-m-hiyw. tImem-lew \nd Npp-]m--Sn \n-Ip
\nv kz-am-b AhkvY krjvSnv \a-kvImcw \n-ln-pI
`n-bp-m-Im\p amK-amWv.
\a-kvIm-c-n\v t]mIp-tm hfsc AS-hpw HXp-hpw
ImWn-t--Xpv. HmSn-n-Xv [r-Xn-bn \a-kvIm-c-n {]th-
in-pXv D-a-a. Pam-Av \jvS-s-Sp-sav `b-ap--tm
IqSn AanXhy{KX `qj-W-a. \_n(-k) ]d-bpp: \a-kvIm-cs
`n-tbmSpw AS--tmSpw IqSn kao-]n-pI. Cam-ap-ambn GXv
Ne-\-n\pw tNv sImpI (ap-kvenw). -tIm-]m-Ip-e\pw ]cn-
{`m- - \ pamb Ah- - b n \a- k v I m- c - n {]th- i n- - c pXv .
XnIpw kp-jvS\pw {]Xymim\n`-c-\p-am-bn-m-bn-cn-Ww \a-
kv I m- c - n {]th- i n- t - Xv . \a- k v I - c n- p- - h - c psS `nv
`wKw hcm-Xn-cn-m-\mbn \a-kvIm-c-m-cpsS ap]n-eqsS \S-p-
Xv Ii-\-ambn \ntcm-[n-n-cn-pp. Cu \nbaw ewLn-p--
hsc _ew {]tbm-Knp Xn-amm \_n(-k) \nt-in-n-cn-pp.
\mev]Xv (hjw) Imp-\ntIn hcn-I-bm-sW-n AXmWv
\a- k v I - c n- p- - h - c psS apn- e qsS \S- p- - X n- s \- m
Dasav dkq (k)-]-d-bp-p.
ae-aq{X hnkP-\-n\v Bh-iyw t\cn-Sp-tm Ahbvv
apK- W \ \In kz- a mb tijw \a- k v I m- c - n {]th- i n-
pI. `-Wm-h-iyhpw \a-kvIm-chpw Htc k`-n BK-
X- a m- I p- t m `Ww Ign- p- - X n\v apK- W \ \Ip- I .
AXypjv W w AXn- s siXyw Fnh \a- k v I m- c - n\v `wK- a mbn
\nev p- t m Ahv ia\w Is- p Imcy- sNbv X
tijw \a- k v I m- c - n {]th- i n- pI. ssewKn- I m- k - n- b m
CWsb kao-]n-m-\m-{Klw P\n-p-tm Ahcp-ambn _-sv
hnImcia\w hcpn ip- a mb tijw \a- k v I m- c - n {]th-
in- pI Fn- X ymZn [mcmfw Imcy- \_n(- k ) bn \np
\ntZ-in--s-n-pv. CXn-semw AS-n-bn-cn-p XXzw ]q
`n-bp Bcm-[\ Hcp apkven-an \np-m-Is FXv am{X-
amWv. Cns\ km`n-I-amb A\n-hmcyXI `nv `wKw hcp-
p- s av ImWp- t m lrZb kmnyw Ic- K - X - a m- t hmfw
A]kz]w \op-t]m-p-I Bhm-sa ]mT-amWv Ccw
20 \a-kvImcw 21
\nt-i-fn AS-n-bn-cn-p-Xv. Cu hn[ Imcy- {in-p-
Xv \a-kvIm-c-n `n-bp-m-Im D]-I-cn-p-sa--Xn kwi-
b-an-.
-kw-L-SnX \a-kvImcw
Hp \a-kvI-cn-p-Xn-s\-m Ccp-]n Ggv Ccn {]Xn-
^-eml-am-bXmWv Iq-am-bp \a-kvImcw. \a-kvI-cn-p--h-cn
]ecpw Cmcyw {in-msX hnSp-Xv tJZ-I-c-amWv. Amlp ]d-
bpp.
\n \a- k v I mcw apd{]Imcw \n- l n- pI. kImv
sImSp-pI. dpIqAv sNp--htcmsSmw (\-a-kvI-cn-p--h-tcm-
sSmw) dpIq-Av sNpI (2:43). Cukm \_n (A)bpsS amXm-hmb
adnban(- d )- t \mSv Amlp ]dXmbn Izp- B D- c n- p- Xv
C{]-Im-c-amWv.
""a-bta, \ns \mY\v apn `n ]pc-cw (\nv sImv)
-km-jmSmwKw sNpI. dpIqAv sNp--h-tcm-sSmw (\-a-kvI-cn-
p- - h - t cm- s Smw) dp- I q- A v sNpI.'' (3:43) \_n(k)bpsSbpw
Ahn- S ps A\p- N - c am- c p- s Sbpw Iqm- b p \a- k v I m- c s
Amlp {]iwknv sImv ]d-bp-Xv ImWp-I.
""\n-b-ambpw Xm-tfm-sSmw Hcp hn`mKw A\p-N-camcpw
cm{Xn-bnse aqn cv `mKnepw ]Ip-Xn-bnepw aqn Hcp
`mK-tm-S-Sp ka-b-n-ep-samw \a-kvI-cn-p-p-shv Xm-
fpsS \mY hy-ambn a\-n-em-n-b-cn-pp.'' (73:20). C-{Xbpw
Izp-B hN-\--fn \np Xs Pam-Ap \a-kvImcns
{]m[m- \ yw t_m[y- s - S p- p.
\a-kvImcw
Pam-Ap \a-kvImcw Dt]-n-p--h-cpsS hoSp-Iv Xo
sImfp-p-hm\pw F\nv Nne-tm tXmn-tm-Im-dpsv \_n
(k)]d-bpp (_p-Jm-cn). -aXnbmb Imc-W--fn-msX Pam-A-m-
bp \a- k v I mcw Dt]- n- pXv Hcp ]m]- a mbn dkq (k)
Fn-bn-cn-pp. kwL-am-bp \a-kvIm-c-m Ftm-sSmw
BZys hn`m-K-n kzK-n {]th-in-p-sapw D-X--
fmb aWn- a m- f n- I - I fpw Hcp ImXpw Hcp lrZ- b hpw Hcp Ipw
tIp- I tbm Nnn- p- I tbm sNbv X n- n- m ku`m- K y-
kzK- n- e - h v \I- s - S p- s apw Xncp- t a- \ n(- k ) Acp- f pp.
hr--fpsS Ce-I-sf-m-tfsd ]m]]n-e-\m-bmepw kq-a-X-
tbmsS hpfzq- A v sNbv X v Pam- A - mbn \a- k v I - c n- p ]w
Ahs ]m]- Amlp s]mdpp sImSp-pI Xs sNp-
sav \_n(-k) Hcn- Hcmsf D]-tZ-inp. Pam-A-v \-a-kvIm-
c- fn ae- p- I fpw \- h - c mb Pnp- I fpw ]s- S p- p- s apw
a\p-jy-cpsS {]mY-\m-th-f-I-fn (^m-n-l-bn-) Bao -sNmp-
- t Xm- s Smw Ahcpw Bao ]d- b p- s apw AXn- \ m
^mnlbn Bao- Hcp-anp ]d-bpI Fpw \_n(-k) ]d-bp-
p. AIm- c - W - a mbn aqp Znhkw XpSbmbn Pam- A - n
]s-Sp-m--hs\ `c-W-IqSw ]nSn-IqSn inn- Jmkn(-`-cW
Im-)amcpsS I-hy-am-sWv ]e alm-]-WvUn-X-mcpw
hn[n ]d-n-cn-pp. Hmtcm al-nsebpw ]n-I-fn Pam-Av
\a- k v I mcw kwL- S n- n- - W - s apw AXv sNm ]w B
\mp-Im apgp-h\pw Ip-m-cm-sWpw Ckvemw \njvIjn-n-cn-
pp.
Hcn- A-\mb A_vZp-m-ln_v\p Dn aIvpw(d) Xn-
X-Sv dkq(-k)-bpsS kn-[n-bn hp C{]-Imcw ]dp:
Am- l p- h ns {]mhm- N - I tc, ]n- b n- t ev hgn- I m- n- b n- m
A- \ mb Rm Av {]hiyhpw Pam- A - n ]ptN- c -
Wtam. \_n(- k ) {]Xyp- - c w- \ In: Bhiyan. Atlw
CXvtIv ktmjtmsS Xncn-p t]mIm XpS-p-tm-sgpw
dkq(-k) At-ls Xncnp hnfnp tNmZnp: Dp-aIzvpw
_v hnfn tI- m dptm? Atlw ]dp: AsX tIm-
dpv . Atm \_n (k) ]dp: Fn Xmfpw ]n- b n
ht Xocq. t\mpI hgn- I m- n- b n- m A- \ mb BIqSn
_mp tIp-sa-n ]n-bn Pam-A-n\v ]s-Sp-m-s\--
W- s a- p \ntiw CXns {]m[m\yw F{X- a m- { X- a p- s v
sXfn-bn-p-p.
]s \m\m-`m-K-p-\npw _mns a{[z\n IW]pS-
22 \a-kvImcw 23
- f n h- e - X - n- b npw sXpw AXn- t \mSv Iqdp ]pem
\n A[n-I-t]cpsSbpw nXn Duln-p-hm IqSn h. A_q-
Zm-hqZv dntmv sNbvX Hcp lZo-kn C{]-Imcw ImWmw. GsX-
nepw Hcp- I p- { Km- a - ntem {Kma- ntem aqp t]sc- nepw
apkvenw-I-fmbn Dmhp-Ibpw Ah Pam-A-mbn \a-kvI-cn-p-
Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-n Ahsc Hcn-epw ]nim-Nv ]n-Sn-Iq-Sp-I-bn
ImcWw Iqw sXnb BSn-s\-bm-Wtm ]nimNv ]nSn-Iq-SpI. Cu
lZo-knse D]-a-bn \nv Iqw sXn sNm-b-bpsS ]nSn-bn-e-I-
s-Sp BSn-t\mSmWv Pam-A-n ]s-Sp-m--hs\ \_n(-
k) D]-an-n-cn-p-Xv. AXn-\m Iqw sXnb H-bm-Sns\ t]mse
\ne-hn-fn-tm-Sp Zu`m-Ky-hm\mIm-Xn-cn-m \mw {ian-p-I.
Dt]n-p--hv XmoXv
A_v Z p- m- l n_v \ p akv - D uZv (d) D- c n- pp. Atlw
]dp: Hcm apkven-am-bn-sImp Xs Am-lp-hns\ Ip-
ap- - W - s av B{K- l n- p- p- s h- n hnfn(- _ m- v ) - t Ip- n- S -
tv Pam-Av \a-kvIm-c-mbn Aq--tcm-sSmw t]mbn
sImv kq-aX ssIsIm-s. ImcWw B \a-kvIm-cw \_n
(-k)-bpsS AXypIr-jvS- k{-Zm-bam-bn-cp-p. \nbw Amlp
AXypIrjvS Ncy-IfmWv \n-fpsS {]mhm-N-I\v \nb-a-am-n-
bn-p-Xv. \n \n-fpsS hoSp-I-fn shv Cu ]nn \np-
h Ah- c psS hoSp- I - f n shp \nh- l n- p- - X p- t ]mse
sNbvXm \n-fpsS (Poh-t\-m kvt\ln-m IS-s-)-{]-hm-
N-Is (a-tlm--X)-N-cy-sb-bmWv \n-fp-t]-n-p-Xv. \n-
fpsS (a-lm\m-b)B {]hm-N-Is Ncy Dt]-n-m \n amK
{`wi- c m- b n- X ocpw; Xn. GsXmcph \mbn kqv a - X - t bmsS
ipn(hpfzp) sNbvXp Cu ]n-I-fn GsX-nepsamns\ ey-
amn t]mIp- pthm Ahs Hmtcm Imsh- n\pw Hmtcm
]pWyhpw (A- m- l p- h n- ) Hmtcm ]Z- h n- b p- b - b p- a pv .
Ahs Hmtcm Xna-Ifpw ambv-spsImn-cnpw. \nivNbw,
I]- S (ap- \ m- ^ nIzv ) Fv hy- a mbn Adn- b - s - S p- - h - \ - msX
amcpw R-fn (]-n-bn t]mIm-sX) ]nn-\nmdn. R--
fn Nnesc (tcm-Ktam atm Imc-W-m ) cp-t] Xmn-]n-
Snv ]n-bn-tev sImp hcn-Ibpw AWn-bn \np-Ibpw
sNm-dpv. (apkvenw, A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, -\-km-Cu)
C_v\p akv-DuZn (d)s Cu hmp-I lrZ-b-kv]r-mWv.
{]tXy-Inv I]-Sam-cpsS {]h-\-am-bn-mWv \_n-bpsS kJm-
Cu {]h-W-Xsb In-cp--sXpw \n ]ngp t]mIm
\a-kvImcw
Cu DIrjvS Ncy-bpsS t\p Ae-k-a-t\m-`mhw am{Xw aXn
FXpw I\ Hcp XmnXp IqSn- b mWv .
Pn_v c o (A) \a- k v I m- c - ns cq]hpw ka- b hpw \_n(-
k)bvv ]Tn-n--tm \_nsb Xs ]nnepw \_n (k) P\-
sf X\nv ]nnepw \nnsImv Hcp-anv (P-am-A-mbn)
BWv \a-kvI-cn-sXpw lZo-kp-I-fn ImWmw. CXn \np
\n\a-kvImcw H-bvp \n-ln tijw ]n-bn-se-nb
hyn-tbmSv Atm ]n-bn \S-p Pam-A-n ]s-Sp-
m \_n(-k)-I]n kw`-hhpw hml-\-n shv \a-kvI-
cn tijw ]nbn-se-nb hyn- Pam-A-n ]s-Sp-msX
amdn \n-tm, Rm \a-kvI-cnp Fp ]d-npw \_n(-k)
"\o Fm R- t fm- s Smw \a- k v I - c n- mXv \o Hcp apkv e n-
at' Fp Kuc-h-n tNmZn-Xpw _mv hnfn tIpIbpw
Imc-W-sam-p-an-msX AXn-p-cw sNm-Xn-cp--hv \a-kvIm-
c(-{]-Xn-^-e)-ta-bn F \_n hN\hpw ta]d hkvXp-Xsb
Hp- I qSn in- s - S p- pp.
]pWyw hfsc IqSp-X e`n-q-hm\pw Pam-Av A\n-hm-
cy- a mWv FpImWn- p \nc- h [n \_n hN- \ - ImWmw.
hontem Am-Sn-bntem shv Hv \n-ln-p--Xn-s\-m
25 Ccn {]Xn-^ew Pam-A-mbn \a-kvI-cn-p--Xn-epv (-_p-Jm-
cn, apkvenw, aph-Xz). cm{Xn-bnepw {]`m-X-nep-ap \a-kvIm-c--
fn ]n-bn lmP-dm-Ip--hv hn {]Xn-^ew hmKvZm\w
sN-s-n-p-v. Hcm CimAv \a-kvImcw Pam-A-mbn \n-
ln- m cm{Xn- b psS ]IpXn apgp- h \pw \a- k v I m- c - n- t es- -
hs {]Xn- ^ - e hpw kp_v l v \a- k v I mcw Pam- A - mbn \a- k v I -
cn-hv cm{Xn apg-h\pw \a-kvI-cnXns {]Xn-^-ehpw Dm-bn-
cnpw.
]n-bn-se-n-s-Sm km[n-m aX-]-c-amb Imc-W-
kwPm-X-am-b-tmgpw Pam-A-mbnmWv \_n(k)-\-a-kvI-cn-n-p--
Xv- Fpw ImWmw. A\kv (d) \nth-Z\w. \_n(-k) AXyp-X
kkz- ` m- h nbm- b n- c p- p. Atlw R- f n Bcp- s S- s b- nepw
honem-bn-cn-p-tm \a-kvImckabw Bk--amIpw. Atm
Ahn-Spv Ccn-p hncnv FSp-phm\pw AXv XpSv IpSv
hopw hncn-p-hm\pw \nt-inpw. tijw Atlw CJm-av
hnfnpw. R-sfbpw Iqn Ahn-Spv \a-kvI-cnpw (_pJm-cn,
apkvenw).
A\kv (d) hopw: Hcn \_n (k) IpXn-c-p-d-p-\nv
sXn hoWp. ico-c-ns heXp `mKv t]md-tep. R
24 \a-kvImcw 25
At- l s kin- m hon sNp. \a- k v I m- c - k - a bw
Bk--am-b-tm (R--fp-am-bn)- \-_n(-k) Ccpp \a-kvI-cnp
(_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw). Rfpw Ccpp Xs \a-k-I-cnp Fv
asmcp dntmnepw hn-p-v).
Npcp--n {]hm-N-I (k) F{X-am{Xw Kuc-h-n-emWn-
mcyw Xs kap- Z m- b s sXcy- s - S p- n- b ncn- p- Xv Fv
CXn \nsmw hy-am-Ip-p. ]cn-ip Izp-B ]d-bpp.
""At- l - ns I]- \ v FXn {]hn- p- - h
Xp h B]pw hp-`-hn-p-Itbm thZ-\-tb-dnb in
_m[n-p-Itbm sNp-Xv kqnp sIm-s.'' (24:63)
C{]- I mcw Izp- B - \ n \npw \_n hN- \ - - f n \npw
Pam- A - m- b p \a- k v I m- c - n {][m- \ y- h pw Bh- i y- I - X bpw
kpXcmw hy-am-Ipp. C{_mlnw \_n(A) {]mYn-Xv t]mse
\appw {]mYnmw
""\mYm, \a- k v I mcw apd- { ]- I mcw A\p- j v T n- p- - h - c n
Ftbpw Fs k- X n- I - s fbpw \o B- t - W ta R- f psS
{]mY\ kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNt-Wta.''
t\-
PamA-m-bp \a-kvIm-c- apkvenw kaq-l-n\v hnhn-
[--fmb Cl-]c hnP-b- {]Zm\w sNppv. ]c-tem-Is
]pWy--fmWv Ghpw {]m[m-\y-aln-p--sXnepw Hpw A{]-
[m- \ - - f - Cl- t em- I v \apv e`n- p hn t\- .
Hmtcm Znh-khpw Av t\cw Hmtcm al-p-I-fnsebpw Bfp-I
]n-I-fn Hp-IqSn {]mY-\-I \S-p-tm Ah-cn Dun
Dd- n- - s sFIy- t _m- [ hpw ka- X z- ` mh- \ bpw Dt- P n- X - a m-
Ipp. Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb Am-lp-hns apn tXmtfmSp tXmfp-
cpn `n\n`-c-ambn {]mYn-p-tm AXn \np-Xv`qX-am-
Ip- B\nhrXn Hp thsd Xs-. bP-am-\\pw ASn-abpw
\a-kvImcw
[\m-Vy\pw Zcn{Z\pw hen-b-h\pw sNdn-b-h\pw Am-lp-hns
apn ka-m-cm-sWv sXfn-bn-p B {]I-S\w F{X-am-{Xw
al--c-am-Wv! dkp(-k) ]dp: \n \n-fpsS AWn-I
icn- s - S pn ASp- Spv \npI. \n- f psS lrZ- b -
ASp-p-hm AXv Imc-W-am-tbpw. asmcn- \_n(-k) ]d-
p. AWn- I - icn- s - S p- pI. AWn- I - nS- b n ]nim- N n\v
CSw \I-cpXv. Ah \nfpsS lrZ-b-sf `nn-nv Ifbpw.
kXy-hn-izm-kn-I ktlm-Z-cam-cm-sW Izp-B hmIyhpw
apAvan\p-I Non ]p-I IWs kaam-cm-sW \_n
hN- \ - n- s bpw kmm- X v I m- c - a mWv Pam- A - n- e qsS Am- l p-
hns apn \mw ImgvN shp-Xv. kaql-nse hyn-I
Xn IqSp-X _-s-Sp-hm\pw Ipi-emt\zjW-- ssIam-
dp- h m\pw AXp aptJ\ sFIy- w \n- e q- m\pw k- i - - \ mb
Amlp Gs- S p- n- b n- c n- p Hcp h ]- X n- b m- W v \a-
kv I mcw. ap- - h cpsS {]iv - \ - t\cn- - d n- b m\pw Ahp
Iqmbn ]cn- l mcw Is- m- \ p- a p- X I- - h n[w Hcp Znh- k -
n ]e {]mh-iyw Ip-ap-m-\p kml-Ncyw Amlp \apv
krjv S nv Xn- c n- p- I - b mWv CXn- e qsS. Fm CXns {]m-
[m\yw {Kln- msX, As- n a\-- nembnpw {in- msX
]nncn-bp--hscpdnv Fp ]d-bm. AsX, Amlp \n
\- s N- m B{K- l n- pp. \ap- Xv thW- s a- n- s - ntem;
IwXs. ]e al-p-I-fnsebpw ]n-I hnP-\-ambn Camapw
apA- n\pw am{Xw ISa \n- l np t]mIp Zpc- h - - I m- W p-
tm Aev]-sa-nepw Cuam-\p lrZbw \Sp-pp.
acymZ-I
Pam- A v \a- k v I mcw ASppw Nn- t bmSpw IqSn- b m- b n- c n-
Ww \n-ln-t-Xv. Camw anlvdm-_n-tev hcp-Xv ImWp-
t apA-n CIzma-n-sm-cpWw. Atm-tgpw Bfp-I
AWn-I icn--bmn \nev-Ww. Bh-iy-sa-n Camw D]-tZ-in-
Ww. apA-n Cam-an\p t\sc ]nn heXp hipw ]no-
Sp B- A-Xn--Sppw ]noSv hepw ]noSv CSpw. Cu
{Ia- n- e mWv AWn- \ n- c - t Xv . GsX- nepw Hcp aqe- b n
\ntm Av \ntm AWn XpS--cpXv. Im aS-p-I- Htc
\ne-bn hc---hn-[-amWv \nt-Xv. hnc-ep-I-fpsS A-a
]cn-K-Wn-pI. CS-Xqv hnS-hp-I-fn-msXbmbn-cn-m {]XyIw
{in-t--Xpv.
