Rogam Maranam Mayyith Samskaranam

tcmKw acWw anv kwkvI-cWw 3
tcmKw
acWw
anv kwkvI-cWw
(aq-mw ]Xn-v )
kn apl- Zv keow kpan

4 tcmKw acWw anv kwkvI-cWw
MALAYALAM
TITLE : ROGAM, MARANAM, MAYYITH SAMSKARANAM
AUTHOR : MOHAMMED SALEEM SULLAMI
COVER : SALIH & MUJEEB KOKKUR
FIRST EDITION : 1987
SECOND EDITION : APRIL 2006
THIRD EDITION : DEC 2009
DTP: MICROPRINT, CALICUT-2
PRINTING: KAIRALI OFFSET PRINTS, CLT-2
PRICE: RS. 35.00
YBH 07, C 2000
COPYRIGHT RESERVED WITH PUBLISHER
P.B NO: 524, R.M.ROAD, KOZHIKODE-2, PHONE: 0495 2701812

{]km-[I
-
- p-dnv
Ckv e m- a nI \nb- a - \ ntZ- i - - f n P\\
-a-c-W-nS-bn-ep Imcy--sfmw hy-
ambn hni- Z o- I - c n- - s - n- p- v . Fnepw \_n-
N- c yIfpw \qX\ {]h- W - X - I fpw thXn- c n- - d n-
bm Ign- b m hn[w A- h n- i zm- k - fpw
A\m-Nm-c-fpw CS-I-enpv ]e cwK-pw.
AXn {][m- \ - a mWv ac- W m- \ - c {]h- \ -
.
"tcmKw, acWw, av kwkv I - c Ww'
F Cu {K- n apkv e nw Ah- i yw Adn-
n-cn-t-Xpw sXn-m-c-W-I-f-I-m-\p-X-Ip-
-Xp-amb hnh-c- hnip Izp-B-\n-sbpw
lZo-Yn-sbpw ASn-m-\-n kqv a - a m- b n
{]Xn-]m-Zn-n-cn-p-p.
CXns aqmw ]Xnv bph-X, ktm- j-
]qhw kan- p- p.
tImgn-tmSv Ub-d-IvS
20-12-09 bphX
BapJw
tcmKw, ac- W w, ac- W m- \ - c Ia- Fnh
{]Xn-]m-Zn-p Hn-tesd IrXn-I ae-bm-f-nep-v.
Ah-bn ]eXpw kap-Zm-b-n \ne-\np A\m-
Nmc-pw amaq-ep-Ipw AwKo-Imcw \Ip--
htbm GsX- nepw aZv l - _ ns t]cn cNn- - s - -
htbm BWv . Fm Izp- B - \ n- s bpw kp- n-
sbpw B[m-c-n Cu hnj-b- {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-I-
bmWv Cu IrXn-sIm-p-t-in-p--Xv.
GsX- nepw {]tXyI aZv l - _ ns\ Ah- e w- _ n- s -
nte Ccw Iaim- k v { X hnj- b - a\- n- e m-
m Ign- b p- I - b q- p- s h- v , aZv l - _ ns\ Aambn
A\p-I-cn-p Nne {]N-cn-n-m-dp-v. CXv icn-b-
. \_n- N - c y- b n \np- X s Ccw Iaimkv { X-
hnj-b- a\-n-em-m Ign-bp-sa-v \mw a\-n-em-
t--Xm-Wv.
`nho- W - fp hnj- b - - f n {]am- W - -
fpsS shfn- - n IqSp- X {]_- e - s apw bp-
sapw tXmnb A`n-{]mb CXn tcJ-s-Sp-p-
I-bmWv sNbvXn-p--Xv.
]c-a m-h[n kqv a X ]pen-bmWv CXv cNn- -
sX-nepw \yq\-X-I a\pjykl-P-am-W-tm. Acw
Fs-nepw Is-p--h DW-W-sav At]-
n-p-p.
kn apl- Zv keow kpan
kn apl-Zv keow kpan

aepdw Pn- b nse samd- b q {Kma- n P\- \ w. ]nXmhv :
lssk-\m. amXmhv: JZo-P. Aco-tmSv Hmdn-b v sslkvIq,
kp-ap-emw Ad-_n-tIm-sfPv Fn-hn-S--fn \nv ]T\w
]qn-bm-n. ta-bq ke-^n Ad-_nIv tImtf-Pv, hq
akv P n- Z p apPm- l n- Z o, kpDu- Z n Atd- _ y- b nse Dss\k
Ckvem-anIv sk Fn-hn-S--fn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-p.
Ctm FS-c ssKUkv Ad-_nIv tImsf-Pn A[ym-]-
I-\mbn tPmen-sN-p-p.
]n-X, Fgp-p-Im-c, {]mkw-Kn-I Fo \ne-I-fn
{]i-kvX. FS-c AlpZ Ckvem-anIv sk P\.-sk-{I-
-dn, sI sP bp Akn- v sk{I--dn Fo ]Z-hn-I hln-
p- p. B\p- I m- e n- I - - f n nc- a mbn Fgp- X n- h - c p- p.
hyXykv X hnj- b - - f n- e mbn ]Xn- a q- t mfw ]pkv X - I
{]kn-o-I-cn-np-v.
_n sI ssaaq-\-bmWv `mcy, Ap a.
hnemkw:
ssKUkv tImsfPv
FS-c
ae-p-dw Pn
t^m: 04931277264
D-Sw
PohnX eyw ..................................................................... 9
tcmKhpw NnIn-bpw ....................................................... 12
a{- A\p-h-Zn--s-Xpw hne--s-Xpw ................. 15
acWw Bk--am-bm ...................................................... 18
hkzn-pw IS-_m-[y-Xbpw .............................................20
tcmKn-bpsS \a-kvIm-chpw ]m-m-]hpw ....................... 23
tcmKnsb kin .................................................... 25
acWw ............................................................................... 28
ac-Wm-\-cw sNt-Xv ................................................... 29
Izp-B ]mcm-bWw ........................................................ 31
ZpxJ {]I-S\w ................................................................... 33
kv{XoI-fpsS ZpxJm-N-cWw ................................................ 35
acWw Adn-bn-epw ad-hp-sN-epw .................................. 38
anv Ipfn-n- ..........................................................40
I^ sN ................................................................... 44
P\mk sImp-t]m-I .................................................... 47
anv \a-kvImcw ............................................................ 51
Pam-A-ns {]m[m\yw .................................................... 56
anv adhpsN.......................................................... 62
Iz_v knbm-dv .............................................................. 69
Iz_v sIn-sm- ....................................................... 73
PohnX eyw
\psS BcpsSbpw A\p-a-Xn-bn-msX Hcp-\m \mw Cu `qan-
bn ]ndphoWp. AXpt]mse BtcmSpw A\p-aXn tNmZn-msX
Hcp-\m \s Xncnphnfn-sSp-Ibpw sNpw. hnfn- tIm-
Xn-cn-m \nhr-n-bn. Cu cp L-n-\p-anSp-f-f-XmWv Cl-
tem-Is Po-hn-Xw.
ac-W-n-\-p-d-hp-apXmWv ]c-tem-Iw. tIhew ]n-m-
ntem NpS-e-bntem skan-t-cn-bntem Ah-km-\n-p AY-iq-
\y- a mb H a\p- j y- P o- h n- X w. XnIpw Dt- i ]qWhpw ey-
]qhhp- a m- W Xv . eyw ]c- t em- I - t amw Xs. A\- - a mbn
\ne- \ np ]c- t emI Pohn- X - n kzK- t emIw ]pIm- \ m-
hpI AXmWv Pohn- X - e - yhpw PohnXhnP- b - h pw.
Bsc-nepw \c-I-n \nv AI--sv kzK-n {]th-
in-n--s-m Xo-bmbpw Ah hnP-bnp. (AepCwdm)
CXn Ipd Hcp eyhpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-n\v Iev]n-m-
h- X - . ImcWw CXn Ipd Fpw tIhew Wn- I - a m- b n- c n-
pw. Fm ]c- t em- I tam A\w! A\- i zcw! Ah- k m- \ n-
m B temI-tv Xzcn-X-K-a\w \S-nsm-n-cn--bmWv
kIe a\p-jy-cpw. ""a\p-jy-m, \o \ns cn-Xm-h-n-s khn-[-n-
tev AXy-[nIw {]bm-k-sv \on-smncn-bm-Wv. Ahs\
\o Ip- a p- pI Xs sNpw.
As\ Hcp\m Fm-hcpw AhnsS FpI Xs sNpw.
AhnsS hnNm- c W \S- pw. cbpw in- b p- a p- v . kzKhpw
\c-I-hp-ap-v. kzKw t\Sm Ign-m PohnXw k^-e-am-bn.
Ghpwhenb hnPbw Ic- - a m- b n. adn- m- s W- n Ghpw
\jvShpw ]cm-P-b-hpw.
B temI- t p thn- b mWv a\p- j y Cl- t em- I v
bYmY-n kr-jvSn--s--Xv. ChnsS AXn\v Ah Xm-dm-
h-Ww.
1 0 tcmKw acWw anv kwkvI-cWw
Cu Zpbmhv ]c-tem-I-t-p Irjn-bn-S-am-Wv. ChnsS \

hnv hnX-m AhnsS kzKw sImmw. ]pgp-p-p hntm
]Xn-tcm B-sW-n êw \c-Iambn-cn-pw. hb-en-te-n-d-n-bn-
cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ChnsS Dgp-Xp-a-dn-m\pw \p-]n-Sn-n-m\pw hfw
tNm\pw If-]-dn-m-\p-ap Ah-k-c-ta-bp-q. sImbvv \S-
p-Xv ]c-tem-Ip shm-Wv. hnns ta sImbvv \S-p-
tm am{Xta ]cn- ] qW- a mbn Adn- b p- I - b p- q. cp- c q- ] - n
Irjn- b n- d - m \apv kuIcyw \In- b n- p- q. Cjv S - a p- Xv
sXc- s - S p- m- \ p kzmX- { yapv Xm\pw. Fnv Ah
Hcp\m \s Xncnp hnfn-pw, hnf ImWn-m thn.
""B[n-]Xyw BcpsS ssIbnemtWm Ah F{Xtbm A\p-
{K- l - ] qW- \ m- W v . Ah Fm Imcy- n\pw Ign- h p- - h - \ m- W v .
\n-fn BcmWv Ia-n D-a-scv ]co-n-m thn ac-
W-sbpw Pohn-X-sbpw krjvSn--h. Ah {]Xm-]-im-enbpw
amv \Ip- - h - \ p- a m- W v . ''
CXmWv a\p- j y- P o- h n- X w. ChnsS euInI kpJ- - f psS
]nmse t]mbn A\- i z- c - t emIw \jv S - s - S p- p- - h - \ mWv
hnUvVn. Zpbm-hn\v AXn-t-Xmb {]m[m\yw am{Xw Iev]n-p-
I. AXn-e-p-d-am-bn-q-Sm. ChnsS kw`-hn-p ]niIv Zqc-hym-
]- I - a m- W v . AXpsImv Xs XnIpw ]S- - h \v hnt[- b - \ mbn
Pohn-p-I. Ahs Iev]-\-I inc-km-h-ln-m Xm-dm-hpI.
AXn-{Iaw {]hn-p-Ibpw Cl-temI Pohn-X-n\v apK-
W\ Iev]n-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h\v Xo-bmbpw \c-I-as{X kt-
Xw. Xs \mYs m\s `b- s - S p- I bpw tZtl- O sb
ssIsbm-gn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h\v kzK-as{X kt-Xw.
a\p- j y- P o- h nXw kzKo- b m- \ p- ` q- X n- I pw \c- I - b m- X - \ -
Ipw hnt[- b - a m- I p \nWm- b - I - a mb Hcp Imcy- a m- b n- mWv
ChnsS ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p--Xv.
ac-W-Nn
Bcpw ac-W-ns ]nSn--n \nv ap-c-. Ftmgpw
acWw ]pIp- s a t_m[w Hcp hnizm- k nsb kZm Nqgv p-
\nt Nn-bm-Wv.
\_n(kz) C_v\pDa-dns\ hnfnv D]-tZ-in-p: \o Zpbm-
hn Hcp hntZ-in-sb-tm-se-bm-bn-cn--Ww. As-n hgn-ap-dn-p-
I-S-p- Hcp-h-s\-sm-se. (_p-Jm-cn)
AsX, Cu an imiz-X-ambn hkn-m-sa `mh-anmsX,
tcmKw acWw anv kwkvI-cWw 1 1
Fpw \op \ng-emWv Zpbmhv F t_m[-n. AXmWv

\_n (kz) Hcn- ]d--Xv, Rm\pw Cu Zpbm-hp-ambnsp
_w? ac--W-en hn{ian-p-Ibpw ]ns AhnSw hnp-t]m-Ip-
Ibpw sNp Hcp ]Yn-I am{Xw. (Xnan-Zn)
PohnXhn`-h- hmcn-q-m-\p AS-m Bthiw ]e-
tmgpw Cu t_m[w a\p-jy-cn \nv \on--f-bm-dp-v. Cu Xzc
\nb-{n-mam{Xw i-amb ssZht_m[-amWv \app th-Xv.
Pohn-Xs ISn-m-Wnv \nb-{n-m Ign-bp cqV-aq-e-amb
hnizm- k w. Izp- B ]d- b p- p: ""kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I tf, \n- f psS
kpw \n-fpsS afpw ssZh-kva-c-W-bn \nv \nfpsS
{i Xncn- p- I - f - b m- X n- c n- - s . Bsc- nepw As\ sNbv X m
Ah Xs-bmWv \jvS-m.'' (ap-\m-^n-Izq)
A_q-_-I(-d) tcmKn-bmbn InS-p-tm Cs\ ]mSm-dp-m-
bn-cp-p: ""Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw Xs hop-Imn-S-bn kpJ-ambn
hkn- p- p. acW- a m- I s Ahs sNcp- ns hmdn- s \- m
F{Xtbm ASp-mWp-Xm\pw.'' (_p-Jm-cn)
FhnsS shmWv acn-p-I-sbv Bp-a-dn-bn-. A{X s]s-
m-WXv kw`-hn-p--Xv. FhnsS shpw acWw IS-p-h-cmw. \-
f-dn-bm-sX, \fm{K-ln-m-sX, \psS kuI-cy-w ]cn-K-Wn-m-sX.
Am-lp-hns Aew-L-\o-b-amb \nb-a-am-W-Xv. AXns ]nSn-bn
\nv Bpw tamN-\-an-. B Lw hs-p-tm am{X-amWv
]e-tmgpw a\p-jy\v t_m[-ap-Zn-p--Xv. AXn\p apmbn Acw
Hcp Ls kw_-n Nn Ahs a\-n thcp-d-m AXv
Pohn-Xs ISn-m-Wnv \nb-{n-pw. Izp-B ]d-bp-p:
""\n- f n Hmtcm- c p- pw acWw hs- p- - X n\v apv
\nv \mw \In- b - X n \nv sNe- h - g n- p- I bpw sNp- I .
At- c v Ah C{]- I mcw ]d- t - pw: Fs cn- X m- t h,
ASp Hc-h[n hsc \o F\nv \on--cm--sX-mWv? Fn
Rm Zm\w \Ip- I bpw k- \ - - f psS Iq- n- e m- h p- I bpw
sNp-ambn-cpp.'' Ah-[n-sb-n--gn-m Amlp Hcmpw
\on- s m- S p- p- I tb C. \n {]hn- p- - X n- s \- n
kqva-ambn Adn-bp--h-\mWv Am-lp .
ac-W-sh-{]m-f-ns]v Dg-ep-tm Cm-cy- Hm-Xp-
sIm-v bm-sXmcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an-. ]noSv Hcn-qSn `qan-bn-
tev aS-p {]iv\-hp-an-. AXp-sImv Hpw kabw If-bmsX
ac-W-n\p tij-ap Pohn-X-n-tev Hcp-pI!
tcmKhpw NnIn-bpw
hne-s PohnXw kzbw A]-I-S-s-Sp-m a\p-jy\v Ah-
Im-i-an-. A]-I-S--fn-tev FSpv NmSp-Itbm hp `hn A]-
I- S - - f n \nv Hgn- b m {ian- msX \np- I tbm sNp
kz`mhwhnizm-kn-Ip-m-bn-q-Sm-. hne-s Poh\v lm\n kw`-
hn- p Imcy- t]mepw Ah kqn- t - - X p- v . AXp
sImv Xs tcmKw hp-`-hn-m-Xn-cn-m\pw hp-s] tcmKw
NnIn- np kpJ- s - S p- m\pw Ah {ian- t - - X m- W v . Ime-
ssZLyw hcp-msX A\p-tbm-Py-amb NnIn-m-ap-d-I kzoI-
cn--W-sa-mWv Ckvem-ans \ntZiw. R tcmKw hm
NnIn- n- t - - X ptm Fv tNmZn- - t m \_n(- k z) ]d- p:
\n NnIn- npI! ImcWw Amlp Hcp tcmKhpw AXn\v
acpv \n- b n- m- s X Dm- nbn- n- . hm[- I y- s a Htc Hcp
tcmK-sam-gn-sI. (A-lvaZv)
tcmKw _m[n-m XnIpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn NnIn-nv t`Z-
am-m {ian-t-Xm-Wv. Imc-Ww, GXv tcmK-am-bmepw AXn\v
A\p-tbm-Py-amb NnIn e`n-m AXv kpJ-s-Sp-sa-mWv {]hm-
N-I ]Tnn-n-p--Xv.
Fm tcmK-n\pw acp-p-v. tcmK-n-\p acpv e`n-m
Am-lp-hns A\p-a-XntbmsS AXv kpJ-s-Spw. (ap-kvenw)
Fm Nne- t m sshZys sshZ- K v [ y- p- d - h p- s Imtm
atm bYmY tcmKw Ip- ] n- S n- p- - X n- t \m, X- X mb NnIn
\nW-bn-p--Xnt\m km[n-n-sphcmw. Fp-X-s-bm-bmepw
tcmK-n\v Huj[w Amlp \n-bn-n-p-spw AXv e`n-m
Ahs A\p-{K-l-tm-Sp-IqSn tcmKw kpJ-s-Sp-sa-p-amWv \mw
a\-n-em-t--Xv.
Fm Fm cwK--fnepw A-hn-izm-k- a\p-jy-a-\-
n kzm[o-\n-Xp t]mse, NnInm cwKpw CXns kzm[o\w
ImWmw. a\pjy Pohn-X-s apqSpw A-hn-izm-k--fn \nv

ap- a m- nb aX- a mWv Ckv e mw. ]s AXns A\p- b m- b n- I
Xs Cv Ccw A-hn-izm-k--fpsS hm--fm-sW--XmWv
hkv X p- X . bYmY- a Xw Fpw imkv { Xo- b - a m- W v . ]ptcm- l n- X - a - X -
amWv Fpw A-hn-izm-k-pw A\m-Nm-c-pw hgn-sh-
p-Ibpw t{]mm-ln-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p--Xv.
\njn- - h- k v X p- sImp NnIn
\njn hkvXp- D]-tbm-Kn-p-sIm-pff NnIn-- l-dm-am-
sW- mWv `qcn- ] w ]Un- X amcpw A`n- { ]m- b - s - n- p- - X v .
NnIn- mYw aZyw D]- t bm- K n- p- - X ns\ kw_nv \_n-
tbmSv(kz) tNmZn--tm Ahn-Sv ]d-p: ""AXv acp--, adnv
tcmK-amWv asm-cn- \_n(-kz) ]d-p. ldm-am-nb hkvXp-
-fn \nv tcmK-i-a\w \n-bn-n-n-.'' (_p-Jm-cn)
Npcp--n, \njn-- h-kvXp- sImp NnIn A\p-
h-Z-\o-b-a-. ]s, B[p-\n-I-cmb Nne ]WvUn-Xm CX-\p-h-Z-
\o-b-ambn ImWp-p-v. \n_-nX kml-N-cy--fn Ckvem-an\v
{]tXy-I-amb ho-W-am-Wtm D--Xv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xs òj-
Wn-s-Sp-p Hcp tcmK-n\v aZytam atm {]Xn-hn-[n-bmbn \n-
bn--s-m asmpw ]I-c-an-s-n AXp-]-tbm-Kn-m-sa-mWv
Ah- c psS ]w.
tcmK-i-a-\-n\v CXn-ep-]cn ap- Nne amK-fpw Nne Ah-
ew-_n-m-dp-v. a{w, Ddp-v, tlmaw, knlvdv, Ge-v, ]nm-W-
sa-gpv apX-em-b-h-bm-W-h. Ch-sbmw XnIpw hntcm-[n--s--
Xm-Wv. Ckvem-an-Im-[ym-]-\-v hncp--hp-am-Wv. inp-]-c-
amb hnizm-k--fpsS `mK-hp-am-W-Xv. Fm tcmK-i-a-\-n-\p-
thn Am-lp-hn-t\mSv am{Xw \S-p {]mY\m a{-fpv
Ah A\p-h-Z-\o-bhpw A`n-e-j-Wo-b-hp-am-Wv.
a{-
A\p-hZ- n-s- -Xpw hne-s- -Xpw
kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I Fm- h n[ A- h n- i zm- k - - f n \npw
ap-cm-b-h-cm-Wv. ASn-bp-d GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. AXn-s\-
Xn- c mb Hpw Xs Ah- c psS hnizm- k - - B - N m- c - - I a- - f n-
Dmbnq-Sm-. tcmK-Nn-In--bpsS Imcyhpw CXn \npw `n-
a-. Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-n-n-m a{-fpw X{-fpw CXn\p
thn D]-tbm-Kn-m-hX-. Ge-p-sI-, cp{Zmw XpS-n-b-h-
sbmpw Cmw A\p-h-Zn-p-n-.
tcmKw hm Fp sN- W - s a- - X ns\ kw_- nv
\_n(kz) ]dXv \mw IpIgn- p; NnIn- n- pI Xs.
GXv tcmK- n\pw ùXn- I - a mb ]e- Im- c - W - - f p- a p- m- I m- d p- v .
tcmK-ns Acw Imc-W- a\-n-em-n-b-h ùXnI cq]-
n-ep NnIn--I \ntZ-in-p-p. AtXm-sSmw Am-lp-
hns klm- b - h p- a p- m- I - W w. AXn- \ p- t hn \mw Ah- t \mSv
{]mYn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AYhm {]mYn--Ww. CXmWv NnIn-
m-cw-Kv Ckvem-ans ho-Ww. \_nbpw(-kz) kzlm-_n-amcpw
tcmKm-h-kv-bn ]e-hn-[-n-ep NnIn-m-ap-d-I Ah-ew-_n-
-Xmbn ImWmw. tIhew {]mY-\bpw Xh-p-ep-ambn Ign-bp-I-
bm-bn-cp-n Ah.
tcmK-Nn-In--sm--ap {]mY-\, a{-sa t]cnepw Adn-
b-s-Sp-p. \_n-bn\nv(-kz) dntmv sNbvXn-p a{-
]cn-tim-[n-m Fmw Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp {]mY-\-I-fm-sWv
a\-n-em-mw. \_n(-kz) acn-m-\n-S-bmb tcmK-n Ahn-Sv
CJv e mkzv , êIzv , \mkv Fo kqd- p- I - HmXn tZl- n
DuXn- b n- c p- p- s h- pw tcmKw in- b m- b - t m Xm Ah HmXn
Xncp-\_n-bpsS ssIbn DuXn B ssIsImv XS-hm-dp-m-bn-cp-
p-shpw BCi(-d) {]kvXm-hn--Xmbn _pJm-cn-bnepw apkven-an-

ep- a p- v . tcmKn- I {]kv X pX kqd- p- I HmXn a{n- m- s av
CXn \npw hy-am-Wv.
{]mY- \ - b m- I p a{w \psS Ign- h n- - p- d - a p Imcyw
Am- l p- h n- e npIbpw ia- \ - n- \ mbn Ah- t \mSv {]mYn- p-
Ibpw sNp- I - s b AY- nem- W v . Hu^p_v \ p amen- I v ( d)
{]kvXm-hn-p-p. R Pmln-enm Ime-L--n a{w \S-
m-dp-m-bn-cp-p. R AXn-s\-n \_ntbmSv(-kz)- tNmZn-p.
Atm Atlw "\n- f psS a{w F\n- s mv ImWnpXcq,
a{-n insm-p-an-s-n AXnv hntcm-[-an-.' Fp ]d-
bp-I-bp-mbn (ap-kvenw). CXmWv Cpw A\p-h-Zn a{-ns
cq]w.
]s, {]hm- N - I t\m kzlm- _ n- I tfm a{w Hcp hcp- a m\
amK-am-tbm, GXv tcmK-n\pw a{w am{Xw aXn-sbv ]d-bp-I-
tbm, ImWn-p-X-cn-Itbm sNbvXn-n-. NnIn-n-m-\mWv {]hm-N-
Is \ntZi-sav \mw Ip-h-tm. Cv kaql-n \S-p-
Xv t]mse-bp Xn-p-I-sfmpw a{-ns t]cn Av \S-
n-cp-n-.
Zp-a-{-n\v ]pdsa Ckvemw Xosc A\p-h-Zn-m Hcp-Xcw
Ddppw Gepw Cv \S-p-v. lZokv {K- ]cn-tim-[np
t\mn-bm CXv hne-n-b-Xmbn hy-am-hpw. \_n (kz) ]d-bp-
p.
hh\pw Ddpv sIn-bm Amlp Ahs Dtiyw ]qW-
am- m- X n- c n- - s . h- h \pw cm- I - h Nw sIn- b m Amlp
Ah\v c \Im-Xn-cn--s. (A-lva-Zv, lmInw)
DIzv_Xp_v\p Ban(-d) ]d-bp-p: \_nbpsS(-kz)- ASp-
]v t]cp Hcp hml- \ - k wLw hp. AXn H]- X m- f p- I -
tfmSpw \_n(-kz) DS-Sn sNbvXp. Hcm-tfmSv DS-Sn sNbvXn-. AXn-
s\- p- d nv Ah tNmZn- - t m Ahs In Ddp- p- s v
\_n(kz) ]d-p. DSs\ Fnv Cs\ ]d-p: ""Bsc-nepw
Ddpv sIn- b m \nbw Ah inv sNbv X p.'' (A- - Z v ,
lmInw) DSs\ Atlw Ddpv s]mnv If-p.
{]hm-N-I F{X Kuc-h-am-bn-mWv AXns\ I-sXv Cu
kw`-h-n \np hy-am-Wv. tcmKw amdm-t\m, Itdv XSp-m-
t\m, D]-{Zhw XSp-m-t\m-, KpWw e`n-mt\m Ddp-p-sImv km[n-
p- s av hniz- k n- m Ah inv (A- m- l p- h n ]p-
tN) sNbv X p- s h- mWv \_(- k z) ]d- - X v . ImcWw Cu
Imcy- - s fmw Am- l p- h ns A[n- I m- c - ] - c n- [ n- b n s]- X m- W v .

C_vdmlow \_nbpsS(A)hmp-I D-cn-p-n-Sv Izp-B
]d- b p- p: ""F\nv tcmKw ]nSn- s ]- m Ah(A- m- l p) BWv
Fs kpJ-s-Sp-p--Xv. Fv C_vdmlnw(A) ]d-bp-p. AXm-
b-Xv, ùXn-I-amb NnIn---p-d-ap Xs {]mY\ Am-lp-hn-
te-mWv An-t--Xv. AXv Am-lp-h-msX Bcn-em-bmepw
Ah-\n ]p-tN-em-sW--Xn kwi-b-an-.''
C_v \ p A_o- l m- X nw, lpss^- Z bn\nv ( - d )- D- c n- p- p.
Atlw ]\n _m[n-p-In-S Hcmsf kin--tm Abm-fpsS
ssIbn Hcp \q sI-n-bXv ImWp-I-bp-m-bn. DSs\ At-l-
aXv s]mn- p- I - f - p. Fnv Cs\ ]d- p: ""A[n- I - t ]cpw
Am-lp-hn ]p-tNp sIm-msX hniz-kn-p-n-.'' (bq-
kp^v: 106)
C_v\p-a-kv-Du-Zv(-d) At-l-ns `mcy-bpsS ASp- sN-
tm Ah- c psS Igp- n c- p- t hn sInb Hcp \q(- D -
dpv) Ip. DSs\ At-l-aXv henp s]mn-p. Fnv C-s\
-]d-p. Amlp bmsXmcp sXfnhpw Ah-X-cn-n-n-n-m--Xns\
Ah-t\mSv ]p-tNt-p Bhiyw, A_vZp--bpsS IpSpw-_-
n-\n-. ]ns dkq(-kz) ]d--Xmbn C-s\- ]-d-p: ""a{-
fpw Ddppw Xnh-epw inm-Ip-p. Atm R tNmZn-
p: a{- fpw Ddppw R- d n- b mw. Xnh- e v FmWv ?
Ahn-Sv ]d-p, `m-am-cpsS t{]aw km-Zn-m thn
kv { XoI- f p- m- p Hcp- X cw Ddp- m- W - X v . '' (C- _ v \ p- l n- m,
lmInw)
asmcp dntmn, tcmKw t`Z-am-hp--Xn\p thn \_n(kz)
{]mn--Xp-t]mse C{]Imcw {]mYn-m aXn-sbp IqSn D]-
tZ-in-p: P\--fpsS \mYm! hnjaw \on--tc-W-ta. kpJ-s-Sp-
p- I bpw sNt- W - t a, kpJ- s - S p- p- - h \obm- W v . \o
\Ip kpJ-a-msX kpJ-an-. bmsXmcp tcmKhpw Ah-ti-jn-
m kpJw. (-A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv)
_e-lo-\-\m-hm-Xn-cn-m thn ssIX--bn XInSv sIn-
bn-cp Hcm-tfmSv \_n (kz) ]d-bp-I-bp-m-bn: ""\o CXv Agn-s-
dn-bp-I. CXv \n\v _e-lo-\-X-b-msX Hpw h[n-n-p-I-bn-
. AXp-ambn \o ac-W-a-S-bp ]w \o Hcn-epw hnPbnpI-
bpan
.'' (A-lva-Zv)
Npcp--n Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-Xpw hntcm-[n--Xp-amb a{-
-fpsS cq]w CXn \np hy-am-Wv.

tPymys\ kao- ] n-
ap- ]e A\m-Nm-c-fpw Xn-p-Ifpw NnIn--sb t]cn
\S-m-dp-v. Ch-sbmw Xs \_n(-kz) hntcm-[n--h-bn s]-
Xm- W v . tcmKw hm tPymys\ kao- ] n- p- I bpw
{]iv\wshnv t\mp-Ibpw sNp GmSv \_n(-kz) hntcm-
[n- - X mWv . \_n(kz) ]d- b p- p: ""Bsc- nepw {]iv \ - m- c s\
kao]nv Ah ]d- b p- Xv hniz- k n- m, Ahs \mev ] Xv
Znhks \a-kvImcw kzoI-cn--s-Sp-I-bn-.'' (ap-kvenw)
F{X-am{Xw Kuc-h-ap Imcy--fm-Wn-sX-mw. \psS kap-
Zmbw hfsc emL-h-_p-n-tbm-sS-bmWv Ch-sbmw ImWp--Xv.
kpJ-{]-k-h-n\p thn ]nm-W-sa-gpXn IpSn-p NnIn-m-
ap-dbpw \ne-hn-ep-v. P\--fpsS AX NqjWwsNp Cu
HmpIm Fs-m-amWv Cu kap-Zm-bssImv sNn-p-Xv.
kpJ- { ]- k - h - n\p thn ame- I ]mSp k{- Z m- b hpw
NnebnS-fn-semw Cpw \ne-\np-Xv tJZ-I-c-am-Wv. CXp-
t]mse Xs, t{]X-_m-[-b-I-m-\pw, amdm-hym-[n-I amm\pw Cu
]WvUnXm Ckvans ]Wn-sb t]cn sNp-Xv \_n(-kz)
]d-bp-p:\_n(-kz) Ggp h ]m]--fpsS Iq-n cm-a-Xmbn
knlvdv BWv! Ckvem-ans t]cn-emWv CsXmw Ac-t-dp--Xv.
Bsc- nepw sIp- I fn DuXn- b m Ah amcWw sNbv X p.
amcWw sNbv X - h Am- l p- h n ]p- t Nn- c n- p- p.
(\kmCu).
acWw Bk-a- m-bm

tcmKn Am-lp-hns hn[n-bn ]cn-]qW Xr]vX-\mbncnt-
-Xm-Wv. sh{]m-fhpw thh-em-Xn-bp-samw Xopw Hgn-hm--Ww.
ImcWw ktm-j-ns Ah-k-c-n Am-lp-hn\v \n ImWn-
m\pw km-]-ns Ah-k-c-n an-m-\p-amWv \_n(-kz)
]Tn- n- p- - X v . kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I - f psS Imcyw ApXw Xs!
Ahs Fm- Im-cy-fpw Ah\v \-bm-Wv. CXv hnizm-kn-I-
msX amp- a n- . ktm- j - I - c - a mb Hcp Imcy- a p- m- b m
Ah \n ImWn- p- p. As\ AX- h \v \- b mbn `hn- p-
p. C\n Ah\v _pn- a pv _m[n- m an- p- p. As\
AXpw Ah\v \-bmbn `hn-p-p. (ap-kvenw) AXpsImv Ign-
bp-n-S-tmfw im-\m-bn-cn-t--Xm-Wv. hcm-\n-cn-p ]c-tem-
Is kw_-npw kzKo-bm-\p-`q-Xn-I-fn-ep {]Xo-bpw \c-
Iin- I sf kw_- n òXnbpw a\- n- e p- m- b n- c n- - W w.
ImcWw A\kv(d) ]d-bp-p: \_n Hcn- ac-Wm-k--\mb Hcp
bqhm-hns\ kin--tm, \ns Ah--sb-m-sWv tNmZn-
p. Ah ]d-p, dkqte, Rm Am-lp-hn \nv \ {]Xo-
n-p-I-bpw, Fs Xn-bpsS Imcy-n `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-
p. Asm \_n(- k z) ]d- p. Ccw k`- n Hc- S n- a -
bpsS a\-n-ep-m-Ip B{K-l- Amlp \nd-th-m-Xn-cn-n-
. Ah `b-s-Sp in-bn \nv Ahs\ \n`-b-\m-m-sX-
bp-an-cn-n-.(Xqap-Zn) apkvenw D-cn-p Hcp lZo-kn ""Am-
lp-hns\ kw_-nv \ [mc-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-msX \n acn-
-cp-tX.'' Fv \_n(-kz) D]-tZ-in-n-cn-p-p. acWw B{K-ln-
m\pw AXn-\p-thn {]mYn-m\pw ]mSn-. Nne-tm ITn-\-
tcmKw _m[n-p-tm \p-sS-bn-S-bn Nne-sc-nepw ]d-bm-dp--
Xp- t ]mse Hv acnp Inn- b n- c p- s - n F {]tbmKw apkv e n-
ans\ kw_- n- n- S - t mfw Hcn- epw A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a - . Ihn-

m Cs\ {]mYn- mw. Am- l p- t h, Pohn- X - a m- s W- \ nv
D-a-sa-n \osbs Pohn-n-t-W-ta. A, ac-W-am-sW\nv
D-a-sa-n \osbs acn-n-t-W-ta.(_p-Jm-cn) CXn\p Imc-W-
ambn \_n(- k z) Hcn- Nqn- m- n- b - X v , \- h \v \ h[n- n-
m\pw adn- m- s W- n Xn- b n \nv ]m- - ] n- m\pw Ah-
kcw e`n-p-sa-m-Wv.(-lm-Inw)
hkzn-pw IS-_m-[y-Xbpw
ac-W-am-k--am-bm {in-t hfsc {][m-\-s Imcy-am-
Wv hkzn-pw IS-an-S-]m-Sp-Ifpw. hkzn-v sNm-\mbn hXpw
Dt-in-p-p-s-n AXv cv Znh-k-n-\Iw FgpXn sht-
-Xm-Wv. hkzn-v sNm-\p-m-bn-cns Fgp-Xn-sh-msX cp-
cm-{Xn-sb-nepw Ignp Iqp-Xv apkven-anv tN-X-. (_p-Jm-
cn)
CXv \_nbn\nv(-kz) tIXv apX Hscm--cm-{Xnbpw hkzn-
bv sNmsX Xs Pohn- X - n Ignp t]mbn- n- . Fv
C_v\p Da(-d)]d-bpp (_p-Jm-cn). ac-Wm-k--\m-b-h Bh-iy-
amb cq]-n hkzn-v sNm Izp-B\pw \nt-in-p-p.
(A_-Iz-d.180)
Fm CXv Xs kzns aqn- s em- n- t \- m IqSp-
Xtem ap--hsc D]-{Z-hn-p cq]-ntem Bbn-q-Sm--Xm-Wv.
lXp hnZm- C s L- n, kAZp_v \ p A_o- h - I zm- k n\v
tcmKw _m[n-p. \_n(-kz) At-ls kin-p-I-bp-m-bn.
Atm Atlw \_n-tbmSv(-kz) tNmZn-p: F\n-s-mSpw k-
p-v. Fs A\-n-c-sa-Sp-m Hcp s]Ipn am{X-ta-bp-q.
AXpsImv Fs k- ns apncv Rm hkzn- v
sN-stm? \_n(-kz) ]d-p. ]mSn-. Fm ]IpXn? ]mSn-
. Fm aqn-semv? Atm \_n(-kz) ]d-p: aqn-semv
Xs [mcm-f-am-Wv. Fnv Ahn-Sv At-ls Cs\ D]-tZ-
in-p. kAvtZ, \ns A\--cm-h-Im-in-Isf P\--fp-sS-b-Sp-
ssI\o- p Ah- - b n hnt- p- t ]m- I p- - X n- s \- m Daw
Ahsc k--cmn hnt-p--Xm-Wv. Am-lp-hns {]oXn Dt-
in- p- s Imv \o sNe- h - g n- p- - X n- s emw \n\v ]pWy- a p- v ;
\ns `mcyv sNe- h n\p sImSp- p- - X n t]mepw. (Alv a - Z v )
ChnsS Izp-B \ntZ-inpXv t]mse (am-C-Z, 106-108) \oXn-
amam-cmb cv apkvenw kmn-I-sf-tbm, Ahsc Inn-bn-s-n

apkvenw-I-f-m cp-t]-sctbm kmn-\nt--Xm-Wv. A\--
cm-h-Im-in-I-fn Bsc-sb-nepw D]-{Z-hn-p hkzn-v \njn--
am-Wv. kqd-Xp-n-km-C A\--cm-h-Imi \nb-a-sf ]cm-ain-p-
Bb-p-I-fpsS kam-]-\-n Amlp ]d-bp--Xv ""t{Zml-]c-- -
a-m hkzn-sm IStam Ds-n AXv Ign-mWv A\-n-c-
kzv Hmlcn sht-- (4, 12) Fm-Wv. A\--cm-h-Im-in-Isf D-
]-{Z-hn-p- -X-c-n-ep hkzn--m-sW-n AXp \S-n hcp-
p-hm _m[y-X-bn-sv CXn \np {Klnmw. ""kzbw IjvS-
s--Sp-Itbm A\ysc IjvS-s-Sp-p-Itbm sNm-h-X-. A\y-sc
IjvS-s-Sp-n-b-hs\bpw _pn-ap-n--h-s\bpw Am-lphpw IjvS-
s-Sp-p-Ibpw _pn-ap-n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.'' (Zm-dp-IzpXzv\n,
lmInw).
ac-Wm-\-c Ia--fn ]e-X-c-n-ep A-hn-izm-k-fpw
A-\m-Nm-c-fpw apkvenw kap-Zm-b-n Cv \ne-\np-p. hn-
izm-knsb kw_-n-n-S-tmfw Hcn-epw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-m a-
c--Wm-\--c-ap Izp-B ]mcm-b-Ww, XIzo, Iq-v, ASn-b-n-
-cw, Iz_vdn- Hmv, Iz_v sIn-sm- Xs ac-Wm-\-c Xp-S-
n-bh sN-cp-sXv tcmKnv _-s--h-tcmSv hkzn-v sN-m--
hp--Xm-Wv. Cu Ime-L--n Ccw hkzn-v Hc-Xym-h-iyw Iq-
Sn-bm-Wv. kzlm-_n-I Ccw hkzn- - p-I sNm-dp-m-bn-cp--p.
A_qaqkm(- d ) ac- W m- k - - \ m- b - t m, P\mk thK- n
sImpt]mI- W - s a- pw, Iz_v d n Xs ico- c - nsbpw an-
sbpw CS-bn XS--ambn Hpw sN-cp-sX-pw, amdv hen-p-Iodn
hne-]n-p-Xpw apw ]mSn-spw hkzn-bv sNbvX-Xmbn D-cn-
s-Sp-p. (A-lvaZv, ss_l-en), Awdq-_v\qBkv(-d) Xs hkzn-
-n Xs an-ns IqsS hne-]n-p--hcpw Xobpw A\p-
K-an--cq-sXv ]d-bp-I-bp-m-bn(-ap-kvenw, Al-va-Zv).
AXp- t ]mse Xs, ac- W - n\v apmbn IS- _ m- [ y- X - I
]qn-bm--Ww. AXn\v km[n-msX hm Ah hop--Xn-
\p- t hn kz- m- t cmSv hkzn- v sNp- I - s b- nepw thWw.
\_n(-kz) ]d-bp-p: Xs ktlm-Zcs A`n-am-\tam ktm
Bsc-nepw A]-l-cn-n-p-s-n Znlapw Zo\mdpw kzoI-cn--
s-Sm Iznbm-av\m hcp--Xn\p apmbn AX-h\v aS-n-sm-
Sp--s. Av Ah\v h kZvIahp-ap-s-n Ah-\n \ns-
Sp-v, Xs _m[y-X-m-c-\Xv \Ip-p. kZvIn-s-n, Xs
_m[y-X-m-cs Xn-I-sf-Spv Ch\v \Ip--Xm-Wv. (_pJmcn).
cv Zo\m-dns IS-_m-[y-X-bp-ambn acn--h\v AXv asm-cm
Gs- S p- - pXphsc \_n(- k z) anv \a- k v I - c n- m Xm- d m-
bn FXv Cu hnj-b-ns Kuchw t_m[y-am-p-p(lm-Inw).

A\ys A`n-am-\tam Ah-Im-i-tam [zwkn-p-Itbm cw
Nnp-Itbm sNbvXn-p-s-n {]kvXpX Imcy- Ign-bp-sa-n
]d-p-XopI Xs thWw. Am]w Ghpw Zb-\o-b-
amb Ah--bn-emWv \mw Fn-t-cp-I. Hcn- \_n(-kz) tNmZn-
p: ]m-cm-b-h Fm Bcm-sW--dn-bmtam? kzlm-_n-I ]d-
p. ]Wtam ktm Cm--h-\mWv R ]m -Fp ]d-
bp--Xv. \_n(-kz) ]d--p: A-, Fs kap-Zm-b-n- ]m
Fm \a-kvIm-chpw t-\m--p-w k-Im-pw ap-ambn Izn--bm-av
\mfn hcp--h-\m-Wv. Atm Ah Hcp-s\ iIm-cn-n-cn-pw.
asm-cp--s\-n A]-hmZw ]d-n-cn-pw. asm-cp-s cw
Nnn-bn-cn-pw ASn-n-cn-pw. XZv^-e-ambn Ahs kZv{]-hr-n-I
Ahmbn hoXnp sImSp-tnhcpw. Ahs _m[y-X-I Xocp-
-Xn\p apv \a-I XopIgn-m Ah-cpsS ]m]- Ch\v
\Ipw. tijw Ahs\ \c- I - n Fdn- b p- I bpw sNpw (ap-
kvenw).
_m[y- X - I - f psS Kuchw th- h n- [ - n Xs a\- n- e m-
m ]cym-]vX-amb \_n-h-N-\--fm-Wn-sX-mw. ]s, \psS
kap-Zmbw ]e-tmgpw Ccw Imcy--fn-sempw th{X ipjvIm-
n ImWn-m-dn. Xs kZvIa--sfmw ]c-tem-Iv \jvS-s-
Sm Imc-W-am-Ip _m[y-X-Isf kw_-nv hnizm-kn-I Hcn-
epw A{i--cm-bn-q-Sm. {]tXy-Inv ac-Wm-k--\mbn InS-p
L- n Xs k- ns \n_- - _ m- [ y- X - b mb kImv
t]mepw \nhln-m ]ecpw \p-sS-bn-S-bn Dm-Im-dp-v. ap-
- h s Ah- I m- i - - s fmw kzw s]n- b nepw ]m- b - nepw
]qn-shv Am-lp-hns ASp--tev acnv sNp--hs KXn
Fm-bn-cn-pw? Izp-B ]d-bp-p. ""Ah-cpsS km-Zy--sfmw
Npp- ] - g p- nv ]miz- fpw apXp- I p- I fpw s\n- - S - - f p- s amw
NqSp-sh-p Znh-kw. CsXms \n \np-thn km-
Zn--Xm-Wv. \n km-Zn-Xp sImv in A\p-`-hnpsImp-
I''(A- u- _ ) Ccw _m[y- X - I - s fmw \n- l n- pItbm
ASp Ah- I m- i n- I sf D- c - h m- Z - s - S p- t - - X m- W v . kzlm- _ n-
I Cu Imcy-n-e \njvT ]pen-b-h-cm-bn-cpp. DlvZv bp-
n ]s-Sp-m-s\m-cp-nb A_vZp-(-d) Xs ]p{X Pm_ndn-
s\(-d) hnfnpsImv ISwhom\pw ktlm-Z-c--tfm-sSmw \-\n-
e- b n hn- m\pw hkzn- v sNbv X p. B bp- n
Atlw ckmn-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp (_p-Jm-cn).
tcmKn-bpsS \a-kvIm-chpw
]m-m-]hpw
asmcp Imcyw {in-m-\p-Xv \a-kvIm-c-n-t-Xm-Wv. tcmKn-
bmbm ]e apkvenwktlm-Z-c-fpw \a-kvIm-c-n A{i--cm-
hp-Xv ImWmw. Atm Ccw L--fn-sempw \a-kvImcw
Hgn-hm-m \_n(kz) A\p-h-Zn-n-n-. ]e-tmgpw tcmKnv \nv
\a- k v I - c n- m Ign- b m- s X- h - c pw. Fm Ccpv \a- k v I - c n- -
Ww.AXn\pw Ign-bm--hmWv BwKyw ImWn-p-I-sb-nepw
thtWm, F- s \- b mWv km[n- p- Xv Bcq- ] - n sN- W w.
GXm- b mepw \a- k v I mcw Hgn- h m- m- h - X - . Nne tcmKn- I v
shw D]- t bm- K nv hpZzqFSp- m kuI- c y- a p- m- h p- I - b n- .
A-s\-bp---hv \nh-ln-m-\m-h-iy-amb kuI-cy- tcmKn-
bpsS th-s--h sNbvXpsImSp-t--Xm-Wv. \a-kvI-cn-m
t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. km[m-cW \p-sS-bn-Sbn tcmKn-I-
tfm-Sp A\p-I--sb \ne-bn, C\n-bn-tm \a-kvI-cn-p-I-
sbmpw th. Fv D]-tZ-in-p--h-cp-ap-v. \_nv(-kz)tcmK-
am-b-tm t]mepw Ipfnv ]n-bn Pam-A-n\v ]s-Sp-m
{ian kw`hw _pJmcn D-cn-n-p-v. ]s, Ipfn--tm \_nv
t_m[- - b - a p- m- b n. Av ]n- b n t]mIm Ign- - X p- a n- .
]Icw A_q-_-Iv(-d) P\-v Cam-ambn \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bm-Wp-
m-b-Xv. Fs-nepw sXpsNm a\p-jy-cp-m-hn-. ]m-
m-]-amWv sXp-I-fn \nv apn-t\-Sm-\p amKw. tcmKnbmbn
InS- p L- n {]tXy- I nv Cu Imcyw {in- t - - X m- W v .
\_n(- k z) ]d- b p- p. Bmhv sXm- p- g n- b n- s e- p- - X n\pw
apmbn ]m- - ] n- m Amlp AXv kzoI- c n- p- - X m-
Wv(XnanZn). GXv ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy\pw BmY-ambn ]m--
]n-m ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb {kjvSmhv AXv kzoI-cn-p--Xm-Wv.
Am- l p- h - msX \nm- c mWv ]m]- s]mdp- p- X - c m- \ p-

sX (Benw-Cw-dm) Izp-B-\ns tNmZyw GXv ]m]n-bpsS a\-
n-s\bpw kzm[o-\n----Xm-Wv. \_n(-kz) Hcp Znhkw \qdp-
X-h-W-sb-nepw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]m]-tam-N\w tXSm-dp-m-bn-cp-p.
(ap-kvenw) Izp-B ]d-bp-p: kzw Bm--tfmSv AXn-{Iaw
{]hn-p-t]mb Fs Zmkamtc, \n-sfm-cn-epw Am-lp-
hns Imcp-Wy-s-n \ncm-i-cm-I-cp-Xv. Xo-bmbpw Amlp
Fm ]m]-fpw s]mdp-p--h\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[nbpamIp-p. (39,
53) ]c- a - I m- c p- W n- I - \ mb dv , Hcp a\p- j y ]I- e - n- t bmfw
sNp sXp-I s]mdp-m cm{Xn-bn ssII \on-bn-cn-p-
p. Ccpn- b m {]`m- X - a m- I p- Xv hsc sNp sXp- I - s fmw
s]mdp-m ]I-en ssII \on-bn-cn-p-p-shv \_n(kz) ]d-
bp- p: C{X- a m{Xw Imcp- W y- h m- \ mb Xp- c m- t \mSv a\- - d nv
]m- - ] n- m B ssIIsf Ah Xn- a m- p- I - b n- . Acw
Hcp-d a\-tmsS-bm-bn-cn-Ww Am-lp-hn-t\mSv ]m--]n-t-
-Xv.
tcmKnsb kin
tcmKnsb kin- hfsc {]_-e-amb Hcp kp-m-Wv.
Cm-cy-n tcmKn, apkventam Aap-kventam F hyXym-k-an-
. Hcp apkvenan\v asmcp apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-t\m-Sp _m[y-X-
I {]hm-N-I ]Tn-n--Xn-semv tcm-Knsb kin--em-Ip-p.
Hcp apkvenanv asmcp ktlm-Z-c-t\m-Sp _m[y-X-I Bdm-Ip-
p. Ip-ap-p-tm kemw ]d-bp-I, Wn-m AXv kzoI-cn-
p-I, kZp-]-tZiw Bh-iy-s-m AXv \Ip-I. Ah Xpn
Alw- Z p- e n Fp ]d- m blapIm sImv Ahs\
Biw- k n- p- I , tcmKn- b m- b m kin- p- I , acn- m Ahs
P\m-ksb A\p-K-an-p-I. (apkvenw) Cu hnj-b-n thsdbpw
lZo- k p- I hnp- v . tcmKnsb kin- GXp \nev
t\mn-bmepw KpW-I-c-amb Imcy-am-sWv a\-n-em-mw. i{Xp-
shsm an{X- s asm [\n- I - s \tm Zcn- { Z- s \tm hyXym- k - a n-
msX Fm- h - s cbpw kin- p- I - b mWpth- X v . ki\w
aptJ\ hyn_w `{Z-am-m\pw sIp-d-p--Xm-m\pw km[n-
p- s a- Xv Hcp kXyam- W v . i{Xq- X tbm atm \ne- \ np
hyn- I sf kin- p- XpsImv Ah- c p- s S- b n- S - b n
kv t \l_- ]p\- m- ] n- m Ign- t - pw. AXp-
sImmWv tcmK-k-i-\-ns {]m[m\yw \_n(-kz) ]e-tmgpw
Dun- - d - - X v . Hcp apkv e nw Xs ktlm- Z - c - \ mb apkv e n- a ns\
kin- m Ah aS- n- h - c p- Xp hsc kzK- nse Imbv I -
\n- I - f p tXm- n- e m- b n- c n- pw. (aqkv e nw). A_q- l p- d - b v d -
bn\nv(-d) apkvenap--cn-p lZo-kn, ]c-tem-Iv shv
Amlp tNmZn-p--Xmbn ]d-bp-p. a\p-jy-]p{Xm, Rm tcmKn-
bm-bn, \osbt Fs- k-in-n? Ah ]d-bp-p. \mYm,
\o kh-tem-I-c-n-Xm-h-t, Rm\-ss\ \ns kinpw?
Amlp ]d-bp-p: \o Adn-n-cp-nt, Fs ASna tcmK-bmbn
InS- Xv ? Fnv \o Ahs\ kin- n- ? \n\- - h nsS Fs