]pcp-jamv ]nn Ipn-Ifpw Ahv ]nn kv{XoI-
26 \a-kvImcw 27
fpw {Ia-n AWn-\n-c-pI. cp AWn-In-S-bn Hcmv
kpPqZv sNm-\p esm-tfsd AIew Dm-I-cpXv. ]n
hnim- e - a m- s Wv hnNm- c nv AI- Iv AWnI Dm- - c pXv .
Fm- h cpw AWn\ncp Ign- m DS apA- n CIzm- a v
hnfn- Ww. CIzm- a v Xo- b p- S Camw XIv _ o sNmn \a-
kvIm-c-n {]th-in-p-Ibpw thWw. _mv hnfn-n-Xn-\p-ti-j-
ap {]mY\ Nne ChnsS Dcp- h n- S p- Xpw \nv shpI
F t]cn- e p Nne hmN- I - - k p- I \Sn ASp- p- -
h-sc-tmepw Bi-b-p-g--n-em-pXpamb Nne k{-Zm-b-
]e-bn-Spw ImWmw {]hm-N-I Ncyv \nc-m--h-bm-Wn-sXmw.
lrZ-b-n-ep-m-tI Dt-i-amWv \nv AmsX Dcp-hnXp-
sIm-p-m-Ip-X.
Camw XIv _ o sNmn \a- k v I m- c - n {]th- i n- mep- S
Xs Fm-hcpw \a-kvIm-c-n {]th-in-Ww. AXv G-hp-a-
[nIw ]pWyw e`yam-Im Imc-W-am-sWv \_n(-k) D]-tZ-in-n-
cn-pp. {]mcw` {]mY\ (Zp-B-D C^vXn-mlv)-I-gn-m
Cam-ans ^mn-l-smw Xs i_vZw Hcn-epw DbmsX
aAv-aq-ap-I ^mnl HmX-emWpaw. ImcWw Cam-ansbpw
aAv-aq-an-sbpw Bao sNm Hn-m-I {]Xn-^-eml-amb
Imcy- a msWv {]hm- N - I Acp- sNbv X ncn- pp. Bao
sNmpXv Dd-s-bm-bn-cn--W-sapw sNdp-{]-I-\w krjvSn--
- - X m- b n- c n- - W - s a- p Nne \nt- i - lZo- k p- I - f n
ImWmw. Camw ^mnlv tijw kqdv XpS-n-bm \ni-_vZ-
cmbn tIp- \ np- I - b mWv aAv - a q- a p- I thXv . kqd- pI
Cam-an-t\m-sSm-nv ]mcm-bWw sNt--Xn. Cam-an-t\m-sSm-ntm
DS-s\-tbm- dp-Iq-Ap-Ifpw kpPq-Zp-Ifpw ap--hbpsamw aAv-aq-
ap-Ifpw sNpI. Hcn-epw Cam-ant\m ap]m-I-cpXv. \_n(-
k) ]d- b pp: Igp- X - - e - I - f p- a mbn Dbns- g p- t v \ m- f n
Nnesc Amlp BK-Xm-cmpw. Ah \a-kvIm-c-n Cam-ans\
Ih- p- s hhcmWv .
]nnep- - h - s c XnIpw ]cn- K - W n- m- b n- Ww Camw \a-
kvImcw ZoLn-n-p-Xpw Npcp-p-Xpsamw. IW-n-e-[nIw
ZoLn-n-Xn\m hnj-an-p-t]mb aAv-aq-ap-I \_n(-k)bpsS
kn-[nbn Bh-emXns-tm Acw Cam-ap-Isf XmoXv
sNbvX kw`hw hnh-cn-p \nc-h[n lZo-kp-I-fpv.
hgn-bm-{X-m, tcm-Kn-I, hy-am, Ip-n-I AXym-h-iy-
m Fn-h-scms Xs ]nn-ep-m-Im-sa t_m[w Cam-an-
\p-m-IWw. ""\a-kvIm-cw ZoLn-n--W-sa-p-t-inv Rm \a-
\a-kvImcw
kvIm-c-n {]th-inpw. ]s Ipn-I-fpsS Ic-n tIp-
tm Ah- c psS amXm- hnj- a n- p- s a `b- m Rm
Npcppw'' Fv \_n(-k)- ]-d--Xmbn _pJmcn dntmv sNp-
p. \a-kvIm-cw -B-cw-`n--Xp-ap-X Ah-km-\npw hsc hnhn[
Nn- I - f n \np a\- ns\ icn- pw- \n- b - { np\n- Ww.
Amlphpam-bp IqSn-m-gvbnemWv (ap-\m-Pm-n-em-Wv)- Xm-
s\ t_m[- a m- b n- c n- Ww \s \bn- t - Xv . \_n (k) ]d-
bpp: "\ns \mYs\ \o Bcm- [ n- pI. Ahs\ Iap- n
ImWp-Xv t]mse. \o (\ns \ t\{X- sImv). A-hs\
ImWp- n- s nepw Ah \ns ImWp- pv . Cam- a n- t \- m
i_vZ-ap-bn Hpw sNmm-Xn-cn--em-Wv. (-B-an Hgn-sI) -D--
aw.
Camw BZys kemw honbm ap- - h cpw A{]- I mcw
sNWw. ]noSv cm-aXpw Camw cpw sNmn--gn-bp-thmfw
Imn- c n- - W - s a- n. cpw Cam- a n- t \m- s Sm- - a m- b n- c n- - e mWv
\Xv. \a-kvImcw Aan-X-amb thK-X-bn \n-ln-p-Xv dkq
(k) \ntcm- [ n- n- c n- pp. Acw \a- k v I m- c - mv \mi-
apmIs Fv \_n(-k) {]mYn-n-cn-pp. Nne tImgn-sImp
\a- k v I m- c - m Fm- W - h sc \_n(- k ) D]- a n- n- c n- p- Xv . ]cn-
ip daZm\n cm{Xn-I-fnse \a-kvImcw AXn-[r-Xn-bn \n-ln-
p BfpI Cmcyw {]mtXyIw {in-Ww.
28 \a-kvImcw 29
Xmsd-Spv
\Pkpw ipo-I-c-Whpw
aew, aq{Xw, cw, New, On-Xv, aZvbv (Im-a-hn-Imc thf-
bn P\-t\-{n-b-n-eqsS ]pdv hcp- {ZmhIw) hZvbv (`mcw
Npa- p- t mgpw aq{X- h n- k - \ m- \ - - c tam hcp {ZmhIw), e-
lcn ]ZmY- Fn-h-bpw \mb, ]n Fo Pohn-Ifpw a\p-
jy, ayw, Pdm-Zv (-Hcp Xcw shp-In-fn) Fnh HgnsIbp
Fm ih--fp-amWv \P-kp-I (amen-\y-). Chsb sF\-
P-kp-I (k Xs Aip--am-bh) Fp ]d-bp-p.- C-cw
\P- k p- I - f n \nv \a- k v I - c n- p ehpw hkv { Xhpw ico-
chpw ]q-ambpw ip-am-bn-cn-Ww. CXv \a-kvImcw icn-bm-Ip-
-Xn-\p iXzp(-\n-_--\) Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.
sF\-P-kp-I-fn, \mb-bp-sSbpw ]n-bp-sSbpam ih-
ns tXmep- I Dud- n- m ip- a m- I p- XmWv . elcn
]ZmYw kzb- a n- c pp kp- b mbn cq]m- - c - s - m Ahbpw
ip-amWv ap \P-kp-I kzb-tah ip-am-Ip--htbm ip-am-
m ]p--h-tbm- A. Ah hkv{X-ntem atm Bbm ip-
am-Ipw hsc Igp-IpI. cp Jpv (H-t-Im apgw hoXw \of-
hpw hoXnbpw Bg-hp-ap Hcp Ipgn-bntem ]m{X-ntem Dsm-
p shw) sh--n Xmsg-bp--Xn \Pkv hoWm B
shw apgp-h Aip--am-Ip--XmWv. AXn IqSn-b-Xn \Pkv
hogp-Ibpw sh-n\v \nd-hy-Xym-khpw aWhpw cpNn-bp-ap-m-
bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXm B shw \P-km-bn-ocpw.
\mb Xe-bn ]m{Xw Ggp {]mhiyw Igp-IWw AXn GsX-
nepw Hcp {]hiytXv ap- I - e nb shw sImmbn- c n-
Ww sImXp- I v , - a q, sNv , ]m apX- e m- b - h - b psS chpw,
sNmdn apX-em-b-h-bn \np Ipd chpw, N-ehpw, Cu
\a-kvImcw
hm apX-em-b-h-bpsS aehpw aq{Xhpw \P-p-I-f. ]m am{Xw
`n-n-p sNdnb BIp-n-I-fpsS aq{Xw hkv{X-ntem atm
Bbm AXn shw Xfn-m aXn. \P-kmb hkvXp--fpsS
ta shsamgnv Igp-Ip-IbmWv thXv.
ak-aq{X hnk\ tijw B `mK-- \mbn ipNn-bm-
Ww. AXn- t \- hpw Daw sh- a m- W v . IS- e mkv , Iv , ioe
Fnh \Pkv hen- s - S p- m\pXIp- h - b m- s W- n Acw
hkvXp- sImpw iuNyw sNmhp--XmWv. shw sImv
iuNyw sNp--Xn\v appw C-cw hkvXp- IqSn D]-tbm-
Kn-p-Xv \Xp Xs.
a\pjy ipIv f w \P- k F- X mWv {]mam- W n- I m`n- { ]mbw,
I^w, aq- , Xp- p- \ o, amwkw, `y- t bm- K y- a mb arKfpsS
tIe Fn- h bpw \P- k p- I - f . Fnepw Ch- shw sImv
ipo-I-cn-p-IbmWv thsXp {]hm-N-Is Ncy-I-fn \nv
hy- a m- I p- p.
EXpcw
sslfzv F Ad_n ]Z- ns AY- a mWv EXp- c w
F- X v . kv { XoIv ]Xn- a qtm ]Xn- \ m- t em- h - b v {]mb- a m- I p-
tm Bhw Bcw- ` n- p- p. CtXmsS kv { XoI {]mb-
]qn- b m- b - h - c mbn KWn- - s - S pp. A]qh- a mbn Nnev
Pohn- X - n- s em- c n- epw B- h - a p- m- b n- s pw hcmw. ap
Nnev ]v hb-n\p ap]v Xs Dm-sbpw hcpw. amkw
tXmdpw Dm- I m- d p Cu cw Hcp ]q Znh- k - s a- nepw
DmIpw. anX- a mbn Ggp Znhkhpw Ihn- m ]Xn- \ p
Znhkw hsc-bp-m-Ipw. Hcp Znh-k-s-m Ipd-mepw ]Xn-
\-p Znh-k-s-m IqSn-bmepw AXv tcmK e-W-ambn IW-
msSpw. Atm AXp B-h-a. B-h-cw a
Iep Nph c-am-bn-cnpw.
B-h-ap--tm t\mpw \a-kvIm-chpw henb Aip-n-
bn l- d m- a m- I p Fm Imcy- fpw \njnamWv . Bhw
Xocp- Xv hsc- b p \a- k v I mcw \n- l n- t - - X n. Fm
t\mv ap Znh-k--fn ipn-bmb tijw t\md-dp-ho-t--Xm-Wv.
{]k-h-cw
kv{XoIv {]k-hm-\-cw {khn-p c-amWv \n^mkv
({]- k - h - c - I Xw). Ipd- Xv Hcp \nan- j tam km[m- c - W - b n
\m]tXmfw Znh-ktam IqSn-bm Adp-]Xv Znh-ktam DXpm-
30 \a-kvImcw 31
Ip- - X mWv . AXn Ihn- m tcmK- I m- c - W - a m- b n- c npw.
B-h-Im-cn-Iv ldm-am-bsXmw Chpw \njn--amWv.
cw {khn- p- Xv \npIgn- m Ipfnv ipn- b mbn
Bcm- [ - \ - I \n- l n- Ww. \psS \mSp- I - f nse kv { XoI
c-hm Ah-km-\n-mepw Znhkw XnI-p-hm-\mbn HXp-n-n-
Sv A{Xbpw \mfs \a- k v I m- c hpw apw Hgn- h mpXv icn-
b. c-km-nyw Ah-km-\n--Xmbn Dd-m-bm Ipfnp ip-
ambn \a-kvI-cn-t--XmWv. {]k-h-cw Ipdv Znh-kw -am-{Xta
kv{XoIp-m-Im-dpp. \mev]Xv Znhkw XpS-bmbn Dm-
hpI Ahq-amWv. AXn-n-S-bn Ahpw cw \nepw.
Atm Ahpw ip-am-Im-hp--Xm-Wv.
c{kmhw
EXp c-nsbpw {]k-h-c-n-sbpw IqSnb ]cn-[n-
Ip-tijhpw cw ImWp-I-bm-sW-n AXv CkvXnlm-fzv
(c {kmhw) Bbn-cnpw. Ch \nXy Aip-n-m-cmWv. Ch
t\mpw \a-kI v m-chpw \n-ln-t-X- pv. EXpc-n-s amk-ap-
d-bnse Znh-k - n]vXs - -Spn A{Xbpw Znhkw B-ha - mbn
IW-m-p-I. t- i-ja - p Znh-k- c-{kmh Zn\-f- mbn FpI.
c{kmh- a p- - t m kwtbmKw A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a m- W v .
Fs B- h - \ m- f p- I v tijw ipn- b mbn \a- k v I m-
chpw apw A\p- j v T n- Ww. Ch Hmtcm \a- k v I m- c - n\pw
kabw Bb-Xn\v tijw hpfzp sNpI. hpfzp-hn\v apv Kqlym-
h- b - h w IgpIn ]nbpw ioe- b p- a p- ] - t bm- K nv Xmdp sIWw.
ASp hIzvn\v Cu sInb ]n c-n IpXns-n
amn ]pXn- b h shv hpfzp sNbv X v \a- k v I - c n- - W w. Cs\
shp sIp- I bpw hpfzp sNpIbpw sNbv X tijw A]w
cw hm Xs Ku\n-t--Xn. Xmakw hcp-msX DSs\
\a- k v I - c n- - W - s ap am{Xw. Nne Ia imkv { X ]n- X am
^nIzvlv {K--fneqsS c{kmh-ap kv{XoIv ITn-\hpw
A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-hp-amb Nne \nt-i- \In ImWpp. Ah
Ahsc `b- s - S p- p- - X n\pw Xaqew Bcm- [ - \ m- I a- - f n
\nhsc ]nn-cn-n-p--Xn\pw hgn-sh-p-p-sv {]tXyIw
kvac-Wo-b-amWv
henb Aipn
Ipfn \n_- - a mIp Imcy- - f p- m- b m Ah\p henb
Aipnbp- h Fp ]d- b pp. Dd- ntem DW- b ntem
\a-kvImcw
C{nb kvJe\w kw`-hn-pI (P\m-_-vIm)B-h-ap-m-
IpI, kwtbmKw sNpI, {]-k-hn-p-I-, {]-k-h-c-w ]pd-s-SpI
Fo Imc-W-fm Ipfn \n_--am-bn-o-cpp. Ccw L-
-fn Ipfn-pXn\v ap]v Xmsg ]d-bp Imcy- \njn-w
(-ldmw) BIp-p.
1. -]-n-bn Xma-kn-
2. -B-h-Im-cn,- {]-k-hn--h, {]-khc-ap--h Fn-
h kwtbmKw sN
3. -\-a-kv-Imcw
kvJe\w kw`-hnnn-s-nepw Ipfn \n--am-sWp \_n
hN\w ]Tn- n- pp. A_qlpdbv d (d)bn \nv . \_n (- k )
]dp. Ah- f psS (`m- c y- b p- s S) \mep hi- - f n- e p- a mbn Ah
Ccpp. Ah-fp-ambn sa\-sp. \nbw Ipfn Ah\p \n_--
ambn (_p-Jmcn,apkvenw). Camw apkven-ans asmcp dntmn
kvJe\w kw`-hn-n-n-s-nepw F ]Zhpw IqSn hn-p-v.
Ipfn
Ipfn- p- I - b m- s W \npw icocw apg- h sh- s am-
gpn Igp-I-ep-amWv Ipfn-bpsS ^fp-I. ico-c-nse amen-\y-
\opI, BZy-n hpZzp sNpI, _nkvan sNmpI, X-e-
apSn hnc sImv NoIn Igp- I pI. aqp {]hiyw ico- c - n
sh-sam-gp-pI Fnh Ipfn-bpsS kp-p-I-fm-Wv. \_n-Xn-
cp- t a\n (k)- b psS Ipfnsb kw_- nv BCi(d)- b n \nv
_pJm-cnbpw apkvenapw D-cn lZo-kn \np Ipfn-bpsS ]q
cq]w \apv {Klnmw.
dkq(k)- P - \ m- _ p Ipfn- p- t m BZy- a mbn Ccp- I - c -
fpw IgpIpw. ]noSv he-XpssIsImv CSXpssI-bn sh-
sam-gnv ssewKn-Im-h-b-h-b- IgpIpw. tijw hpZp sNpw.
A\-cw shw ssII-fn tImcn-sb-Spv apSn-bpsS Dn-tev
hnc- e p- I {]th- i n- npw. XpSp aqp tImc sh-
samgnpw. ico-c-ns ap `mK--fnepw (h-eXp `mKv BZyw
]ns CSXv) sh-sam-gnpw. ]noSv Iqfn-n-cp ev \nv
amdn-\nv Imen sh-sam-gnpw (_p-Jmcn,ap-kvenw). kv{XoIfpw
henb Aip-n-bpsS Ipfn C{]-Im-c-amWv \n-ln-t-Xv. ico-
c- nse Npfn- h p- I - f pw Cdp- I nb `mK- fpw kqnv Igp- I pI,
Agpv apgp- h t]mIm\pX- I p hkv X p- D]- t bm- K n- pI
Fnh {in-t--XmWv. \n_--an-s-nepw Xmsgd-bp--h-
p-thn Ipfn- Ckvemw sFOn-I-ambn \nt-in-n-cn-pp.
32 \a-kvImcw 33
1. sh- n- b mgv Ifn- t ebpw s]cp- m- f p- I - f n- s ebpw Ppap- A -
Iv thn.
2. anv Ipfn-n hyn.
3. Aapkvenw Ckvemw kzoI-cn-m.
4. sImvsh-Xn\v thn.
\a-kvImcw ]qW-ambpw `n \n`-c-am-h-Wsan Ah-
bpsS {Iafpw cq]-fpw \a-kvmcntev {]th-in-p--
Xn\v ap]v Xs {Kln-n-cn-Ww. sNdpXpw hep-X-pamb Aip-
n-bn \nv ip-am-h-Ww. sNdnb Aip-n-bn \nv ip-am-
Ip-hm hpZphpw henb Aip-n-bn \nv ip-am-Ip-hm Ip-
fnbpw Ckvemw \njvIjn-n-cn-pp. Aip--hms \a-kvImcw
kzoImcytbmKy-a. `n Bob ipn-bmWv. hpZphpw Ipfnbpw
imco-cnI ipnbpw.
AwK ipn
kzbw ipn-bp asm-ns\ ip-am-m sIp kz-
amb(Xzlq- d mb) shw sImmWv hpZphpw Ipfnbpw \S- t -
Xv. BZy-ambn hpZp-hns\pdnv a\-n-emmw.
hpZp sNp-I-bm-sW Dt-iy-tmsS (\n--tm-sS)-bmWv
Bcw-`n-t-Xv. BZy-ambn _nkvan sNmn- ]pw hmbbpw I-gp-
IpI. ]noSv ssISw cpw IgpIn aqp {]mhiyw hoXw hm-
bn shw Ihn sImpIbpw AXn-t\m-sSmw aqn sh-w
Ibn Nop-Ibpw sNpI. dkqens (k)- h pZp- h n- s \- I p- d nv
Cwdm\n (d)-\nv apkvenw D-cn lZokv ImWp-I.
Atlw ]dp: Hcn- Dkv a m (d)- I p- d p shw
Bh- i y- s - S p- I bpw Xmsg ]dbpw {]Imcw hpZp- F - S p- p- I bpw
sNbv X p. Atlw aqv { ]m- h iyw apssII IgpIn. tijw
Ipep- n- b p- g n- b pIbpw aqn \nv shw NonIf- b p- I bpw
sNbvXp. ]noSv aqp {]mh-iyw apJw IgpIn. A\-cw heXpw
CSXpw ssII app-hsc aqp {]mhiyw hoXw IgpIn. ]noSv
Xe XShn. tijw aqp {]h-iyw hew-Imepw ]noSv CSwImepw
Rcn- b m- W n- h sc IgpIn. Fntlw C{]- I mcw ]d- p: C{]-
Imcw dkq (k) hZp- s Nbv X tijw Acpfn: h- h \pw Rm
Cu sNbv X hpZp t]mse AwKipn hcpn cp dIv - A v
\a- k v I - c n- m Ahs Ignp t]mb ]m]- s]mdp- - s -
Sp--XmWv. (ap-kvenw)
\_n(k) Xe XS-hp--tXm-sSm--amWv sNhn-Ifpw XS-hn-bn-
cp- Xv . Xe- X - S - h Hcp {]mh- i y- t a- b pq. sh- n ssIap-
\a-kvImcw
n- b tijw X- h n- c cp sNn- I - f nepw shv Xe- b psS
ap`mKw apX ]n`mKw hscbpw Xncnpw XS-hp-I. sNhn-bpsS
AIhpw ]pdhpw Ahn- S pp XS- h n- b n- pv . sN- h n- I XS-
hmam{Xw ]pXp-Xmbn shw FSp-n-n Fm-Wv kzlo-lmb
lZo-kp-I-fn hn-p-Xv. ]m{X--fn \nmWv hpfp sNp-
-sX-n ssII ]m{X-n-tev {]th-in-npw apv shw
sNcn- s - S pv app XhW ssII Igp- I nb tijta ]m{X-
n ssIbnv sh saSp-m-hq. -l-Zo-kp-I-fn A{]-Imcw hn-
p-v. hpZp-hn\v Aan-X-ambn sh-ap-]-tbm-Kn-cpXv. honp apn-
eqsS Hgp-Ip ]pg-bn \nm-bmepw aqn-e-[nIw {]mhiyw Igp-
I-cp-sXp \_n(-k)-bpsS D]-tZiw {iml-amWv.
\nv , apJw I- g p- I , ssI cpw aptmfw Igp- I ,
Xe- X - S - h , Im Igp- I , {Ia- { ]- I m- c - a m- I Fnh ^Zp-
Ifmbpw AwK--fn sh samen-n-pI shw tNcp--Xn\v
XS- - a p ]ZmY- AwK- - f n Cm- X n- c n- pI Fnh
ip- I - f mbpw Iimkv { X ]Wv U n- X am \n- b n- n- c n-
pp.
_nkv a n sNmpI, ankv h mp sNpI, ssI- Sw Igp- I pI,
hmbnepw aqnepw shw tNpI, sNhnI XS-hpI, tXp-c-
pI, he-t-XmZyw sNpI Xnnb XmSn NoInIgp-IpI, Izn_ve
-`n-ap-J-ambncnpI, ssIIm-ep-I Ibn Igp-IpI, aqp {]mh-
iyambn-cn-pI Fnh hpZphns kp- p- I - f mWv Hmtcm Ah-
b-h-fpw Igp-Ip-tm {]tXy-I-ambn Hpw-sNm-p-hm \nt-
in--s-n-n. hpfzp Ign-m C{]-Imcw {]mYn-pI.
(A-ivlZp Aem Ceml C-mlp hlvZlp em i-co--e-
lp, h- A-ivlZp A apl--Z A_vZplp hd-kq-eplp; Am-
l-p- CPv-A\o an\--m-_o\ hPvA\o an\ apX-Xz-lvln-
co)
""Amlp AmsX Bcm- [ - \ - l- \ nspw Ah
GI\pw ]p- I m- c - \ n- m- - h \m- s Wpw Rm kmyw hln-
pp. apl- Zv ( k)- A - h s ASn- a - b pw ZqX- \ p- a m- s Wp Rm
kmyw hln- pp. Am- l pth, Fs ]m- - ] n- p- - h -
34 \a-kvImcw 35
cnepw ]cn-ip--cnepw Ds-Sp-t-Wta!''
hpZp apdn- b p Imcy-
Xmsg--d-bp Imcy--fm hpZzp Zp_-e-am--s-Sp--XmWv.
1. ae,- aq{X Zzmc--fn-eqsS hXpw ]pds-SpI.
2. Ddw, _p- n- { `aw, t_m- [ - bw, elcn, Fn- h - b m
hnthIw \jvS-s-Sp-I.
3. Dw ssII sImv sseKnw- I m- h - b - h - kv ] in-
pI.
4, kwtbmKw sNp-I.
5. HI amwkw `n-p-I.
\_n(-k)-bn \nv Pm_n(d) \nth-Z\w: Hcm
\_n (k)-tbmSv tNmZnp: Bn-dn Ign-m hpZp sN-Wtam?
\_n(- k )- ] - d p: thW- s a- n. Abm hopw H- I - a mwkw
`n-mtem? Ahn-Spp ]dp AsX(-hpZp sN-Ww). (ap-kvenw)
Cu hn[n Zp-e-s-sv hmZn-p ]WvUn-Xam-cpcn-
p lZo-kp-I-fpsS ]c-c Zp_-e--fm-Wv. (-Camw \h-hn)
AmZv_v\p Xanw(d) D-cn-pp: \a-kvIm-c-n X\n-v
(-hpZp apdn-bp) h-Xpw kw`-hn-pthm Fp kwi-bn Imcyw
- - Hcm \_n(-k)-tbmSv Bh-em-Xn-s-p. \_n(-k) ]dp: i_vZw
tIp- I tbm hmk\ A\p`h- s - S p- I tbm sNbv s X- n- e - msX
\a-kvIm-c-n \nv ]ncnpt]mtI--Xn-. (hpZp \jvS-s-Sp-
I-bn Fp kmcw). (-_p-Jmcn, apkvenw)
Cu \_n hN\w kwi-bm-Sn-m-\-n hpZp \jvS-ssv
[cn- - c p- s Xpw XnIpw Dd- p- m- b m am{Xsa Ku\n- t - -
Xpq Fpw ]Tn- n- pp.
aZvbv (ssew-KnI hnImcw sImv am{Xw Nnep-m-Im-dp
{ZmhIw) ]pd-s-m hpZp \jvS-s-Sp--XmWv. kv{XoIv tcmK
Imc- W - a p c- { kmhw hpZp \jv S - s - S ppw.
CcppsImp Ipd ka-bs Xqn-bp-d-tam ab-
tam hpZp Zp_- e - s - S p- pX. kv { XoIsf kv ] in- m
hpZp Zp_-e-s-Sp--sav Nne ]WvUn-X-m-`n-{]m-b-apv. ]s
dkq(k)-Xs `mcy-am-cn-sem-cmsf Npw_nv hpZp sNmsX \a-
kvI-cnp. Dd-n-n-S BCi(d)-bpsS ssIIm-ep-I \_n(-k)-
\-a-kvIm-c-n kpPq-Zns m\-p-\nv \om-dp-m-bn-cpp.
Cu lZo-kp-I kv{Xo ]pcpj _mly kv]i-\-m hpZp apdn-
Xpap-Zn, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv, C_v\p-amP Fn-hcpw
\a-kvImcw
bp-Ibnsv sXfn-bn-p-p.- a-\-qh-a-m kv]i-waqew hpZp
\jvS-s-Sp-I-bn.
hpZp- h n- m- t m \a- k v I - c n- mt\m Xzhm^v sNmt\m
]mSn, hpZp-hn-msX Izp-B kv]in-m-sapw ]mSn-s-pw
]Wv U n- X amn- S - b n A`n- { ]m- b - - c - a pv . Fm hpZp
sNbvtX sXmSmhp Fpw hpZp-hn-msX sXmS ldm-am-sWpw
]d-bp-Xv icn-b. kzlolpw hy-hp-amb sXfn-hs A`m-h-
am-Wn-Xn\p Imc-Ww.
Xbpw
shw e`n- m- X n- c n- pI, D]- t bm- K nm ]m- s X hcnI,
Innb shw ]m\w sNm am{Xw aXn-bm-b-Xmbn hcnI Fo
Lfn hpZphpw Ipfnbpw \S-m ]msX hcp-tm sh-
n\v ]Icw av sImv ipo- I - c Ww \S- p- - X n- s \- b mWv
Xbpw Fv ]d-bp-Xv. \a-kvIm-c-n\v ka-b-am-bn--gn-m
\n-tm-Sp-IqSn ip-amb s]mSn-a-n ssII-f-Snp apJhpw
ssIIfpw XS- h p- I - b mWv sNt- Xv . apJ- n- mbn Hcn- epw
ssIImbn cm-a-sXm-cn-epw an-e-Sn-t--Xn FmWv
{]mam-WnI \_n hN-\--fn hn-p-Xv. Hcp XhW ASn-p-
sImp BZyw apJhpw ]noSv ssIIfpw XS- h p- I . ap
ssIItf XS-th--Xp-q. hpZp-sImv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b-sXmw
Xbpw IsImv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amWv. hpZp Zp-e-s-Sp Imc-
W- - f mepw Xbpw sNm\p Imc- W - \op- t mgpw
Xbpw Zp_-e-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. hpZp-hn\p ]Icw \np--XmWv
Xbpw. AXn- \ m hpZp sImv Hne- [ nIw ^fp- \ - a -
kvImc \n-ln-m-sa--Xp-t]mse Xbpw sImpw \n-
ln-m-hp--XmWv. kpv \a-kvIm-c-fpw A{]-Imcw Xs.
hpZp sNp Ah-b-h--fn tcmK-ap--h Btcm-Ky-ap `mKw
shw sImv Igp-Ip-Ibpw shp-sI-n-b-Xnta Jp^v^-bn
XS-hp-Xv t]mse XS-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm aXn. shp-sI-nb apdn-
hp- I v thn am{Xw Xbpw sN- W - s a- - X n\v kzlo- l mb
lZo-kp-I-fn sXfn-hp-I-fn.
Xbpw sNbv X v \a- k v I - c n tijw Xbpw sNm- \ p
ImcWw \on- b m hpZp sNbv X v B \a- k v I mcw hopw
Bhn-t--Xn.
Xb--pan\v AXn Ii-\--fmb \n_--\-I Iimkv{X-
]WvUn-X-m Np-a-nb ImcWw Xbpw sNt Ah-k-c-
hnpw AXv sNm aSn-p ]e-cp-apv. A-c-m Ccw
36 \a-kvImcw 37
k`--fn Ipfn-m\pw hpZp sNm\pw Ign-bmsX \a-kvImcw
Hgn- h m- p {]h- W - X - b n- e m- s W- n- t - c pI. \_n(- k )bpsS
Imev AXn- s si- X y- a p- - t mgpw apw Xbpw sNb- v X Xpw
AXn\v dkq (k) AwKo- I mcw \In- b - X p- a mb \nc- h [n kw`-
h- lZo-kp-I-fn D-cnp ImWpp. Ccw k`--fn
Xbpw sNp- X n\v aSn Imn \a- k v I mcw Hgn- h mn ssZh-
tIm]w hmm-Xn-cn-m {in-t--XmWv.
Jp^v ^ XS- h
_qp- I tfm (Jp- ^ v ^ ) Imep- d - I tfm (Pu- d - _ v ) - [- c n- n- p- s -
n hpZp- s N- p- t m- Im Igp- I p- - X n\v ]Icw Ah- b psS
apI-fn \\ ssII sImv XS-hp-I-bmWv Daw. Im]m-
Z-n\v apI-fn ap`m-Kp\nv XpSn ]n`m-K-t-mbn he-
Xp- s sI- s Imp he- X p- I mepw CSXp ssIsImv CSXp Imepw
Hmtcm {]hiyw hoXw Htc kabw Xs XS- h p- I - b m- W n- X ns
I cq]w. ]mZ-n--Sn-bn XS-th--Xn. \_n(k)- ta `mKw
am{Xta XS-hn-bn-pq.
\_n(-k)bn \nv apKo-d-p_v\p ipAv_(d) D-cn-pp:
\_n (k)- hpZp sNbvXp. (Im Igp-Ip-n-S-sa-n-b-tm) Rm
\_n(-k)-bpsS Jp^v^-I-f-gn- Ip\np. Atm Ahn-Spp
]dp: hntq. Rm\Xv hpZphp- t m [cn- - X m- W tm.
Fn--tlw AXv cntaepw XShn. (_p-Jm-cn, -ap-kvenw,- A-lva-
Zv)
Jp^v ^ XS- h p hnj- b - n 40e[nIw lZo- k p- I
dntmv sNbv X p ImWp- pv . \mep \n_\Iv hnt[-
bambn CXv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv.
1 ipn-bp--tm [cn-Xm-IpI
2 [cn-n-cn-p--h-bn \P-p-I-fn--mXn-cn-pI
3 sNdnb Aip-n-bn \np ipo-I-cn-p-tm am{X-am-
bn-cn-pI
4 \n-bn--s ka-b-]-cn-[n-p-n-em-bn-cn-pI. bm{X-m-
c\p ]q-amb aqp Znh-khpw nc-hm-knv Hcp Znh-k-hp-
amWv A\p-h-Zn--s-n-p kab ]cn[n.
Jp^v^-bn XShn ipo-I-cn tijw AXv amn [cn-p--
Xntem Agn-p-am-n-b-Xn-\mtem hpZp apdn-bp--X. hpZp Zp-e-
s-Sp-p Imc-W-fn Jp^v^ Agn- s]Sp-I-bn. ta
]d \nb-a--fnsemw kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-jamcpw Xpey-amWv.
Icp- W m- a - b - \ mb Am- l p- h n- \np Hcm- \ p- I q- e y- a m-
\a-kvImcw
WnXv . X- W pp {]tZ- i - - f nepw apw Pohn- phpw bm{X-
mpw Ftmgpw Ch AWnbmdp- - h p- s am- s - b p
kuI- c y- a m- W v ChnsS Ckv e mw ]cn- K - W n- np- Xv Fv a\- n-
emmw. AXpsImmWv Ch- b - g nv Im Igp- I p- X n- s \- m
t{ij- T - I cw Ah- b n XS- h - e m- s Wp ]Wv U n- X - m ]d- b m
ImcWw.
\X adbv -
A\y ImW A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-m a\p-jy-cpsS icoc `mK-
mWv Hudv (\--X) Fp ]d-bp-Xv. apn\pw s]mn-
fn-\p-an-S-bnep `mK- a mWv ]pcp- j s Hudv . kv { XoI- f p- s S-
Hu- d v apssIIfpw apJhpw Hgn- p Fm `mKfp- a m-
Wv . Cu `mK- ]qW- a mbpw \a- k v I m- c - n ad- n- c n-
\a- k v I m- c - ns iXzp- I - f ns- X mWv . kv { XoI ]mZhpw
ad- n- c n- Ww. Cu Hud- p- I ad- b m ]cym- ] v - X - a mb GXp-
Xcw hk- { Xhp- a mImw. sXmen- b psS \ndw {]Xy- am- I -
t\cn- b h ]mSn. IqSp- X - Iem- ] - c - a mb `wKn- b p hkv { X-
\a- k v I m- c - n DNn- X - a . XpWn t]mse Hscm hkv { X-
n \a- k v - c n- Da- a . AXn- \ m ]pcp- j - m Hud-
n\v ]pdsa ]nc- S n- I qSn adncn- kp- mWv. Hcp
\qse- n- e pw \ns ]nc- S n- b n \a- k v I mc thfbn Dm- b n-
cn- s F \_n(-k)bpsS D]-tZiw CXmWv kqNn-n-p-Xv.
_mn GXp `mKhpw Xe DsS ad-n-cn--W-sa {]tXy-I-amb
bmsXmcp \nt-ihpan. AXn-\m Ah ad-XpsImv {]tXyI
]pWytam ad-m-Xn-cn- aqew {]Xn-^-e-n Ipdthm kw`-hn-
p-I-bn-.
\a- k v I mc kabw
\a- k v I mcw icn- b m- I p- - X n- \ p asmcp \n_- - \ - b mWv
\a-k vI m-c-ns kabw Bbn-p-s v Ddv hcp- . ka- b-
n\v ap]p \akvImcw kzoImcy tbmKy-a. Av \a-kvIm-
c-fpsS kabw hnh-cnmw:
1 kqcy BIm-i-a-y-n \np sXp--tXmsS (D--Xn-
cn-bp--tXmsS) Zzp-l \a-kvImc ka-b-ambn. Hcp km[-\-ns
\ng AXn- t \mfw hep- - s a- p- - X v h sc Zzpl hIzv X v \op-
\npw. (-\n-g-en \ofw IW-m-p-tm- D--k-a-bs \ng-
ens \ofw Ingn-Ww)
2 Zzpl hIzvXv Ah-km-\n-p--tXmsS Akzvdns- k-abw
38 \a-kvImcw 39
Bcw-`n-pp. \ng hkvXp-hns \ng-ens Cc-n-bm-bm Akz-
dns kabw Ah- k m- \ n- p- p. (- k q- c ym- k v X - a bw hsc \op
\np-sapw {]_-e-amb asm-c-`n-{]m-b-ap-v)
3 kqcym- k v X - a b- t msS aKv c n_v Bcw- ` n- p- I bpw
AkvXab tim`- am-bp-Xv hsc \op \np-Ibpw sNp-p.
4 AkvXabtim` amv Ccpv hy]nXv apX Cim-Cs
ka- b - a mbn. Da {]`mXw (^- P - d p- m- Z nIzv ) hsc AXv \op
\npp. (A- c m- { Xn- t bmsS CimCs kabw Ah- k m- \ n-
psap lZo-kp-I-fn hn-pv. AXn-\m A cm{Xntb-
m ]nn-n-p-Xv D-a-a-)
5 Da {]`mXw apX kqtcym-Zbw hsc kp_vlv \a-kvIm-
c-ns hIzvXmWv
Ie- - d p- I , ]mw- K - , ]{X- apX- e m- b hbneqsS
IrXy- a mb \a- k v I m- c - ns ka- b - \nbn- m- \ p- f f
kuI-cy-fpw hmp t]mep D]-I-c-W-fpw km-{Xn-I-am-b-
Xn- \ m Ah Bkv ] - Z - a m- emWv \Xv . {]mhm- N - I am- c psS
Imep Ccw B[p-\nI kuI-cy-fnm--Xn-\m \ng-ep-I-
sfbpw apw Afp Xn-s-Spnbmbn-cpp kabw \nWbn-n-
cp-Xv.
Izn_vev t\sc
a-bnse IAv-_-bmWv apkvenw temI-ns Izn_ve (A-
`n-apJ tI{w). \mw FhnsS \np \a-kv I - c np- I - b m- s W- nepw
IAv - _ p t\scbmbn- c n- Ww A`nap- J o- I - c n- t - Xv . tIc-
f- m ]Sn-m-dp-\npw GI- t Ziw 22- a p- X 22.5 Un{Kn- b pw
hS- t mp sXn- b m IyXy- a mb Izn_v e e`npw. ]n- I
\nn- - s - S p- Xv Izn_- e - - ` n- a p- J - a m- b - X n- \ m ]n- I - f n- e m-
Ip- t m {]iv \ - a p- Z n- p-n-.