ImWm-am-bn-cp-p-.... (ap-kvenw) tcmKnsb kin- F{X-am{Xw
{]m[m- \ y- a ln- p- p- s hv CXv hy- a m- n- - c p- p. In\v
_m[n Hcp sNdnb thZ-\ v t]mepw \_n(kz) Fs kin-
p-shv sskZp_v\pAIz-an \nv A_qZm-hqZpw AlvaZpw D-
cn-p-p. kv{XoIv ]pcp-jamsc kin-p--Xn\v hntcm-
[-sam-p-an-. _pJm-cn-bn kv{XoI ]pcp-jamsc kin-
F A[ym-b-n Dp-ZZm-Av, Akzm-cn-I-fns] Hcp ]pcp-
js\ kin kw`hw hni-Zo-I-cn-p-p. BC-i(-d) ]d-bp-p:
\_n(- k z) aZo- \ - b n- t ev lnPv d t]mbn. Ahn- s S- s b- n- b tm
A_q-_-Ivdn\pw(-d) _nemen\pw(d) tcmKw _m[np InS-n-em-bn.
As\ Rm Ahsc cp t]scbpw kin-p. B-C-i(-d) ]d-
bp-p: A_q-_-Iv(-d) tcmKw _m[n-m Cs\ ]mSm-dp-m-bn-
cp-p. Fm a\p-jycpw Xs hop-Imn-S-bn kpJ-ambn hkn-
p-p. ac-W-am-Is Ahs sNcp-ns hmdn-s\-m F{Xtbm
ASp-m-WpXm\pw. (_p-Jm-cn) tcmKn Aap-kven-am-sW-nepw At-
ls kin- kp-m-Wv. \_nv(-kz) tkh\wsNbvXn-
cp Hcp PqX-bp-hm-hn\v tcmKw _m[n--tm \_n(-kz) kin-
- X mbn A\- k n\nv ( - d ) _pJmcn dntmv sNbv X lZo- k n
ImWmw.
ki\ acym- Z - I
ki-I s]mXp-hmb Nne acym-Z-I-sfms ]men-t--Xm-
Wv. hon Ib-dn-s-p-tm BZy-ambn kemw ]d-b-Ww. honse
cl- k y- - f - t \z- j n- - c p- X v . kv { XoI \np `mK- t v
t\mp-Itbm sXnm-c-W-bp-m-p cq]-n s]cp-am-dp-Itbm
Acp-Xv. tcmKnpw hop-Impw iey-ambntmp cq]-n
AhnsS X-cp-Xv. kwkm-cn--cp-sXv tUmIvS \ntZ-in tcmKn-
tbmSv kwkm-cnv hnjaw krjvSn--cp-Xv. hfsc hn\-b-tmSpw
kvt\l-tmSpw IqSn tcmK-hn-h-c- At\z-jn-p--Xn\v hntcm-
[- s am- p- a n- . \_n(- k z) As\ sNm- d p- m- b n- c pp.- A \kn-
\nv(-d) D-cn-p Hcp lZo-kn \_n(kz) tcmKn-bmb Hcp
bphm-hns\ kin--tm Ah-t\mSv \ns nXn F-s\-bn-
cn-pp F-t\z-jn-n-cp-p Fp ImWmw. (XpapZn). Fm
tcmK- k - i- \ - n\v th {]tXyI ka- b hpw Xo- X nbpw
shp ]Xn-shmpw dkq-en\v(-kz)-Dm-bn-cp-n-. tcmKn-Ip
thn {]mn-m {in-t--Xm-Wv. \_n(-kz) tcmKn-Ip
thn ki\ thf-bn {]mYn-m-dp-m-bn-cp-p. BCi(-d)
{]kv X m- h n- p- p. R- f n \nv Bs- nepw tcmKw _m[n-

m dkq(-kz) Xs heXp ssIsImv tcmKnsb XS-hp-Ibpw
]noSv Cs\ {]mYn- p- I bpw sNpw: P\- - f psS \mYm,
hnjaw \on--tc-W-ta, kpJsSpp-Ibpw sNt-W-ta, kpJ-
s- S p- p- - h \obm- W v , \o \Ip kpJ- a - msX kpJ- a n- ,
bmsXmcp tcmKhpw Ah-ti-jn-m kpJw(_p-Jm-cn). ap-Nne
dntmp-I-fn \_n(kz) "kmc-an- Amlp Dt-in-m kpJ-
sSpw' (_p-Jm-cn) Fp ]d--Xmbn hn-p-v. Nne-tm tcmKn-
bpsS t]sc-Spv ]dpw {]mYn-n-p-v. "Am-lp-th, kAvZn\v
\o ia\w \tI-Wta' (_p-Jm-cn) ki\ thf-bn tcmKn-bpsS
apJpw hb-pw \_n(-kz)-X-S-hn-b-Xmbn dntmv sN-s-n-
p-v.(_p-Jm-cn) tcmKn ac-Wm-k--\m-sW-n At-l-n\v em
Cem l Cm Fv sNmn-sm-Sp-t--Xm-Wv. acWw Bk--
am- b m \n em Ceml C- m Fv sNmn- s m- S p- p- I .
(apkvenw) Bcp-sS-sb-nepw Ah-km-\s hmv emCeml C-
m sbn Ah kzK- n {]th- i n- pw (lm- I nw) Fp
\_n(kz) ]d-n-cn-p-p. \_n(-kz) Akzm-dp-I-fns] Hcp
a\p-jys\ kin--tm em Ceml C-m sNmm ]d-p.
As\ sNmp- Xv F\nv {]tbm- P - \ - I - c - a mtWm F- t lw
tNmZn- - t m AsX- s bv \_n(kz) adp- ] Sn \Ip- I - b p- m-
bn.(A-lva-Zv) Fm tcmKnsb Izn_vev t\sc Xncnp InS-p-
Itbm AhsS shv bmko ]mcm-bWw sNp-Itbm sNt-
Xn-sv {]apJ lZokv ]WvUn-X-\mb \mkzn-dp-o A_-lm\n
F IrXn-bn ]d-bp-p (t]. 11), CXn-m-kv]-Z-ambn D-cn-m-
dp dntmv CXm-Wv. ss\ep HuXzm-dn ]d-bp-Xv t\mpI.
Zmd-IzpXzv\n ]dbp-p. CXns ]c-c _e-lo-\-am-Wv. hmNIw
Am-X-am-Wv. Cu hnj-b-n H lZokpw kzlol-. (4,19)
Ccw k`--fn ]e-X-c-n-ep A\m-Nm-c- IS-p-h-cm-
dp-Xv \psS kap-Zm-b-n kh-km-[m-c-W-am-Wv. AXp-sImv
AhnsS kn- l n- X - c m- b - h Cu Imcy- - s fmw hfsc {i- t bm-
SpIqSn ssIImcyw sNt--Xm-Wv. Ccw k`--fn A\m-
hiy h- a m- \ - fpw thm Imcy- fpw ]d- b m- X n- c n- m
{inpIbpw thWw. At-l-n\p thn {]mYn-p-Ibpw \
t\cp- I - b p- a mWv th- X v . Dpke- a - b n\nv ( - d ) D- c npp.
\n tcmKn-bpsS ASp- kn-ln-X-cm-bm \tX ]d-bm-hq.
ImcWw ae- p- I \n ]d- b p- - X n- s \mw Bao ]d- b p-
XmWv. (apkvenw).
acWw
ac-W-s-p-dnv ùXn-I-im-kv{X-n\v Fsmw A`n-{]m-b-
fpw \nK- a - \ - - f p- a p- s - nepw Hcp Imcyw \apv Xop- ] - d -
bmw. Zriy-amb ùXnI ico-c-n \nv AZr-iy-amb Aù-XnI
icocw Xm-en-I-ambn hnS-]-d-bp-XmWv ac-Ww. acWw \psS
Pohn- X - n Hcp km[m- c W kw`- h - a m- s W- nepw hfsc Kuc- h -
tmsS \mw AXns\ hon-t--Xm-Wv. Amlp D-c-hm-Z-s-
Sp-nb {]tXyI ae-p-I aptJ-\-bmWv acWw kw`-hn-p--
Xv. Izq-B ]d-bp-p (\-_n-tb) ]d-bp-I: \n-fpsS Imcy-n
Gev]n--s ac-W-ns aev \nsf acn-n-p--Xm-Wv. ]no-
Sv, \n-fpsS cn-Xm-hns ASp--tev \n aS--s-Sp--Xp-
am- W v . (k- P Z 11) F{X ]pWy- h m- \ m- b mepw ac- W - t h- Z \ A\p- ` -
hn-t-n-hcpw. Bpw AXn \nv c-s-Sm-\m-hn-. Izp-
B ]d-bp-p:""GsXmcp tZlhpw acWw Bkz-Zn-p--Xm-Wv.''Cu
{]tbm-K-n \nv ac-W-n\v thZ-\-bp-m-p-sav hy-am-
W- t m. asmcp ev Izp- B ]d- b pp: A(- { ]m- W )
sXm-p-gn-bn Fp-I-bpw, a{n-m-\m-cpv Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-
Ibpw, AXv (X-s) th]m-Sm-sWv Ah hnNm-cn-p-I-bpw, IW-
mepw IW-mepw Iqn-n-W-bp-Ibpw sNbvXm Av \ns cn-
Xm-hn--te-m-bn-cnpw sXfnp \ns sImp-t]m-Ip--Xv. (A
Iznbm-a 26-30). ac-W-ns Ak-ly-amb thZ-\-bn \nv apn
t\Sm \mw Am-lp-hn-t\mSv {]mYn-t--Xm-Wv. \_nbpsS(-
kz)- {]mY\ ImWpI: Am- l pth, ac- W - ns thZ- \ - b n
\npw sh{]m- f - n \npw \o Fs klm- b n- t - W - t a.
(XnanZn).
ac-Wm-\
- cw sNt-Xv
Hcp a\p-jy ac-W-sm AhnsSbph \nh-ln-t
Nne Imcy- - f p- v . ]Tn- - h v t]mepw Ccw k`- - f n
sh{]mfw ImcWw ]eXpw sNm Ign-bm-dn-. acWw kw`-hn-p-
shv Dd-m-bm an-ns Ip-I cpw AS-p-Ibpw At-
l- n\p thn {]mYnp- I bpw thWw. A_p- k - e - a (- d ) acn- -
tm Xpdp InS-n-cp At-l-ns Ip-I \_n(-kz) AS-
p- ] n- S np XpSv ]d- p: ""Bmhv ]nSn- - s - m Iv
AXns\ ]np- S - c p- - X m- W v . '' tijw A_q- k - e - a v ( - d ) thn
Cs\ {]mYn- p: Am- l pth! A_qk- e - a v \o s]mdpv
sImSp-t-Wta. kmKn-I-fpsS Iq-n At-l-ns ]Zhn
\o Dbt-W-ta. _mn-bp--h-cpsS Iq-n, At-l-ns
]nKm- a n- I - f n At- l - ns A`mhw \o ]cn- l - c n- t - W - t a.
kh-temI cn-Xm-th, At-l-n\pw Rpw \o s]mdpv
Xtc-W-ta. At-l-ns Iz_v \o hnim-e-amnsmSp-p-Ibpw
{]Imiw sNmcnp sImSp- p- I bpw sNt- W - t a. (ap- k v e nw,
Alv a Zv ) . tijw arX- t Zlw apgp- h hkv { Xw sImv aqS- W w.
\_n(-kz) h^m-m-b-tm At-ls As\ aqSn-bn-p-sv
BC- i (- d ) dntmv sNp- p. \_n(- k z) \ncym- X - \ m- b - t m
hcbpw Ipdn- b p- a p Hcp ]pXp sImv aqS- s - p. (_p- J m- c n,
apkvenw). Fm ln\v Clvdmw sInb Ah-k-c-n-emWv acn-
-sX-n CXv _m[-I-a-. At-l-ns apJhpw Xebpw ad-t-
-Xn-. C_v\pAm-kv(-d) ]d-bp-p. Hcp a\p-jy Ad-^-bn
\np- t m Xs H- I - p- d v \nv hoWp acnp. \_n(- k z)
]d-p: ""Xmfnbpw sh-hp-ap-]-tbm-Knv At-ls Ipfn-n-p-
I. cp- h - k v { X- n At- l s I^ sNp- I .'' (A- t - l -
ns cv hkv{X-n Fpw dntmp-v) kpK-{Z-hy-
D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xn-. Xebpw apJhpw ad-t--Xn-. ImcWw
Atlw Iznbm- a v \mfn Fgp- t p- Xv X_n- v

sNmn-sm-m-bn-cn-pw. (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw). hfsc thK-n
Cu Imcy- \n-ln--W-sav \_n-h-N-\--fn \nv hy-
am-Wv. A[n-I-k-abw Imn-cn-p-Xv \-X-. acn hynsb
\mn Xs ad- a m- S p- - X mWv D- a w. ap e- - f n- t ev
sImp-t]m-tI--Xn-. Pm_ndp_v\pA_vZn--bn(-d) \np--cn-
p Hcp lZo-kn DlvZv bp-n sIme-sN--s--hsc km[m-
cW apkvenw-Isf adhv sNm-dp _Izo-C-tev sImp-h-cp-Xv
I- t m sIme- s N- - s - - h sc Ahn- s S- s adhp sN- W -
sav Am- l p- h ns {]hm- N - I \n- t fmSv Iev ] n- pp F
Adn-bn-p-m-bn. Fs D-sbbpw Am-h-s\bpw H-I-p-dv
Ibn D _Izo-C-tev sImp-h-n-cp-p. DSs\ R Ahsc
Atmp Xs sImp-t]m-bn. ]no-Sv, t\cs hym-am-n-
bXv t]mse an- n\v h IS- _ m- [ y- X - I - f p- a p- s - n DS- s \-
s hom- \ p amK- kzoI- c n- t - - X m- W v .
kAZv_v\pAXvhen\nv(-d) C_v\p-amP D-cn-p-p. At-l-
ns ktlm-Z-c acn--tm ktlm-Z-cs k-smw Ah-
Im-in-Iv hn`-Pnp sImSp- Hcp-n-b-tm \_n(-kz) At-
ls hnfn-p. ktlm-Z-cs IS-an-S-]m-Sp-I-sfmw hom D]-tZ-
in-p. As\ Atlw Fm _m[y-X-Ifpw hop-I-bp-m-bn. (C-
_v\p-am-P) cp-Zo\m am{Xw IS-_m-[y-X-bp-m-bn-cp Hcp a\p-
jy acn- - t m At- l - n\v thn \a- k v I - c n- m \_n(-
kz)Xm-dm-bn-. \n-fpsS ktlm-Z-c\v \n \a-kv-cn-pI
Fv ]d- b p- I - b m- W p- m- b Xv . Atm A_qIz- X mZx F
kzlm_n an- ns IS- _ m- [ yX Gs- S p- p. XZ- \ - cw
\_n(kz) \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bp-m-bn. ]noSv B cp Zn\m ISw
honb kzlm-_nsb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnv {]hm-N-I ]d-p: Ctm
Xm At-ls \cIin-bn \nv cn-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
(lm-Inw)
Izp-B ]mcm-bWw
acn hyn-bpsS Npp-an-cpv Izp-B ]mcm-bWw sNp
coXn Nne-bn-S--fn-semw ImWm-dpv. Fm Ckvem-an CXn\v
amXr-I-bn-. {]hm-N-I C-s\-sbmv kzlm-_n-Iv ]Tn-n-
n-tbn-. ]Tn-n-n-cp-s-n Hcn--se-nepw Ah-cXv sNp-am-bn-
cp-p. dkq(-kz) acn--tm kzlm-_n-I Izp-B ]mcm-bWw
sNbvX-Xmbn Fhn-sSbpw tcJ-bn-. acn a\p-jy\v ]pWyw Inm
thn At- l - ns Npp- a n- c pv Izp- B HmXn Iqen lZv b
sNp(Zm-\w) k{-Zmbw ]nm-ev apkvenw-I-fn IS-p-Iq-
Snb Hc- \ m- N m- c - a m- W v . Pohn- n- c n- p- - h v XmoXv \ev I m
thn Ah-X-cn-n--s hnip Izp-B(kqd: bmko) acn
a\p- j y- c psS Npp- a n- c pv ]mcm- b Ww sNp- - X n\v ]e \ymb-
fpw ]d- s m- n- m- d p- v . Izp- B ]mcm- b Ww \- X t
_It Fsm- s . hmkv X - h - n Ccw {]tXy- I - a m-
sbmcp kml-N-cy-n AXv \-Xm-bn-cp-p-sh-n {]hm-N-I\pw
kzlm- _ n- I fpw Xo- b mbpw AXv sNp- a m- b n- c p- p. \s-
msfmw \ sNm Xmev]-cy-ap--h-cm-Wsm Ah-scmw .
]s, Ah As\ sNbv X n- . acn- - h p- t hn Izp- B
]mcm-bWw sNbvXm AXns Iqen acn--hv e`n-p-I-bn-s-
-XmWv im^nCu aZvl_nse t]mepw {]kn--amb A`n-{]m-bw.
Camw \hhn At- l - ns ilp apkv e n- a n ]d- b p- Xv
ImWpI. Fm acn--hp Izp-B ]mcm-b-Ws kw_-
nv im^nCu aZv l _nse {]kn- - a mb A`n- { ]mbw AXns
{]Xn-êw acn--hv e`n-p-I-bn Fm-Wv. (ilp apkvenw
190) {]mam- W n- I - \ mb Izp- B hymJym- X mhv C_v \ p- I - k o(- d )
kqdXp--Pvanse Hcmbv hymJym-\n-p-sImp ]d-bp-p: ""Cu
Bb-n \nmWv Camw im^n-Cubpw (-d) At-l-ns A\p-
bm-bn-Ifpw acn--hv thn Izp-B HmXn AXns Iqen Zm\w
sNbv X m AhXv e`n- p- I - b n- v A`n- { ]m- b - s - n- p- - X v . ''

ImcWw AXv acn--h-cpsS {]hr-n-bntem km-Zy-ntem s]-
X-. AXp-sIm-mWv \_n(-kz)AXv Xs kap-Zm-b-n\v \ntZ-
in-p-I-tbm, hy-ambpw hrwKy-ambpw kqN\ \evIpI t]mepw
sNm-Xn-cp--Xv. Hcp kzlm-_n-bn \npw AXp--cn--s-n-p-an-
. AXv Hcp \ Imcy-am-bn-cp-p-sh-n Ah \s-m Xmev]-
cy-]qhw AXn-tev apI-S-p-am-bn-cp-p. kzK-n-te--Sp-n-
p ]qWy-Ia-fpsS Imcy-n -\zp-I (JUnX {]am-
Ww) am{X-am-Wv A-h-ew-_w. (C-_v\p-I-ko 4:28) im^nCu aZvl-
_p- I m- c m- s Wp ]d- b p- - h , apI- f n- e p- - c n ]Wv U n- X m- ` n- { ]m- b -
{in-n-cp-s-n, C-c-sam-c-\m-Nmcw \nh-ln-p-am-bn-cp-
n-. im^nCu aZvl-_n-se-s {]am-Wn-I-amb A`n-{]m-b--
fmWtm apI-fn-ep--cn--Xv. ssiJp Ckvemw C_v\pssXan-(-
d) ]d-bp-p: kpv \a-kvImcw \nh-ln-p-I-tbm, kpv
t\m- \ p- j n- T n- p- I tbm Izp- B HmXp- I tbm sNbv X v AXns
Iqen acn apkvenw-Iv Zm\w sNp ]Xnhv ]qhn-Ip-m-
bn-cp-n-. Ah-cpsS amK-n \nv sXn-tm-Im-Xn-cn-m {in-
t- - X mWv . Imc- W w, AXmWv t{ijv T hpw ]cn- ] qW- h p- a mb
amKw. C{Xbpw hni-Zo-I-cn--Xn \nv acn--hv thn-bp
Izp-B ]mcm-b-W-ns Ckvem-an-I-hn[n hy-am-btm.
ZpxJ {]I-S\w
acn hon ZpxJ-`mcw Xn-\np A-co--am-bn-cn-pw.
Imc- W w, X- f psS IqsS Ap- h sc Pohn- X - ns kpJ ZpxJ-
]n hyn, As- n X kzPo- h - s \- m- t fsd
kvt\ln-p ]ntm-a-\- XpS-n-b-h-cmbncnpw hnS-]-d-n-cn-
p- Xv . Ccw L- - f n a\- n\v Xmm- \ m- h m ZpxJw
sImv Ip-I \nd-sm-gp-In-bm AXn Akmw-K-Xy-tam-p-
an-. kvt\l-n-sbpw Imcp-Wy-n-sbpw A\p-I--bp-sSbpw
\n_ Xm]cyw am{X-am-WXv. {]hm-N-I-]p-{X C_vdmlow acn-
- t m Ahn- S s- I- p- I \nd- p. Fn- - t lw ]d- p:
t\{X- Ip- \ o s]mgn- p- p. a\v ZpxJw t]dpp \mw
\psS \mY CjvS-s-Sp--X-msX ]d-bm-Xn-cn-pI C_vdm-lota,
\ns th]m-Sn Xo-bmbpw R Gsd ZpxJn-X-cmWv (_p-
Jm-cn) Xs ]p{Xn ssk\-_-ns aI Dssaa acn--tmgpw At-
l- ns Ip- I \nd- s m- g p- I n. {]hm- N - I - t c, Xm Ic-
bptm? Fv kAvZp_v\p D_mZ tNmZn--tm Atlw ]d-p:
AXv Amlp Ahs ASn- a - I - f psS a\- n shp sImSp
ImcpWyw am{X-amWv. IcpW ImWn-p--h-t\mSv am{Xta Am-
lphpw IcpW ImWn-p-I-bp-q. (^nIzvlpp-) Fm amd-
-Sn-p-I, Iqn-hn-fn-p-I, Xe-apSn henp NnX-dp-I, A-l-kn-
p-I, \nev InSv Dcp-fpI XpS-n-bh Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-n-n-
m Imcy--fm-Wv. \_n(-kz) ]d-p: ""apJ--Sn-p-Ibpw amdv
henp Iodp-Ibpw Pmln-enm Imestmse hnfnp Iqh \S-
p-Ibpw sNp--h-scmpw \psS kap-Zm-b-n s]-h-c-.''
(_p-Jm-cn) ZpxJ-{]-I-S-\-n\v thn apSn-sh-p-Xpw apSn Agn-n-
Sp-Xpw dkq(kz) hntcm-[n--h-bn s]-h-bm-Wv. A_p-aq-k-
bpsS ]p{X A_qZZ- b n \nv , A_p aqk Hcn- ITn- \ -
tcmKw _m[nv t_m[-c-ln-X-\m-bn. At-l-ns IpSpw-_-nse
Hcp kv { Xo At- l - ns Xe- a - S n- b nshv A- l - k n- m XpS-

n. t_m[w sXfn--tm Atlw Cs\ ]d-p. Xncp-\_n
Bcp- a mbn _w hnSp\- Xpw Ah- c p- a mbn Rm\p- a nXm
_w hnSp- p. an- ns t]cn A- l - k n- p- - h - f n
\npw amdv henp Iodp- - h - f n \npw \_n(- k z) _w
hnSnbn- c pp.(_p- J m- c n) nc- a mbn XmSn- h - S n- n- c p ]ecpw
ZpxJ-{]-I-S-\-n\v thn Ipdv Imew XmSn \on hfp-Xpw
Ckvem-anI ho-W-n \ymbo-I-cn-m-hp--X. AXp-t]mse
Xe sambSnp- s Impw Idp t_Uv P v [cnpsImpw acn
a\p-jy-tcmSv A\q-`mhw {]I-Sn-n-p-Xpw ]gb Pmln-en--ns\
A\p-kva-cn-n-p--Xm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iv Ftmgpw Ckvem-anI
kwkv I m- c - a mWv Fm cwK- - f nepw A`n- e - j - W o- b - a m- b n- p- - X v .
C_v \ p- A - _ m- k v ( - d ) {]kv X m- h n- p- p. dkqens(kz) ]p{Xn
ssk\-_(-d) ac-W-s--tm kv{XoI Ic-p. Atm Da(-
d) Xs ssIbnep- m- b n- c p Nm- h msImv Ahsc ASn- p.
DSs\ dkq(-kz) Dadns(d) ssIp ]nSnv "AcpXv Datd' Fv
]d-p. A\-cw \n ]nim-Nns Ae kqn--W-sav
kv { XoI- t fmSv D]- t Z- i n- p. Fnv \_n(kz) ]d- p: ""In
\npw a\- n \npw Dm- I p ZpxJ- { ]- I - S \w Am- l p- h n
\np-Xpw I\nhv \nan--hp-amWv ssIbn\npw \mhn\n-p-
ap-Xv ]nim-Nns hI-bp-amWv (Alv-a-Zv). acn hyn-bp-am-bp
kv t \l- _ - - - _ - l p- a m- \ m- Z chp- I - \ p- k - c nv ]e- t mgpw ZpxJ-
ns Imcy-nepw G-p-d-n-ep-I-fp-m-hpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.
Fm, Fp Xs- b m- b mepw GsXmcp hyn- p- t h- nbpw
aqv Znh-k-n IqSp-X ZpxJm-N-cWw Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-p-n-
. PAv^(-d)-a-cn--tm aqv Znh-k-n IqSp-X ZpxJn-n-cn-
m (I-c-bm) ]mSn-sv \_n(kz) At-l-ns hop-Imsc
D]-tZ-in-p. (A-_qZm-hq-Zv)
kv{XoI-fpsS ZpxJm-Nc- Ww
kv { XoIv ZpxJm- N - c - W - n Nne hyXym- k - - f p- v . `-
m-hns ac-W-n kv{Xo \mep-am-khpw ]p-Zn-h-khpw ZpxJ-
am-N-cn-t--Xp-v. Izp-B\pw lZokpw CXv hy-am-p-p. Cu
Ime-b-f-hn Ahv hnhm-ln-X-cm-Im A\p-hmZ-an-. Izp-B
]d- b p- p: \n- f n Bsc- nepw X- f psS `mcy- a msc hntp
sImv ac-W-s-Sp-I-bm-sW-n Ah(`m-cy-am) X-fpsS Imcy-
n \mep- a m- k hpw ]p- Z n- h - k hpw Imn- c n- t - - X m- W v .
(A_- I zd: 234) Fm K`n- W n- b m- s W- n {]k- h n- p- Xv
hsc-bmWv C-bn-cn-t--Xv. (A-Xz-em-Izv: 5) `m-h-m--hp-
thn aqp- Z n- h - k - n IqSp- X ZpxJm- N - c Ww \njn- - a m- W v ;
Ah F{X ASp _- a p- - h - c m- s W- n- e pw, \_n(kz) ]d- b p-
p: Cu L- n- Ah ]men- t acym- Z - I sf Ipdnpw
\_n(kz) ]Tnn-n-p-v.
kpK- - a p- ] - t bm- K n-
Cu ka-bv kpK--ap-]-tbm-Kn- \njn--am-Wv. Dp-A-
Xzn--bn \nv _pJmcn D-cn-p lZo-kn CXp]-dbpp-v.
Fm, EXp-c--n \nv Ipfnv ipn-h-cp-p-tm D]-tbm-
Kn-t-n-h-cp efn-X-amb kpK--h-kvXp--sf-s-nepw D]-tbm-
Kn-p-Xn\v hntcm-[-an-sv XpSv Xncp-\_n ]d-bp-p: CXv
kpK- - a p- ] - t bm- K n- pI F Bi- b - n Ds- S p- I - b n- .
Fm Xe- b n F- t X- p- Xpw tkmv D]- t bm- K n- p- Xpw
apw hntcm-[n--s--X-.
Ae- m- c - a - W n- b
Ae- mchkv { X- fWn- b epw \njn- - a m- W v . _pJm- c n- b psS
dntmn Ae-mc hkv{X--f-m Nmbw apnb hkv{X-
[cn-m-sap hnpv. km[m-c-W-[-cn-p hkv{X- GXpw
[cn- m- s av C- X n \np hy- a m- W v . sh- h - k v { X- a - W n- b - W -