\a- k v I mcw icn- b m- I p- - X n- \ p \n_- \I- f n s]-
XmWv Izn_vesb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-. InSp \a-kvI-cn-t--h
s\pw apJhpw Izn_v e - - ` n- a p- J - a mWw. bm{X- m- c \v Xs
kpv \akv I m- c - nepw Izn_v e hy- a mbn a\- n- e m- m
Ign- b m Bpw bpw t]mse- b p `oIc cwK- - f nepw
Jn_vev t\sc Xncnp sIm-W-sa iXzn. HmSn-sm-n-
cn- p- hml- \ - n- e m- I ptm \a- k v I m- c - ns Bcw- ` -
nsenepw Izn_ve e`n-m {ian-t--Xpv. ]noSv Izn_ve-
bn \nv sXn t]mbmepw Xc-t-Sn.
\a-kvImcw 40 \a-kvImcw 41
_mpw CIzm-a-pw
Ap {]mh- i ys \n \a- k v I m- c - v _mpw
CIzm- a pw Ckv e mw \nt- i n- pp. Pam- A - mbp \a-
kv I mcw ]n- I - f n \SsSp- - X n\p- a pv ka- b - a m- s bv
P\sf Adn-bn-m-\mWv _mv Gs-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-Xv. \a-
kvI-cn-m Hcpp ka-bv CIzm-apw hnfn-Ww. kv{XoI-
am{X-ambn \a-kvI-cn-p-tm CIzm-a-p-am-{Xsa Bh-iy-ap-
p. Hp\a- k v I - c n- p- hpw _mpw CIzm- a pw kp-
mWv.
_mnepw CIzm-a-nepw hnfnp ]d-b-s-Sp hmN-I-
_mns ]Z- tIp- - h cpw Gp- ] - d - t b- - X mWv . Fm lm- A - e kz-
Amlp AIv_ (4 XhW) emXv , l- A - e ^emlv Fnh tIptm "em lu- e -
Aivl-Zp-A-em-C-eml C-mlv (2 XhW) hemIzp Cm- _ nm' FmWv ]d- t b- XmWv . kp_v l v
AivlZp A apl-Z dkq-ep-mlv (2- X- h W) _mn "A-em-XvXp-ssJdpw an\-uw' Fv cv XhW _mv
lm-Ae zemv (2- X- h W) hnfn-p--h ]d-tb--XmWv.
lm-A-e ^emlv (2- X- h W) Fm CXp tIp-tm "kZvIzvX h_-dnX' Fp ]d-
Amlp AIv_ (2- X-hW) bp- - X n- \ pw - C - J m- a - nse JZv J m- a - n- - e mv Fv tIp-
emC-eml C-mlv (1 X- h W) tm "AIzm-a-l-mlp hA-Zm-alm' Fv ]d-bp--Xn\pw {]mam-
Wn- I - a mb lZo- k p- I - f n. AXn- \ m A{]- I m- c w- X s Gp ]d-
m aXn.
CIzm- a - ns ]Z- _mv hnfn- p- - h l- A - e Ifn he- t mpw CS-
Amlp AIv_, A-mlp AIv_ tmpw apJw am{Xw Xncn- t - - X mWv . kzcw DbpI, \on
AivlZp Aem-C-eml Cmlv hnfn- pI, hpZp- h p- m- b n- c n- pI, ImXn hnc shp- I
AivlZp A-ap-l-Zpdkq-epmlv Fnh _mv hnfn- p- h {in- t - - X mWv . _mphnfn- p-
lm-A-ezemv, l-A-e ^emlv tijw \_n(- k )v kzemv sNmngnv "Am- l p d
IzZvIzm-a-Xn-kz-emv IzZvIzma-n-kz-emv lmZnln Av-h-n-m hkvkzemn IzmCa BXn-ap-l--Z-
Amlp AIv_, Amlp AIv-_ \n hkzoeX h ^ZoeXv h_vl-kvlp aIzm-a alvaq-Z-\n-Zo
emC-eml Cm hA- lp'

""]q-amb Cu hnfnbpsSbpw \ne-\n-s-Sp Cu \a-

kvIm-c-n-sbpw DS-a--\mb Am-lpth, apl-Zv \_nv \o
hko-e ^Zo-e Fo ]Z-hn-I \Ip-I-bpw \o hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-
p kv X pXyl- a mb m\v At- l s \o \ntbm- K n- p-
\a-kvImcw 42 \a-kvImcw 43
Ibpw sNt-W-ta'' -Fp {]mYn-pI.
CIzm-a-n\v tijw Cu {]mY\ Dcp-hn-tS--Xn. As\
sNp- - X n\v \_n- N - c ybn bmsXmcp sXfn- h p- a n. CIzm- a p
hnfnp Xobp-Ss\ \a-kvIm-c-n {]th-in-p--XmWv \_n-
bpsS amXrI.
kzK- n {]mhm- N - I \p hmKv Z m\w sN- s np cv
D-X- ]Z-hn-IfmWv hko-e, ^Zoe Fn-h.

Fs\ \a-kvI-cn-Ww
\a-kvImc {Iaw: Izn_ve--`n-ap-J-ambn icn-bmbn \nhp
\npI. C \a-kvImcw (^tZmkptm) Rm \n-ln-
ppsh ]qW t_m[w a\-n IcpXn (C-XmWv \nv)
A-m-lp-A-Iv_ Fp ]d-bpI (C-Xn-v X-Iv_o-d-p Clvdmw
Fp ]d- b p- p). XIv _ o ]d- b p- - t Xm- s Smw hnc- e p- I
\nhn ]nSnv ssI- S - Npa- e p- I v t\sc Dbn,
tijw Ahsb Xmgvn heXpssI CS-t-Xnta hc-
hn[w s\n shpI. heXp ssIsImv CSXp ssIns
sIWp-n ]nSnv sImn-cn-Ww.
Xs XpSn- p lrZ- b - nta ssI shv Am- l p- h p-
ambn kw`m-j-W-n Gs-SpIbmsW t_m[w CXp-kr-jvSn-
pp. Atm apX Ahs apgp{ibpw Am- l p- h n
tI{o-I-cn-Ww. t\mw kpPqZv sNp m\--v hcp \ne-
bn Xe A]w Xmgvn AS--tmsS \npI.
tijw ZpBD C^vXn-Xmlv ({]m-cw` {]mY-\)-Hm-XpI. Cam-
ans\ XpSv \a-kvI-cn-p-h ^mXnl HmXm kabw Inp-
I- b n- s v ImWp- I - b m- s W- n CsXm- g n- h mmw. BZy dIv - A -
n am{X-amWo {]mY-\.
Xmsg ]d-bp--h-bn GsX-n-ep-samp aXn-bm-Ip--XmWv:
1. kp_v-lm-\-I-m-lp h_n-lw-Zn hX-_m-d-I-kvap-I -h-X-
B-em -P-pI hem-C-eml ssKzdpI.

""Am-lpth, \o alm-]-cn-ip-. \ns kvXpXn-s. \ns

\maw AXy- \ p- { K- l o- X - a tm. \ns- I - g n- h p- I AXyp- - X - .
\a-kvImcw
\ob-msX Bcm-[y-t\-bn.''
2 Am- l p _mCZv ss_\o hss_\ JXzm- b mb Iam-
_mA ss_\ aivcnIzn h aKvcn_n Am-lp \Izn\o-an
JXz-bmb Iam-bp-\ ku_p A_n-bfp an\--\kn Am-lp
CKvkn \o an JXzm-bm-b-_n amC hPn h _Zv
""Am-lpth, \o DZbmkvX-ab m\- Xn AI-nb
t]mse Ftbpw Fs ]m]-n-p-an-S-bn AI-t-Wta. Am-
lpth, sh hkv { Xw Agp- n \nv ipn- b m- - s Spw
{]Imcw Fs ]m]-fn \nv Fs ipn-bm-t-Wta. Am-
lpth shw av , Fnh sImv Fs ]m]- Igp-
tI- W ta.''
CXp sNmnb tijw kqd-p ^mnl HmXWw. XpS--
n ADuZp _nmlnan\-ssi-m\ndPow.
Fp ]d- b Ww. A- c - hSn- s hmpw kqnpw
HmXWw. kzw a\-ns\ tIn----hn[w i_vZta Dm-
Imhq. (B-Zys cp dIv-A-p-I-fn Camw Dds HmXWw )
^m-Xnl C{]-Im-c-amWv.
1 _nkvan-mln dlvam\n dlow
2 AlwZpen-mln dn Be-ao
3 Ad-lvam-\ndlow
4 amenIn buan-o
5 Cm \Av-_pZp hC-m \kvX-Cu
6 ClvZn\ kzndm- apkvXIzow
7 kzndm-Xz--Zo\ A AwX Asselnw
ssKzcn aKzvfq_n Asselnw he-m-o. Bao
44 \a-kvImcw 45
1 Imcp-n-I\pw IcpWm \n[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \ma-
n. 2 k kvXpXn-Ifpw temI-c-n-Xm-hmb Am-lp-hn-m-
Ipp. 3 Imcp- W n- I \pw Icp- W m- \ n- [ n- b p- a m- b - h . 4 {]Xn- ^ e
\mfns DS-a-\mb-h 5 \ns am{Xw R Bcm-[n-pp.
\ntmSv am{Xw R klm-bw tNmZn-p-p. 6 t\cmb am-
n Rsf \o hgn-tNt-Wta. 7 \o A\p-{K-ln--h-cpsS
hgn-bn; tIm]-hn-t[-b-c-m--h-cpsSbpw hgn-]n-g--h-c-m-h-
cp-sS-bpw hgn-bn.
Pam- A - m- b n \a- k v I - c n- p- t m Camw ^mnlbn
_nkvan Dds HmtX--Xn. AlwZp apX Dds HmXn-bm
aXn. ^mn- l - b psS Ah- k m- \ - n Bao (Cu {]mY\ \o
kzoI-cn-t-W-ta) Fp-ds ]d-bWw. Fm dIvA-p-I-fnepw
^mXnl HmXp--Xn\v ]pdta BZy cp dIv-A-p-I-fn (c-n-
e- [ nIw dIv - A - p- I - f p- f - f - X n) Izp- B - \ n \nv GsX- nepw
`mK-tfm kqd-p-ap-gp-h-\ptam HmX kp-m-Ipp. Camw
kqd-tm-Xp-tm aAv-aq-ap-I {inp tIWw.
efnXamb aqp kqd- p- I
1 Izplph-mlp Al-Zv. Am-lp-kzaZv. ew benZv. hew
bqe-Zv. hew bIpe-lp -Ip-^p-h AlZv
\a-kvImcw 46 \a-kvImcw 47
""]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw IcpWm\n[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \ma-
n.
""(\- _ ntb) ]d- b pI. Imcyw Amlp GI- \ mWv F- X m-
Ipp. Am- l p- Bpw B{i- b - a m- b n- p- - h - \ m- I pp. Ah
Bpw Pw \In-bn-n. (-B-cpsSbpw k-Xn-bmbn) P-\n-n-
p-an. Ah\v Xpey-\mbn Bcpw C-Xm-\pw. (112:-- 14) ""]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \ma-
2 Izp ADuZp _nd-n ^eIzv. anidnam- J-ev han n
idn-Kzm-kn-n CZm hIz_v. han idn-^m-km-n -^n DIzZv. ]d-bpI, a\p-jy-cpsS cn-Xmhpw cmPmhpw a\p-jy-cpsS
hanicn lmkn-Zn CZm lkZv. ssZh- h p- a mbnp- - h - t \mSv Rm icWw tXSpp. a\p- j y- c psS
lrZ- b - - f n Zpt_m- [ \w \S- n ]nam- d n- - f - b p, a\p- j y-
cnepw PnpIfnepw s] Zpt_m-[-Isc sImp sISp-Xn-bn
\nv'' (114 : 16)

dpIq-Av
kqdv HmXn--gn-m Dw ssII Im apn F
hw Ip\n-bpI. CXn\v dpIq-Av Fp ]d-bpp. XIv_o
sNmn-smv dpIq-C-tev t]mIp-tm ssI-S- Npa-en\v
t\sc DbpIbpw ]noSv Xmgvn-bn-Sp-Ibpw sNpI. Dw
ssII sImv Imap-n]n-Snp \nc-mbn Ip\np \n-
emWv dpIq-Cs ]q-cq]w. dpIq-C

""]c-a-Im-cp-n-I\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb Am-lp-hns \ma- kp-_vlm\ dn-b Afnw

n (a-lm\mb Fs \mY ]cn-ip-) Ftm
]d- b pI. ]pe- c nbpsS cn- X m- h n- t \mSv Rm icWw kp_v l m- \ - - m- l p d\m h_n- l w- Z n- - m- l p- a -
tXSpp. Ah krjvSn-n-p--h-bpsS sISp-Xn-bn \npw Ccp- CKzv^neo
f- S - b p- t m- g p cm{Xn- b psS sISp- X n- b n \npw sIp- I - f n
DuXp kv{XoI-fpsS sISp-Xn-bn \npw Akq-bmep Akq-b-
s-S-tm Ahs sISp-Xn-bn \npw.'' (113:15)
3 Izp ADuZp _nd-n-mkv. aen-n-m-kv. Cem-ln-m-kv. (Am-lpth, \o ]cn-ip- Xs. R--fpsS \mYm \ns
anidn hkvhm-kn Jm-kv. AZo bph-kvhnkp ^o kpZq- R kvXpXn-pp. Am-lpth, F\np \o s]mdpp Xtc-
cn-mkv. an\Pn-n hm-kv. W- t a) Ftm aqp {]hiyw hoXw ]d- b pI.

CAv-n-Zm
dpIq- A v Ign- m kanAmlp ena lanZ (kv X pXn- -
hs kv X pXn Amlp tIn- c n- p- p) Fv ]dv sImv
\nhp \np--Xns\ CAv-n-Zm Fp ]d-bpp. dpIq-C-
tev t]mIp-tm ssI Dbnb t]mse Ctmgpw sNWw.
CAv-n-Zm-en C{]-Imcw ]d-bpI.
\a-kvImcw
d-\m eI- lwZp anA am-hmn han-A Afzn
han Aam-in-Av ani-bv-C _AvZp)
""R-fpsS \mYm, BIm-i- \nd-sbbpw `qan \nd-sbbpw
Ah-bv-p-dhpw \o Dt-in hkvXp \nd-tb-bp-ap kvXpXn-I
\n\- p- a m- { X- a m- I pp''
CAv-n-Zm A[n-I-k-abw ZoLn-n-m-Xn-cn- D-a-am-
Wv. kp-PqZv sNp m\-t-mbncnWw Xs t\mw. \a-
kvIm-c-n BIm-i-tv Ip-bp-Xv \_n(-k)-B-t-
]n- n- c n- pp. Aev ] hpw ASn \nmsX dpIq- C \np-
b DSs\ CAv-n-Zm-en \nv kpPq-Zn-tev t]mIp-Xv A`n-
e-j-Wo-b-a.
kpPq-Zp-Ifpw Ccp-hpw
CAv n- Z m- e n\p tijw XIv _ osNm- n- s mv kpPqZv
sNWw. ico- c - nse GgwK- `qan- b n ]Xn- p- s h-
psImp Ip\n-b-emWv kpPqZv. CXn-t\-m-fp-]cn Hcp hn\b
{]Zi-\-ns cq]w asm-p-an. aqtm-Sp-IqSn s\n--Shpw
Dw ssIIfpw Imap-p-Ifpw Imhn-c-ep-Ifpw `qan-bn ]Xn-
p-shv incv Xmgvnbpw Ac-sv Dbp-ap cq]-n-emWv
kqPqZv \n-ln-t-Xv. BZyw Imappw ]noSv ssI-S-
tijw s\n- b pw aqpw Cu {Ia- n- e mWv sht- Xv . apJ-
ns (BZyw ssI- S - fpw ]noSv Imap- p- I fpw shp- I -
bm-sWpw Nne lZo-kp-Ifn hn-p-v). Ccphi--fnepw Npa-
en\p t\sc- b p- a mbn ssI- S - shpI. Im hnc- e p- I - f psS
]- ` mKw icnpw `qan- b n ]Xn- n- c n- Ww. s\n- Sw
hkv{Xw. apSn apX-em-b-h-bn ad-bm-Xn-cn-m {in-Ww ssIap-
p-I AI-n-]n-Sn-m-bn-cn-Ww sht-Xv. kpPq-Zn
kp_vlm\ dnb AAvem
(G- hpw D- X - \ mb Fs \mY ]cn- i p- ) Ftm
"kp_v l m- \ - - m- l p d\m h_n- l w- Z n- - m- l p Kv ^ v eo'
Ftm aqp {]mhiyw sNmpI. icnpw AS-n-bn-cn--
48 \a-kvImcw 49
kabw AXym-h-iy-amWv. Hcp dIvAn cp kpPq-ZpI-fm-Wp-
Xv Ch-n-S-bn \nhn-cn-Ww. XIv_o sNmn BZy kqPq-
Zn \nv Ccp--n-tev hcnI, CSt ImeSn ]c-n-shv
AXnta ]rjvSw ]Xn-p-sh-n-cn-pI. hes Im hnc-ep-
I \nevpIpn Ips\ shpI. Cu Ccp--n\v C^vXn-
dm- i ns Ccp- - s ap ]dbpw. cp- s sI- - S - fpw hnc- e p- I
\nhn Im aptm-S-Spv XpS-ta shpI. Cu ka-bv
Am- l p CKv ^ neo hlw\o hPv _ p\o hlv Z n\o
hkpIzv \ n
""Am- l pth, F\nv ]m]- s]mdp- p- X - c n- I bpw
Fs \yq\X ]cn-l-cn-p-Ibpw Fs t\ hgnbnem-p-Ibpw
Blmcw \Ip- I bpw sNt- W - t a'' Fp ]dbpI.
dpIqAv , CAv - n- Z m, kpPq- Z p- I , Ah- n- S - b n- e p
Ccpw Fn-h-bn-semw kmh-Imiw ssIsIm-pI A\n-hm-cy-
amWv. \a-kvIm-c-ns ^fzv Bbn-m-Wn-Xns\ (Yp-a-A-\o-\v)
I-W-m-p-Xv. Ctm Hcp dIv-Av ]q-ambn.
XilvlpZv
cne-[nIw dIv-A-p-Ifp \a-kvIm-c-n cmw dIv-A-
nse dmw kpPqZv Ign- m Xi- l v l p- Z n\p thn- b n- c n-
Ww. t\cs kqNn- n C^v X n- d m- i ns Ccp- - a m- W n- h nsS
kzoI- c n- t - Xv . Ah- k m- \ s dIv - A - nepw Xi- l v l pZv
HmXWw. Xi-lvlpZv Fm (i- l m- Z - ns hN\w Dsm-
p- )- A - - l n- mp Fp ]d- p- s Imp XpS- p
{]mY- \ - b mWv . AXn- { ]- I m- c - a m- W v : A- - l n- m- p ap_m-
d-mp kvkze-hm-p-Xz-n-_mp enmln A-emap
AsseI Ap- l - - _ np hdlv ap- mln h_- d - m- plp-
A- - e m- a p- A - s se\m hAem C_m- Z n- mln kv k zmen- l o.
Aiv l Zp Aem- C - e ml C- mlp hA- i v l Zp A apl-
Z dkqepmlv . Am- l p kzn- A em apl- - Z n Iam
kzss Aem C_v d m- l oa hAem Ben C_v d m- l oa h_m-
cnIv Aem apl- - Z n hAem Ben apl- - Z nIam _mdIv X
Aem C_v d m- l oa hAem- Ben C_v d m- l oa C lao- Z p
aPoZv
\a-kvImcw
""Fm A`n- h m- Z y- - f pw A\p- K r- l o- X - Ia- fpw Bcm- [ -
\Ifpw \a-bp Fm Imcy-fpw Am-lphn-m-Ipp. {]hm-
NI(k)\v Am-lp-hns Icp-Wm ISm-- Dm-Ip-am-dm-Is.
Rpw \- h - c mb Am- l p- h ns Zmkampw c
\tI-Wta. Bcm-[-\-l Amlp AmsX am-cp-an-sv
Rm kmyw hln- pp. apl- Zv \_n(k) Am- l p- h ns
{]mhm-N-I-\m-sWpw Rm kmyw hln-pp. Am-lpth,
C{_mloan\pw (A). C{_mloan(A)s IpSpw- _ - n\pw \o
IcpW sNt- W ta, C{_mloan(A)- t \bpw IpSpw- _ - s bpw
A\p- { K- l n t]mse apl- Zn(k)t\bpw IpSpw_tbpw \o
A\p-{K-ln-t-Wta, \nbw \o kvXpXyl\pw AXyp-Zm-c-\p-am-
Ipp.''
Ah-km\ dIv-A-n Xi-lp-Zn-\n-cn-p-tm he-Xp-Im-eSn
\mn-sh-p-Ibpw CS-Xp-Im AXn-n-S-bn-eqsS ]pd-tav {]th-
in \ne-bnepw ]rjvS `mKw \nev ]Xn-n-cn--hn[hpw
Ccn-pI. CXn\v Xhdp-ns Ccp--sapw ]d-bpp. he-
Xp-ssI-nse X-hn-c Nqp-hn-c-ens apc-Snepw _mn hnc-
ep-I aS-n-]n-Snv apntaepambn-cn-Ww shbvt-Xv. Xi-
lp- Z v Xocp- Xv h sc Cfn sImn- c - p- I bpw sNp- I - b m- W p-
aw. CSXp ssIhn-c-epI \nhn Imap-nepw shpI.
BZys Xilvlp-Zn ta-dh sNmn-bmaXn. Ah-
km-\s Xilvlp-Zn XpSv ap-{]mY-\-Ifpw \S-m-hp--
XmWv. Ah-bn NneXv ImWpI:
Am- l p Co ZewXp \^v k o Zpa Iko- d h em
bKv^n-dp-p-\q_ Cm AX ^Kv^neo aKv^n-d- an CZnI
50 \a-kvImcw 51
hlw\o CI AX K^q-dpdlow.
""Am-lpth Rms\s Bm-hn-t\mSv AXn-c-dd ]m]-
sNbvXn-cn-pp. \ob-msX ]m]w s]mdp-p--h-\n. AXn-\m
\ns ] \np ]m]- t am- N - \ - m FtmSv s]mdp- t -
Wta, FtmSv Icp-W-Im-Wn-t-Wta. \nbw \obmWv s]mdp-
p--h\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[nbpw.''
Am-lp Co ADu-Zp-_nI an AZm-_n Iz_vcn han
AZm- _ n- mcn han ^nXv \ - n alv b m ha- a mn han
^nXv\-Xn ako-ln-ZvZ-m
""Am- l pth, Iz_v in- - b n \npw \c- I - i n- -
bn\npw Pohn-X-n-sebpw ac-W-th-f-bn-sebpw (I-Sp)-]-co-
-Wn\npw ako-lp--m-ens hn]-n \npw Rm
\ntmSv c-tX-Spp.''
kemw
Xilv l pZpw kzemXpw AXnse {]mY- \ - I fpw Ign- m
Am-em-ap-A-ssepw hd-lva-p-mlv
Fp ]dv sImv BZy-ambn heXp `mK-tv ]q-
ambn apJw Xncn-pI (IhnXSw ]n`-K-p-h ImW-
hn[w) ]n-oSv CSXp `mKtpw kemw sNmn apJw Xncn-pI.
Cs\ cv kemap-I sNmn \a-kvIm-c-n \np hnc-an-
\a- k v I m- c - ns dpIv \ p- I - f n s]- X m- W v . CtXmsS \a-
kvImcw Ah-km-\n-p.
Zp_esSp-p Imcy-
Izn_ve-bn \nv ]qW-ambn (bm-{Xm-bn-sem-gnsI )sX-pI,
\a-kvImcw
Ipfnbpw hpZphpw A\n- h m- c y- a m- I p Imcy- kw- ` - h n- pI,
AIm-c-W-hpw A\m-h-iyhpw AanX-hp-ambn Ic-N-c-W-- Cf-
p, s]mnncn- pI, \nt- i n- - s - h (^fp- I tfm iYp- \n-ln-t--XmWv.
Itfm)I-cp-Xn-Iq-n Dt]-n-pI, Cam-ans\ a\x-]qw apI-Sp
{]hn-pI Fnh \a-kvImcw Zp_-e-s-Sp-p Imcy--
fm-Wv.
km[m- c W \a- k v I m- c - - f nse ^Zp- I pw iXzp-
IIpw `wKw t\cn-SpI, \a-kvIm-c-n Xnp-Itbm IpSn-p-
Itbm sNpI, CSv shv \a- k v I mcw thsp shpI,
kwkm- c n- pI, \nt- i n- - s - S mh A[n- I - a mbn {]hn-
pI Fo Imc- W - \a- k v I mcw Zp_- e - s - S p- pXmWv .
Zp_-e-s \a-kvImcw ]qW-ambn amn \n-ln-t-Xm-Wv.
ssIhn- c - e p- I fpw Xebpw Cf- pI, cSn aptmtm
]ntmtm shpI, A_- - ntem adtm \a- k v I m- c - n-
sSm hXpw D-cn-p-Itbm sNp--Xn\m \a-kvImcw
Zp- e - s - S p- I - b n. Bh- i y- a n- msX sXm- b - \ - pI, Iv
tatm- p- b pI, Xncn- p- t \m- pI, Nncn- pI, Duc- b n
ssIshv \npI, Nmcn- \ npI, Hmen \nIpI,
Fo A]-a-cym-Z-I \a-kvIm-cn hn-t--Xm-Wv. kpPq-
Znepw dpIq- C epw apw hk{Xw, apSn Fn- h Npcp- pI, ssI-
sImv ap \opI, DuXpI Fn-hbpw Dt]-n-t--XmWv.
ad- h np ]Icw kqPqZv
\a- k v I mcw Zp_- e - s - S p Imcy- - adtm IqSp- X -
emtbm kw`-hn-m AXn\p {]mb-iv-Nn--ambn kemw hop--
Xn\v apt]m tijtam cp kqPp- Z pI sNp- - X mWv
klvhns (a-d-hn-bp-sS) kpPqZv Fp ]d-bp-Xv. Xmsg hnh-cn-
p {][m\ k`- - f n Cu kpPq- Z pI A\n- h m- c y- a mWv
Fv {]mhm-NI hN-\--fpsS ASn-m-\n a\-n-emmw:
1 \a-kvIm-c-n adp dpIq-Hm kq-PqtZm \n-dp-tam Ccp-
tam, Hcp dIvAv apgp-h Xstbm h-\hv kw`-hn-p
Fn \a-kvIm-cm-h-km-\-n kemw honb tijw cv klv-
hns kqPqZpI sNp-Ibpw Ah-km\ n hopw kemw
hop- I bpw sNpI.
2 \a- k v I mcw ]qn- b mIpw apv adp kemw hon
]noSv A[nIw sshImsX Atm Xs Hm hp, Fn
_mn hXv DSs\ ]qo-Icnp kemw hopIbpw tijw
cp kpPq-Zp-I sNbvXv hopw kemw hop-Ibpw sNpI. ap
52 \a-kvImcw 53
{]h- \ - pw hfsc ka- b - n\pw IqSnb kwkm- c -
pw tijamWv Hmh-sX-n \a-kvImcw amn hopw
3 Hm-as Xi-lvlpZv adp aqmw dIv-A-n-te-s-gp-
tp t]mbm Xncnp Xivlvl-Zn-tev htc--Xn. ]Icw
\a-kvIm-cm-h-km-\-n keman\p apv Xs cv kl-vhns
kqPq-Zp-I sNbvXv kemw hop-I.
4 dIv-A-p-I-fpsS Fn IqSn-tbm Ipd-tm Fp
kwi-bn-m Ghpw Ddp tXmnbXv kzoI-cn-p kwi-b-ap-Xv
XpI, AXm- b Xv Ipd- - X ns\ kzoI- c n- pI. \a- k v I mcw
]qn-I-cnv kem-anp apv Xs cv kpPq-ZpI sNbvXv
kemw hopI.
klvhns kqPq-Zp-sImv hogv ]cn-l-cn-m Ign-bp--
h-bn-ep ad-hn-IsImv \a-kvImcw _mXzn (\n-jv-^ew )B-
Ip--X. ImcWw. \_n(k) ]d-bp-p: Fs kap-Zmbw A_--
nsbpw ad-hn-bp-sSbpw Ip-n \nv tamNn-X-cmWv.
\a- k v I m- c n Cam- a n\p ]p adhn aAv - a q- a pI
Xkv_o-lp(-kp-_vlm-\-m-lv) sNmn DWp-I. \a-kvImc tij-
ap DWen-m-h-iy-amb kw`m-j-Wp tijw sImp-
h-cp I- \a-kvIm-c-n\v `wKw hcp-p--X.
klvhn-s- Cu kpPq-Zp-I-fn sNmp-hm {]tXyI {]mY-
\-I lZokp {K--fn hn-nmXn-\m ap kpPq-Zp-
I-fnse {]mY\I Xs aXn-bm-Ip--XmWv.
HmXn- b - X n\v kqPqZv
Izp- B ]mcm- b Ww sNp- t m Ah- n- S - b n Nne
kqd- p- I - f n kqPqZn\v \ntZin- - s kq- - f pv . B
kpPq- Z n\v kP- Z - p- n- e m- h v Fv ]d- b pp. \a- k v I m- c -
nepw Am- - t mgpw HmXp- hcpw tIp- - h cpw B
kqPqZv sNp- Xv kp- mWv . \a- k v I m- c - nes- n Izp-
B ]mcm-bWnn-S-bn CXv hpZp Cm-sXbpw \n-ln-m-
hp- - X mWv Fv ]Wv U n- X - m hy- a m- p- pv . kqd- p
AAv - d m^v , dAv Z v , kqd- p lv (cv e- v ) , \lv e v , C-
kv d m- A v , - abw, ^p- Jm, \wev , kqd- p- - P Zx, lmanw kPZ,
\Pvav, Cin-IzmIv, AeIzv Fo kqd-p-I-fn-emWv Cu kqPqZv
DXv.
Cu kpPq-Zn {]tXyI {]mY\ Nne ^nJvlv {K--fn
ImWp--ps-nepw Ah {]mam-WnI \_nhN-\--fn D-cn-
\a-kvImcw
- s - n- n. AXn- \ m ap kqPqZpIfnse {]mY- \ - I Xs
aXn-bm-Ip--XmWv.
Izp\qv
apkvenw-Ip s]mXp-hmb Hcp hn]v _m[n-m Av
hJv v \a- k v I m- c - n- s bpw Ah- k m- \ s CAv - n- Z m- e n
{]mYn-p {]tXyI {]mY-\bmWv Jp\qv (hn-]v Cd-p-
tm-gp {]Y\). _nAvaDu\ kw`-h-n h[n--s Fgp-
]Xp Izpdm- A v (Izp- B a\- m- T - a m- n- b - h )I- f psS t]cn
hy-k-\nv Hcp-am-k-mew \_n(-k)-Izp-\qv HmXp-Ibpw ]noSv
"Am- c y- n \n\p bmsXm- c [nIm- c - h p- a n. Hp- I n
Ah (A-m-lp) Ah-cpsS ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p-Itbm As-
n inn- p- I tbm sNbv t Xpw. ImcWw Ah A{I- a n-
IfmIpp' F Izp-B kqw (3: 128) Ah-X-cn--tm (Nne
tKm{X- mpw i{Xp- p- s a- X n- c nep B {]mY\ )\- _ n
(- k ) - D - t ]- n- p- I bpw sNbv X p. F- m kaq- l - n\v Ccw
B]-p-I _m-[n-p-tm A{]-Imcw {]mY\ \S-m-sav
Nne ]WvUn-X-m A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-pv.
CXv t ]mse asmcp Izp\q- mWv cm{Xn- b nse hnXv \a-
kvIm-c-n {]mYn-m-\mbn \_n(-k)- l-k-\p-_v\p-A-en-n\v
(-d)-]Tn-nv sImSp-Xv Fv Nne dntmp-I-fn ]d-b-s-Sp
{]mY\. AXn-{]-Im-c-amWv:
""Am- l pth, \o t\amK- nemn- b - h - t cmsSmw F-
sbpw t\amK-n-em-t-Wta. \o Bizmkw \In-b-h-tcm-
54 \a-kvImcw 55
sSmw F\npw Bizmkw \evtI-Wta. \o kwc-Ww Gs-
Sp--h-tcm-sSmw Fsbpw cn-t-W-ta. \o \evIn-bn-p--Xn
F\n--\p--{Klw \evtI-W-ta. \o hn[n \mi-n \nv Fs
cn-t-W-ta. \o hn[n-p-p. \o hn[n--[o-\-\, \o BZ-cn--
h \ny-cm-Ip-I-bn-. \ns tIm]-n-\-Sn-s--h {]Xm-]n-bm-hp-
I-bn-. \mYm! \o A\p-{K-l]qW-\mWv D-X-\m-Wv. \o hn[n--
Xn-t \n\v kvXpXn. Rm \ntmSv ]m]-tam-N\w tNmZn-p-
p. \nn-tev ]m--]nv aS-p-p.''
Fm kp_lv \a-kvIm-c-n ]Xn-hmbn tasm-Sp
Cu Jp\qv HmXp- Xv kp- n- s - mWv CXn- s \- p- d n- p
kwkm-cn-n-p _lp-`q-cn-`m-Kw ]WvUn-X-mcpw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-
cn- p- - X v , (Camw im^n- C usbm- g n- s I). kCu- Z p_v \ pXmcn- J n
AivPC (d)--t\mSv Xs ]p{X tNmZn-p: {]nb ]nXm-th, Av
\_n(-k)bpsSbpw A_q-_-Izv, Da, Dkvam, Aen(-d) Fn-h-
cp- s S- b psamw ]nn \a- k v I - c n- n- p- - t m. Ahcmsc- nepw
kp_lv \a- k v I m- c - n Izp\qv HmXn- b n- c p- pthm? Atm- g -
tlw ]dp: Fs aI-t\, AXp ]pXp-\nanXn BNm-c-am-Wv.
(A-lvaZv, C_v\p-amPx, Xnap-Zn,- \-kmCu Fo lZokv {K--
fn \nv)
_pJmcn, apkvenw Hgn-sI-bp Nne {K--fn kp_vlv
\a-kvIm-n Am-lp--lvZn\m Fv XpS-p Iz\qv \_n
HmXn-bn-cp-p-shv ]d-bp-- Hcp Zp_e lZo-kns \nth-Z-I-cn
A_vZp-m-ln_v\p ^pssZJv F dntm Atbm-Ky-\m-Wv. AXp-
t]mse \_n(k) ac-W-a-S-bp-thmfw kp_vln Izp\qv HmXm-
dp-m-bn-cp-p-shv Xpap-Znbpw apkv\-Xnbpw dntmv sNbvX
lZo-knse \nth-Z-I-cn A_q PAv^dp dmkn F-bm \nth-
Z- \ - n\v Atbm- K y- \ m- s Wv Alv a Zv , C_v \ p aZo- \ n, A_q
kAv , C_v \ p lnm Fnhcpw dntmv sNbv X n- c np- p.
kp_v l v \a- k v I m- c - n Cu Izp\qv HmXp- Xn\v CX- m
Hscm kzlo-lmb lZokpw C-Xm-\pw. AXn-\m kp_vlv \a-
kvIm-c-n ]Xn-hmbn Cu Izp\qv \nh-ln-p-Xv \_n(-k)-
bpsS {]h-\-n-ep-sp hmZw icn-b-sp t_m[y-s-
Sp- p.
Iqp-{]mY\
kzem-p PamA Fm Iqmb {]mY-\-sb-m-WYw.
AXn- \ m kem- t am- S p- I qSn B Iq- { ]mY\ Ign- p. AXn\p
tijw Hmtcmcp-cpw Ah-c-h-cpsS Imcy-fpw A`n-em-j-fpw
\a-kvImcw
Bh-em-Xn-Ifpw Am-lp-hns apn Ah-X-cn-n-mw. AXn-\p-
Ah-k-c-amWv ]no-Sp--Xv. AXn-\m Camw Xs m\-p-
\nv Fgp-tpt]mIp-I-bmWv th-sXv dkqens(-k)- amXr-
I- b n \nv a\- n- e m- mw. BCi (d) \nth- Z \w sNpp.
Ah ]dp: \_n(-k) kemw hon-bm
"Am-lpth, \nbmWv c-I. \nn \nmWv c. alm-
\pw D- X p- \ p- a mb \mYm, \o DIrjv S Xs' Fp ]d- b p-
{X ka-ba-msX \a-kvIm-c--ev Ccn-n-dp-m-bn-cp-n (ap-
kvenw).
Camw ]ncn-p Ign-m Fm-hcpw Fgp-tv HmS-W-
sa- CXnYw. A\n- h m- c y- a mb Bh- i y- fp- h v ]ncn-
-pt]mImw. AXn\v Camw Hcp XS--am-I-cp-Xtm. _mn-bp--
h dkq(-k) ]Tn-np Xn-p Xkv_o-lp-Ifpw {]mY-\-Ifpw
\n-ln-Ww. ^Zv \a-kvIm-cm\--c-ap {]mY\v Dcw
e`n-p-sa-v \_n(-k) ]d-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m AXv XnIpw
lrZ-b-kv]inbmb \ne-mbncn-Ww. kemw hon--gn-m
AkvX-Kv^n-dp-mlv
Fv aqv {]mhiyw ]d- b Ww. tijw Am- l p AX-
emw hanI-emw X_m-dIvX bmZ Pemen h-C-Ivdmw
"Am- l pth, \obmWv c- I . \nn \nmWv c.
alm\pw _lp-am-\y-\p-amb \mYm \o A\p-{Kl]qW-\m-W-tm.)
Fv ]d-bpI, tijw kp_vlm-\m (33 {]mh-hiyw), Alw-
Zp- e nm (33 {]mh- i yw), Am- l p- A - I v _ (33 {]mhiyw )hoXw
]dbpI \qdv XnI-bm hn[w
emCeml Cmlv hlvZlp emi-co-e - lp elpapIp
he-lplwZp hlph Aem Ipn ssiC IZo. Am-lp emam-
\nA enam A
- vs sXzX hem-ap-Avnb enam a\- A v hemb- \ v ^ D
ZPn anI Pv
56 \a-kvImcw 57
""Amlp HgnsI bmsXmcp Bcm-[y-\p-an. Ah GI-
\pw ]p- I m- c n- m- - h - \ p- a mWv . B[n- ] - X yhpw kv X pXnbpw Ah-
mWv . Ah k Imcy- pw Ign- h ph\mWv . \mYm \o
\In-bXv XS-bp-h-\n. \o XS-p-sh-Xv \-Ip--h-\p-an.
m\-am-\-f-phs ]Z-hn-I \nn\n-p m\-t-
m Hpw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-a) (\o Xcp ]Z-hn-bmWv bYm ]Z-
hn)'' Fp ]dv sImv Xkv _ olp- I Ah- k m- \ n- n
tijw X\n- n- j v S - a p {]mY\I \S- pI. Izp- B - \ n- e qsS
\s ]Tn-n-n-p {]mY-\-I \nc-h-[n-bmWv. Ah-I-fm-Is
efn- X hpw kmc kqfp- a mWv . {]mY- \ - b n Ahbv v
apK- W \ \IpI. Ch- b psS kmcw ]Tn- p- I bpw \nXyhpw
{]mY-\-bn Dsm-n-p-Ibpw sNpI.
AZmDw IzZmDw
GsXmcp {]hrnbpw \n- b n- - s ka- b - n\p- n
\nh-ln--pXn\v AZm-Av Fpw kabw Ign-p \n-ln-p-
- X n\v IzZm- A v Fpw ]d- b pp. ^fzv \a- k v I - c - AZmAv
Bbn- s m- mWv \n- l n- t - Xv . Fm AXv IzZm- A v
Bp {]h- W X [mcmfw Bfp- I - f n ImWpp. hmkv X - h -
n ^Zv \a- k v I - c - n IzZmAv F {]iv \ w DZn- p- n.
Amlp ]d-bpp:
""\nbw \a- k v I mcw kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I - f n \n_- hpw
ka-b-_-n-X-hp-amn \n-bn-n-cn-pp.'' n]vX ka-b-n
_n-X-amb \a-kvImcw GXp Imc-W-h-imepw Ak-a-b--fn
\n-ln-pI A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-sv {]hm-NI Ncn{Xw \s ]Tn-
n-pp. Jv bpthf-bn Ak \a-kvImcw tPmen-n-c-
n- \ n- S - b n adp t]mb dkqen\pw A\p- b m- b n- I pw
AtXm h- t m F{X- a m- { Xw Akz- X bpm- b n- c p- p-
\a-kvImcw 58 \a-kvImcw 59
shXv Ncn{Xw tcJ-s-Sp-pp. Ip-I-c-hp-amWv. Atm Ah a\-]qhw IpwsNbvX-h-\mbn.