satm hoSn- \ p- n {]tXyI apdn- b n ad- b p- mn Ccn- - W -
satm \ntZi-an-. AXp-t]m-se, Is-gp-Xp--Xpw, kpdp-a-bn-Sp-
Xpw A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a - (- _ p- J m- c n). Fm, tcmK- I m- c - W -
sImtm atm kpdpa D]- t bm- K n- t n hm hntcm- [ - a n-
smWv ]WvUnX -]-w. A-s\-bm-Ip-tm ]I-ep-I-fn Hgn-
hm-p-Ibpw cm{Xn D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-bp-amWv D-aw.
B`- c - W hpw ssaem- nbpw
Dp-k-e-abn\nv(-d)- A_qZm-hp-Zv, AlvaZv Fn-h D-cn-
p- lZo-kn CXv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-sv hy-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
sam--n Ch-sIm-p-t-in--s-n-p--Xv, Hcp Xc-n-ep-ap
ku--cy-{]-I-S-\hpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a F-Xm-Wv. Bh-iy-n\v
ho-n \nv ]pd-n-d-p-Xpw ]n-bn t]mIp-Xpw ln\v
t]m-Ip-Xpw tPmenv t]mIp-Xpw hntcm-[n--s--Xmbn hn-n-
. `Ww ]mIwsNp-I, Xqv hmcp-I, XpSn Fm Krl-tPm-
en--I-fnepw Chv Gs-Sm-hp--Xm-Wv. ac-Wm-\-cw `m-hns
ap--Jw ImWm-t\m A\y-]p-cp-jm-tcmSv kwkm-cn-mt\m Ahsc Im-
W-mt\m hop-ap-nd-mt\m ]mSn-s hnizmkw ASn-m-\-cl -- n-
X--am-Wv. Nne-bn-S--fn hon-\-Iv CXn-\mbn Iqkpw kuI-cy---
fpw Gs-Sp-p--h-cp-ap-v. \mev]Xv Znhkw sImv ZpxJm-N-c-Ww
Ah-km-\n-n-p-Ibpw, A{Xbpw \m hoSns P\hmXnep--I- AS-
msX Xpd-n-Sp--h-cp-apv. CXn-s\mpw Hc-Sn-m-\-hp-an--.
arX-tZ-ls Npw_n-mtam?
arX-tZ-l-ns apJw Xpdv ImWm-hp-Xpw Npw_n-m-hp-
- X p- a m- W v . Pm_n- d p_v \ p A_v Z n- bpsS(- d )- ]nXmhv sIm- s - -
tm Atlw Xs ]nXm-hns apJv \nv hkv{Xw amn Ic-
bp-I-bp-m-bn. ASp-p--h FXnv {]I-Sn-n--tmgpw \_n(-
kz) AX-\p-h-Zn-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw) \_n(-kz)
acn- - t m A_q- _ - I v (- d ) At- l - ns apJw Xpdv ImWp-
Ibpw s\n-bn Npw_n-p-Ibpw Ic-bp-I-bp-ap-m-bn-sbv BC-
ibn \nv(-d) _pJmcn D-cn-p-pv. Dkvam-\p_v\p aZv-Du
F kzlm_n acnp InS- p- t m \_n(- k z) At- l - ns
apJw Xpdv ImWp-Ibpw Npw_n-p-Ibpw Io s]mgn-p-I-bp-
ap-mbn (Xpap-Zn). acn--hsc kvt\lm-[n-Iy-m Npw_n-
A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sWv CXn \np a\-n-em-mw.
a- Ah- e w- _ n- pI
ASp _p-an-{Xm-Zn-I Bsc-nepw acnp Fv tIp-
tm--tgpw sh{]m-fhpw thh-em-Xnbpw ImWn-p ]Xnhv \-
fn- s em- s - b p- v . \mw hf- s c- t bsd kv t \ln- p- - h , \apv
th- s -- - h , Xmpw XW- e p- a mbn hn- - h XpS- n- b - h -
scms \-tmSv hnS-]-d-bp-tm Xo-bmbpw a\v s\m-c-s-
Spw. IZ-\-`m--c-m incv Xmgvpw. Ccw k`--fn hf-
sc-tbsd hn-thIw ]pem {ian-t--Xp-v. AXoh am-ep-
-fm-tI L--am-Wn-Xv. Amlp krjvSnXv Ah Xncn-s-Sp-p-
tm am-]q-hw hn-m \apv Ign-b-Ww. Ccw \jvS-
-fp-m-Ip-tm- kwb-a-\-a-h-ew-_n-p--hv ktm-j-hm
Adn-bn-m- Izp-B (2: 155157) \ntZ-in-p-p. IqSmsX
Cm enmln h-C-m Csseln dmPn-Du (R- Am-lp-hn-
\phcm-Wv. A-h--tep Xs aS-p--h-cp-am-Wv) Fv ]d-b-
W-sa-p-IqSn D]-tZ--in-p-p. Acw a\p-jyv Ahs Imcp-
Wyhp A\p- { K- l - h pw hjn- p- s apw Ah- c mWv bYmY- n
kmKw {]m-]n--h-scpw ]Tn-n-p-p. Dp-k-e-a-bn \np
dntm-\p-k-cnv Am-lpth Fs _pn-ap-n \o F\nv c-
\Ip-Ibpw C-Xn-t\-m sasXv ]Icw \evIp-Ibpw sNt-
Wta (ap-kvenw) F-p-IqSn {]mYn-W-sa-p-v. kzw a acn-
-Xns t]-cn a-b-h-ew-_n-p amXm-]n-Xm-v AXn-a-l-
mb {]Xn-^-ew hmKvZm-\w sNp [mcmfw \_n-h-N-\--fp-v.
\_n(-kz) ]d--p: GsX-n-epw Hcp kv{Xo Ah-fpsS aqv a
acn--Xns t]-cn a-b-h-ew-_n-m Ah Ahv \c-I-n
\nsmcp a-d-bmbn hn-pw. Atm kv{Xo tNmZn-p: cp-t]-
cm-sW-n-tem. dkq ]d-p, cp-t]-cm-bmepw (_p-Jm-cn). asmcp
\_n-h-N\w At-bw Bizm-k-Zm-b-I-am-Wv. \_n(-kz) ]d-p:
{]mb-]q-n-sb-m aqp-a-- arXn-b-S-bp--G-sXmcp apkvenw
amXm-]n--Xm-pw Am-lp-hn-s Imcp-Wy-m Ah aptJ\
kzK{]-thiw e`n-m-Xn-cn-n-. Atlw XpSp: Ah kzK-
I-hm--S--fn-em-bn-cn-pw. A-tm- - Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-Spw. \n
kzK-n- {]th-in-tm-fq. Ah ]d-bpw: R-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-
F-n-t-cs Atm Ah-tcmSv ]d-b-s-Spw: \nfpw \n-
fpsS am-Xm-]n-Xm-fpw Am-lp-hns Imcp-Wy-m kzK-n
{]th-in-psIm-pI. (\km-Cu, ss_l-Jn)
acWw Adn-bn-epw ad-hp-sN-epw

ac-W-hm ASp _p-an-{Xm-Zn-I-sf-sbms Adn-bn-p-
Xv Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-n-p-v. anv kwkvI-c-W-n ]p-
tN-cm B{K-ln-p--hsc Adn-bn-p-I-Xs thWw. akvPn-Zp-
-_hn ASn-p-hm-cn-bn-cp Hcp kv{Xo acn--tm "\n-sft
Fs B Imcyw Adn- b n- n- ' Fv \_n(- k z) tNmZn- p- I - b p-
mbn (_p-Jm-cn). FtXym]y-bnse(A-_vko-\n-b) N{I-hn-bm-
bn-cp \min(t\-K-kv) ac-W-s hnhcw \_n(-kz) kzlm-_n-
Isf Adn-bn-p-Ibpw Ah-scbpw Iqn At-l-n\v anv \a-
kvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp(_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw). AXpt]mse-s
aqAv X z bp- n c- k m- nXzw hcn sskZnsbpw(d)-
acWhm IcpsImv Ahn-Spv kzlm-_n-Isf Adn-bn--
Xmbn A\-kn\nv(-d)- D-cn-p-p. ac-W-a-dn-bn-p--hv an-
n\pthn {]mYn-m Bh-iy-s-Sp-Ibpw sNmw. \m-
in- b psS ac- W - h m Adn- b - n p- s Imv \n- f psS ktlm- Z - c \p
thn \n ]m]-tam-N-\-n\v AYn-p-hn Fv \_n(-kz)
]d- b p- I - b p- m- b n. Fm ac- W - h m Adn- b n- m thn
Pmln-en-m-Im-ev \ne-\n-n-cp k{-Zmbw ]np-S-cp--Xns\
\_n(-kz) hntcm-[n-p-I-bpmbn. hoSp-I-fpsS apnepw Am-Sn-
bnepw sXcp- h p- I - f n- e p- s amw \nv D- n B- - l - k n- p-
Ibpw an- ns kv X pXn- I o- \ - ]mSn- p- I - g v pIbpw
Ah-cpsS hntbm-K-m tijn--h \in-p-t]mbn Fv ]dv
hne-]n-p-Ibpw sNp k{-Zm-b-am-W-Xv. Ccw ac-W-a-dn-bn-
\_n(kz) hntcm-[n-n-p-sv lpssZ-^(-d) ]d-bp-p(Xpap-
Zn). Cu ]cn-jvIrX bpK-nepw ac-W-hm-bp-ambn hcphv
]e Hu]-Nm-cn-I-X-Ifpw Hcp-p k{-Zmbw Nne-bn-S--fn-sems
\ne-\np-p. Ahn-sS-bp-apv NS-p-I. CsXms Pmln-
en--ns hI-t`-Z- am{X-am-Wv.
thK- n adhp sNWw

arX- t Zlw Xma- k n- n- msX Ign- b p- Xpw thK- n adhp
sNt--Xm-Wv. ka-b-am-bm \a-kvIm-chpw acWw kw`-hn-m
tij- { In- b bpw tbmPn CWsb Is- n- b m hnhm- l hpw
]nn-cn--cp-sXp \_n(-kz) D]-tZ-in--Xmbn Aen(-d) ]d-bp-p.
(A-lva-Zv Xpap-Zn). asm-cn- dkq(-kz) ]d-p: hfsc thK-
n Imcy--sfmw \nhln--Ww. Hcp apkvenans arX-tZlw
Xs IpSpw-_-n-S-bn shv Xma-kn-n-p-Xv Xosc `qj-
W-a-(A-_qZm-hq-Zv).
anv Ipfn-n-
Hcp apkv e nw ac- W aSm B an- ns\ Ipfn- n- - W w.
Hpw Ime- X m- a kw hcp- msX Ign- b p- Xpw thKw Ipfn- n- p-
Ibpw XpS Ia- \nhln- p- I bpw sNt- - X m- W v .
Fm c- k m- n- I sf Ipfn- n- p- I - t bm Ahpthn \a-
kvI-cn-p-Itbm sNt--Xn-. cw ]pc hkv-{X-n Xs
Ahsc Iz_-d-S-t--Xm-Wv. Iznbm-av \mfn Ah ]p\-sc-gp-
t]n--s-Sp-tm Ah-cpsS apdn-m-Sp-I-fn \nv cw Hgp-
In-sm-n-cn-pw. AXns \ndw c-hWw Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
]s AXns hmk\ kpK-apXm-bn-cn-pw. (H-n-e-[nIw
\_n-h-N-\--fn \ap-nXv ImWmw).
Ipfn- n- t - - X v Bcv ?
]pcp-js\ ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xosb kv{Xobp-amWv Ipfn-n-t--
Xv. Fm `mcym-`m-mv At\ym\yw Ipfn-n-m-hp--
Xm-Wv. BC-i-(-d)]d-bpp: _Izo-C Hcp arX-tZlw kwkvI-cn-
-tijw dkq(-kz) Xncn-s-n. Rm Xe-th-Z\ A\p-`-h-s-v,
lm Fs Xe! Fv ]d-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Atm
\_n(-kz)-]-d-p: Fsbpw Xe thZ-\n-p-p. Fs apv \o
acn-m Rm Xs \ns Ipfn-n-p-Ibpw I^ sNp-Ibpw
\n\v thn \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw \ns ad-am-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm
\n\-smcp tZmjhpw hcm-\n- (A-lvaZv, C_v\p-am-P). BC-i(-d)
]d-bp-p: F\np ]noSv a\-n-em-bXv t\cs Adn-bp-am-bn-
cp- s - n \_nsb(- k z) Ahn- S ps `mcy- a m- c - msX Ipfn- n- p-
am-bn-cp-n- (C-_v\p-am-P). A_q-_-Ivdns\(-d) Ipfn-n-Xv At-
l- ns `mcybpw {]hm- N I ]p{Xn ^mXzn- a sb(- d ) Ipfn- n- Xv
`mhv Aen(d)-bp-am-bn-cp-p. (ss\-ep HuXzm 4:24). Ipfn-
n--en\v t\XrXzw \tI-Xv AXn\v Ign-hp--hcpw AXns
acym-Z-I-sfmw Adn-bp--hcpw an-n-t\mSv Ghpw ASp--h-cp-

am-Wv. Aen(-d) ]d-bp-p: \_nsb(-kz) Rm Ipfn-n-p. Rm
At-ls t\mn. an-n ImWp--sXmpw B Xncp-tZ-l-
n In-. Atlw Pohn-X-nepw ac-W-nepw ]cn-ip--\m-
bn- c p- p. (C- _ v \ p- a m- P ). \_n(- k z) Acp- f n- b - X mbn BC- i (- d )
{]kv X m- h n- p- p. an- ns Ghpw ASp BfmWv AXv
\nhln- t - - X v . Abm- d n- b p- s a- n, Cs- n \n- f n
kqva-Xbpw hniz-kvX-X-bp-ap Bfm-bn-cn--Ww(-A-lva-Zv). Cu
Imcyw th-Xp-t]mse \psS kap-Zmbw {in-m-dn-. kzw
D- b p- s Sbpw D- b p- s Sbpw arX- t Zlw ap- - h sc Ipfn- n- m- t \-
ev]nv am\y-m-cmbn amdn-\np- kz`m-h-amWv ImWm-dp--Xv.
anv Ipfn- n- p- - h an- ns cl- k y- ad- p- s h- p-
Ibpw A\n-jvS-I-c-amb hXpw Im ap--h-tcmSv ]d-bm-Xn-cn-
p-Ibpw thWw. Bsc-nepw Hcp apkvenans\ Ipfn-n-p-Ibpw
Ahs cl-ky- ad-p-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Ahs ]m]-
Amlp \mev ] Xv {]mhiyw s]mdpp sImSp- p- - X mWv
(lm-nw).
Ipfn- n- t cq]w
]ecpw [cn-n-p-Xv t]mse A{Xsbmpw {]bm-k-ap Hcp
Imcy-a anv Ipfn-n-. hniz-kvX-Xbpw kqva-Xm-t_m-[-
hp-ap GsXm-cmpw CXv sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. CXv Fm-hpw
\nhln- m ]m Ftm Hcp `mcn Imcy- a m- s Wv [cnv
\nnX Bmsc am{Xw Gev]n-p kz`mhw ]e-bn-S-p-ap-v.
AXpsImv Xs Abm- f psS kuI- c yhpw apw ]cn- K - W nv
P\mk kwkvI-cWw sshIm-dp-v. P\m-_-p-Im-cm-bmepw EXp-
a-Xn-I-fm-bmepw tZl-am-k-Iew hrn-bm-Ip cq]-n-ep Hcp
Ipfn am{Xta \n_--ap-q. Ipfn-n-p-t-Sv Bh-iy-ap--h
am{Xta \nm ]mSp- q. Ipfn- n- p- t mgpw an- n- s \
t\cnb hkv { X- a nv aqtS- - X m- W v . \_nsb(- k z) At- l - ns
hkv { X- n Xs- b m- b n- c pp Ipfn- n- n- c p- - X v ( A- _ qZm- h q- Z v ) .
hkv{X-n\v Xmsg ssIbn-p-thWw Bh-iy-amb e- Igp-
Im. sNfnbpw apw sXdn-m-Xn-cn-m an-ns\ In-en InS-
p--XmWv \Xv. Ipfn-ap-dn-bn-em-bm kuI-cy-am-bn. ]noSv an-
ns\ Xmn-bn-cpn hb-v XShn amen-\y- ]pdpIf-
b-Ww. ASpv \np--h sh-sam-gnv DS-s\-s AXv
ipn-bm--Ww. I^ sNp-tm amen-\y- ]pdv hcm-Xn-
cn- m thn- b m- W n- X v . tijw CS- X p- s sI- b n XpWn- N pn an-
ns Kply- m- \ - - s fmw ipNn- b m- - W w. XpSv ]qW

cq]-n Hcp hpZzp FSpv sImSp-p-I. aI ssk\-_sb(-d)
Ipfn- n- p kv { X- o ItfmSv \_n(kz) ]d- p: Ah- f psS hpZp-
hns m\- fpw he- X p- ` m- K - fpw sImv \n- f m- c w- ` n- p-
I(_p-Jmcn, apkvenw). CXv hpZzp FSp-m-\p Iev]-\-b-spw
Ipfn- n- Bcw- ` n- t Xv hpZzp- h ns Ah- b - h - Igp- I n-
sIm-m-bn-cn-Ws-apamsWv A`n-{]m-b-s ]WvUn-Xm-cp-ap-
v.
{in- t Imcy-
Ipfn-n-p-tm Xmsg ]d-bp Imcy- {]tXyIw {in-
t--Xm-Wv. 1. Ipfn-n-p--h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-a-\p-k-cnv aqtm
AXn-e-[n-Itam {]mhiyw sh-sam-gnv Igp-Ip-I. 2. aqn-e-[nIw
F{X-bm-bmepw H-bmbn Ah-km-\n-n-p-I. 3. sh-ns IqsS
Xmfntbm tkmtm ap hkvXp-tfm D]-tbm-Kn-p-I. 4. Ah-km-
\s Igp-I-en kpK-{Z-hy- D]-tbm-Kn-p-I. Iq-c-amWv
D- a w. 5. saSn apSn sI- g n- p- I bpw hrn- b mbn Igp- I p-
Ibpw sNp- I . 6. apSnbpw XmSnbpw \mbn NoIn- s h- p- I . 7.
kv{XoI-fpsS apSn NoIn aqv `mK-ambn saSv ]ntmv Xmgvn-
bn- S p- I . 8. Ipfn- n- - e ns XpSw an- ns he- X p- ` m- K v
\nm- b n- c n- p- I . {]kv X pX Imcy- - s fmw Xs hni- Z - a m- p
Hcp kw`hw Dp-A-Xzn--bn \np--cn--s-n-p-v. {]hm-N-I-
]p{Xn ssk\- _ v ( - d ) acn- - t m Atlw R- f psS ASp-
hp. Ahsf aqtm Atm Gtgm AXn- e - [ n- I tam {]mhiyw
Ipfn- n- p- I ; thW- s a- psn. Rm tNmZn- p: H- b m- b n-
mtWm? AtX- s bv \_n(- k z) adp- ] Sn ]d- p. Ah- k m\w
AXn Iq-c-w D-]-tbm-Kn--Ww. AXv Ign-m \n-sfs
hnfn-q. Ign--tm R hnfnp. Atm-g-tlw Hcp XpWn
Xp-sImv ]d-p: CXp sIm-hsf DSp-n-p-I. DpAXzn
]d- b p- p: R- f - h - f psS apSn sI- g nv hrn- b mbn Igp- I n.
aq[mhpw Xmgv-`m-K-hp-samw aqv`mK-amn ]ntmv saS-n-p.
\_n(-kz) R-tfmSv ]d-p. Ah-fpsS he-Xp-`m-K- sImpw
hpZzq- C s Ah- b - h - sImpw Bcw- ` n- p- I . (_p- J m- c n,
apkvenw). Ipfn-n- Ignv I^]p-Sh AWn-bn-p--Xn\p
apmbn h amen-\y-fpw ]pd-p-h-m hopw Ipfn-n-tWm
hpZzq aXntbm F-Xn-sems ]WvUnXmn-S-bn A`n-{]m-b-
hy-Xym-k-ap-v. Fmw Ignv t\cnb appsImv shw ico-
c- n \nv Hn- s b- S p- - W w. an- ns \Jw apdn- p- I tbm
apSnbpw XmSn-bp-sams shn--f-bp-Itbm sN-cp-sX-mWv `qcn-

]w ]WvUXm-cpsSbpw A`n-{]m-bw. Fm C_v\p-lkw-(-
d) AX-\p-h-Zn-n-p-v. (^nIzvlpp-). anv Ipfn-n-p--h
an-n-s\-n \Xv am{Xta ]d-bm-hq. A\n-jvS-I-c-amb hXpw
Im AXv adp]nSn- m {]tXyIw {in- - W w. hnizm- k n-
bpsS cl- k y- kqn- p- I bpw ad- p- s h- p- I bpw sNp- -
hs cl-ky- Cl-nepw ]c-nepw Amlp kqn-p-
sav \_n(-kz) ]d-n-p-v(ap-kvenw). anv kwkvI-cW ]cn-
]m- S n- I - f n ]s- S p- p- - h ùXnI t\- tfm an- ns
_p--fpsS \n-hmtm atm {]Xo-n--cp-Xv. XnI Dt-iy-
ip-n-bp-s-nte ]S--hs ] \nv CXn-s\mw ]pWyw e`n-
p- I - b p- q. \_n(kz) ]d- b p- p: Bsc- nepw ]c- t em- I - t -
p Hcp {]h\w Zp\n-bm-hn\v thn sNbvXm Ahv ]c-
tem-I-smpw e`n-p-I-bn- (A-lva-Zv).
Ipfn- n- - h Ipfn-
anv Ipfn-n--h Ipfn-pXpw Npap sImv t]mIp-
- h hpZzp FSp- p- Xpw kp- m- W v . \_n(- k z) ]d- b p- p:
anv Ipfn-n--h Ipfn--s. Npa--h hpZzpshSp-p-Ibpw
sN-s. (A-_qZm-hq-Zv). Cu lZo-kn\v Zp_-eX Btcm-]n-n-p-s-
nepw CXns Nne ]c--c-I apkvenans \n_--\-b-\p-k-cnv
kzlo-lm-sWv kp{]-kn lZokv ]WvUnX-\mb \mkzn-dp-o
A_m\n A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. (A-lvIm-aq P\m-C-kv. t]Pv,53)
Cu Iev ] \ kpv am{X- t a- b p- qshv C_v \ pDa- d ns(- d )
dntmn \np hy-am-Wv. R anv Ipfn-n-m R-
fn Ipfn-p--hcpw Cm--hcpw Dm-Im-dp-v. (Zm-dq-JpXzv\n).
I^ sN
an- ns tZl- a m- k - I ew ad- b p Hcp hkv { Xw sImv
I^ sNt--Xm-Wv (s]m-Xn-tb--Xm-Wv). DlvZv bp-n apkzv-
A_v _ v \ p Dssa(- d ) sIme- s N- - s - - t m At- l s I^
sNm Hcp hkv { Xw am{Xta Dm- b n- c p- pq. Xe ad- m
Ima- d - b m- , Im ad- m Xe- a - d - b m Hcp hkv { Xw am{Xw.
Atm \_n(kz), Xe- a-d-bvm\pw Imen CZvJ ]pn-Sm\pw
Iev ] n- p- I - b mbn- c pp. (_p- J m- c n). Pohn- X - I m- e v [cn- m
A\p- h - Z n hkv { Xw am{Xta Chn- s Sbpw A\p- h - Z n- - s - n- p- q.
ln\v Clv d mw sInb hyn acn- m At- l s [cn
hkv { X- n Xs I^ sNt- - X m- W v . Xe ad- b v p- I tbm
kpK--ap-]-tbm-Kn-p-Itbm sN-cp-Xv. C_v\pAm-kn\n-v(-
d) D-cn-p Hcp lZokv ImWp-I. ln\v Clvdmw sInb Hcp
a\p-jy Ad-^-bn \np-tm Xs hml-\-p-dp \nv
Xmsg- h oWv acn- p. Atm \_n(- k z) \ntZin- p. shhpw
Xmfn- b p- a p- ] - t bm- K nv At- l s Ipfn- n- p- I . At- l - ns
cp-h-kv{X-n Xs I^ sNp-I. kpK--ap-]-tbm-Kn-p-
Itbm Xe ad-bvp-Itbm sN-cp-Xv. At-ls Am-lp- Izn-bm-
av \mfn X_n-bv sNp--h-\mbn Dbns-gptev]np-
-Xm-Wv. (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw). Ckvem-an\p thn c-km-nXzw
hcn- - h sc Ah- c psS hkv { X- n Xs I^sNbv X v Iz_v d - S -
t--Xm-Wv. Fm DlvZv bp-n c-km-nXzw hcn
aqkzvA_p_v\p Dssadns(-d) Imcy-n sNbvX-Xp-t]mse AXn-
\p-aosX asmcp hkv{Xw sImv s]mXn-bp--Xp-sImv hntcm-[-
sam- p- a n- . hfsc apn- b Xpw XmW- X p- a - m anXamb \ne- b n-
ep hkv{X-amWv D-aw. hrn-bp Hcp hkv{Xw-sImv tZl-
am-k-Iew s]mXn-bpI am{Xta \n_--ap-q. \_nbn\nv(-kz)-
Aen(-d) D-cn-p-p. I^]p-Sh \n hfsc hne-]n-Sn--Xm-
- c p- X v . ImcWw AXv thK- n {Zhn- p- t ]m- I m- \ p- - X m-

Wv(A_qZm-hq-Zv). AXv sh-bm-bn-cn-p--Xm-Wv Daw \_n(-
kz) ]d- p: \n- f psS hkv { X- - f n \nv \n sh
hkv{Xw [cn-p-I. AXmWv hkv{X--fn D-a-am-b-Xv. \n-
fn \nv acn- p- - h sc AXn I^ sNbv X p- s Im- p- I . (A-
lv a Zv ) . ]g- b - X p- s - n Aen AXn I^ sNp- I - b mWv
th-Xv. A_p-_-Iv(-d) tcmKn-bmbn InS-p-tm Atlw ]gb
hkv{Xw Aen AXn Xs I^ sNm \ntZ-in-p-I-bp-
mbn. CXv ]g-b-XmWtm Fv ]p{Xn BC-i(d) tNmZn-tm
Atlw adp-]Sn ]d-p: Pohn-n-cn-p--h-cmWv acn--h-scm
]pXnb hkv { X- n\v Al- c m- b - h . ImcWw CXv Agpv ]pc-
fm-\p--Xm-Wv.(-_p-Jm-cn) arX-tZ-l-n\pw I^]p-S-hpw kqK-
-ap-]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv kp-m-Wv. \_n(kz) ]d-bp-p: arX-tZ-
l-n\v \n kpKw ]pI-n-p--Xm-bm aqp {]mhiyw
]pI- n- p- I . (A- l v a - Z v ) aqv hkv { X- I^ sNp- - X mWv
AXns ]qW- c q- ] w. BC- i (- d ) {]kv X m- h n- p- p. shfp- ,
hrn-bp-, ba-\n \nan--s ]pXnb aqv hkv{X--fn-emWv
dkq(- k z) I^ sNbv X - X v . AXn Ipm- b tam Xe- mthm
Dm- b n- c p- n- . AXn Atlw \\ne- b n s]mXn- b - s - p.
(_p- J m- c n, apkvenw). an- ns Iv , aqv , sNhn, hmb apX-
emb apgp-h Zzmc-fnepw kpPq- Zns Ah-b-h--fnepw hnc-ep-
In- S - b n- e p- s ams ]cp- n- s h- p Hcp kz`m- h - a pv .
Fm CXnv sXfn-shm-p-an-. kv{XoIsf Av hkv{X-n-
emWv I^ sNt--Xv. Cu hnj-b-I-ambn h dntmn-Xm-Wv.
sseem- _ nXv Jm\n- ^ n- - J v ^ n- (d) {]kv X m- h n- p- p. {]hm- N -
I-]p{Xn Dp-Ipkqans\(-d)Ipfn-n Iq-n Rm\p-ap-m-bn-
cp-p. dkq (kz) BZyw Rv Ac-bp-Sppw ]ns Ipm-
bhpw ]ns apJ- a - - \ bpw ]ns Hcp ]pXpw \In.
AXn\ptijw asmcp hkv { X- n s]mXn- b - s - S p- I bpw
sNbv X p.Ah XpSp ]d- p. dkq(- kz) hmXn Ah-
cpsS I^]p-S-h-bp-ambn \np-p-m-bn-cp-p. Hmtcm hkv{X-
-fmbn Rv \In-sm-n-cp-p(A-lvaZv,- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv).
Cudn- t mn\v Nne \yq\- X - I - f p- s - nepw C_v \ q- l n- m CXv
kzoIm-cy-tbm-Ky-am-sWv A`n-{]m-b-s-n-p-v. (ss\-eq HuXm
4:34) CtX hnj-b-n Dp-A-Xzn-bn \nv(d) asmcp dntmp-
v. AXns ]c-c kzlo-lm-sWv C_v\p-l-P (d) A`n-{]m-b-
s-Sp-p. IqSm-sX, ASn-h-kv{X-n\v Xmsg-bmbn XpS-tbmSv tNv
\np--XmWv Am-as hkv{X-sa lks(-d) A`n-{]mbw

D-cn-p-p-v.
apJ-s-gpv
apJ- s - g p- s Hc- \ m- N mcw ]e- b n- S - - f nepw \S- p- Xv
ImWmw. ZpB- I fpw ]Zy- fpw FgpXn I^Xp- W n- b n shv
Iz_vdn shp--Xn-\mWv apJ-s-gp-sv km[m-cW ]d-bm-
dp--Xv. Ccw Hcp Ia-n\v Ckvem-an bmsXmcp sXfn-hp-an-
. acn a\p-jy\v \n`-bXzw e`n-m\pw ap-amWv CsX-gp-Xn-sh-
p-sXv ]d-b-s-Spp. CXv {]hm-N-I Hcn-epw ]Tn-n-n-
n-. AXpsImv Xs apkvenw-I-Xv A-\p-tbm-Py-hp-a-. Nne
{]tXy-I-Xcw ZpB-I FgpXn Ipn-bn `{Z-ambn ASv I^Xp-
Wn- b ntem Iz_m- d ntem shp- p. AXpsImv ae- p- I - f psS
tNmZy-n \npw Iz_vdnse in-bn \npw tamN\w e`n-p-
sa-mWv hnizmkw. Ccw ]e ZpB-Ifpw B[n-Im-cn-Ia-m
^nIzv l v InXm- _ p- I - f n D- c n- - s - n- p- v . AXn- s \mpw aX-
n bmsXm-c-Sn-m-\-hp-an-. Izq-B-\nepw kp-nepw \ntZ-
in- m Hcp - I mcyw \- X m- s W cq]- n {]hn- m
Amlp \apv A\p- h mZw Xn- n- . \_n(kz) ]d- b p- p.
\psS Cu aX- I m- c y- n, AXn- e n- m- Xv Bsc- nepw ]pXp-
Xmbn Dm-n-bm AXv X-s-tS--Xm-Wv. (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)
P\mk sImp-t]m-I
ac- W - s hyn C\n Hcn- epw Xncn- p- h - c m cq]- n
Fs- t - p- a mbn bm{X- b m- h p- I - b m- W v . AXn- \ m At- l s
DNn-X-amb cq]-n bm{X-b-b-m thn-bmWv D-hcpw DS-b-
hcpw _p-an-{Xm-Zn-I-fp-samw Hcp-an-p-Iq-Sp--Xv. Ghpw DNn-X-
amb cq]- n bm{X- b - b - p- I - s b- p- - X m- W v \ap- - v sNm
Ign-bp tkh-\w. km[mcW bm{X-I-fn t]mepw IqsS-tm-Ip-
Xv kp-m-Wv. Ay-bm-{X-bn bm{X-b-b-m IqsS t]mIp-
Xv apkven-ans IS-a-bm-bn-mWv dkq(-kz) ]Tn-n-n-p--Xv. Hcp
apkven asmcp apkvenan-t\mSv \nh-ln-t _m[y-X-I hnh-
cn Iq-n ]Tn-n-XmWv. Ahs P\m-ksb A\p-K-an-pI
FXv ( _pJm- c n) asm- c n- dkq(- k z) ]d- p: \n
tcmKnsb kin- p- I , P\m- k sb A\p- K - a n- p- I . AXv
\nv ]c-tem-I-t_m-[-ap-m-pw.(C-_v\p-ln-m) P\m-ksb
A\p-K-an-p--Xn\v al-mb {]Xn-^-e-amWv hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-
p-Xv. cv cq]-n-ep A\p-K-a\w ]Tn-n--s-n-cn-p-p. Hv
hon \nv \a-kvImcw hsc-bpw, cv hon \nv ad-am-Sp-Xv
hsc-bpw. CXn cm-aXp ]d--XnmWv IqSp-X ]pWyhpw
{]Xn-ê-hpw hmKvZm\w sN-s-n-p--Xv. A_q-lq-d-bvdbn\nv(-
d)- _pJm-cnbpw apw D-cn-p-p: ""]pWyw {]Xo-n-p-sImv
\a- k v I - c n- p- Xv h sc Bsc- nepw P\m- k sb A\p- K - a n- m
Ah\v Hcp IzodmXz Iqen-bp-v. ad-am-Sp-Xv hsc ]s-Sp-m
Ah\v cp Izodm-Xp-I-fp-ap-v. Atm dkq-en-t\mSv tNmZn-p:
FmWv cv Izodm-Xp-I? Atlw {]Xn-h-Nn-p: ""cv henb
ae-bpsS A{X-bm-Wv.'' C_v\p-D-a(-d) \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw ]ncn-bp-
I- b p- a mWv sNbv X n- c p- X v . Cu {]Xn- ^ - e - s - n A_q- l p- d - b v d -
bn \nv tI-Xp-ap-X P\m-ksb A\p-K-an-p--Xn Atlw
henb ipjvImn ImWn-n-cp-p. Atlw ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv: \mw
[mcmfw Izodm-Xp-I \jvS-s-Sp-n-btm.(^-Xvlp_m-cn) P\mk

Ign- b pw- t h- K - n sImp- t ]mbn ad- a m- t S- m- W v . AXmWv
dkqens(kz) amXr- I . dkq (kz) ]d- b p- I - b p- m- b n: ]pWy-
hm-\m-sW-n At-l-n\v Xs {]Xn-êw thK-n A\p-`-
hn-m-\p kuIcyw e`n-p-p. ]m]n-bm-sW-n Ahs `mcw
\psS Npa- e n \nv Hgn- h m- p- - X p- a m- s Wv (_p- J m- c n,
apkv e nw). P\m- k - s b A\p- K - a n- p- - h v AXns apnepw
]nnepw heXpw CS-Xp-samw \S-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm hml-
\-n bm{X-sN-p--h ]nn am{Xta A\p-K-an-m-hp \_n(-
kz) ]d-bp-p: hml-\-m-c P\m-k-bpsS ]nn-epw, \S-p-h
Ah- \ p- t - i n- p `mKpw \S- m- h p- - X m- W v ( A- _ qZm- h q- Z v ) .
]s t{ijvS-X \S--em-Wv. \_n(kz) km[m-cW sNbvXn-cp-Xv
As\- b m- b n- c p- p. am{X- a . hml- \ - n Ib- d p- - X n\v
Btlw hnk- Xn- p- I - b p- m- b n- p- v . (A- _ q- Z m- h q- Z v )
\_nbpw(kz) A_q- _ - I v d pw(d) Dadpw(- d ) P\m- k bpsS apnepw
]nnepw \S-m-dp-m-bn-cp-p.(Xz-lm-hn) Fm \n A\p-
K-anpI F Iev]-\-bpsS ASn-m-\-n ]npS-cp--XmWv
D- a - s av ]Wv U n- X - m A`n- { ]m- b - s - S p- p. k- v { XoI P\m-
ksb A\p- K - a n- p- - X ns\ {]hm- N - I \ncp- m- l - s - S p- p- I -
bmWv sNbvX-Xv. dkq(kz) R-tfmSv P\m-ksb A\p-K-an-p-
Xv hne-n-bn-cp--p. ]s, B hnev Ii-\-am-bn-cp-n- Fv
DpAXzn-bn\nv(-d)- _pJmcn dntmv sNp-p. P\m-ksb
Npa-en-ten sImp-t]m-Ip cq]-amWv dntmv sN-s-n-p--
Xv. Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw Bfp-I tNv Npa-p-sImv t]mtI-
-XmWv(_pJm-cn). Av ]menv Cu cwK-p-\nv amdn-\np-
Xv \-Xsv am{X-a-, Npa-p-sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sfbpw apw Gev]n-
p-Xv Gsd tJZ-I-c-hpam-Wv.
P\m- k - b psS IqsS hntcm- [ n- - s - Xv
P\m-ksb A\p-K-an-p--h Nne {]tXyI Imcy- {in-
t- - X p- v . aX- a - \ p- h - Z n- n- n- m Hcp Imcyhpw \mw AhnsS
sN-cp-Xv. i_vZ-ap-m-p-Xpw Xo IqsS sImpt]mIp-Xpw
\_n(-kz) Ii-\-ambn hne-n-bn-p-v. Ahn-Sp ]d-p: P\m-
k- b psS IqsS i_v Z hpw Xobpw sImv \n ]np- S - c cp-
Xv.(A_q-Zm-hq-Zv) CsXmw Pmln-enm Imes k{-Zm-b--fm-bn-
cp-p. P\m-ksb A\p-K-an-p--h\v ]c-temI t_m[-ap-m-Ip-
sav dkq(-kz) ]Tn-n-p. Cu XXz-tm-S-\p-tbm-Py-ambXv au\-
ambn AXns\ A\p-K-an--em-Wv. ]cn-]qW \n_vZ-X-bmWv Cu
L-n Bh-iyw. Fm ]e-bn-Spw Cu Iev]-\-s-Xn-cm-

bmWv {]hn-pImWp-Xv. im-Kw-ò-c-am-bn-cn-t cwKv
shSn-]-d-nepw Gj-Wn-bp-samw \ncm-t]w \S-p-p. Acw
A\m- h iy kwkm- c - Hgn- h m- m- s \ \ymtb\ Xlv e o
sNmp Hcp A\m-Nmcw \psS \mn \S-p-v. Hcp sXns\
asmcp sXp- s Imv Xncp- m km[y- a - - t m. im^nCu a-
Zv l _n t]mepw an- ns IqsS D- n ZnIv d v sNmp- Xv
hntcm- [ n- n- p- v . AXnse B[n- I m- c nI ]Wv U n- X - \ mb Camw
\hhn(d) ]d- b p- Xv t\mpI. Adn- b pI! icnbpw {]_- e hpw
]qhn-I A\p-hn-Xpw anns IqsS t]mIp-tm anm-
Xn-cn--em-Wv. Izp-B ]mcm-bWw sImtm ZnIvdv sImtm atm
i_vZ-ap-bm ]mSp--X-. AXn AS-n-bn-cn-p s]mcp
Fs- - s . P\m- k - t bmSv _- s Imcy- - f n Nnsb
HXpn\nm\pw a\-n\v imn e`n-m\pw AXmWv \-Xv. Cu
k`-n AXm-Wtm Bh-iyw. CXmWv kXyw. CXn-s-Xncv
{]hn-p--h-cpsS B[nIyw \ns hn-m-Xn-cn--s. (A-
A-ZvIm t]Pv: 203) im^nCu aZvl-_nse B[n-Im-cnI {K--fn-
semw Xs Cu Imcyw hy-am-n-bn-p-v. ]s im^nCu
aZv-l-_pIm-cm-sWv ]d-bp ]WvUn-X-m-cpsS AI--Sn-tbmSpw
A\p-a-Xn-tbmSpw IqSnbmWv CsXmw \S-m-dp--sX-Xv hfsc
ZpxJ-I-c-am-Wv. an-ns IqsS t]mIp-tm Izp-B ]mcm-
b- W hpw ZnIv d pw t]mse- s kzemv sNmpXpw shdp- -
s Imcy-am-bmWv im^nCu aZv-l-_nse {K--fn (Izbq_n
1,37, Xplv^ 3:87 aln 1:347) Xs hy-am-p--Xv. P\m-k-bpsS
IqsS t]mIp--h AXv Xmsg Cdnshp--Xn\p apmbn Ccn-
p- Xv \_n(- k z) hntcm- [ n- n- pv (_p- J m- c n, apkv e nw) au\w
`Rv P n- p- - X n\v Imc- W - a m- I p _l- f - - s fm- p- a pmmsX
am\y- a mb cq]- n AXv Xmsg shv ad- a m- S m th klm- b -
-sfmw sNp-I-bmWv th-Xv.
P\m- k - I m- W p- t m Fgp- t
P\mk sImp- t ]m- I p- Xv ImWp- t m Fgp- t p
\n kp-ptm F Imcy-n ]WvUnXmn-S-bn
A`n-{]mb`nX \ne-\np-p. Fgp-tp \n kp-p-
sv ]d-bp--h-\p-Iq-e-amb dntmp-I ImWp-I: \n
P\mk ImWp-tm AXv \n-fn \nv Ignp t]mhp-Itbm
Cd- n- s h- - s - S p- I tbm sNpXv hsc Fgp- t p \nev - W w.
(_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw) Aap-kvenan-t-Xm-bmepw Fgp-tv \nt-
-Xm-Wv. Hcp PqXs P\mk IS-p-t]m-b-tm \_n(-kz) Fgp-

t-p-\n-p. DSs\ kzlm--_n-Ifpw As\ sNbvXp. A\-cw
AsXmcp PqX- t - X m- W tm Fv Btcm ]d- - t m, PqX\pw
a\p- j y- \ - t - s bv \_n(- k z) {]Xyp- cw \In (_- p Jm- c n,
apkvenw). ùXnI Pohn-X-ns An-a-L--amb ac-W-n-Xn- I-
npw AXn-s\-p-dnv Nnn-m-sX, A{i--\m-bn-cn--cp-sX-mWv
{]hm-NI Iev]-\-bpsS s]mcp-sfv a\-n-em-mw. Fm, Aen-
bn\nv(-d) Camw AlvaZv(-d) D-cn-p-p: \_n(-kz) R-tfmSv
P\mk ImWp-tm Fgp-tm Iev]n-p. ]noSv Atlw
Ccn-p-Ibpw R-tfmSv Ccn-m Iev]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu
Bi- b - n Xs thsdbpw dntmp- I - f p- v . AXn- \ m ]e
]WvUn-X-mcpw Fgp-tm-\p Iev]\ Zp_-e-s-Sp-n-bn-
p-sv A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. B[p-\nI ]WvUn-X-\mb A_m\n
Zp_-e-s-Sp-n-sb ]-m-Wv. apI-fn-ep--cn dntmn\p
]pdsa ap Nne dntmp-Ifpw Atlw CXn\v sXfn-hmbn Dcn-
p-pv. (A-lvIm-apP\m-Ckv, t]:78)
Ccp- w A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a m- s Wv ]Tn- n- m thn- b mWv
\_n(kz) As\ sNbv X sXv ap- Nn- e A`n- { ]m- b - s - S p- p
(ss\-ep HuXzm 4:66). ]no-S-tlw Ccn-p-I-bp-mbn (A-lvaZv)
F Aen-bpsS {]kvXm-h-ns Dtiyw anv IS-p-t]m-b-
tijw \_n(-kz) Ccpp Fm-Im\pw km[y-X-bp-v. Am-lp-hn-
-dn-bmw.
anv \a-kI
v mcw
ac-W-s--hmbn Pohn-n-cn-p--hv sNm Ign-bp
AXn-a-l-mb Hcp Ia-amWv anv \a-kvIm-cw. Cu \a-kvImcw
^Zzv In^mbbmsW Imcy-n ^nIzvlv ]WvUn-X-m GIm-
`n- { ]m- b - m- c m- W v . IS- _ m- [ y- X - b p hynv \a- k v I - c n- msX
\n- f psS kplr- n\v \n\- a - k v I - c n- p- I Fp Iev ] np
sImv {]hm- N - I amdn- \ nXv Cu Imcyw kv ] jv S - a m- p- p.
hfsc {]m[m-\y-aln-p Hcp al-ZvIa-am-Wn-sXv ]d-tb--
Xn-. ]t ]e apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-fpw CXv Aln-p Kuc-
h-tmsS ]cn-K-Wn-n-n-s-Xv Hcp kXy-am-Wv. {]mY-\-bm-Wtm
]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb CXnse LSIw an-v \a-kvIm-c-n-eq-sS-bp
\psS {]mY\ Amlp kzoI-cn-m \psS ktlm-Z-c\v Ah
sNbv X ]m]- s]mdpv hnp-hogvN sNbvXpsImSp-t-mw.
AXpsImv d- kq(kz)-]-d-p: \na-nv \a-kvI-cn-m
At-l-n\v \njvI-f--ambn {]mYn-p-I. (A-_qZm-hq-Zv)
c-km-np thn-bp \a-kvImcw
Ckvem-an c-km-nXzw hcn--hv thn \a-kvI-cn-t-
-Xn FmWv {]_-e-amb A`n-{]m-bw. \_n(-kz) DlvZv bp-
n c- k m- n- I - f m- b - h v \a- k v I - c n- n- n- s - - X n\v Hn- e -
[nIw {]_- e - a mb lZo- k p- I dntmv sN- s - S p- p. AXp-
t]mse \a-kvI-cn--Xmbpw {]_e dntmp-I ImWmw. ]t,
CXv {]kvXpX lZo-kn Xs kqNn-n-p-Xv t]mse Fp-hjw
Ign--Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv \S-p--Xv. AXp tIhew {]mY\ am{X-
am-bn-cpp-shpw A`n-{]m-b-ap-v. AX-, Cu \a-kvImcw Pohn-
n-cn-p--h-tcmSpw acn--h-tcm-Sp-ap \_nbpsS(-kz) Hcp bm{X]d-
b t]mse-bm-bn-cptm Fpw lZokv ]Z-L-S\ kwibw P\n-n-
p-p.
\a-kvIm-cm-\-cw \_n(-kz) an-dn Ibdn {]kw-Kn-p-Ibpw

Xs Ay-Lw hs-n-b-Xns\ kw_-nv AXn kqNn-n-
p-I-bp-ap-m-bn. AXn\ptijw \_n(-kz) IqSp-X Imew Pohn-
n-cp--npan-. Cu ASn-m-\-n AXv {]hm-N-Is {]tXy-IX
am{X-am-bn-cp-p-shpw s]mXp-hmb Hcp \nb-a-am-bn-cp-n-spw
a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. am{X-a-, DlvZv Am ap ]e bp-
-fp-m-bnpw AXn-sempw \a-kvI-cn--Xmbn dntmp-I-fn--Xm-
\pw. (ss\-ep HuXzm) C_v\plkw(-d) \a-kvI-cn-p-Itbm \a-
kvI-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Itbm sNmw FmWv A`n-{]m-b-s-n-p--Xv.
C_v\pIznw(-d) CtX A`n-{]mbw Xs {]I-Sn-n-n-p-v. Camwim-
ô-Cu(-d) \a-kvI-cn-t--Xn- F ]-m-Wv. ImcWw ap ]e
bp--fnepw \_n(-kz) \a-kvI-cn--Xmbn tcJ-bn-. CXv \_n(-kz)
bpsS bm{X-]-d-b Bbn-cp-p-shv lZo-kn Xs hy-am-p-
Ibpw sNbvXnpv. AXpsImv nc-s Hcp hn[n Zp_-e-s-
Sp-m am{Xw Cu kw`hw sXfn-h FmWv Atlw ]d-bp-Xv
(^nIzvlpp-) Npcp--n c-km-n-Ip-thn anv
\a-kvI-cn-t--Xn-m-sbv a\-n-em-hp-p. Cu hnj-b-I-ambn h
lZokv anv Ipfn-n- F A[ym-b-n D-cn-n-p-v.
inip- v thn- b p \a- k v I mcw
{]mb-]qn-bm-hm Ipn-Iv anv \a-kvI-cn-m-hp-
-Xm-Wv. \_n(kz) ]d-bp-p: inip-v \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bpw
Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-v Imcp-Wy-n\pw ]m]-tam-N-\-n-\p-
ambn {]mYn-p-Ibpw thWw (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, \km-Cu). BC-i(d)
]d- b p- p. Akzm- d p- I - f ns Hcp Ipn acn- - t m \_n-
bpsS(kz) ASp- sImv hp. Atm Ahn- S pv AXn\v
thn \a- k v I - c n- p. (ap- k v e nw, \km- C u). Fm, CXv Hcp
\n_ Iev]-\b-. ImcWw \_n(- kz) At-l-ns ]p{X
C_v d mlow acn- - t m anv \a- k v I - c n- p- I - b p- m- b n.
BCi(-d) ]d-bp-p. ]Xn-s\v amkw {]mb-am-bn-cns {]hm-NI
]p{X C_vd mlnw acn- p- I - b p- m- b n. B Ipnv dkq(- kz)
\a- k v I - c n- p- I - b p- m- b n- .(A- _ q- Z m- h q- Z v ) . CXn \nv , {]mb-
]qn-bm-hm Ipn-Iv \a-kvI-cn-p-I-tbm, \a-kvI-cn-m-
Xn-cn-p-Itbm sNm-sav a\-n-em-mw. \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bm-sW-
n B Ipn- I - f psS amXm- ] n- X m- p thn {]mYn- p- I -
bmWv thXv.
Nm]n- v thn- b p \a- k v I mcw

knIz-vXzv F Ad_n ]Z-n-\mWv \mw Nm]n--sbv ]d-bp-
-Xv. CXn\v \a-kvI-cn-m-hp--XmWv. \_n(-kz) ]d-bp-p: Nm]n-
v \a- k v I - c n- p- I bpw AXns amXm- ] n- X m- v Imcp- W y-
n\pw ]m]- t am- N - \ - n\pw thn {]mYn- p- I bpw thWw
(A_q- Z m- h q- Z v , \km- C u) CXpw apI- f n ]d- Xp t]mse
\n_ Iev]-\-b-. Imc-Ww, Nm]n--b-m kzw ]p{X\v
t]mepw \_n(kz) \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bp-m-bn-sv \mw Ip-h-tm.
Fm CXp Xs K`-n \mevamkw ]qn-bm-b-Xn-\p-
tijw am{Xta th-Xp-p-shv ]n-X-m A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p.
\mev amkw XnI-bp-tm-gmWv Bmhv DuX-s-Sp--sXv \_n(-
kz) ]d- - X mWv CXn\v tcJ- b mbn Ah Nqn- mp- X v
(_pJm- c n). AXn- \ m \mev amk- n\p apv {]k- h n Poh- \ n-
m amwk]n-WvU-n\v anv F {]tbmKw km[p-hm-Ip-I-
bn-.
{]k- h n- p- t m Poh- \ p- - X nt\ \a- k v I - c n- t - - X p-
pshv Nne A`n- { ]m- b - s - S p- p. Ahp tcJ- b n- X m- W v .
AIme ]nUw i_v Z n- m AXn\v \a- k v I - c n- Ww. A\- c
kzv \evI-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. (Xpap-Zn) Fm CXns ]c-
c Zp_- e - a m- s W- mWv ]Un- X m- ` n- { ]m- b w. Cu dntmns
k\Zv Zp_- e - a m- s Wv A_m- \ nbpw ]d- b p- p. (A- l v I m- a p
P\m-Ckv t].81)
Fm, A\--cm-h-Imiw \evI-W-sav am{Xw h dntm-
p-I kzoIm-cy-tbm-Ky-am-sWv Atlw A`n-{]m-b-s-n-p-v. Np-
cp--n Nmn-v \a-kvI-cn-p--Xn\v hntcm-[-an-sv kmcw.
ad an- n\v thn- b p \a- k v I mcw
A\y-\m-n adhv sN-s hynv anv \a-kvI-cn-p-
Xns\ Camw im^n-Cu(-d)bpw AlvaZv(-d)bpw A\p-Iq-en-p-p.
Camw amen-Ipw(-d) A_q-l-\o-^(-d)bpw {]XnIqep-p-p. A\p-Iq-
en-p--h-cpsS sXfnhv \min cmPm-hn\v \_n(-kz) \S-nb \a-
kv I m- c - a m- W v . Pm_n(- d ) {]kv X m- h n- p- p. ""\_n(- k z) \min
cmPm-hmb Akvl-a-ns t]cn P\mk \a-kvI-cn-p. AXn
\mev XIv _ o- d p- I DsIm- n- c p- p.'' \_n(kz) {]kv X m- h n- p.
""Cv A_vko-\n-bm-bnse Hcp \ a\p-jy acn-n-cn-p-p. AXn-
\m \n hcn-I. At-l-ns t]cn \a-kvI-cn-mw. A\-
-cw- \-_n(-kz) Rv Cam-ambn \np. R At-l-ns
]nn AWn- b mbn \nv \a- k v I - c n- p. (_p- J m- c n, apkv e nw)