PwDw Jkv d pam A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a mb L- n Hcp ]s a\p- j y- s \ \nev ]noSv sXp t_m[y- s p ]-
hIv X v asmcp hIv X n- t ev ]nn- nmw. AXn- \ m- I s IzZm- A v m]w tXmn. Fn Izp- B - \ ns \nt- i - s av ? B-
Fp ]d- b p- I - b n. ad- p- I tbm Dd- n- t m- h p- I tbm sNbv X m- mY-ambn ]m--]np (Xu_m sNbvXv) B sXv Bhn-
ep hn[n- s b- p- d nv dkq(- k ) ]d- b p- Xv ImWpI: n- s v Am- l p- h n- t \mSv Gp ]dv AXm- h - n- m- X n- c n-
A\kv_v\p amenIn(d)\nv \nth-Z\w. Atlw ]dp: \_n(- pI. ]noSv ka-n apgp-IpI. dlvam\pw dlo-ap-am-b -
k) Acp- f pp: h- h \pw \a- k v I mcw ad- m As- n \a- A-m-lp-hns ]m]-tam-N-\-n \np Bi ssIsh-Sn-bm-Xn-cn-
kvImcw Ign-bpXv hsc Dd-n-tm-bm AXn-\p {]mb-nw pI. CXp Xs-bmWXns {]mb-nw. CX-msX Icp-Xnqn
Hm- b m- I p- I tbm DW- c p- I tbm sNbv X DSs\ \a- k v I - c n- pI. Dt]-n B \-a-kvImcw apgp-h AXv F{X Ipdtm A[n-Itam
ImcWw AXm-W-hs hIzvXv (-ap-kvenw). Cu cp Imc-W--f- BIs Jkm-Av hopI F Hcp ]Xnv CkvemanI ZyjvSym
msX asmcp Imc-W-meqw IrXy-k-a-bn \np sXn-t]m- Hcp \ymbhpw Ah-X-cn-n-m-\n. AXn-\m ^Zzv \a-kvIm-c-
Ip Hch Hcmpw kn-m-\mhn. -fn IzZm-Av F {]iv\w Xs D`-hn-p-n.
B- h - I m- c n- I , {]k- h n- - h , {]k- h - c - a p- h
ipn-bm-Ip-thm-fw \a-kvI-cn-t--Xn. ipn-bm-bmtem Ah
IzZm-Av hot--Xn-tm. t_m[w \in--h\v kpt_m[w Xncn-p-
In- nb hIzv X nse \a- k v I m- c ta _m[- I - a pq. {`m {`mn
\nv ap-amb ka-b-p \a-kvIm-cta \n-ln-t--Xpp.
bm{X-bnepw bp--f-nepw `b-hn-lz-e-X-bp--tmgpw tcmK-ap-
- t m- g p- s amw hnhn[ hnp- h o- g v - I \I- s - n- p- s - nepw
\a-kvImcw Hgn-hm-mt\m Fmw IqSn asmcp ka-b-tv Iqn-
shv \a- k v I - c n- mt\m ]mSp- - X . Acw cwK- - f n F{]-
Imcw km[y- a m- I mtam A{]- I mcw \n- l np dkq amXrI
ImWnp Xcn-IbmWv sNbvXn-p--Xv.
sh- a n- s - n Xbpw sNmw. \nm I- g n- b n- s -
n Ccptm InStm \n-lnmw. AXn-m-In-s-n BwKy-
fmtem lrZ- b - n \ncq- ] ntm \n- l n- m- h p- - X mWv .
hkv{Xw Hpw InmsX hcn-I-bm-sW-n \-\mtbm [rXn-bn-tem-
Sp hml-\-n-em-sW-n AXn-en-cptm A`-bmYn-bmbn `b-
tm-Sp-pshn \S-p-tmtgm HmSp-tmtgm km[y-amb coXn-
bn \n-bn--s ka-b-n-\p-n Xs \nh-lnW-sa-
mWv Ckvemw \njv-I-jn-n-c-np-Xv. AmsX Fmw IqSn H-
b-Snv ]S--h\v Fw sImSp-p IzZmAv F Hcp ]cn-]mSn
^Zv \a-kvIm-c--fn k-ev]n-pI IqSn km[y-a.
C{Xbpw ]d--tm kzm`m-hn-I-amsbmcp kwibw DS-
se-Sppw. Icp-Xn-qn Hcm \a-kvImcw Hgn-hmn. ]noSv AXv
sXm- s Wv t_m[y- s p. Fm Ignpt]m- b Xv IzZm- A v
hot--Xnt? AXn-\p adp-]-Sn- CXmWv: tad Imc-W--
sfm-p-an-msX Icp-Xn-qn Hcm A{]-Imcw sNp-Xv ]m]hpw
\a-kvImcw
hnhn[ \a-kvI-mc-
PwDw Izkvdpw
Zzplvdpw Akvdpw Xnepw aKvcn_pw CimDw Xnepw Iqn
Hcp ka-bv \a-kvI-cn-p--Xn\v PwAv Fpw \mep dIv-A-p-
I- f p \a- k v I m- c s cmn \a- k v I - c n- p- - X ns\ Izkv d v
Fpw ]d-bpp. tcmKn-Ipw bm{X-mpw A\p-h-Zn--s
B\p-Iq-ey-amWv PwAv. Izkvdv bm{X-mv am{Xhpw. {lkz-amb
bm{X-m-c\pw \nmc tcmKn-Ifpw Cu B\p-Iqeyw ssI-m-Xn-
cn--emWv Daw.
bm{X- b n kztZ- i m- X nn hn- X n\v tijamWv Izkv d v
sNt-Xv. bm{X Ignp Xncn-s-p--Xv hsc Izkvdpw PwDw
Bm- h p- - X mWv . \o Ah[n hsc \np- s a ey-
tmsS ]pd-s--h AhnsS Fn--gn-m ]nnSv PwDw
Jkv d pw Bm- h - X . A\n- n- X - s a- n AXm- b Xv GX- h - k - c -
nepw aS-m-hp--Xm-sW-p {]Xo--bn Ignbp--h F{X-
th-W-sa-nepw Izkvcpw PwD amm-samWv lZo-kp-I PwD
sNbvXn-p ]WvUn-X-m (ssh-cp-y--fp Fm lZo-kp-I-
fpw Hcp-anv Iqn Kth-jWw sNbvXp Xocp-am\w ]d-n-p-f-f
]Wv U n- X - m) A`n{]mb- s - n- p- Xv . A\n- n- X - a mbn XpS- c p
Ccw bm{X- I - f n IqSn- b m ]Xn- s \p Znhkw hsc Izkv d v
sNm-hp-Xm-sWpw ]nsbpw XpS-tcn hm ]qW-ambn
\n-ln-t--Xm-sWpw {]_-e-amb asm-c-`n-{]mbhpw \ne-hn-
epv.
\_n(-k)bpsS PwAv \a-kvIm-c-n-ep k{-Zmbw apB-
Zp_v \ p P_ (d) Cs\ \nth- Z \w sNpp. \_n(- k ) D
sXpw apv bm{X- Xp-S-n-bm Zzpl ]nnp Ak ka-bp
cpw \a- k v I - c npw. Dv tijw ]pd- s - S m- s \m- c p- n- b m
fpl ka-b-p-Xs Akdpw IqSn \n-lnpw. Fnp ]pd-
sSpw. aKvcn-_n\v app ]pd-s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n aKvcn_v ]nnp
60 \a-kvImcw 61
Cim-C-t\msSmw \nh-lnpw. aKvcn-_n\p tijw ]pd-s-m
aKvcn-t_m-sSmw Cim-Av \a-kvI-cnpw (A-lva-Zv, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,
Xpap-Zn).
Izkzv kw_- - a mbn A_v Z p- m- l n_v \ p Da(- d ) D- c n-
pp: Rm \_n(-k)-tbm-sSmw IqSn. Atlw bm{X-bn cv
dIv - A - n IqSp- X - e mbn \a- k v I - c n- mtd- b n. A_q- _ - I v d pw
Dadpw Dkv a m\pw (d) bm{X- I - f n A{]- I mcw Xsbmbn- c p- p.
(_p-Jmcn, apkvenw)
Camw A_q- l - \ o^(d) bm{X- b n Izkz \n_- - a mWv
Fpw amenIv, im^nCu AlvaZv(-d) Fn-h ]qoI-cnp \a-
kvI-cn- A\p-h-Z-\o-b-sa-nepw Ikz-dm-Wv t{ijvT-Icw Fp-
amWv ]d-bp-Xv. ssiJp Ckvemw C_v\p-ssX-anb (d) ]d-bpp:
bm{X-bn ]qn-I-cnp \a-kvI-cn- shdp--s Imcy-am-Wv.
(A CJvXn-bm-dm-v). PwAv cp Xc-n-epv. BZy-t-Xns
hIzvn cm-a-tXv \n-ln-p--Xns\ PwD-JvZow Fpw
BZy-tXv cm-a-s-hIzvn-tev ]nn-p--Xns\ PwD--
Av-Jo Fpw ]d-bpp. PwD sNp-tm _mpw CIzm-apw
hnfn tijw BZys hIzvnse \a-kvImcw BZyw \a-kvI-
cn- pI. kemw honb tijw CIzm- a v am{Xw hnfnp cm- a -
tXv \nhln-pI. cn-\p-an-S-bn IqSp-X- kabw sh-cpXv.
PwD--Av-Jo sNp-tm BZy-t-Xns hIzvn ]nnp
PwD sNbvXp \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bm-Wp \nv sNbvXn-cn-Ww.
kp_vlv \a-kvImcw AXns hIzvn Xs-bm-Wv \n-ln-t-
Xv. PwDw Izkvdpw AXn\v _m[-I-a.
PpapA \a-kvImcw
shn-bmgv tXmdpw fzpl ka-bv Hmtcm al--pI-fnepw
Ppap- A v ]n- I - f n shp \S- p \a- k v I m- c - a m- W nXv .
{]mb-]qns-b-nb Fm ]pcp-jampw PpapA \n--
amWv . tcmKnIpw bm{X- mpw \n- - a n. kv { XoI
kuI-cy-ap-s-n ]s-Sp-pI Xs thWw. Ppap-Av hcp-
-Xn\v apv Ipfn-pI, \ hkv{Xw [cn-pI, kpK--a-Wn-bpI
Fnh kp-p-I-fmWv. Jo_v ({]m-kw-Kn-I) an--dn ({]-
kw-K-]oTw )I-b-dp--Xn\v apv Xs lmP-cm-bn-cn-Ww. Jo_v
an-dn Ib-dn-bm PpapAv hcp--h-cpsS t]cp-I tcJ-s-
Sp-p ae-p-I AhcpsS cPn--dp-I ASv {im-]qhw
Jpp_ {in-m-\n-cn-p-sapw AXn-\m AXn\v app-Xs
Fm-hcpw Fn-t-c-W-sapw dkq (k) {]tXyIw D]-tZ-in-
\a-kvImcw 62 \a-kvImcw 63
n-pv. Ppap-A-mbn {]th-in-m Ccn-p--Xn\v apv cv kqtcym-Z-b-n\v tijw Dv ap]v \n-ln-p CuZv \a-
dIv-Av \a-kvI-cn-Ww. kvIm-c- ssaXm-\--fn shmWv \n-ln-t-Xv.
Zpzpl ka- b - a m- b m Jo_v an- d n Ibdn \np \mnse B_mehrw P\--fXn ]s-Sp-Ww. bph-Xn-
P\sf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnv kemw ]d-bpI. tijw apA-n _mv Ipw B-h-Im-cn-Ipw- A-hnsS kn-lnX-cmhmw. ]s
hnfnpI. ]noSv Jn_v cp {]kw- K - \nhln- Ww. B-h-Im-cn-I \a-kvIm-c-n \nsm-gnp\np-Ibpw
lwZv (A- mlphns\ kv X pXn- ), kz- e mv (\- _ n- p- t hn Jpp_ {in- p- I , XIv _ o sNmpI, Zm\ [mZn Imcy-
{]mYn- ), XIzv h sImp hkn- v , Izp- B - \ n fn ]s-Sp-pI Fnh \n-ln-m-hp--XmWv. Pam-A-m-
\n]w HmX, Ah-km-\-n-F-m-hp-ambn {]mYn- bp cv dIv - A v \a- k v I mcamWnXv . BZys dIv - A - n
Ch- I - f mWv Jpp- _ bpsS dpIv \ p- I . JpXp- _ - b psS {][m- \ - {]mcw`{]mY\v tijw Ggp {]mh- i yhpw cm- a - t - X n
eyw kmtcm-]-tZ-i-amWv. AXv {in-m-\m-Wv P\- \ni-_vZ- Ap {]h- i yhpw XIv _ o sNmWw. Hmtcm XIv _ o sNmp-
cmbncn- W - s av Ckv e mw \njv I jn- n- c n- p- Xv . (X- I zv h tm- g pw ssII Npa- e n\p t\sc Dbn hopw sIWw.
sImp hkzn--v Fm Jo-_ns P\--f-Sp D]- XIv _ o- d p- I v tijw kqd- p ^mnlbpw tijw kqd-
tZi {]kw-K-am-Wv.) p-I-fpw HmXWw. \a-kvIm-c-n\v tijw Camw Hcp Jpp_
cv Jpp- _ InS- b n Jo_v A]kabw Ccn- \n-ln--Ww. CuZpKm-lp-I-fn-tev hcp-Xn\v apv Ipfn-pI,
Ww. Jpp_ \S- p- t m kZ- k y - k w- k m- c n- mt\m ap \ hkv{X--fWn-bpI, kpK {Zhy- ]qipI, hcp-tm-gpw
Imcy-fntes-Smt\m ]mSn. apnta ssIsI-n-bn-cn--cp- t]mIp-tmgpw XIv_o apg-pI, t]mp hcp-hp-I hyXykvX
sXpw Ddw tXmp- t m ew amdn- b n- c n- - W - s apw hgn-I-fn-eqsS Bbn-cn-pI Fnh kp-pI-fmWv. Zm\ [a-
k{iw {]kwKw tIp-sIm-n-cn--W-sapw \_n(-k) D]-tZ- \S-pI. IpSpw-_-sf kin-pI, km-c- \S-
in--Xmbn \nc-h[n lZo-kp-I-fn ImWmw. Jpp- _v tijw pI Fnh Cu Zn\--fnse {]tXyI k--fmIpp.
cp dIv-Av Pam-A-mbn \a-kvI-cn-Ww. CXn Izp-B Cu Znh-k-n A\n-kvem-an-I-am hnt\m-Z--fn Gs-
Dd- s - b mWv HmtX- Xv . C_v \ p akv - D u- Z n \nv \nth- Z \w: Sp-Xv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv.
\nbw \_n(-k) PpapAv lmP-cm-Im--hscpdnv {]kvXm- sNdnb s]cp-m Zn\-n PpapA hscbpw _en-s]-
hnp. P\--fp-ambn \a-kvI-cn-m Hcmsf Rm Gm-Sm-pI, cp-m-fn Apw tij-ap aqp Znh-kfnepw (A-m-ap--
Fnv Ppap- A v hn- n- m- h - c psS hoSp klnXw Rm iv c o- I zv ) \a- k v I mc\cw XIv _ o apg- - kp- m- I pp.
(Xs t\cnv sNv) Xo sImfpn Npp-I-cn-m Dt-in-m-dpv. CuZp ^nXz Zn\- n \a- k v I m- c - n\v apv Xs ^nXz
(ap-kvenw) kmv sImSpp XoWw. CuZp AZvlm-Zn-\-n CuZv
Da(-d), C_v\p Amkv (d), A_q-lp-ssdd (d)-Fnh D- \a-kvImcw Ign--bp-Ss\ _en-Iw \SpI. CuZp ^nXz-
cn-pp. \_n(k) Xs an-dn \np sImv {]Jym-]n-p-- dn\v \a-kvIm-c-n\v h-cp--Xn\v apv `-W-sa-s-nepw Ign-
Xp- t Ip. PpapAtbmSv hnS- ] - d - b p- - h AWn Ah- k m- \ n- n- eqw, Cu-Zp AZvlv `Ww Ign-msX hcepw dkq (k)-
s. Am ]w Amlp Ah- c psS lrZ- b - - f nta bpsS amXr-I-bns-Xm-Ip-p.
kosh- pw. Atm- f - h alm Ae- k - m- c mbn Aebpw.
(apkvenw, \km-Cu) CuZpw Ppap- A bpw Hnp hm
apkvenwIfpsS cm-tLm-j--fmb CuZp ^nXzvdpw, Cu-
CuZv \a- k v I m- c - Zp AZv l bpw shn- b mgv bm Zn\- - f n hcn- I - b m- s W-
daZm-\nse {hXm-\p-jvTm\ns kam]vXn Ipdnv sImv n {]tXy-Inv {]iv\--fn. Fm Ah-bn GsX-nepw
im amkw Hn\v BtLm- j n- p kpZn- \ - a mWv CuZp Hp shn- b mgv hcn- I - b m- s W- n At Znhkw cv
^nXzv (sN-dnb s]cp-m).- Zpl-v amkw ]n\v CuZp PpapAI Bh-iy-amtWm Atbm F hnj-bw Aev]w Bi-
AZv l m (_en s]cp- m ) BtLm- j n- pp. Cu Zn\- - f n b- I p- g - - n\v hI \Ip- pv . AXn- \ m AXn- s \- I p- d np
\a-kvImcw
Ckv e m- a nI hn[nbpw ]Wv U n- X - mcpsS- \n- K - a - \ - fpw hne- b n- c p-
p-I-bm-Wn-hnsS.
Cn- j - b - I - a mbn ]cn- i p Izp- B Hpw- {]- X n- ] m- Z n- p
ImWp- n. Fm \_n(- k ) bpsSbpw klm- _ n- I - f psSbpw
{]h- \ - sfpdn- p lZo- k p- I - f mWv Cu hnj- b - n
\ap--dnhv \Ip-Xv. IqSp-X sXfn-hp-I \Ip {][m-\-
s aqv lZo-kp-I ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Znmw. Hm-a-Xmbn AlvaZv,
A_q-ZmhqZv, C_v\p-amP Fo lZokv {K- sskZp_v\p
AIz- a n (d)- \ nv dntmv sNbv X - X mWv . AXn- { ]- I m- c - a mWv .
sskZp_v\p AJ-an-t\mSv apB-hnb(d)-tNmZnp: cv CuZp-I
(Hv CuZv \a-kvIm-ctbpw cm-aXv Ppap-A-tbbpw kqNn-n-
p-p. -Pp-ap-Asb apkvenw-I-fpsS s]cp-m Fp \_n (k)
hnti-jn-n-n-pv) Hcp-anvIqSn-b-Xn\v dkq-en-t\m-sSmw Xm
kmn- b m- b n- ptm? Atlw ]dp: AsX. ]I- e ns BZy-
n CuZv\-a-kvI-cnp. ]noSv \_n(-k) ]dp: Bsc-nepw
Ppap- A - b n ]s- S p- m- \ m- { K- l n- p- p- s h- n ]p- s Im- s.
Cu lZokns\ Ipdnv Camw im^nCu Xs ss\ep Ahp-Xzm
F {K-n ]d-bp--Xn-{]-Im-c-amWv. sskZv_v\p AIz-ans
Cu lZokv \km- C bpw lmInapw dntmv sNbv X n- pv . Aen-
p_v\p aZo\n icn-bm-sWp ]d-bpp. ]s Cu lZo-kns
]c- - c - b n Cbm- k p_v \ p A_o- d we F dntm
AmX\mIp- p.
cm-a-Xmbn A_q-lpdbvdbn \nv B_q-Zm-hqZpw C_v\p-
am-Pbpw dntmv sNbvX lZo-kmWv. Atlw ]dp: dkq
(- k ) ]dp: \n- f psS Cu Znhkw cv CuZp- I Hcp- a nncn-
pp. Bsc- nepw Ppap- A - b mbn aXn- b m- p- pthm, A- s \-
bmImw. R (c-m-as) Pp-ap-A-mbn Hcp-an-p-IqSpw. Cu
lZo-ks\ Ipdnv Camw iuIm\n ]d-bpp. Cu l-Zokv lmInw
dntmv sNbv X n- pv . ZmdIzpXv \ nbpw Camw Alv a - Z p_v \ p
lepw CXv i- c n- s h- n- c npp. Fm ss_lIzn Cu hnp-
hogvN A\p-h-Zn--Xns\ ]-W-n \nv AI Bfp-I am{Xw
_m[-I-am-b-Xm-sWp \n_-\shn-cn-pp. Fm CXn-s
]c-c Zp-e-amWv (ss\-ep-A-hvXzm hmfyw 3).