Fm AhnsS \a-kvI-cn-m Bcp-an-m--Xp-sIm-mWv \_n
(-kz) \a-kvI-cn--Xv. AXn-\m Acw ]cn-Xn-Xn-I-fn am{Xta
ad an-n\v \a-kvI-cn-t--Xp-qshv Hcp kwLw ]n-
Xam A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. C_v\pIznw(-d) Cu hnj-b-I-ambn
]d--Xns kwn-]vX-cq]w Xmsg D-cn-mw.
Fm ad an-n\pw \a-kvI-cn-p-I-sb-Xv \_n(-kz)-
bpsS ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-n-. \_bpsSn(-kz)- Imev ]ecpw A\y-tZ-
iv acn-n-p-v. ]s, Ahsmpw Atlw \a-kvI-cn-n-
n- . \_n(- k z) \m- i np \a- k v I - c npshv kzlo- l mbn
dntmv sN-s-n-p-v. AXpsImv ]Un-Xam aqv cq]-
n-ep A`n-{]m-b-amWv CXpkw_-nv {]I-Sn-n-n-p--Xv. (1)
\m-in-bpsS t]cn-ep \a-kvImcw Fm ad an-n\pw \a-
kvI-cn-m-\p amXr-Xbpw aX-\n-b-a-hp-am-Wv. Camw im^n-Cubpw
(d) Alva-Zpw(-d) Cu A`n-{]-mb-m-cm-Wv. (2) CXv At-l-n\p
am{Xw {]tXy-I-am-Wv. ap--hn-. CXmWv amen-Insbpw (d)
A_q-l-\o-^-bpsS A`n-{]m-bw. (3) ssiJpq Ckvemw C_v\p-ssX-
an--v asm-c-`n-{]m-b-am-Wp--Xv. acn \mn Bcpw \a-kvI-cn-
n- n- s - n Ahn- i zm- k n- I - f psS \mn shv acn \m- i nv
\_n(- k ) \a- k v I - c n- Xp t]mse ap \mp- I m \a- k v I - c n- - W w
F-XmWv. \_n(-k) ad an-n\v \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw \a-
kv I - c n- m- X n- c n- p- I bpw sNbv X n- p- v . At- l - ns
{]h\hpw Hgn-hm-epw kap-Zm-b-n\v amXrI Xs-bm-Wv.
CXv AXn s]Sp-p. (km-Zp aBZv 1,300)
Bcpw \a-kvI-cn-m-\n-m-sX, Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS CS-bn ac-
W- s - - h v am{Xta ad- - c q- ] - n \a- k v I - c n- t - - X p- q-
sh ]- mv A\p- I q- e - a mb Hcp `mKhpw lZo- k n- e p- v .
\n-fpsS ktlm-Z-c \n-fp-sS-X-m \mn acn-n-cn-p-p.
AXp-sImv hcn-I. At-l-ns t]cn \a-kvI-cn-mw Fm-
W-Xv. AXp-t]m-se, k-cn-X-cmb Jeo-^-amv ad--cq-]-n
Bcpw \a-kvI-cn--Xmbn tcJ-bn-. As\ Bsc-nepw ad--cq-
]-n Ahv \a-kvI-cn-n-cp-s-n hym]-I-ambn Adn-b-s-
Sp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p. ]t, As\ Fhn-sSbpw dntmp-
I-fn-.
Iz_v d n- - c nsI \a- k v I - c n-
anv ad-am-Snb tijw Iz_v-dn--cnsI \a-kvI-cn- A\p-
h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. ]n ASn-p-hm-cn-bn-cp Hcp kv{Xo acn--tm
cm{Xn Xs kzlm-_n-am Ahsc sImp-t]mbn ad-hp-sN-bvXp.

\_n(-kz) Ah-sc-n At\z-jn--tm Iz_vd-S-nb hnh-c-amWv
Adn--Xv. Ft \n-sfs Adn-bn-m-Xn-cp--Xv Fv \_n(-
kz) tNmZn--tm, Atlw Dd-p-I-bm-bn-cp-Xv sImv _pn-
ap-n-m-Xn-cp--Xm-sWv Ah ]-d-p. DSs\ \_n(-kz) Ah-cpsS
Iz_v ImWnpXcp- h m Bh- i y- s - S p- I - b pw, Ahscbpw Iqn
Iz_vdn--cnsI shv \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. (_p-Jm-cn)
Hcp amk-n\v tijw t]mepw \_n(-k) \a-kvI-cn kw`hw
dntmv sN-s-n-p-v. kAvZns amXmhv \_n(-kz) e-n-
m Ah-k-c-n acn-p. ]noSv \_n(-k) Xncn-s-n-b-tm
Ahp-thn \a-kvI-cn-p. AXv Hcp amkw Ign-m-bn-cp-p.
(XnanZn).
\n Iz_vdn-\p-ta Ccn--cp-Xv. AXn-tev Xncnp \a-
kv I - c n- p- I bpw AcpXv F \_n- h - N \w apI- f n ]d \a-
kvIm-c-n\v FXn-cm-hp-I-bn-s-mWv C_v\p-Iz-nw(-d) A`n-{]m-b-
s-Sp--Xv. CXv \_nbpsS(kz){]h\ amXrIbmWv. Fm
AhnsSshv ]mSn-sp ]d-Xv ap \a-kvIm-c--fm-Wv. AXns\
kw_- n- mWv dkq(- k ) ]d- Xv P\- - f n shv Ghpw
\oN-cm-b-h Iz_vdp-Isf ]n-I-fm-p--h-cmWv.
Ckv e m- a nI inm \nb- a - v hnt[- b - c mbn h[n- - s - -
hpw anv \a-kvI-cn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Ppssl\ tKm{X-m-cn-
bmb Hcp kv { Xo hy`n- N m- c - n\v Fdnp sIm- s - p. {]hm- N -
I Ahv \a- k v I - c n- p. Da(- d ) tNmZn- p. {]hm- N - I tc,
Ahpw \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bmtWm? Ah hy`n-Nm-cn-bt? \_n(-
(kz)) ]d- p. Ah \S- nb ]m- m]w aZo\ \nhm- k n-
In-S-bn hoXn-m Ahsmw aXn-bm-Im am{Xw al--
c-am-Wv. (ap-kveow). CXpt]mse asmcp kw`hw IqSn dntmv sN-
s-Sp-p-v.
\n_-nX kml-N-cy-n-e-msX aqv ka-b--fn anv
\a-kvI-cn-m-h-X-. DIzv_Xp_v\p Ban(-d) dntmv sNp-p.
""aqv ka- b - - f n \a- k v I - c n- p- Xpw Iz_v d - S - p- Xpw \_n
(-kz) R-tfmSv hntcm-[n-p. cmhnse kqcy-\p-Zn-p-b-cp--Xp-h-sc-
bpw, \p-bvv AXv a[y-n \nv Nmbp-Xv hsc-bpw AkvX-
a\thf-bn AXv ad-bp-Xv hsc-bp-amWv {]kvXpX ka-b-.
(ap-kvenw)
Pam-A
- ns {]m[m\yw
anv \a-kvImcw Pam-A-m-bn-mWv dkq(-kz) \akvIcn-
n-p--Xv. Fm Hv \a-kvI-cn-p-Xv hntcm-[n tcJ-I-sfm-
p- a n- . [mcmfw Bfp- I ]s- S p- p- Xv Xs- b mWv D- a w.
\qtdmfw hcp Hcp hn`mKw apkveow-I Hcp an-n\v \a-kvI-
cn- m Ah- c psS ip]mi Amlp At- l - ns Imcy- n
kzoI- c n- m- X n- c n- n- . (ap- k v e ow). apkv e o- a ns Xs asmcp
dntmn C-s\-bm-Wv: Hcp apkveow acn-p. inv sNm
\m]Xv t] At-l-n\v P\m-k-\-a-kvI-cn-m Amlp Ah-
cpsS ip]mi kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-n-.
ChnsS IrXy-amb F-a Dt-in--s-n-p-Xv. adnv P\-
-fpsS B[n-Iy-am-sWv hyw. Cu \a-kvIm-c-n\v Npcp-nb
]w P\- Cam-ans ]nn aqv AWn-bm-bnv \np--
XmWv \- X v . Ggp t]cp Hcp kwL- h p- a mbn dkq(kz) \a-
kvI-cn--tm aqp t]sc Hcp kz^v^nepw Cucp t]sc ap
cv kz^v^p-I-fnepw \ndpn \a-kvI-cn-p-I-bp-m-bn. (Xz-_vdm-
\n)
Camw Bcm- h Ww
Ckvem-anI `c-W-{Iaw \ne-\n-n-cp Ime-L--n km[m-
c-W-K-Xn-bn `c-W-]-c-amb D-c-hm-Znw \nh-ln-n-cp--h-cm-bn-
cp-p Cam-am-bn-cp-Xv. lmnw, A_q _mkn-an \np-w D-cn-
p-p. lk(-d) acn--tm, lpssk(-d) As aZo-\-bnse
Aao-dm-bn-cp kCuZp_v\p Bkn-tbmSv Cam-am-hm Bh-iy-s-
Sp-I-bpw, CXv {]hm-N-Is kp--m-bn-cp-s-n Xmsf Cam-
am-p-am-bn-cp-n- Fv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]s CXns Nne
]c--c-I-fn _e-lo-\X Btcm-]n--s-Sp-p.
Cm-cy-n {]tXyI \ntZ-i-sampw \_n(-kz)-bn \nv
nc-sp hn-n-m-Xp sImv an-ns Ghpw ASp

Ah-Im-in-bmWv Cam-a-n\v Al Fv- A-`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. Cu
ASn-m-\-n an-ns ]nXm-hv, ]nXm-a-l, ]p{X, ]u{X,
ktlm-Z-c, ktlm-Z-c-]p-{X, ]nXr-hy, ]nXr-hy-]p-{X Fn-
s\ Ah-Im-in-I-fmbn hcp-p. Cu A`n-{]m-b-n\v Ah-ew-_-
ambn Nqn-m-Wn-m-dp-Xv Am-lp-hns InXm-_n IpSpw-_-_-
-ap--h At\ym\yw Ah-Im-i-s--h-cm-Wv F Bb-m-Wv.
ap \a- k v I m- c - - f n Cam- a m- t h {Iaw C- s \- b mWv Ghpw
\mbn Izp-B ]mcm-bWw sNm Ign-hp--h. AXn Fm-
hcpw Xpey-am-sW-n kp-n Ghpw IqSp-X hnh-c-ap--
h. AXnepw Xpey-cm-sW-n lnPvdbn apn \np--h.
AXnepw Xpey- a m- s W- n BZyw Ckv e m- a n- t ev h- h . (- a p-
kveow).
Fhn- s S- s h- mWv \a- k v I - c n- t - - X v
anv \a- k v I mcw ]nv ]pd- p- s hv \nh- l n- p- -
XmWv D- a w. \_nbpsS (- k )- Imes ]Xnhv AXm- b n- c p- p.
Av anv \a-kvI-cn-m\pw s]cp-m \a-kvI-cn-m-\p-samw
{]tXyI e--fp-m-bn-cp-p. PqX-cns] Hcp ]pcp-js\bpw
kv { Xosbbpw hy`n- N m- c - n\v FdnpsImm Iev ] n kw`- h -
n, AXv P\mk \a-kvI-cn-p e-n-\-Spv shm-bn-cp-
p- s hv _pJm- c n- b n ImWmw. CXn \nv P\mk \a- k v I - c n-
m {]tXyIw e-ap-m-bn-cp-p-shv hy-am-W-tm. P\m-
kpw s]cp- m- f n- \ p- a p \a- k v I m- c - ew ]n- b psS Ingp
_IzoCs `mK-m-bn-cpp. (^-Xvlp_m-cn)
Fm ]n-bn shpw \a-kvI-cn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. _pJmcn
Cu hnj-b-I-am-bn-h lZo-kp-I-fpsS A[ym-b-n\v t]cv \In-
bn-cn-p-Xv Xs "P\mk ka-kvImcw ]n-bnepw \a-kvIm-c--
epw' Fm-Wv. kAvZp_v\p A_o-h-Izm-kv(-d) acn--tm \_n
(-kz)-bpsS `mcy-amv \a-kvI-cn-m thn anv ]n-bn-eqsS
sImp-h-c-s-p. CXv I-tm P\- AXns\ Bt-]n-p-
Ibpw _nZv-Av BsWv ]d-bp-I-bp-ap-m-bn. CXv tI BCi(-
d) AXv Xncp-n. \_n(-kz) kpsslep_v\p ss_Zm-C\pw ktlm-
Z-c\pw ]n-bn shmWv \a-kvI-cn--sXv hni-Zo-I-cnpsImSp-
p. (ap-kveow, ss_l-Izn)
Hn- e - [ nIw an- p- m- b m
Htc-k-abw Hn-e-[nIw an-p-I hp-tNm Fm-n-
\pw IqSn Hcp \a- k v I mcw aXn. ac- W - a - S - - h - c n ]pcp- j - mcpw

kv-{XoI-fp-ap-s-n ]pcp-j-msc Ah Iqn-I-fm-sW-nepw Cam-
an-s t\sc apnepw kv{XoIsf AXn-\-pdw Izn_ve-bpsS `mKv
shp-sIm--p-am-bn-cn-Ww \a-kvI-cn-t--Xv. C_v\pDa-dn \nv
(d) A-tlw ]pcn-j-m-cp-tSXv aqnepw kv{XoI-fp-tSXv Izn_vebpsS
`m- K - p- a mWv sh- X v . AXn Aen- b psS ]p{Xn Dp- I pkqapw
Ah-cpsS ]p{X sskZpw Dm-bn-cp-p. As\ ]p{Xs\ Cam-
an-s t\sc-ap`m-K-mbn shp. CXns\ Nne FXn-tm
\a--kvI-cn-m kn-ln-X-cm-bn-cp C_v\p-A-m-kv(-d), A_q-lp-
d--bv-d(-d), A_q-k-Cu-Zv(-d), JXm-Z(-d) Fn-h CXmWv \_n-N-cy-sb-
v ]d-bp-I-bp-m-bn. (\-km-Cu)
Am-dn(-d) \npw CXp-t]mse thsdm-p-IqSn A_q-Zm-hqZv
D-cn-p-p-v. Htcm-n\pw sh-t-sdbpw \a-kvI-cn-m-hp--Xm-
Wv. (a-PvaqAv)
\a- k v I m- c - ns cq]w
BZys XIv _ o- d - S w \mev XIv _ o- d p- I - f mWv \a- k v I m- c -
n sNmt--Xv. Atm Btdm Bbmepw hntcm-[-an-. H]Xv
XIv _ o hsc sNmn- b - X mbn dntmp- I - f p- v . Fm \mev
XIv_o-dp-I-fp-tS-XmWv {]_-e-ambn tXmp--Xv. Imc-Ww Acw
dntmp- I - f mWv IqSpXepf- f - X v . C_v \ pA- k n \npw (- d )
A_q-lp-d-bvd-bn \np-samw \mev XIv_o sNmnb dntmp-
I-fp-v. \m-in-p-thn \a-kvI-cn--tmgpw \_n(-kz) \mev
XIv_o-dm-bn-cpp sNmn-bn-cp--Xv. (ss_-l-Izn)
XIv _ o- d n ssI Db
Hm- a s XIv _ o- d n ssI DbWw F- X n `qcn-
]w ]n-Xamcpw tbmPn-p-p. XpSp--h-bn Db-
Wtam thmtbm Fp--Xn- `n-X-bp-v. BZys XIv_o-
dn am{Xw ssI Dbn-bm aXn-sb-p hmZ-m-cpsS tcJ
CXm-Wv: C_v\pAm-kn \nv(-d) dkq(-kz) anv \a-kvIm-
c-n BZys XIv_o-dn cp ssIIfpw Dbpw. ]noSv
AXv Bhn-m-dn-. (Zm-d-IzpXzvXv\n) Fm CXns ]c--c-
bnse ^Zzvep_v\p kI F hyn Adn-b-s-Sm Bfm-Wv.
AXpsImv CXv sXfn-hn\p ]cym-]vX-a-.
Fm XIv_o-dnepw ssII DbWw F ]-m-cpsS
tcJ-bn-XmWv: C_v\pDa-dn \nv (-d) dntmv, Atlw P\mk
\a-kvIm-c-n Fm XIv_o-dnepw ssII Dbm-dpv (ss_-
l- I zn). CXns ]c- c kzoIm- c y- t bm- K y- a m- s Wv ]n- X m

A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. Camw _pJmcn Xs ""A_p ap^vd-Zv d^vDb-
Zbv '' Fo InXm- _ p- I - f nepw C_v \ p- D - a - d n \nv CXp- t ]mse
dntmv sNp-p. (^Xvlp_mcn 3:190) Xz_vdm-\nbpw ss_l-
Iznbpw C_v\pDa-dn \nv Xs CXv kzoIm-cy-tbm-Ky-amb ]c-
-c-tbmSp IqSn \_n(-kz)bntev tNv dntmv sNbvX-Xmbn
ImWmw. Npcp-n Fm XIv_odnepw ssI Db-W-sa--
XmWv IqSp- X {]_- e - a mb A`n-{]m-bw.
^mXn- l bpw kzempw
""C_v\pAm-kv(-d) Hcp P\mk \a-kvI-cn--tm ^mXnl
HmXn, CXv \_n(-k)-bpsS Ncy-bn s]-Xm-sWv \n Adn-n-
cn--W-sa--tlw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNb-Xp.'' (_p-Jm-cn, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv).
CXv ]Xps Bbn-cn-t--Xm-Wv. A_qDam-a-bn \np--cn-p-
p: P\mk \a- k v I m- c - n Hm- a s XIv _ o- d n\v tijw
^mXnl ]Xps HmtX--Xm-Wv. ]ns aqv XIv _ o. Ah- k m-
\- t - X n kemwho. (\- k m- C u).
cm- a XIv _ o- d n\p tijw \_n(- k ) bpsS t]cn- e p
kzemv sNmp- I . A_qDam- a - b n \nv Xs- b p- f f dntmv
ImWp- I . ]ns \_n(kz)- b psS t]cn kzemv sNmp- I bpw
XIv_o- d p- I n- S - b n an- n\p thn {]mYn- p- I bpw
sNpI. Cu XIv _ o- d p- I - f n- s em- nepw HmtX- - X n- . ]ns
]Xps kemw ho-Ww. (Camw im^n-Cu D-cn--Xv). Chn-sSbpw
\a- k v I m- c - nse kzemv Xs- b mWv sNmt- - X v .
anv \a- k v I m- c - nse {]mY- \ - I
]no-Sp XIv_o-dp-I-fn an-n-mbn {]mYn-t--Xm-
Wv. Cu {]mY-\-bm-Wtm anv \a-kvIm-c-nse apJy-L-S-Iw.
CXv hfsc BmY-ambn \nh-ln-t--Xm-Wv. \_n(-kz) ]d-
bp-p: ""\n anv \a-kvI-cn-p-tm AXn \njvI-f--
ambn {]mYn-p-I. (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv) \_n(-kz)-bn \nv hyXykvX
cq]-n-ep "ZpB-I' Cu hj-b-n dntmv sN-s-n-pv.
AXn GXp cq]hpw \apv kzoI-cn-mw. Fm Camw ium-
\n(-d) ]d-Xpt]mse, ^nIzvlv {K--fn \_n(-kz)-bn \np
dntmv sN- s - S m ]e {]mY- \ - I fpw ew ]nSn- n- p- v .
dkq(-kz)-bn \nv dntmv sN-s {]mY-\-I-fmWv D-aw.
(ss\-eq HuXzm 1,55 ) Fm dkq(-kz) \np--cn--s-Xv
Xs sNm \n_--am-sWv A_m\n ]d-bp-p. (A-lvIm-
ap P\m-Ckv t]. 127)
\_n(-kz)-bn \nv dntmv sN-s {]mY-\-I-fn NneXv

Xmsg sImSp- p- p.
o n N
n ~r en r u Snhhn o dn o fo r p cr Gn hn o r Yn
o Yr Gnh p ap nYhn o r M n Qr Gnh o dn r p Zr G s o s dnG
sn jo ncn n jnn dr G n ep p r fn hn Op r n dr Gnh p r s dGnh Ap ndr pH o r p rZGnh
r ep Gnr N n n gr Gn hn p Qp GnO r en Gnr N n GnQGnO no dr ~p Hr Gnh p nf~s dG n ep o nHr n Gr o r s dG
Qp sdG
p GnYn hn p r n drG nr ap p bp hn p L p hr Rn r ep Gnr Nn n Ln hr Rn hn p p gr Gn
""Am-lp-th, \o Ct-l-n\v s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw Icp-
W- s N- p- I bpw hnp- h ogv N \Ip- I bpw kpJw \Ip- I bpw
sNt- W - t a. Ct- l s \coXn- b n AXn- Y n- b mbn BZ- c n- t -
Wta. {]th- i \ ew hnim- e - a m- p- I bpw sNt- W - t a. Pew,
av , Ben- - g w Fnh sImv \o Ct- l s hrn- b m- t -
W- t a. shhkv { Xw Agp- n \nv ipn- b m- p- - X p- t ]mse
\o Ct- l s ]m]- n \nv ]cn- i p- - a m- p- I bpw sNt- W -
ta. Ct- l - ns `h- \ - s - m D- a - a mb `h- \ hpw IpSpw-
_- s - m D- a - a mb IpSpw- _ hpw CW- s b- m D- a - a mb
CW-sbbpw \o ]I-c-a mbn \ev tI-W -ta. Iz_vd nse Zpcn- X - n
\npw \c-I-in--bn \npw Ct-ls Impcn-p-Ibpw
sNt- W - t a.'' (apkvenw, \km- C u)
Cu lZokv dntmv sNp Hu^v(-d), dkq(-kz)-bpsS Cu
{]mY\ tI- t m B anv Xm\m- b n- c p- s - n Fm- { K- l n-
p-t]m-bn. \_n(-k) GXp anv \a-kvIm-c-nepw \S-m-dp
{]m\ A_q- l p- d - b v d (- d ) dntmv sNp- p.''
""Am- l pth, R- f n \nv Pohn- n- c n- p- - h pw arXn-
b- S - - h pw kn- l n- X - c m- b - h pw e- n- m- - h pw
sNdn- b - h pw hen- b - h pw ]pcp- j ampw kv { XoIpw
\o Pohn- n- p- p- s h- n Ckvem- a - \ p- k - c nv Pohn- n- p- I bpw
R- f n \nv h- h - s cbpw \o acn- n- p- p- s h- n
Cuamt\mSp IqSn acn-n-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta. Am-lpth, At-
l- ns ]pWyw Rv \o \jv S - s - S p- - c p- t X. At- l -
n\v tijw Rsf \o hgn-]n-g-n-p-Ibpw sN-cp-tX (A-_p-
Zm- h q- Z v , C_v \ p- a m- P ).
an-nsbpw ]nXm-hn-sbpw t]cv {]mY-\-bn ]d-bp-Xv
\-Xm-sWv Cu lZo-kns ASn-m-\-n Camw ium-\n(-
d) A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. IqSm-sX, {]mY-\-bnse ]pnwK kh-\m-
a- a mb "lp' F {]tbmKw anv kv { XobmIptmgpw amt- -