C\n aqm- a - X mbn hlv _ v _ v \ p ssIkm- \ n \nv \km-
Cbpw A_q-Zm-hqZpw dntmv sNbvX lZokv. Atlw ]dp:
C_v \ p kpss_- d ns Imev cv CuZp- I Hcp- a np hp.
Atm Atlw ]I Ipdv sshIn ]n-bn-tev ]pd-sp
(km[mcW s]cp- m PpapAbpsS ka- b - n- \nev ] w
64 \a-kvImcw 65
sshIn). A- t lw BZyw Jpp_ \Snb tijw cv dIv -
Av \a-kvI-cnp. Av PpapA ]nnSv \a-kvI-cn-n. Atm
Rm C_v\p Am-kn(-d)-t\mSv CXp ]dp. Atlw ]dp:
{]hm-N-I-Ncy Abm {]m]n-n-cn-pp. CtX lZokv AXzmAv
(d)- \nv A_q-Zm-hqZv thsdbpw dntmv sNbv-Xn-pv. AXn
]I-en t\cs Xs \a-kvI-cn-n Fm-Wp-Xv. B lZo-
knse dntmam kzoIm-cy-am-sWpw C_v\p Amkn (d)s
A`n-{]m-b {]I-S-\-ns dntmamcpw kzoI-cn--s-Sm-hp--
h-cm-sWpw Camw iuIm\n A`n-{]m-b-sSpp.(-ss\-ep Ahp-
Xzm)
Cu lZokp- I - f psS shfn- - n- e mWv CXns\ kw_- n
Fm A`n-{]m-b-fpw cq]w sImn-p-f-fXv. CXv tcJ-bmbn kzoI-
cnv A[nI ]WvUn-X-mcpw Cn-j-b-I-ambn Xmsg ]d-bp A`n-
{]m-b- kzoI-cn-n-cn-pp. cp Ppap-A-I Hcp-anp Hcp Zn\-
n hm s]cp- m PpapA Fm- h cpw \n- l n- Ww.
cm-as PpapA ]n-bn \S--s-SWw. BZy PpapA (Cu-
Zv)-bn ]s-Sp--h cm-a-t-Xn ]vsIm--W-sa-n. BZy-
Pp- a pAbn ]s- S p- - h ImcWw IqSmsX Xs cm- a - t -
Xn ]s-Sp-n-s-n Hcn-epw Ip-m-c. cm-as Ppap-
Av ]Icw Zpl \a-kvI-cn-Ww. aZvl-_p-I-fpsS Cam-ap-I-fn
im^n- C u(- d ) Dkv a m (d)- s - I m- e s kw`hw D- c n- p-
sImns\ ]dbpp: Dkv a m(d) - C uZv \a- k v I - c n- - t ijw
Cs\ ]dp: Cv cv PpapA Hcp-anp hn-cn-pp. ]-
W-hm-kn-Ifm--h PpapA {]Xo-n-n-cn-m B{K-ln-p-p-
sh- n {]Xo- n- pI. AX Xncnv t]mIp- I - b m- s W- n
Ans\ sNpI. AXn- - \ p- h mZw \ev I - s - n- c n- pp (In- X m-
_p Dv). AXn-\m im^n-Cu(-d)- ]-d-bp-Xv ]-W-hm-kn-Iv
Hgn-I-gnhv A\p-h-Zn--s-n-n-spw Ah Pp-ap-A-bn ]s-Sp-
- W - s apw Am- - h v Cjv S w t]mse sNm- s a- p- a mWv .
]s ap ]e ]WvUn-Xamcpw CXn A\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn-p
hnp-hogv Fm-hpw _m[-I-am-sWv ]d-n-pv. B A`n-
{]m-b-amWv Ipsd-IqSn icn-bm-bn tXmp-Xv. AXn-\p Imc-W-
- f n NneXv ]dbmw. 1. Ppap- A - b psS eyw As CuZn-
\m kmm-cn--s-n-cn-pp. 2. s]-cp-m Znh-k-n
Ppap- A v hnp- h ogv \ev I - s - n- c n- p- p. 3. sIm- n cv
{]mhiyw am{X-ap CuZv Ppap-A-tbm hnti-j-s--Xm-Ipp.
AXm-Is A]q-amtb Dm-Im-dpp. AXn-\m CuZv \n-
ln--h Hcp Ppap-Av IqSn lmP-cm-I-W-sa-n. ]s-Sp-p--
\a-kvImcw
Xnhn-tcm-[-hp-an-.
C\n asmcp hnti-j-ap-Xv, Ppap-A-bn ]s-Sp-m--h
Ap Zpl \a-kvI-cn-t--Xptm Ctbm FXmWv. `qcn-
]w ]Wv U n- X - mcpw Zpl \n- - a m- s WmWv ]d- n- p-
Xv. AXp-X-s-bmWv icn-bm-bn-p-Xpw. ImcWw Ppap-A-bn
]s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-m-\p hnp-hogvNv \evIp Hcp-Im-c-W(-k-_-_v)-
amWv CuZv . Imc- W - a p- s - n (D- Z v d v ) PapA Hgn- h mn ]Icw
Zpl \a-kvI-cn-m aXn FXv A\n-tj-[y-amb sXfn-hm-Wtm.
am{X-a Ap-h-IvXn s] Hcp hIzvXmWv km[m-cW Ppap-A-
bpsS kabw. AXn-\m AsXm-gn-hm-m \nml-an. PpapA
As- n Zpl. AmsX cpw Hgn- h m- m- h - X . Av CuZv
Dm- b Xv sImv Ppap- A v t]mI- W - s a- n. Zpl \a- k v I - c n-
m aXn Fp am{Xw.
s]cp-m PpapA Hcp km[m-cW kp-s \nev
AXn\v hen-sbmcp {]m[m\yw Iev]n-m ]cn-X-nXn Nnte-S-
-fn-epv. km[m-cW kpv Fp ]d-bp-tm P\- a\-
n- e mnbncn- p- Xpw ^nzv l v {K- \Ip- - X p- a mb
\n-N\w {]hn-m {]Xn-^ew In-p-Xv Dt]-n-m Ip-
an-m-Xv FmWv. bYm-n CuZns\ A-c-n-se-m
km[y- a . lnPv d Hmw hjw \_n(- k ) CXp \S- n- e m- n- b Xv
apX a-cn-pXv hsc bmsXmcp Imc-Wmepw Dt]-n-n-n.
Hcn- ag- b psS Imc- W m \nn shp- Xn\v ]Icw
ssaXm-\v \nv ]n-bn-tev amp-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. CuZn\v
kv{XoIsf ]sSp-n-m (A-h B-h-Im-cn-Itfm bph-Xn-
Itfm Bbmepw) k-lm-_n-I Bm-]n--s-n-cn-pp (_p-
Jm-cn). hkv{X-an-sn Abhmknbn \nv hmn-sb-nepw
hcnI. B-h-ImcnI \a-kvI-cn--cp-sXv am{Xw. _mn-bp-
ff Imcy- - f n (X- I v _ o, {]- k wKw, Zm- \ - [ w Fnhbn
]s-Sp--Ww). kv{XoI t]mepw C{]-Imcw Bm-]n--s-n-
p- s - n ]pcp- j amcpsS Imcyw ]d- b m- \ ptm. CuZv Zn\w
shn-bm-gvN-bm-sW-n Ppap-Av hnp-ho-gvN(-dp-Jvk)- X-n-cn-
p- Xpw CXns {]m[m- \ yw hnfn- t m- X pp. ktm- j -
nsbpw ssZhs al-Xz-s-Spn Ah\p \n {]Im-in-n-p-
-Xn-sbpw kpZn-\-amb Ap B_mehrw P\- Blvfm-
Z- t msS ]s- S p- m \nt- i n- - s - n- c n- p almb B
Iw t\cs ]d- shdpw kp- ns \n- N - \ -
ns]Sp-m Cu Imc-W-fm km[y-a. AXv Ckvem-anI
ico- A - n {]hm- N - I s kpi- - a mb amXr- I - b m nc-
66 \a-kvImcw 67
sSp- s Hgn- p- I q- S m ]m D- X - a mb Iw Xs.
shn- b m- g v - b nse Ppap- A bpw Hcp Znh- k nse Av {]mh-
iys Pam- A p \a- k v I m- c hpw Hcp \mn \n- l n-
mm B \m- p- I m apgp- h \pw Ip- mcmIp- Xv t]mse
CXpw A{]-Imcw \n-ln-m-m Fm-hcpw Ip-m-cm-IpI
Xs sNpw FmWv Ch-bn \nv a\-n-em-p-Xv.
{KlW \a-kvIm-c-
kqcyt\m N{t\m {KlWw _m[n-p-tm-gp {]tXyI \a-
kv I m- c - a mWv {KlW \a- k v I mcw. km[m- c W \a- k v I m- c - n
\n]w hyXym- k - a m- W nXv . cp dIv - A - p Cu \a- k v I m- c -
nse Hmtcm dIv A - nepw cv dpIq- D - I - f pv . Hmtcm dIv - A -
nepw ^mn- l v tijw Izp- B [cm- f - a mbn ]mc- b Ww
sNbvXv BZys dpIqAv sNpI. BZy dpIq-C \np-b
tijw hopw ssIsI- pIbpw - B - Z y- t Xp t]mse Izp- B
HmXp- I bpw tijw dpIqDw CAv - n- Z mepw ]noSv kpPqZpw
Fns\ cv dIv - A p \n- l n- Ww. dpIq- D - I fpw kqPq-
Zp-Ifpw hfsc ssZLy-ap--Xm-bn-cn-Ww. {KlWw XpS-n-b-
Xp-ap-X Ah-km-\n-p-Xv hsc \a-kvI-cn-Ww. CXn ]mcm-
bWw Dd-s-bm-bn-cn-Ww. lnPvd- ]mw hjw \_n(-k)-bpsS
C{_mlnw F Ipn acn Znh-k-n bmZrOn-I-ambn {Kl-W-
ap-m-bn-. P\- Ipn-bpsS ac-W-hp-ambn _-apsv sXn-
-cnp. CXv a\-n-em-nb \_n(-k) Cu \a-kvImcw \n-ln--
tijw Hcp {]kwKw sNbvXp. AXn C{]-Imcw in-bmb `mj-
bn {]kvXm-hn-p-I-bp-mbn, \nbw kqcy N{am Am-
lp-hns cv ZrjvS-m--fmWv. HcmfpsS P\\w aqetam acWw
aqetam Ahp {KlWw _m[n-p-I-bn. {KlWw kw`-hn-m
Rm \a- k v I - c n- - X p- t ]mse \a- k v I - c n- p- I bpw Zm\[-
hn- n- p- I bpw Am- l p- h ns\ [mcm- f - a mbn kv a cn- p- I - b pw
sNpI. s]cp-m \a-kvIm-cw t]mse {KlW \a-kvIm-c-n\p
tij-hpw- Camw P\-sf A`n-ap-Jn-I-cnv {]kwKw \S-Ww.
CkvXn-kvIzm-Av
\mn hc _m[n-p-Ibpw ag InmsX a\p-jycpw Poh-
Pm-e-fpw IjvS-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-tm ag hjn-np Xcp-hm-
\mbn Am-lp-hn-t\m-S-t]-n-m-\p-ff \a-kvIm-c-n-\mWv kzem-
p Ckv X n- k v I zm- A v Fp ]d- b p- I . P\- sNbv X p- t ]mb
]m]- v Amlphn ]m- - ] nv aS- n- s mv Hcp
\a-kvImcw
ssaXm- \ v Fm- h - c pw H- c p- a nv IqSpI. Fm- h cpw Ah- c p- s S
hfp- a r- K - - s fbpw IqsS- s Im- p- h v ssaXm- \ - ns Hcp
`mKv \npI. B_me- h rw P\- fpw CXn ]s- S p-
Ww. Camw Fm-h-scbpw Iqn cp dIv-A-v\-a-kvI-cn-pI.
Camw ZoL-ambn {]mYn-p-tm Fm-hcpw Iq-ambn Bao
]d-bpI. \a-kvIm-c-n\v tijw Hcp {]kwKw \S-Ww. {]kw-
K- nepw [mcm- f - a mbn {]mYn- Ww. {]mY\m- t h- f bn
Izn_ve`nap-J-ambn \nv ico-c-n-ep X-ns heXv `mKw
CS-tmpw CSXv `Kw he-tmpw amn-bn-Sp-Ibpw ssII tatem-
p-bn {]mYn-p-I-bp-am-Wv thXv. tLmc-amb agbpw Impw
aptJ\ \nc--c-ambn \mi-\jvSw kw`-hn-mepw C{]-Imcw \a-kvI-
cn-m Ckvemw \njvIjn-p-pv.
kpv \a-kvIm-c-
Av ^Zv \a-kvIm-c-v ]pdsa sFOn-I-ambn \n-
ln-t Nne \a-kvIm-c--fpv. Am-lp-hp-ambn IqSp-X-e-Sp-p-
hm\pw Bcm- [ - \ - b n {]Xn- ] - n- b p- m- I p- h m\pw ^Zp- I - f n
hcp \yq\- X - I ]cn- l - c n- p- s Sp- h m\pw kpp \a- k v I m-
c- D]-I-cn-p-sav \_n(-k)-D-]-tZ-in-n-cn-pp. Hmtcm Znh-
k-sbpw ^Zv\a-kvIm-c-v appw tijhp-ambn ]Xn-hmbn
\n-ln-tp kpv \a-kvIm-c-sf dhm-n_v Fv ]d-
bpp. Zpl-dn\v ap]pw ]npw cv hoXhpw aKvcn-_n\pw Cim-
C\pw tijw cv hoXhpw kp_- l n\v app cv dIv - A - p-
ImfpamWnXv . Ch- s b- mfpw hn- n- m- \ p- t - i n- phv
CXn\p ]pdsa Zpl-dn\v appw ]n]pw cv hoXhpw Ak-dn\p
apv \mepw Cim-C\p apv cpw IqSn \n-lnmhp-Xm-Wv.
Iznbm-ap-sse hnXv
da- Z zm- \ nepw Am Ime- - f nepw CimC- v tij- a p- f f
dhm- n- _ n\v tijw kp_- l nv apmbn \a- k v I - c n- p
kpv \a-kvImc-fmWv hnXv.
CXv Ghpw Npcp-n-bXv Hpw IqSn-bm ]Xn-s\m-p-amW.v
km[m-c-W-bn aqn Ipd-bm-Xn-cn--emWv Daw. Ah-km-\-
n H dIv-A-mbn \n-ln-p--Xn\memWv CXn\v hnXv (H-
) Fp t]cv hXv. cp dIv-A-p-I hoXw \a-kvI-cnv Ah-
km- \ - n aqp dIv - A v Hnv \- a - k v I - c n- p coXn- b mWv
A`n-Im-ay-am-bXv.
da-Zm amk-n ZnL-ambn Izp-B ]m-cm-bWw sNbvXv
68 \a-kvImcw 69
Htcm Cucv dIv-A-n\v tijhpw A]-k-abw hn{i-anv \a-
kvI-cn-p Cu \a-kvIm-c-n\v kzem-p--dm-ho-lv (hn-{i-a -
\- a - k v I m- c w) Fp dkq (k)- b psS ]nm- e v \m- a - I - c Ww
sN-sp. CXp Xs- Cim-C\p tijw A]w Dd-n-b-Xn\v
tijw Fgp-tv Dd--an-fv \a-kvI-cn-p-tm kzem-p--l-
p- Z v (- D - d - - a n- f - p \a- k v I mcw) Fpw cm{Xn- b nse kp-
mb \a- k v I mcamb- X n- \ m Jnbm- a p- s s (cm- { Xn- b nse \a-
kvImcw) Fpw CXns\ lZ-o-kp- {K--fn ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-
n-b-Xmbn ImWmw. cm{Xn-bnse \_n(-k)-bpsS \a-kvIm-cs
Ipdnv BCi(d)-tbmSv tNmZn--tm Ah ]dp: da-Zm-\ntem
Am--tgm dkq (k) cm{Xn-b ]Xn-s\m-n-t\-m hn-
n-n-n (_p-Jm-cn, -ap-kvenw)
CXv hfsc t{ijvThpw {]Xn-^-eml-hp-amb \a-kvIm-c-
am- I pp. lrZ- b - k m- n- y- t msS IqSp- X Izp- B
]mcmbWw sNbvXv sImv CXv \n-ln-p-hv taml-\--
fmb kzKob hmKvZm-\- Izp-B Ddv \Ipp. {]hm-N-
I (k)- C Xv Pohn- X - n Fpw \n- l n- p- t ]m- XpamWv .
daZm\n CXv Pam-A-mbn \n-ln-m-hp--Xp-amWv.
Xln-v
asmcp kpv \a- k - I m- c - a mWv ]n- b n {]th- i n- m
Ccn-p--Xn\p apv cp dIv-Av Xln--p akvPnZv \n-
ln-. Pam-Ap \a-kvImcw \S-p-tmgpw Ak \-a-kvIm-
c-n\v tijw kqcym-kvX-abw hscbpw ^Pv \a-kvIm-cm-\cw
kqtcymZbw hscbpw Hgn-sI-bp atXp ka-bpw ]n-bn
{]th-in-m CXv kp-m-Ipp.
CkvXn-Jmdx \a-kvIm-cw-
A-\p-h-Z-\ob amb Hcp-Im-cys pdnv KpWtam tZmjtam
Fp- X o- c p- a m- \ - s a- S p- p- Xn\v hnjaw t\cn- S p- t m a\- - a m-
[m\w e`n- m\pw \ tXmn- n- s- S p- h m- \ p- a mbn \n- l n-
m \nt- i n- s- n- c np \a- k v I m- c - a mWv Ckv X n- J md.
Pm_ndn(d) \nv dntmp sNbvX _pJm-cn-bpsS lZokv CXns
]q cq]w \s ]Tn- n- pp. Pm_n(- d )- ] - d - b pp: Izp- B -
\nse Aymbw ]Tn-n-n-cp-Xv t]mse Fm Imcy-nepw \a-
sb sXmtS {Iaw \_n (k)- R - v ]Tn- np Xn- c pp.
Ahn-Spv Cs\ ]dp: \n-fn-sem-cm Hcp Imcy-n\pt-
in-m \n--an-m dv dIv-Av \a-kvI-cn-s. Fn-
\a-kvImcw
n-{]-Imcw {]mYns:
""Am- l p Co Akv X - J odpI hA- k v X - I zv Z n- d pI _nIzp-
Zvd-nI hA-kv-A-epI an ^fvenI Afow. ^C-I XIzvZndp
hem- A - I zv Z ndp hX- A - v e ap hem AAv - e ap hAX Am- a p
Kpbq_v . Am- l p CIpX XAv - e ap A lmZ Awd
ssJdp eo^oZo\o ha-Bio hB-Izn-_n Awco ^IzvZn eo
hb- nlpeo kp _mdnIv e n ^oln hC IpX XA- e ap
A lmZ- A wd idpeo ^oZo\o ha- B - i o h BIzn- _ Xn
Awdo ^kzvdn^vlp Ao hkvdn^v\o Alp hIzvZn enb
ssJd sslYp Im\ Yp Afn\o _nln
Am- l pth Rm \ntmSv \ns Adnhv sImv \
Fsv tNmZn-pp. \ns in sImv \ntmSv in tNmZn-
pp. \o Fm-n\pw Ign-hp-d-d-h. Rm Ign-hn-m--h. \o
Adn-bp--h\pw Rm \mbn Adn-bm--h\pw. \obm-Is AZr-
iyw IqSn \mbn Adn-bp-p. Am-lpth, Fs Imcyw Fs
Zo\nepw Pohn-X-nepw Imcy-ns Ay-nepw KpW-I-c-sav
\o Adn- b ppshn AsX- \ nv km[n- np Xtc- W sa. AXn-
\p amKw Ffp--am-p-I-bpw AXn \o A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw
sNt- W ta! AX Fs Zo\nepw D]- P o- h - \ - nepw Ay-
nepw Cmcyw tZmj- I - c - s av \o Adn- b p- pshn AXv
Fn \n- I - p- I bpw Fs AXn \nv AI- p- I bpw \
Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-mepw AsX-\nv \nWbnn-p-X-cn-Ibpw ]no-
S-Xn Xr]vXn \evIp-Ibpw sNt-Wta.'' CXnp tijw Ah-c-
h-cpsS DnjvSImcyw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-pI.