Xn-. ImcWw anv F ]Z-n-temWv Cu kh-\maw aS-
p--Xv.
Ipn- I m- b p {]mY\
anv sNdnbIpn-bm-sW-n, ss_l-Izn-bpsS dntm-\p-
k-cnv Cu {]mY\ \S-p-Xv \-Xm-sWv ium-\n(-d) A`n-
{]m-b-s-Sp-p.
GLGh Wah S d LG dG
Am-lpth, Cu Ipnsb R-fpsS Hcp apKm-anbpw \nn-
tev thK-n t]m-h\pw ]pWy-hp-am-n-ot-W-ta.'' Ipn-
Ip \-a-kvIm-c-n Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-v Imcp-Wy-
n\pw ]m]- t am- N - \ - n\pw {]mYn- - W - s a A_q- Z m- h q- Z ns
dntmv apv D-cn-n-p--tm. anv \a-kvIm-c-nse {]mY-
\-I aqv, \mev XIv_o-dp-I-fp-sS-sbmw tijw BIm-hp--Xm-
Wv. \mem-a-t-Xn-tev am{X-ambn {]tXy-In-smcp {]mY-\bpw
dntmv sN-s-n-n-. A\-cw km[m-cW \a-kvIm-c-n-teXp
t]mse kemwho-Ww. CtXmsS \a-kvImcw Ign-p.
kv { XoI- f psS anv \a- k v I mcw

Ckvem-anse ]e Bcm-[-\m-Ia--fn \npw kv{XoIsf Hgn-
p-\npI FXv \psS \mn Nne-cpsS Xmev]-cy-ambn amdn-
bn-cn-p-p. ]S--h kv{XoI-\p-h-Zn ]eXpw shn-p-cp-p-
Ibpw A\p-h-Zn-m-Xv ]eXpw Gn-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
XZv^-e-ambn Cu \mnse kv{XoIv anv \a-kvI-cn-p-I-sb-
smcp k{-Zmbw Adn-bn-.
\_n(-kz)-bpsS in-W-n hf D-a-cmb amXr-Im-h-
\n-X-I anv \a-kvIm-c-n AXoh Xev]-c-cm-bn-p. apkveow
D-cn-p Hcp lZokv Bhn-p-I-bm-Wv. kAvZv_v\p A_o-
h-Izm-kv(-d) acn--tm \_n(-kz)-bpsS `mcy-amv \a-kvI-cn-m
thn anv ]n-bn sImp-h-c-s-p. Fnv Ahv \a-
kv I - c n- m- \ mbn anv Ah- c psS apdn- I - f n shp sImSp- p.
]s, Ccw Imcy--sfmpw \psS kv{XoI Adn-bm-td-bn-
. anv I^ ]pS- h - b - W n- b nv hon \nv sImp- t ]m- I p-
tm kv { XoIp- I qSn \a- k v I - c n- m- \ p ka- b hpw kuI-
cyhpw A\p-h-Znp sImSp-p-I, acn hon-tev hcp kv{XoI
\a- k v I - c n- m- \ p hkv { X- fpw ap- a mbn hcn- I , AhnsS shv
Pam-A-mbn \a-kvI-cn-p-I Fo Imcy- {in-t--Xp-v.
anv adhpsN
\a- k v I m- c m- \ - cw kap- Z m- b - ns _m[y- X - b mWv anv
Iz_v d - S - . CXn Ckv e m- a nI hoWw hfsc ]cn- i p- hpw
bp-hp-am-Wv. arX-tZlw an Ipgn-p-aq-S, AXv Zln-n-p-
Itbm atm sNp--Xn-s\-m F{Xtbm D-a-am-sWv ]d-tb-
-Xn-.
arX- t Zlw Icn- p- I - f - b p k{- Z mbw Xosc am\- k nI
kwXr]vXn \Ip H-. acn a\p-jy-t\mSv \apv sNm
Ign- b p kv t \lm- Z - c - h p- I Ghpw\ cq]- n Ipfn- n- v ,
hrn- b p XpWn- b n s]mXn- v , ]m]- t am- N - \ - n\v ]S- - h -
t\mSv \njvI-f--ambn {]mYn-v, Npa-en-ten ivaim-\-n sImp
t]mbn, h\y-ar-K-tm ap Poh-Pm-e-I-tm amn-sb-Sp-
mt\m ISnp-h-en-p-Io-dmt\m ]m cq]-n Bg-ap Ipgn-
bnshv anv aqSpp. Cu k{- Z mbw GXv Ime- L - - nepw
\qX\w Xs.
BZy-]n-Xm-hmb BZw\-_n(-A)bpsS Hcp aI-\mb Izm_o
kzk- t lm- Z - \ mb lm_os\ h[np; arX- i - c ocw Fp sN- W -
sap ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m, `qan-bn amn Ipgn-bp-m-p Hcp
Imsb Amlp Ab-p. CXn-eqsS Izm_o-en\v Xs ktlm-Z-
cs\ Iqgn-p-aq-Sp cq]w ]Tn-n-p. Cu IY kqdXp amCZ 31-
{]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p-v.
aqkvenw-Iv Ah-cpsS arX-tZlw Iz_vd-S-m {]tXyIw
e-ap-m-bn-cn-t--Xm-Wv. \_n(-k)-bpsS Imev "_Izo-B'-
bn-cpp B ew. Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cpp Fm-h-scbpw Iz_vd-S-n-
bn-cp--Xv. Fm Cv an-hmdpw Fm-bn-Spw ]ntbmS\p-
_-n-mWv CXn-\p e- ImW-s-Sp--Xv. CXv Hcn-epw
t{]mm-l-\ml-a-s-mWv A\p-`-h- ]Tnn-p--Xv. \_n
kz) At- l - ns apdn- b n Xs- b mWv Iz_v d - S - n- b - X v . CXv
{]hm-N-Iamp {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. BC-i(-d) ]d-bp-p: \_n(-

kz) acn- - t m At- l s FhnsS Iz_v d - S - - W - s a Imcy-
n `nm-`n-{]m-b-apmbn. DSs\ A_q-_-Iv(-d) ]d-p: Hmtcm
{]hm-N-I\pw Atlw Fhn-sS-bmtWm ad-am-Sm CjvS-s-Sp--Xv,
AhnsS sh-msX Bmhv ]nSn--s-Sn-sv \_n(-kz) ]d-bp-
-Xmbn tIn-p-v. As\ Atlw InS-n-cp ev Xs
Iz_vd-S-n. (Xnan-Zn)
Iz_v d n- e n- d -
Iz_vdn\v Bh-iy-n\v hen-hpw Bghpw Dm-bn-cn--Ww.
hrn-bm-bn-cn-Ww. Akzm-dp-I-fn s] Hcp a\p-jy\v Iz_vdv
Ipgn--tm \_n(-kz) ]d-p: Xe-bp-sSbpw Imen-sbpw `mKw
hnim- e - a m- p- I . (A- _ q- Z m- h q- Z v ) asmcp dntmn: Bg- nepw
hoXn- b nepw `wKn- b nepw Ipgn- pI (A- _ q- Z m- h q- Z v , \km- C u).
Iz_v d ns Bg- w , hoXn, Db- c w, ChsbIpdnsmpw IrXy- a mb
\ntZi-sampw \_n(-kz) bn \nv e`n-n-n-. ]n-X-m ]e
cq]- n- e p A`n- { ]m- b - {]I- S n- n- n- p- v . Iz_v d - S - p- Xp
sImp Dtiyw arX-i-cocw an--Sn-bn ad-bepw AXv h\y-
ar-K-pw apw amn-sb-Sp-m kuI-cy-s-Sm-Xn-cn--ep-am-Wv.
CXv km[y-am-Ip cq]-n-semw Iz_v-dp-I \nan-mw. `q{]-tZ-
i- ns hyXym- k - a - \ p- k - c nv hnhn[ cq]- CXn kzoI- c n-
t-n-h-cpw.
anv kv { Xobp- t S- X m- s W- nepw ]pcp- j am- c mWv
adhpsNt--Xv. `m-hp kv{Xobm-sW-n Ah-fpsS `m-
hmWv AXn- l. IqSp- X kl- I - c n- t - Xv ASp _p-
-fpw. \_n(-kz)sb Iz_vdn-te-v CdnshXv Am-kv, ^Zzv,
kzmen- l v , Aen(- d ) Fn- h - c m- b n- c pp (lm- ow). Rm Pnhn- n-
cns \o acn- m, Rm \ns Ipfn- n- p- I bpw Iz_v d - S - p-
Ibpw sNp-sav \_n(-k) BC-i(-d) tbmSv ]d-n-cp-p(-Alva-
Zv ) . Im`mKw sh- p `mK- n- e q- s S- b m- b n- c n- Ww anv
Iz_vdn {]th-in-t--Xv.
Iz_v d n XpWntbm atm hncn- p- Xpw Xe- b n- W - s h- p-
Xpw A`n-Im-ay-a-. an-ns heXp `mK-nta Izn_vev
A`n-ap-J-am-bmWv InS-t--Xv. anv Iz_vdn-te-n-d-p-tm
dG SQ e Yh dG H Ftm dG SQ S Yh dG H
Ftm tNmt--Xm-Wv(-A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv). ]noSv Iz_v aq-S-Ww.
XpSv Npp-`m-Kpw IqSn\np-h ssIsImv aqv ]nSn
av Iz_v d n- t ev hmcn- b - n S- W w. \_n(- k z) anv \a- k v I - c n

tijw an-ns Xe-`m-Kv IqSn aqv]nSn av hmcn-bn-Sp-I-bp-
m-bn (C-_v\p-am-P). av hmcn-bn-Sp-tm ""anlm JeIzv\mIpw
hôlm \pCu- Z ppw hanlm \pJv c nPppw Xmd- X DJv d m''
Fp sNm- W - s av Nne ]n- X am A`n- { ]m- b - s - S p- p.
Fm CXn\v bmsXmcp sXfn- h p- a n- . Cu hnj- b - I - a mbn h
dntmv hfsc Zp_-e-am-sWv lZokv \ncq-]-Iam-scmw A`n-
{]m-b-s-n-p-v. (A-lvIm-ap P\m-Ckv, t]. 153)
Iz_v d ns kz`mhw
arX-tZlw aqSn-b-Xn\p tijw Iz_v GI-tZiw Hcp Nm(A-
c-ap-gw) anv Dbm-hp--Xm-Wv. \_n(-kz)-bpsS Iz_vdns\n
dntmv sNp- p: At- l - ns Iz_v `qan- b n \nv GI-
tZjw Hcp Nm Dbp- I bpw sNbv X p.'' v ( - C _v \ plnm)
apI`mKw \nc- m- p- - X mWpaw. \_n(- k )- b psS Iz_v
apI`mKw ]c- - X m- b n- c pp (_p- J m- c n). Iz_v Xncn- - d n- b m
Ip- s Imtm atm AS- b m- f - s - S p- p- - X n\v hntcm- [ - a n- .
\_n(kz) Dkv a m- \ p_v \ p aZv - D u- \ ns Iz_v d n As\ sNp-
I- b p- m- b n. \_n(- k ) Dkv a m- \ p_v \ p aZv - D u- \ ns Iz_v d n
As\ sNp- I - b p- m- b n. \_n(- k ) Hcp a\pjy- t \mSv Hcp Iv
sImp- h - c m ]d- p. AbmXv Npa- m Ign- n- .
Atm Ahn- S v AXv Npav sImp- h - c n- I bpw Xe- b psS
`mKv shp-Ibpw sNbv-Xp. Fnv ]d-p: CXp-sIm-ss
ktlm- Z s Iz_v F\nv Xncn--dn-bm Ign-bpw. Fs _p-
-fn Bsc-nepw acn-m Rm Ahsc ChnsS ad- h p- s N- pw.
(A- _ q- Z m- hq-Zv)
]s, AXn t]sc-gp-Xn-sh-p-Xpw Ae-m-c--fp-m-p-
Xpw \_n(-kz) hntcm-[n-ncn-p-p. (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv).
\n_-nX kml-N-cy--fn-e-msX aqv ka-b--fn Iz_-
d- S - p- Xv \_n(- k z) hntcm- [ n- n- c p- p. cmhnse kqcy DZn- p-
b-cp-Xv hsc-bpw, \p-bvv kqcy a[y-n \nv Nmbp--
Xp- h - s cbpw Akv X - a - \ - t h- f - b n AXv ad- b p- Xv hscbpw (ap-
kv e ow).
AXp- t ]mse cm{Xnbpw \n_- n- X - a m- b nmsX Iz_v d - S - -
cp- X v . cm{Xn- b n Iz_v - d - S nb Hcp a\p- j ys hnhcw \_n(-
kz)v Inn- b - t m Atlw Ip]n- X - \ mbn ]dp:
""\n_ kml- N - c y- n- e - msX As\ sN- c p- X v . ''
(apkveow) As\ cm{Xn-bn Iz_vd-S-tn hcp-tm hnfv
Inp Iz_vdn Cd-p-Ibpw apw sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. \_n(kz)
Hcp a\p-jys\ Iz_vdn shp-Ibpw Abm-fpsS Iz_vdn hnfv

In-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fv C_v\p-A-m-kn \nv (-d) C_v\p-
amP D-cn-p-p.
Hn-e-[nIw arX-tZ-l- hp-Iq-Sp-Ibpw Iz_v Ipgn-m
Aku-I-cy-ap-m-hp-I-bp-am-sW-n Fm-h-scbpw Htc Iz_vdn
Xs ad- a m- S m- h p- - X m- W v . Ccw k`- - f n IqSp- X Izp-
B ]Tn--h-sc-bmWv BZyw Iz_vdn-tev sht--Xv. bp-L-
fnepw ]I-hym-[n-I ]nSn-s]-Sp-tm-gp-samw Cs\ sNmhp-
- X m- W v . \_n(- k z) Dlv Z v bp- n sIm- s - - h sc Iz_v d - S -
mt\c-v, BcmWv IqSp-X Izp-B ]Tn--sXv At\z-jn-
p. Hcm \ntZ- i n- - s - - t m \_n(- k z) Abmsf BZyw
Iz_vdn shp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
]nSnav sh
anv ad-am-S-en-t\m-S-\p-_-nv ]e e--fnepw {]N-cn
ASn-m-\-c-ln-X-amb F{Xtbm A\m-Nm-c--fp-v. Iz_vd-S-nb
Znhkw Hcp {]tXyI coXn-bn-ep cv dIv-Av \a-kvIm-cw, ]nSn-
ap sh, knkn- e , apJ- s - g p- v , A\- B kn ss_v
XpS- n- b h AXn Nne- X m- W v . CXns\mpw Ckv e m- a p- a mbn
bmsXmcp _-hp-an-. CXp sNp--h apl-Zv \_n(-kz) ]Tn-
n Ncysb ]np-Scm-h-cm-Wv.
Xkv _ opw XIzo\pw
anv ad- a m- S n- - g n- m DS- s \- s ]tc- X m- m- h nv
Xkv_ov tNmZn-p-Ibpw ]m]-tam-N-\-n\v Bh-iy-s-Sp-Ibpw
sN kp-m-Wv. Dkvam(-d) ]d-bp-p: \_n(-kz) anv
adhpsNbvXp-I-gn-m AhnsS \np sImv ]dbpw: \n-fpsS
ktlm-Zc - \v ]m]-tam-N\ -
- n-\m-hi - y-s-Sp-Ibpw Xkv_ov tNmZn-p-
Ibpw sNp-I. Imc-Ww, Atlw Ctm tNmZn-s - -Sp-Ib
- m-Wv.'' (A-
_q-Zm-hq-Zv) Iz_vdn shv ae-p-I tNmZyw sNp-tm sscyw
\Im Bhiy-s-p-sImp {]mY-\bmWv Xkv_o-v. AXn\v
\nWnX ]Z-cq-] - s- fmpw lZo-kn hn-n-. AXn-\m Cu Dtiy
\nh-l-W-n-\m-h-iy-amb {]mY-\-I am{Xw kuI-cyw-t]mse \S-
m-hp--Xm-Wv. Xkv_o-ns Hcp cq]w Xmsg sImSp-p-p.

p nL s o s dnG .nGnGr o r p dr Gn s o s dnG .GnD t dG ~n r Yp o r u Kn s o s dnG
.nn dr G u co r ep o r ep GB s o s dnG .or M
n Qr Gnh o dn r p Zr G s o s dnG .pr n r L
n r Yn n r n dG
Am- l p- t h, tNmZyw sNp ka- b v At- l - n\v \o

sscyw \tI- W - t a. adp- ] Sn tXmn- np sImSp- t - W - t a.
Am-lp-th, \o At-l-n\v s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw Icp-W-
sN-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta.
Fm Xkv _ o- ns\ kw_- nv tIc- f - nse apkv e nw-
I hfsc A{i--cm-sWv ]d-tb-n-bn-cn-p-p. {]hm-N-Is
Cu kpv ]ep-a-dn-bn F-XmWv kXyw. CXn\p ]Icw
h- X mWv XIzo. Camw Iz_v d ns Xe- ` m- K v an- ns
apJs ey-amn Ccn-p-Ibpw _mn-bp--h-scmw \np-
Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv an-n\v sNmn-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-
Ibpw sNp GXm\pw Ad- _ n- h - N - \ - - f m- W - X v . an- ns
]nXmhv GXm-sWv Dd-n-m-Xv sImm-bn-cnmw amXm-hns
t]cv tNv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXp-sImv AXv Cs\ XpS-
p-p. ""\ns-b-Sp- Idp ]q-p-Xpw apSn Im]mZw
hsc \op-In-S-p--Xp-amb cv ae-p-I hcp-tm.''
CXn\v sXfn- s h- t mWw Hcp ]cn- i p \_n- h - N \w sXmb
AY-n Nne D-cn-m-dp-Xv ""\n-fn \nv ac-Wm-k--
cm- b - h v em C- e ml C- mlv Fv sNmn- s m- S p- pI.''
(apkv e ow) Fm- W n- X ns icn- b mb AYw. Fm CXn
]d aum F ]Z-n\v acn--h Fv AYw ]d-bp-Ibpw
em C-eml C-mlv F-Xn\v XIzo FY-am-p-I-bp-amWv
Cu Zphym-Jym-\-m sNm-dp--Xv. hmkvX-h-n Cu lZo-
kns hnh AX- m- s bv apgp- h lZokv hymJym- X m- fpw
A`n-{]m-b-s-n-cn-p-p. DZm-l-c-W-n\v anivIm-ns hymJym-
\-amb anIzm-n ]d-bp-Xp am{Xw ChnsS ]Imw. ""AXm-
bXv \n- f n acWw Bk- - a m- b - h v Xulo- Z ns hN\w
sNmn-sm-Sp-pI FXv. Cv P\--fp-sS-bn-S-bn Adn-b-s-Sm-
-Xm-Wv. \_n(-k) bpsS hN-\s CXn\p thn D]-tbm-Kn-m-
h-X-.'' (anIzmv 2:329).
kmz- \ - s - S p-
D-hcpw DS-b-hcpw acn-p-t]mb hoSns Ah timI-aq-
I- a m- b n- c n- pw. Ccw k`- - f n Abmcpw Iqp- I m- c p-
samw Ahn-sS-sv Ahsc kam-iz-kn-n-p-Ibpw a-b-h-ew-
_n- m D]- t Z- i n- p- I bpw sNt- - X p- v . CXnv Ckv e m- a n
kmz\-s-Sp- AYhm XAvknb-v Fp-]-d-bp-p.
Ccw hnj-a-L---fn Xs ktlm-Z-cs\ klm-bn-m\pw
kam-iz-kn-n-m\pw Xm-dp kXy-hn-izm-knv Amlp Ay-
\m-fn am\y-X-bpsS hkv{Xw [cn-n-p--Xm-Wv. (C-_v\p-am-P)
AhnsS Xfw- s In \np ZpxJ- ` mcw \on- - f - b m

]p kw`m-j-W- Ah-cp-ambn ]n-Sm {in-t--Xm-Wv.
GI-k-m\w am{X-ap-m-bn-cp Hcp Akzmco h\nX Ah-cpsS
Ipn acn--Xn AXn-bmbn ZpxJn-p. \_n(-k)v Cu hnhcw e`n-
-tm Atlw Ahsc kam-iz-kn-n-m Atmv t]mhp-I-
bp-m-bn. \_n(-kz) Ah-tcmSv Am-lp-hns\ kqn-m\pw a-
b-h-ew-_n-m\pw Bh-iy-s-p. Fnv ]d-p: Hcp apkveo-amb
]pcp-jt\m kv{Xotbm, Ah-cpsS a acn--Xns t]cn a-
b- h - e w- _ n- m AXns t]cn Amlp Ahsc kzK- n
{]th-in-n-m-Xn-cn-n-. Atm Da(-d) tNmZn-p: ""cv t]cm-
bmtem?'' Ahn-Spv ]d-p: ""cp t]cm-bm-epw.'' (lm-nw)
AXp-t]mse kmz-\-s-Sp-m sNp--h Ahmbn
{]tXyIw {]mYn- m {in- - W w. CXn\v ac- W m- \ - cw F
A[ym-b-n-ep--cn {]mY-\-tbm, apAvX bp-n sIme-sN-
- s PAv ^ dns(- d ), ]p{X A_v Z p- (- d )sb hnfn- p- s Imv
\_n(-kz) {]mYn--Xp-t]m-setbm BImw. AXn--s\-bmhmw: Am-
lpth, PAv^dns (A-km-n[yw ]cn-l-cn-p cq]-n B)
IpSpw- _ - n\v \smcp ]nKm- a nsb sImSp- t - W - s a, A_v Z p- -
bpsS CS-]m-Sp-I-fn \o A`n-hr-n-bp-m-p-Ibpw sNt-W-sa.
Cu hmNIw aqv {]mhiyw \_n(-kz) Bhnv ]d-p.
D- h acn- p- t ]mb hop- I mv `Ww ]mIw- s Nbv X p
sImSp-p-Ibpw AXv Ign-m kuay-ambn Ahsc \n_-n-p-
Ibpw sNt-Xv ap apkveow ktlm-Z-c--fpsS _m[y-X-bm-Wv.
ZpxJm- - c o- - n `Ww kzbw ]mIwsNm\pw AXv Ign-
m\pw X-fpsS ]np-a--sf Ign-n-m-\p-ap am\-kn-Im-h
Ah-tm Dm-bn-cn-n-. Cu k`w Kuc-h-]qw ]cn-K-
Wn-p-sImv Xs-bm-bn-cn-Ww ap apkveow ktlm-Z-c-fpw
s]cp-am-td--Xv. Ahv `-Whpw apkuI-cy-fpw Fn-p-
sIm-Sp-m ap--h Ftmgpw PmK-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-t--Xp-am-Wv.
lnPv d H]Xmw hjw apAv X bp- n PAv ^ (- d ) c
kmn-bm-bn. Atm \_n(-kz) ]d-p: ""PAv^dns IpSpw-
_- n\v \n `Ww ]mIwsNbv X p sImSp- p- I . ImcWw
AXn \nsmw {i- X n- c n- p- I - f - b p Hcp hm- b mWv
Ahv hs-n-bn-cn-p-Xv.'' (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv)
Iqpw ASn- b - n- c hpw
Ckvem-an-I-amb XAvknb-ns cq]-amWv apI-fn hni-Zo-
I-cn--Xv. Fm \psS kap-Zm-b-n CXns t]cn ]e A\m-
Nm-c-fpw Cp \S-p-p. Cu A\m-Nm-c-smw t\XrXzw
\In ^Xv h - b p- a mbn \S- p- Xv kap- Z m- b - nse Nne ]n-
Xam- c m- W v FXv tJZ- I - c - a mWv . acn a\p- j ys hop- I m

aqmw Znhkw kwL-Sn-n-p kZy-h--n-\mWv Iq-v Fv
]d- b p- - X v . Ah `- W - a p- m- p- I bpw P\- Iq- a mbn B
hon- t ev {]h- l n- p- I bpw sNpp. Ccw Hcp k{- Z mbw
{]hm-N-I ]Tn-n-n-n-. kzlm-_n-I-fmcpw kzoI-cn-n-n-. am{X-a-
, Pmln-enm Ime-L--nse k{-Zm-b-am-bmWv AXns\ Ah
I- X v . Pco- d p_v \ p A_v Z p- (- d ) bn \np- - c n- p- p. ""an-
ns hon kt-fn-epw AXv ad-hp-sNbvX tijw AhnsS
`Ww Hcp-epw Pmln-en--nse shdp--s Hm-cn-bpsS Iq-
n-emWv kzlm-_n-I-fmb R ]cn-K-Wn-n-cp-Xv.'' (C-_v\p-am-
P, Alva-Zv) C_v\p-am-P(-d)-bpsS dntmn\v apl-Zv ^pBZv A_v-
Zp_m-Izn sImSp hni-Zo-I-cWw {it-b-am-Wv. R kzlm-
_n- I ImWp- p F {]tbmKw kzlm- _ n- I - f psS CPv a m-
Cs\tbm (G-Im-`n-{]m-bw) \_n(-kz)-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-stbm Ipdn-
p-p. (1:514)
XAvknb-n\v Cs\ Hcp {]tXyI ev Hcp-anpIqSp-
Xv Xs im^nCu aZv l _v FXnn- p- v . kz- m- c psS
acWw aptJ\ ZpxJ-a-\p-`-h-s--h X-fpsS ]Xnhp tPmen-I-fn
apgp-Ip-I. km`n-I-ambn hon Ibdnhcp--hsc kzoI-cn-pI
F-msX AXn-mbn Hcp-n-bn-cn-p kz`mhw A`n-e-j-Wo-b-
a-. CXmWv Camw im^n-Cu(-d)-bpw \h-hn(-d)bpw A`n-{]m-b-s-n-
p--Xv. aPvaqAv 5:306, A-Dv 1:248) CB-\-p-p-en-_o-\n
]d-bp-Xv ImWp-I: Cv P\- sNbvXp-h-cp AYhm acn
hon Hcp- a n- p- I q- S p- I bpw `Ww ]mIwsNp- I bpw sNp
BNmcw \njn- - a mb _nZv - A - m- W v . Cu Zpcm- N mcw \ndp- - e m-
m ]cn-{i-an-p `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iv Am-lphn \nv al-
mb {]Xn-êw e`n-p--Xm-Wv (2:145).
Iq-v, ASn-b-n-cw, Bv Fnh-sbmw BN-cn-p-Xv
ldm- a m- s Wv t]mepw InXm_v HmXn- - T n- - h Hmm- d n- s Xv
hfsc tJZ-I-c-am-Wv. IpSpw-_-\m-Y acn-m At-l-ns k-
n\v bYmY Ah-Im-in-I-fp-m-Ipw. Ah-cn {]mb-]qn-bm-
hm sNdn- b - I p- n- I - f p- m- I pw. Ah bYmY bXo- a p- I - f m- W v .
Izp- B ]d- b p- p: ""Xo- b mbpw A\m- Y - a - - f psS kv
A\ym- b - a mbn `pPn- p- - h AhcpsS hb- n- t e- n- d - p- Xv
Xobm-Wv. Ah \c-I-n {]th-in-pI Xs sNpw. (A-
n- k mAv : 10) hfsc \nm- c - a mbn kap- Z mbw KWn- m- d p Cu
Imcy- ns Kuc- h - s am- m- t em- N np t\mp. hfsc tJZ- I cw
Xs.
Iz_v knbm-dv
Iz_v ki\w Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-n-p-v. BZy-Im-ev
AXv hntcm- [ n- p- I bpw ]noSv A\p- h - Z n- p- I - b p- a m- W p- m- b - X v .
\_n(-kz) ]d-bp-p: \nv Rm Iz_v knbm-dv hntcm-[n-
n-cp-p. C\n \n kinpsImf-fp-I. AXv \nv ]c-
temI t_m[-ap-m-pw. (ap-kveow, Alva-Zv). Iz_v knbm-dv
A\p-h-Zn--Xn\p ]nn-ep Dtiyhpw IqSn hni-Zo-I-cnp sImm-
Wv {]hm-N-I (kz) AX-\p-h-Zn-n-p--Xv. ki\w \nv
KpW-]mTw \evIpw. (A-lva-Zv). ki\w lrZ-bs \na-e-am-
pw, Io s]mgn-pw. (lm-Inw)
Xs _p--an-{X--Ip-Spw-_m-Zn-I-fp-sS-sbmw Iz_v k-in-
p-tm, Dd-mbpw Xs `mhn-Po-hn-Xs kw_-npw apw a\-
n hnIm-c--fp-Zn-m-Xn-cn-n-. Xs IqsS Pohn-X-nse kpJ-
-Zpx-J- ]n ]ecpw Cv Xs IqsS-bn-. Ah-scmw Ft-
p-ambn hnp-]n-cnv an--Sn-bn t]mbn-cn-p-p. CtXmp-
tm Xm\pw Hcp \m acn-m-\p--h-\m-sW t_m[w a\-n-
ep-Zn-p-p. Cu t_m[-amWv Iz_v knbm-dp sImv Dt-in-p-
-Xpw. AXp-sIm-mWv ki-\-th-f-bn Amlp Dt-in-m
Rfpw \n-tfmSv IqsS Xs hp-tN-cp--Xm-sWv \_n(-k)
D]-tZ-in-m Imc-W-am-Ipw. CXv ]dp sImv Xncnpt]mcp
Hcp a\p-jy Xs Pohn-X-n Iptd t\c-t-s-nepw \nb-
{Ww ]men-p-sa-p-d-m-Wv.
bphm--fmb ]epw {]mb-ap, Iv Ipgn-, Ihnsfmn-
b, ]v sImgn- , Ip\n- q\n \S- p Ing- h amsc ImWp-
tm Hcp anYym-[m-cW Dm-Im-dp-v. Npdp-Np-dp-p ico-chpw
Atcm-Ky-ap {]Ir-Xn-bp-ap Rm ASp-smpw acn-n- Fv.
ImcWw Xs-m {]mb-ap--h Cpw acn-n-n-. Cu sNdp--
m- c aIzv _ d- I kin- p- p- s h- n Xs- m {]mbw
Ipd [mcmfw t]sc AhnsS ImWm Ign-bpw. Atm Rm

t\cs acn-t--h-\m-bn-cp-p-shv t_m[y-am-Ipw. X\n-n-v,
Xs acn-p-t]mb Iqp-Im-c-s\-m {]mbw IqSp-X-em-Wv. Ah
t\c-s- t]m-bn. Rm Ftm acn-t--h-\m-bn-cp-p. CXmWv
knbm-dv sImv t\Sn-sb-Sp-m-\p--Xv. aXw A\p-h-Zn -e-y-
-pdw Hpw Xs knbm-dv sImv Dt-in-m-h-X-.
knbm-dv thf-bn Ahp-thn {]mYn-m \_n(-kz)
Iev]n-n-p-v. Cu {]mY\ sNdnb ]Z-hy-Xym-k--tfmsS hnhn[
dntmp-I-fn hn-p-v. Hn-hnsS sImSp-p-p.
apAv a n\p- I - f p- s Sbpw apkv e nw- I - f p- s Sbpw tKlta, \n- f n

Am-lp-hns c-bp-m-h-s. Amlp Dt-in-p]w \n-
fn-tev Rfpw hp-tN-cp--Xm-Wv. \n R-fpsS apKm-
an-Ifpw R \n-sf ]np-S---h-cpw. \npw Rpw
kuJy- n- \ mbn R Am- l p- h n- t \mSv {]mn- p- p. (ap-
kv e ow, Alv a Zv ) Iz_v ki- \ - t h- f - b n Fp {]mYn- - W -
sav BC-i(-d) tNmZn--tm-gmWv \_n(-k) CXv \ntZinp sImSp-
Xv.(-ap-kvenw)
CXmWv Ckv e mw A\p- h - Z n Iz_v knbm- d - ns cq]w.
AXm- b Xv Iz_v d m- f n- I v ki- I - c n \nv e`n- p ta
]d {]mY\, ki-Ip-m-Ip ]c-tem-I-t_m-[w, Fo
cp hyh--tfm-Sp-IqSn am{X-amWv knbm-dv A\p-h-Zn-n-p--
Xv. Fm, Cv kap-Zm-b-n \S-p- ]e knbm-d-p-Ifpw
Fm-\n-epw Ckv-em-ans ]cn-[n--p-d-pXm-Wv.
kv { XoI- f psS Iz_v knbm- d v
kv { XoI Iz_v knbm- d v sNp- - X ns\ kw_- nv
hnhn[ A`n-{]m-b-fp-v. Iz_v kin-p kv{XoIsf \_n(-
kz) i]n Hcp dntmmWv `n-Xv \nZm-\w. im^nCu aZvl-
_n kv{XoInXv Idm-l-m-sWpw ldm-am-sWpw A\p-h-
Z-\o-b-am-sWpw hyXy A`n-{]m-b- ImWmw. (anlm-Pv).
Iz_v knbm- d v A\p- h - Z n- p- s Im- p Iev ] - \ - b n kv { XoI
s]Sp-I-bn-s-mWv im^nCu aZvl-_nse {]_-e-amb A`n-{]m-b-
sav Camw \h-hn(-d) ]d-bp-p. (i--lp apl-_v 5:311).

]t, Cu hnj- b - I - a mbn h lZo- k p- I ]cn- t im- [ n- p-
tm kv { XoIv Iz_v knbm- d v ldm- a m- s Wv a\- n- e m-
m am{X-ap sXfnhp-I-sfm-p-an-. \_n(-kz) bpsS im]-n\v
hnt[-b-cm-b-h nc-ambn Iz_v kin-p kv{XoI am{X-
am- W v . C_v \ p- A - m- k n \np Nne dntmp- I - f n Iz_v
kin-p kv{XoI Fp-ap-v. ]t, CXns \nth-ZI]c-
c {]_-e-a-s-mWv B[p-\nI lZokv ]n-X-\mb A_m\n
A`n-{]m-b-s-n-p--Xv. ""A_vZp-m-ln_v\p A_qap-sse-I(-d)-bn
\nv. Hcp Znhkw BC-i(-d) aIzv_d-bn \nv hcp-Xp I-
tm R tNmZn- p. \n Fhn- S v hcp- p. Ah ]d-
p: A_q-_-Ivdn(d)s ]p{X A_vZp-dlvams Iz_vdn-S-n
\nv. Atm tNmZn-p: \_n(-kz) Iz_v knbm-dv hntcm-[n-
n-nt? Ah ]d-p. ""AsX. ]noSv ki\w A\p-h-Zn-p.''
BC-i(-d)-bn \np asmcp dntmn ]ns Cfhv A\p-h-
Znp Fm- W v . (lm- nw) Iz_v ki- \ - t h- f - b n Fp
{]mYn--W-sav BC-i(-d) tNmZn--tm \_n(-k) \ntZ-in
{]mY\ t\cs \mw Ip Ign--Xm-W-tm.
Pmln-enm Ime-L--hp-am-bp P\--fpsS ASpw Imc-W-
amWv \_n(-k) BZy-Im-ev Iz_v knbm-dv hntcm-[n--Xv. Nne-
tm ki-\-th-f-bn Pmln-enm BNm-c-fpw A\p-jvTm-\-
fpw Hman- p- I bpw Bhn- p- I bpw sNm- X n- c n- m- \ m- b n-
cpp AXv. ki\w ]Xn-hm-nb kv{XoIsfbmWv {]hm-N-I
i]n--sX-Xv {it-b-am-Wv. asmcp dntmn Amlp i]n-n-
cn-p-p-sh-mWp-Xv (Xpap-Zn, A_p-Zm-hq-Zv)
Cu hnj- b - I - a mbn h lZo- k p- I - f psS N- b n Camw
ium\n IzXzq- _ n- b psS A`n- { ]mbw D- c n- Xv {it- b - a m- W v :
i]np sImp {]tbmKw, nc- a mbn Iz_v kin- p- -
hsc Dt-in-m-Wv. kv{XoI-sf \nev hyn-]-c-ambn Ahv
Ic-n IqSp-Ibpw kucyw {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw sNp-sa-p-Xv
sImm-W-Xv. CXn-s\mpw km[y-X-bn-m nXn-bn Ahsc
XS- b p- - X n\v \ymb- s am- p- a n- . ImcWw ac- W - k v a - c W
kv { XoIpw ]pcp- j ampw Bh- i y- a m- W - t m. (ss\- e p
HuXzm 4:95)
Iz_v d n- e p- - h - t cmSv {]mYn-
ssiJn- s bpw hen- n- s bpw X- f p- s Sbpw aIzv _ d- I - f n
knbm- d - ns t]cn Cv \S- p- Xv XnIpw A\n- k v e m- a n- I -
amb Imcy- - f m- W v . B{Kl k^- e o- I - c - W - n- \ mbn Ah- t cmSv

klm- b - a Yn- p- I , Iz_v app- I , Io hmp- I , AhnsS
Xncn-sIm-fp-p-I, ]nv aqSpI XpS-n-b-h-sbmpw Ckvemw A\p-
h-Zn-p-n-. N-\-p-Sw, t\, Ddqkv Fn-s\ Fsmw
t]cp-I-fn "Iz_v ]qP' \S-p-p.
Iz_vdn InS-p a\p-jy Am-lp-hn-s-b-Sp- ]Z-hn-
bp alm-\m-sWpw Atlw aptJ\ ]m]n-I-fmb \apv Am-
lp-hns kmao]yw t\Sm km[n-p-sa-p aqV-hn-izm-k-amWv
Ccw knbm-d-ns ]nn-ep--Xv. Ipn-bv-I-p hkvXp-
hn- s \- t mse a\p- j ycpsS Iz_Iw ImWm Ign- h p- - h cpw,
Fhn-sS-shv hnfn-mepw hmbvIq-Sm-Xp-cw sNp--h-cp-amWv ac-
W-s hyn F hnizm-k-amWv CXn--hsc t{]cn-n-p--Xv.
CsXms Am- l p- h n\v Ah- I m- i - s Imcy- - f n Ahs
krjv S n- I sf ]p- t N- e m- b - X p- s Imv inm- W v . Izp- B
in-bmbn FXn Cu Imcyw, Cv Nne ]n-X-m-scv ]d-
b-s-Sp--h-cpsS A\p-a-Xn-tbmSpw Binhm-Z-tmSpw IqSn-bmWv
\S- p- Xv .
Iz_v sIn-sm-
Fmepw inp- ] - c - a mb hnizm- k mNm- c - smw
tI{-ambn hn-m-dp-Xv sIn-sm-nb Iz_vdp-I-fm-Wv. AXp-
sImv Xs-bmWv Ckvemw Cu Imcy-n \njvIr-jvS-amb \nb-
a--fm-hn-jvI-cn-n-p--Xpw.
Iz_v d n AXn- s \- m IqSp- X av Iqm\pw sIn- s m-
m\pw Ipmbw tXm\pw Hpw ]mSn- s - v {]hm- N - I (kz)
{]tXyIw Iev ] n- - X m- W v . Iz_v Ipmbw ]qip- Xpw
AXnta Ccn-p-Xpw IqSp-X av Iqp-Xpw AXnta
Fgp-Xp-Xpw \_n(-kz) hntcm-[n-n-cn-p-p (ap-kveow, A_qZm-
hq-Zv). A_q-l-m-Pp Ak-Znv ]d-bp-p: Aen(-d) FtmS ]d-
p: \_n(- k z) Fs \ntbm- K n Hcp Imcy- n\v Rm
Xmsfbpw D- c - h m- Z - s - S p- - s . cq]- - s fmpw Xn- b p- S -
bvmsX hnS-cp-Xv. sIn-sm-nb Iz_vdp-I \nc-m-sXbpw hnt-
-cpXv (ap-kvenw). Iz_v sIn-sm-p--Xns\ kw_-nv \_n(-
kz) ]d- - X m- W n- X v . im^nCu aZv l - _ p- I m- s cv ]d- b p Nne
CsXmw sNp-Xv aZvl-_ns ]np-W-bp-s hnizm-k-tm-
sSbmWv. Fm kXym-h t\scadn-m-Wv. Camw im^n-Cu(-
d) ]d-bp-Xv t\mpI: Iz_v `qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-n \nv GI-
tZiw Hcp Nm Dbp- - X n- s \- b mWv Rm Cjv S - s - S p- - X v .
AXn-t Hpw ]Sp-p-bp-hmt\m Ipmbw tXp-hmt\m
]mSp--X. aplm-Pn-dp-IfpsSbpw Akzm-dp-I-fp-sSbpw Iz_vdp-I
Ipm- b - a n cq]- n In- n- . Iz_v d p- I ]Sp- p- b n- b -
Xns\ Xp-S-bvm `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I Iev]n-p-Xv Rm In-
p- v . Atm ]n- X m AXns\ Bt- ] n- p- Xv Rm
In-n-. (A-Dv 1:245,246)
Iz_v d p- I - f psS apI- f n m]n- n- p Izp- I DSs\-
s s]mfnp\o- W w. A- h nsS In- n- p hnf- p- I fpw

Xncn- I fpw Fmw \n_- - a mbpw \on- - f - t b- - X m- W v . Ahn-
tSv bmsXmpw hIzv^v sNm\pw ]mSn-.'' im^nCu aZvl-_nse
{]kn ]n-X-\mb C_v\p-l-P-dp sslX-an(-d) -Xs khm-Pn-
dn CsXmw hy-ambn ]d-n-p-v. (1:121)
Iz_v d p- I v Nppw D- h - - f p- m- n, acn a\p- j ysc
AXn- c p- I - h nv _lp- a m- \ n- p- I bpw Cu _lp- a m- \ m- Z - c - h p- I
inn-te-s-n-p-Ibpw sNp kz`m-h-amWv Cv [mcm-f-ambn
ImWp- - X v . bYmY- n Ccw Imcy- Xs- b m- b n- c pp
]p-Im-ev apivcnp-Ifpw sNbvXn-cp--Xv. Ah-cpsS hn{K-l-
- f psS apn ImWn- n- c p Bcm- [ \m- ` mhw Xs- b mWv Cv
apkvenw-I Iz_vdp-Iv Nppw Imn-q-p--Xv. Camw dmkn(-d)
Xs X^vko-dn ]d-bp-Xv t\mpI: Xo-bmbpw Ahn-izm-kn-
I hn{K-l--sfbpw {]Xn-a-I-sfbpw m]n-Xv Ah-cpsS \_n-
am- c p- s Sbpw almamcpsSbpw cq]- n- e m- b n- c p- p. Cu hn{K- l -
v C_m- Z - s - S p- p- - X n apgp- I n- b m, B \_n- a mcpw
almmcpw Ahv Am- l p- h n- ip]mi sNp- s a- - h
Pev]n-p. Cu Imev [mcmfw a\p-jy almm-cpsS Iz_vdp-I
_lp-am-\n-p--Xn (X-AvZow) apgp-In-bn-cn-p-Xpw CXn\p Xpeyw
Xs. Ah hniz-kn-p--Xv, almm-cpsS Iz_vdp-Isf _lp-am-
\n-m {]kvXpX Iz_vdp-I-fnse almam Ahv Am-lp-hn-
s-b-Spv ip]mi-sN-p-sa-m-Wv. (X-^vko-dp I_o 60:17,18)
Am-lp-th, \osbs Iz_vdns\ Bcm-[n--s-Sp hn{K-l-
am--cp-tX. Iz_vdp-I ]n-I-fm-p--h-scbpw AhnsS hnfv
sImfp- p- - h - s cbpw Amlp i]n- n- c n- p- p (A- _ qZm- h q- Z v ) ,
Fs Iz_v d ns\ \n D- h - - e - a m- - c p- X v (A- _ q- Z m- h q- Z v )
Fsm- s - b p \_n- h - N - \ - apnsh- p- s Imv Cv
apkv e nw kap- Z m- b - n \S- p Iz_v d m- c m- [ \sb kw_- nv
Hp Nnn-p-t\m-pI. Iz_v knbm-dv F t]cn \S-p
BNm- c - s f- s m- s - b m- W v . \_nbpsS(- k z) Iz_v d n- - S pv
t]mepw D-h- kwL-Sn-n-m ]mSn-s-n AXn\v Xmsg-
bp "Huen-bm--fp-'sSbpw ssiJp-am-cp-sSbpw Imcyw ]d-tb--
Xn--tm. Camw ium-\n(-d)- Fgp-Xp-p: ""Iz_vdp-Iv aosX Pmd-
- f p- m- p- I bpw Ah tamSn ]nSn- n- p- I bpw sNp- - X p- a qew
Ckvemw hne-]n-p-sIm-n-cn-m-\n-S-bmp Fsmw Ipg---
fmWv ]Sv ]-en-n-cn-p--Xv. Im^n-dp-I hn{K-l-sf kw_-
nv hnizkn-p--Xp-t]mse A-hn-izm-kn-I Cu Pmd-sf
kw_-nv hniz-kn-p-p. Pmd- Ahv \ t\Sn-sm-Sp-

m\pw Xn XSp-p-hm\pw Ign-hp--h-bm-sW--h hniz-kn-p-
p. As\ Ah-cpsS B{K-l-k-^-eo-I-c-W-pw ê-kn-n-
p-ap A`-b-tI-{-ambpw B Pmd-sf Ah IW-m-p-p.
kXy-hn-izm-kn-I Am-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-p--Xp-t]mse Pmd--
fn In-S-p--h-tcmSv Ah tNmZn-p-p. Ahn-tSv XoYm-S\w
\S- p- p. AXn- b mb hW- - t mSpw hn\- b - t mSpw IqSn
Ahsb sXmp XS-hp-Ibpw c-tX-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. Npcp--
n Pmln-enm Imem hn{K-l--tfmSv ImWn-n-cp Bcm-
[\m hgn- ] m- S p- I - f n Hpw Xs Ch Cu Pmd- - t fmSv ImWn-
msX t]mbn-n-. Cm-en-m-ln.......(-ss\-ep HuXzm 4:72)
{]hm- N - I s Iev ] - \ - I ]msS ]cn- X y- P n- - X ns ê- a mbn
apkvenw-I Fn-t Zb-\o-bm-h--bm-Wn-Xv. {]hm-N-I ]d-
p: aqv ]n-I-fn-te--msX {]tXyI ]pWyw Dt-in-p-sImv
bm{X-sN-m-h-X-. Hv akvPn-Zp ldmw, cv akvPn-Zp--_-hn,
aqv akv P n- Z p AIzv k m (_p- J m- c n). aqp- a - msX {]tXyIw
]pWy-ap-t-inv XoY-bm{X \S-m-hp asmcp tI{w dkq(-
kz) ]Tnn- n- n- . CXns ewL- \ - a mWv apkv e nw kap- Z m- b s
Cs Ah- - b n- s e- n- - X v . AXp- s Imv A\m- N m- c -
ssIsh-Sn-bp-I. bYmY BNm-c--f-\p-jvTn-p-I. AXn\v kh-
i--\mb dv \s-sbmw A\p-{K-ln--s! Bao

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tcmKw acWw anv kwkvI-cWw 3

kn apl- Zv keow kpan

P.B NO: 524, R.M.ROAD, KOZHIKODE-2, PHONE: 0495 2701812

kn apl-Zv keow kpan

Cu Zpbmhv ]c-tem-I-t-p Irjn-bn-S-am-Wv. ChnsS \

Fpw \op \ng-emWv Zpbmhv F t_m[-n. AXmWv

ImWmw. a\pjy Pohn-X-s apqSpw A-hn-izm-k--fn \nv

p-shpw BCi(-d) {]kvXm-hn--Xmbn _pJm-cn-bnepw apkven-an-

Imcy- - s fmw Am- l p- h ns A[n- I m- c - ] - c n- [ n- b n s]- X m- W v .

-fpsS cq]w CXn \np hy-am-Wv.

acWw Bk-a- m-bm

ans\ kw_- n- n- S - t mfw Hcn- epw A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a - . Ihn-

amam-cmb cv apkvenw kmn-I-sf-tbm, Ahsc Inn-bn-s-n

bn FXv Cu hnj-b-ns Kuchw t_m[y-am-p-p(lm-Inw).

Am- l p- h - msX \nm- c mWv ]m]- s]mdp- p- X - c m- \ p-

InS- Xv ? Fnv \o Ahs\ kin- n- ? \n\- - h nsS Fs

{]kv X m- h n- p- p. R- f n \nv Bs- nepw tcmKw _m[n-

Atlw Iznbm- a v \mfn Fgp- t p- Xv X_n- v

sNbv X m AhXv e`n- p- I - b n- v A`n- { ]m- b - s - n- p- - X v . ''

Hcp kv { Xo At- l - ns Xe- a - S n- b nshv A- l - k n- m XpS-

[cn- m- s av C- X n \np hy- a m- W v . sh- h - k v { X- a - W n- b - W -

acWw Adn-bn-epw ad-hp-sN-epw

thK- n adhp sNWw

acym-Z-I-sfmw Adn-bp--hcpw an-n-t\mSv Ghpw ASp--h-cp-

ns Kply- m- \ - - s fmw ipNn- b m- - W w. XpSv ]qW

apSnbpw XmSn-bp-sams shn--f-bp-Itbm sN-cp-sX-mWv `qcn-

- c p- X v . ImcWw AXv thK- n {Zhn- p- t ]m- I m- \ p- - X m-

\np--XmWv Am-as hkv{X-sa lks(-d) A`n-{]mbw

[mcmfw Izodm-Xp-I \jvS-s-Sp-n-btm.(^-Xvlp_m-cn) P\mk

L-n Bh-iyw. Fm ]e-bn-Spw Cu Iev]-\-s-Xn-cm-

-Xm-Wv. Hcp PqXs P\mk IS-p-t]m-b-tm \_n(-kz) Fgp-

\a-kvIm-cm-\-cw \_n(-kz) an-dn Ibdn {]kw-Kn-p-Ibpw

Nm]n- v thn- b p \a- k v I mcw

]nn AWn- b mbn \nv \a- k v I - c n- p. (_p- J m- c n, apkv e nw)

cm{Xn Xs kzlm-_n-am Ahsc sImp-t]mbn ad-hp-sN-bvXp.

nc-sp hn-n-m-Xp sImv an-ns Ghpw ASp

\pw IqSn Hcp \a- k v I mcw aXn. ac- W - a - S - - h - c n ]pcp- j - mcpw

l- I zn). CXns ]c- c kzoIm- c y- t bm- K y- a m- s Wv ]n- X m

\_n(-kz)-bn \nv dntmv sN-s {]mY-\-I-fn NneXv

a- a mb "lp' F {]tbmKw anv kv { XobmIptmgpw amt- -

kv { XoI- f psS anv \a- k v I mcw

{]hm-N-Iamp {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. BC-i(-d) ]d-bp-p: \_n(-

av Iz_v d n- t ev hmcn- b - n S- W w. \_n(- k z) anv \a- k v I - c n

Hcp a\p-jys\ Iz_vdn shp-Ibpw Abm-fpsS Iz_vdn hnfv

Am- l p- t h, tNmZyw sNp ka- b v At- l - n\v \o

AhnsS Xfw- s In \np ZpxJ- ` mcw \on- - f - b m

Xam- c m- W v FXv tJZ- I - c - a mWv . acn a\p- j ys hop- I m

Ipd [mcmfw t]sc AhnsS ImWm Ign-bpw. Atm Rm

apAv a n\p- I - f p- s Sbpw apkv e nw- I - f p- s Sbpw tKlta, \n- f n

sav Camw \h-hn(-d) ]d-bp-p. (i--lp apl-_v 5:311).

amb Imcy- - f m- W v . B{Kl k^- e o- I - c - W - n- \ mbn Ah- t cmSv

s s]mfnp\o- W w. A- h nsS In- n- p hnf- p- I fpw

kw_-nv hniz-kn-p-p. Pmd- Ahv \ t\Sn-sm-Sp-

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