70 \a-kvImcw 71
anv \a-kvImcw
ac- W - s BfpsS ]c- t emI KpWn- \ mbn Pohn- n- c n- p-
h an- v apn shv Amlphnt\mSv {]mYn- p
IaamWv anp \a- k v I mcw. CXn dqIqHm kpPqtZm C.
anv Ipfn-nv I^ sNbvX-Xn\v tijw an-n-t\mSv Ghpw
ASp _p Cam- a mbn \nev p- I bpw (\nmI- g n- b m- -
hv Ccpp \n-lnmw) _m-n-bp--h ]nn AWn \nc-
p-\nv \a-kvI-cn-pIbpw sNpI.
kv { XoIfp- s S- X m- s W- n an- ns a[y- ` m- K - mbpw
]pcp-jam-cp-sS-Xm-sW-n Xe-`m-K-pamWv Camw \nt-Xv.
Hn-e-[nIw an-p-Ifps-n Fm-n\pw IqSn Hcp \a-kvImcw
aXn-bm-Ip--XmWv.
Cu an- ns KpW- n- mbn \a- k v I - c n- p- p- s h
\n- t msS XIv _ osNmn ssIsI- pI. tijw ^mnl
HmXpI. cm-aXpw ssI Agnv XIv_o sNmn hopw sIn \-
_n(-k)-bpsS t]cn-ep kzemv sNmpI. (kz-em-ns ]q
cq]w A-ln-m-n sImSp-n-p-v)- aq-m-as XIv_o-dn\p
tijw an-n\p thn {]mYn-pI. AXn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv.
""Amlp CKv ^ nelp hlwlp hB- ^ nlo hAv ^ p
Alp hAIv d nw \pkpelp hh- n- A v aZ- v J - e lq h- K v k n-
lq_n amC hPn h_Zn h\-JvJnlo an\ JXzm-bm
Iam bp\-Jvu-_p A_vbfp an\--\n hA-_vZnlp Zmd
ssJd an Zmdnln hlv-e ssJd an Alvenlo hku-P
ssJdanku-Pnln hA-ZvJnlq- P-X hJnln ^nXv\X
-Iz_vcn hAZm _nm-.
Am- l pth, Cu an- n\p s]mdpp sImSp- p- I bpw
\a-kvImcw
At-l-tmSv Icp-W-Im-Wn-p-Ibpw At-ln\v amp \Ip-
Ibpw sNt-Wta, At-lns BXn-Yys BZ-c-np-Ibpw
At-l-ns {]th-i-\-amKw hnim-e-am-p-Ibpw sNt-Wta.
shw, av , Ben- gw Fnh sImv At- l s Igp- I p-
Ibpw ip{` hkv { Xw Agp- n\nv ipn- b m- pXv t]mse
At- l s ip- a m- p- I bpw sNt- W ta. At- l n\v Xs
hoSn- t \- m- f p- - a - a mb `h- \ hpw IpSp- _ - t mfp- a - a mb
IpSpw- _ - s bpw CW- t b- m D- a - a mb CW- t bbpw \o
\tI-Wta. kzK-n {]th-in-n-p-Ibpw Iz_-dnse ]co--
W- - f n\npw \cI in- b n \npw At- l s Imv
cn-p-Ibpw sNt-Wta.
ap Nne {]mY-\-Ifpw dntmv sN-s-n-pv. AXn
{][m\ambh C{]-Im-c-amWv:
Am- l p CKv ^ nenl- n\m ha- n- n\m him- l n- Z n\m
hKm-C-_n\m hkz-Ko-dn\m hI-_o-dn\m hZ-I-dn\m hDkm\m.
Am-lp a AlvbbvXlq-an\m ^A-lvbnln Ae Ckvemw
ha Xh-ss^-X-lp-anm ^X-h-^v^vlp Ae Cuam Am-
lp emXplvdnw\m APvdlp hem-X-^vXnm _Av-Zlq
""Am- l pth R- f nse Pohn- n- c np- - h pw acn- -
hpw lmP-dp--hpw lmP-dn-m--hpw sNdn-b-hpw
hen- b - h pw ]pcp- j \pw kv { Xopw \o s]mdpp sImSp- t -
Wta. Am- l pth, R- f n Bscms Pohn- n- c n- p- pthm
Ahscsbmw Ckv e m- a n Xs Pohn- n- t - W sa. R- f n
acWw ]qIp-hsc hnizm-ktmsS acn-n-t-Wta. Am-lpth
Cu ({]-h-\-ns) {]-Xn-^ew Rv XS-b-cptX. CXnp
tijw Rsf \o ]co-n--cp-tX. (-ap-kvenw)
\mem-as XIv_o-dn\p tijw.
""Am-lp emXp-ldnw\m APvdlp hem-X-^vXnm _A-
Zlp hKv^n e\m he-lq.
72 \a-kvImcw 73
""Am- l pth CXns {]Xn- ^ ew Rv XS- b - c ptX.
tijw Rsf ITn\ ]co- - W - v hnt[b- a m- - c ptX.
Rpw Cbmpw s]mdpp Xtc- W ta'', Fp ]d- b pI.
CXn\v tijw kemw hopI. "A-em-ap-A-ssepw hd-lva-p-
mln' Fp ]dv sImv he-Xp-`m-Ktv apJw Xncnv Cu
\a-kvIm-c-n \np hnc-an-pI.
EW _m[n- X p Abm- f psS ISw Bsc- nepw Gs- S p- p-
thmfw \_n (k) \a-kvI-cn-n-n. Fm ap--h-tcmSv \a-kvI-
cnp sImm \nt-in-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. (A-lva-Zv,- Xpap-Zn)
B-lXy sNbvX-hv \_(-k)-\-a-kvI-cn-n-n (ap-kvenw).
bp-n ilo-Zm-b-hv \a-kvI-cn-t--Xn FXv {]kn-
-am-Wtm.
{]Xn- I mc \S- ] - S n- b n sIm- s - - h v \_n(- k )- \- a - k v I -
cnp (ap-kvenw). anp \a-kvImcw Fhn-sS-shpw \n-lnmw.
anv ]n-bn Ib-p-Xpw Ahn-sS-shv \a-kvI-cn-p-Xpw
A\p- h - Z n- n- pv (ap- k v e nw). - k v { Xo- I pw anv \a- k v I mcw
\n-ln-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
AZr-iy an-n\v thn \a-kvImcw
A_q-lpdbvd-bn \np--cn-pp: \minbpsS ac-W-hr-
mw Atlw Znhw-K-X-\mb (A-t)-Zn-hkw Xs \_n(-k)
P\-sf -A-dn-bnp. Fnv \_n (k) \a-kvn-m-s\m-cpn. P\-
sf AWn-\nn \mep XIv_o-dp-I-fp (a-n-v)-\-a-kvImcw
\n-lnp. (_p-Jm-cn, -ap-kvenw)
{]hm- N I injyam a- b n \nv A`- b mYn- I - f mbn
Fn-b-tm Ahv ]qW A`-bhpw hn klm-b-fpw
sNbv X p sImSpv Ckv e m- a ns\ Ipdnv a\- n- e m- n- b - t m
apkven-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvX FtXym-]y (l-_vi)-cm-Pm-hmbn-cpp
\min (t\-K-kv). \_n(-k)- A-t-ls In-n. FtXym-]y-
bn shp ac-W-a-S Ap Xs \_n(-k)- Znhykt-i-n-
eqsS hnh-c-a-dnp. At-l-n-mbn AhnsS Bcpw anv \a-
kvImcw \n-ln-n-n-m-bn-cpp. AXn-\m \_n(-k) P\sf
kwL-Sn-np AZy-iy-a-n-n\mbn \a-kvI-cn-p. Cu kw`-h-amWv
AZriy an-n\p adp\m-Sp-I-fn-ep-h \a-kvI-cn--Xn-\p GI
{]amWw.
\_n(- k ) \ncym- \ m- I p- Xn- \ n- S - b n \nc- h [n klm- _ n- I
\a-kvImcw 74 \a-kvImcw 75
apkvenw-I-fns--h ]e kw`-h--fnepw ]e-bn-S-p-shpw ]e cm{Xn- b n Iz_v - d - S w \S Hckm- c n- I p- n- b psS Iz_v -
ImcWfm ac- W - a - S - n- pv . Fm Ah- c n Bs- dntaepw \_n(-k)-C-{]-Imcw \a-kvI-cn-n-p-v. (-_p-Jm-cn)
nepw thn Ahn-Spp anv \a-kvIcn-nn-m-bn-cp-p. AXn- Cu {]am-W--fpsS ASn-m-\-n J_-d-Sw sN-s
\m Camw A_ql\o^, amenIv t]mse-bp-ff \nc-h[n ]WvUn- tijw B Iz_v d nta shv B hynv thn AhnsS
Xam \_n(-k) bpsS {]tXy-I-X-I-fns kw`-h-am-Wn-sX-- Fn tN- h v anv \akv I mcw \n- l n- m- h p- -
Xn-\m ap \mSp-I-fnsemw C{]-Imcw \a-kvI-cn-m hn[n-bn- XmsWv a\-n-emmw. CsX-tm-sgmw BIm-sa Ime-]-cn-[n-
sp ]d-bp-p. sbpdn-p ]WvUnX N-bn AsX-tmgpw BIm-sa \nK-
CsXmcp {]tXyI kw`-h-am-sW--Xn\p ap sXfn-hp-I-fn-m- a-\-amWv icn-sbp tXmpp. (kp_vep--emw)
-Xn-\m Hcp s]mXp \nb-a-sa \nev en-m-- GXp
an- nmbpw \a- k v I - c n- hntcm- [ - a n- s p im^nCubpw
AlvaZn(-d)s GXm\pw injyamcpw ]d-bp-p.
Cu cp hmZ- K - X n- I fpw kqv a ]cn- t im- [ - \ \S- nb
]Wv U n- X am, Bcpw an- v \a- k v I mcw \n- l n- n- n- m
an-n\v thn \a-kvI-cn-m-sapw Bsc-nepw \n-ln-n-p-
s- n Bh- i y- a n- s pw {]kv X m- h n- n- c n- pp (Camw
Alv a Zp_v \ p lw_, ssi- J p Ckv e mw C_v \ p- s sX- a nb, C-
_v \ p Jnw apX- e m- b - h ). {]kn- - c mb alm- m- v
thnbmsW-n \a-kvI-cn-m-sav Camw Alva-Zn \np
asmcp dntmnepw ImWpp.
Npcp--n e-p-\n-v lmP-dn-m an-n\v thn
Hc-\p-h-Z-\ob Imcyw F \ne-bn \a-kvI-cn-p--Xn hntcm-
[-an-. (-Dw-Zp AlvImw)

Iz_v-dnta \a-kvImcw
aZo\m akvPnZv ASn-p-hm-cn-bn-cp (D-p-an-lv-P) -Hcp km[p
kv{Xo \_n(-k) bm{X-t]mb Ah-k-c-n ac-W-a-Sp. \_n(-
k)-Xn-cn-sn B kv{Xosb- klm-_n-I-tfmSv A-t\z-jnp. ac-W-
a-S-tm F-h adp-]Sn \In. {]hm-N-I tNmZnp. \n-
sfs _pnapn- p- I - b mtWm. Ah- c psS Iz_v F\nv
Imncq. (B-fp-I Cmcyw Kuc-h-nse-Sp-msX \_nsb
Adn-bn-m-Xn-cp-Xv icn-bm-bn Fp kmcw). Iz_v ImWnp
sImSp--tm \_n(-k) Iz_dnta \nv sImv anv \a-
kvImcw \n-lnp. (_p-Jmcn, ap-kvenw)
\_n(- k )- a - - b n- e m- b n- c p- - t m Hc- h - k - c - n _dm- A v -
_n\p aAv - a q(d)- F kzlm_n aZo\bn acWaSp. Hcp
amk-n\v tijw aZo-\-bn Xncn-s-nb \_n(-k)- hn-h-c-a-dn--
tm At-l-ns Iz_v-dnta shpw anp \a-kvImcw
\n-lnp.
\a-kvImcw
A \ p - _ w
{]mY-\I
\a-kvIm-c-nse hnhn[ Ne-\--fn A\n-hm-cy-amb {]mY-
\I am{Xsa \mw hnh-cn-n-p-p. \_n(-k) \a-kvIm-c - n ta
hnh-cnhp ]pdta IqSq-Xe- mbn ]e-tmgpw {]mYn-n-p-X
- n ap
NneXv IqSn Cu A\p-_- - n tNn-cn-pp. Bh-iy-ap-h -
Ah ]Tn-p-Ibpw kmcw a\-n-emn sNmp-Ibpw sNt--Xm-Wv.
XIv_o-d-p Clvdm-an\p tijw
Amlp AIv _ I_odm (3- X - h - W ) hlw- Z p- e n- mln
Ikodm (3 Xh- W ) hkp- _ v l m\m- l n- _ p- I v d - hA- k zoem
(aqp Xh-W) -A-Du-Zp-_n-m-ln-an\ ssiXzm-\n-an \^vJnln h\-
^vknln hlw-kn-ln.
Amlp AXyp--X. alm ......-k-kvXpXn KoX-fpw
Ahv .......... {]m`m-X-{]-tZm-j--fnsemw AhXs ]c-a-]-cn-
ip- ........-]n-im-Nns Zpa{W-n \npw Ahs sIWn-
bn \npw Ahs Ip- p I- f n\npw Am- l p- h n Rm
ic-WwtXSp-p. (apkvenw, A-lva-Zv-, A_qZmhqZv, C_v\p-am-P)
(h- - l v X p- h - P v l nb enZo ^- d - - a m- h mn h- A fz
l\o-^ ap-kven-a ham A\-an-\ apivcn-Io. C kzemo
h\p-kpIo ha-lvbmb ha-amo enmln dn Be-ao emi-
co-I-elp h_n-Zm-en Danp hA-\-an-\ apkven-ao
76 \a-kvImcw 77
"EPp- a m- \ - k \pw A\p- k - c W hnt[- b - \ p- a mbn BImi `qan-
Isf krjv S n- - h - \ n- t ev Rm\nXm Fs hZ- \ s Xncn- n- c n-
pp. Rm _lp- s sZh hnizm- k n- I - f ns- h - \ . \nbw
Fs \a-kvIm-chpw Fs hgn-]mSpw (F-n-t\-sd) Fs Pohn-
Xhpw ac-W-hp-samw temI ]cn-]m-e-I-\mb Am-lp-hn-m-Ipp.
Ah\p ]p- I m- c n- s - pXv FtmSv In- - s - n- c n- pp.
Rm apkvenw-I-fn s]-h-\m-Ip-p.
dpIq-C
Am- l p eI dIAv p h_nI Ba- Xp heI
AkvewXp Ji AeI kwDu h_-kzdo hap-JvJn-h-A-fao hA-
kz_o ha-kvX-J-Xv _nlo IzZ-a enmln dn Be-ao
"Am-lpth, \n\-p-thn Rm Ip\n-n-cn-p-p. Rm
\nn hniz- k n- p, \n\v Iosgm- X pn, Fs ImXpw Fs
Ipw Fs abpw Fs Fpw Fs \mUnbpw \n\v
`n-tbmsS Xmgva sNbvXn-cn-pp. Fs Ime-Sn-I Npa-n-cn-
p-Xv (Fs icocw) ap-gp-h temI-cn-Xm-hmb Am-lp-hn-
p--Xm-Wv)
CAv-Xn-Zm-en
kp_v_qlp JpZvZqkp dp aem-C-n hdqlv
"alm ]c-a-]-cn-ip--\mlp. ]cn-ip-m-m-hn-sbpw amem-J-
am-cp-sSbpw \mY' (apkvenw A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- \-km-Cu)
dqIq- C p tij- a p Cu \ndp- - n Xmsg ]d- b ph
IqSn {]mYnmw.
Alvep--\mC haPvZn AlIzp-am-Izm-e A_vZp hIp-p-
\m -eI A_vZp emam-\n-A-enam AAv-ssXzX hem apAvXznb enam-
a-\-Av-X-h-em-b^D ZPn anIPv.
\a-kvImcw
""kXp-Xnpw al-Xz-n\pw Al-\mbht\ ASn-bm ]d-
-Xn Gd-dhpw Al-am-bn-p-Xv R--sfmw \ns ASn--bm-
mcm-Ipp. \o \In-bXv apS-p--h-\n. \o apS-n-bXv \Ip-
-h-\n k-p--hv \ns ASp- B kv D]-Im-
c-s-Sp-I-bn.''
kpPq-Zp-I-fn
kpPq-Zn \nc-h[n {]mY-\-I {]hm-N-I \S-n-bn-cpp.
Ah-bn NneXv:
Am- l p eI kPp h_nI Bap he- I - A -
kvewp kP-Z-h-P-vlnb enZo Je-Izlp hkz--dlp ^A-lvk\
kzphdlp hiz kwAlp h_kzdlp ^X- _ m- d - I - mlp
Alvk-\ Jmen-Izo.
""Am- l pth Rm \n\v {]Wmaw sNbv X n- c n- pp.
\nn hniz- k n- n- c n- pp. Rm \n\v Iosgm- X p- n- b n- c n-
pp. Fs apJw AXns\ krjv S n- p- I bpw AXn\p cq]w
\Ip-Ibpw AXns tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw Iodn Dm-p-Ibpw
sNbvX-hp {]Wmaw sNbvXn-cn-pp. krjvSn Im--fn
D- a - \ mb Amlp A\p- { Kl ]q.''
Am-lp CKv^n eo Z_o Iplp ZnJvJlp hPp-lp
A-elp hB-Jn-dlp hA-em-\n--Xlp hkndlp
78 \a-kvImcw 79
Am- l pth, Fs ]m]- - sNdpXpw hepXpw BZy-
tXpw Ah- k m- \ - t Xpw cl- k yhpw ]c- k yhpw Fmw
s]mdpp Xtc-W-ta. (-ap-kvenw)
\a-kvImc tijw
emC-eml C-mlp hlvZlp emi-co-I-elq elp apIp
he- l plwZp hlph Aem Ipn ssiC IzZo. hem- l ue
hem- J p- Cm- _ n- mlv . emC- e ml Cmlv hem- \ - A - _ pZp
Cm Cmlp elp nAv-aXp he-lp ^fvep he-lp--\m-D
lk. emC-em-l-C--mlv apJn-en-ko\ elp-o heu Icn-l
Im^n-dq.
Amlp am{X-amsX Bcm-[y-t\bn. Ah- G-I-\m-Ipp.
Ah\p ]p- I m- c - \ n. Ah- mWv cmPXzw. Ah- mWv Fm
kvXpXnbpw. Ah Fm-n\pw Ign-hp--h-\m-Ipp. AXyp--
X\pw al- X z- t a- d n- b - h - \ p- a mb Am- l p- h ns\ sIm- msX
intbm amtam C. \mw Ah-s\-b-msX Bcm-[n-p-I-bn.
Ah- mWv A\p- { K- l hpw t{ijv T - X bpw. D- a - a mb {]Io-
\hpw Ah- \ p- - X mWv . Amlp AmsX Bcm- [ y- t \- b n. \mw
Ah\v \njvI-f--amb hWw An-p--h-cmIpp. Ahn-izm-
kn-I CXv \nc-kn-mepw icn.''
"Am- l p ACo Aem ZnIv d nI hip- I v d nI hlpkv \ n
C_m-ZXnI'
""Am- l pth \ns kZm Hmm\pw \n\v \n ImWn-
m\pw \ns \-\n-e-bn Bcm-[n-m\pw Fs klm-bn-t-
Wta.' Chbvv ]pdta kqd-p _J-d-bnse 255mw hN\w (B-
\a-kvImcw 80 \a-kvImcw 81
b-p Ipkn) \_n(-k) sNmm-dpv Fpw lZo-kp-I-fn-epv.
kp_v l v , aKv c n_v \a- k v I mcm\- - c - a m- s W- n aqp {]mhiyw
hoXw kqd CJv e mkpw apA- - Z - s sX- \ n- b pw (hn- i p- - I zp- B :
112,113,114 Aym-b- )A-hn-Spv HmXm-dpv. (XpapZn, \kmCu
A_q-Zm-hq-Zv) ap-\-a-kvIm-c-v tijw Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw.