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Tides PDF
S ~ E P A R T M E N T OF
41
COMMERCE)
JESSE H. JONES, Secretary
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
LEO OTIS COLBERT. Director
BY
PAUL SCHUREMAN
Senior Mathematician .
-
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PREFACE . .
143
147
153
133
I e;!
I r?S
150
172
173
171
175
118
1 so
I s2
1.PI5
1 82
,139
204
IV COXTEXTS
Tables-Continued. Page
16. Differences t o adapt tslilo 15 to beginning of each culeIidxr iiioittli- 212
17. Differences 60 adant table 15 to )je~riiiniii~uf each dav of iiiontli_- 213
31.6
215
.22s
329
239
930
330
33 1
232
333
334
230
366
98s
25s
399
302
304
306
307
30s
309
309
310
310
31 1
314
8
11
29
.50
77
10s
109
iio
111
112
115
116
117
130
13s
138
13s
128
13s
13s
12s
138
13s
12s
13s
143
145
149
MANUAL OF HARMONIC ANALYSIS
AND PREDICTION OF TIDES
INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL STATEMENT
Prior to the yens 1035, the a.stronomical ~l:t17 wa.s in geiier:~l use .by
a.staronomersfor t,he recording of .nst.roi~oniic.dclnta, but beginning
with t,he Ephemeris and Nsutical Ahn.2lia.C published in 1035 the
civil c1a.y 1in.s been nclopted for the citlcula.tions: Each c1a.y of x7ha.t-
United States, its c:ilencla.r wa.s :dterc.cl by 11 clays, one of these claps
being necessary because of' the cliff erence hetween t,lie Ashtic and
American chtes' when c.omparec1 t~crossthe one hundred nncl e;ight,ictli
.meridian. Dates in the tables at the ba.c.B of this volume refer to
the
'
Gregorian c.a.lenrlar. .
19. Tlie t h e e great. circles forqed by the int)ersections of the planes
' of the enrtli's equator, the d i p t i c , and the moods orbit with the
6 . U. 8. W.4ST AND GEODETTC! SLTRVEP
..
celestial sphere are represented in figure 1. These .circles intersec,t in
sis points, three of tlieni being marked by symbols in the figure,
nynely, the aermzl equinox T a t t,he intersection of the c.elestid equator
and eclipt,ic, the a.sceiicling 1zmcr.r node 6~at tlie intersection of the
ecliptic nnil the projection of Llie inooiis orbit, mid the tmaf. inter-
section. A a t the intersection of the celestial equator and thc projection
of tlie moons orbit. For lwevit8ythese t h e e points are sonietinies
callecl respectively the equines," tlie nocle, and the intexsection.
The vernd equiiios, altvlioughsubjeck to a slow westward motion of
about 50 per year, is generally tn.ken its a fixed point of reference for
the iiiotioii of other parts of the solar system. T&.e,mo.onaao.cleLas. n
westward niotion of about 18 a ven.r, which is sufficient..to carry it
entirely nround a grea.t circle in a lit& less:thai< i.9 yeim.
20. The angle (J between tslie ecliptic ani1 the celestial equator is
known as the obliquity of the ecliptic and has n nearly constant
value of 23)i0. Tlie angle i between the. ecliptic nnd the plane
of the moons orbit is also consta.nt with n value of about 5.
FIGURE
1.
The angle I which measures the inclination of thc nioons orliit to the
celestial equator might appropriately be cdlecl the obliquity of the
moons orbit. Its ningnitude changes with the position of the nioons
node. When the niooiis n.scending node coincides with the vernal
equinox, t h e angle I equsls the sum of w m d i, or Itbout %:A, mid when
the descencling node coincides with the vernd equinox, the angle
lequals the clifference between w and i, or. ,about IS)<. This variation
in the obliquity of the moons orbit wit11 its. perioclof.ap rosimately
1S.Q years iiitsoduces itn inipoi*tail,~,-i.nequdity,.in
which niust be talmi into account.
f
tlie;.:tida niovernent
. . ..
the epoch taken a.8 the basis of the coiiiputatioii would liave 1-esultec1 ,
. 26. The prohlein of finding esprcssions for tida.1 ,forces and tlie
equilibrium height of tho title in teiiiis of timc ttiicl place does not
nclmit8 of n strict solution, but approsiiiinte espressions cnn he oh-
tained wliicli niay be cnrriecl to as high mi order of precision as tlesirecl.
I n orilinnry numerical coinputations esact results are seldom ob-
tained, tlie degree of pr&ision tlepencling upon the iiuniber of clecininl
places used in tlie cmiiputations, whic.li, in turn, will be cleteriiiinecl
largely by the magnitude of the quantity squglit. I n general, tlie
degree of approsinintion to the value of any quantity espressetl
. numericn.lly will be cletmm.iiied by tho number of significant figures
used. With a qumtit,y .represented by a single. significant figure,
the error niay be as great as 3335 perc.ent of tlie quantity itself, while
tlie use of two significant figures will reduce the iizasinzurn error to
less than 5 percent of tlie true d u e of the quantity. The large
possible error in the first case renders it of little value, but in tlie
la*tter c;i.se t,he :xpprosimation is sufficiently c.lose to be nseful when
only .rough results are uecesssiy. Tlie distance of tlie sun froin the
ea,rtli is populnrly espressetl by two sigiiificniit figures as 93,000,000
miles.
27. With t h e e or four significant figures fairly satisfactory axpprosi-
nirttioiis may be represented, nncl with n greater number very prec.ise
resu1t.s may be espressecl. For theoreticnl purposes the highest at-
tainable precision is desirable, but, for practicd purposes, because
of the increase in the liihor without a corresponcling iiicrenie in util-
it,y, it will be usunlly found advantageous to liinit tlie degree of
precision in nccordance with thc prevailing conditions.
28. Frequently a quantity that is to be used its a factor in an espres-
sioii niay be espanclecl into a series of ternis. If the npprosimate
vdue of such n series is near unity, ternis wliidi would nPlect the
third decininl place, if espressecl nunzericdly , slioulcl usually be re-
tained. The retention of tlie snialler teimis will depencl to some es-
H.ARMONIC ANALYSIS AND PREU.ICTIOB O F TIDES 9
tent upon the labor involved since their rejection would not seriously
sffec.t the find results.
29. The forniulas for the Iiiooiis true loagitude m d perallas on
pages 19-20 are said to he given to the second aider of approsimation,
n frn.ction of the first order being considered as one having an approsi-
matmevalue of 1/20 or 0.05, a fraction of the sec?nil order having an
approsinlate v a h e of (0.05jor 0.0035, a frnction of third order having
an approsinlate value of (0.05j3 or 0.000125, ctc. As these forinulas
provide important factors in the development. of the equations repre-
senting the tide-producing forces, they cleterniine to a large estent
the degrees of precision to be espectccl in the results.
DEVELOPMENT OF TIDE-PRODUCING FORCE
FUNDAMENTAL FORMULAS
30. The t.ide-proclucing forces exerted by the inooii mid siiii are '
...
FIGURE
2. .
A I = niass of 1110011,
E=niass of earth,
CI =mean radius of ea.rtli,
p=ntt.ra,ction of gr;ivita.tion bctween unit in:wses a t unit
dist,tmce.
g= iiiettli nccelerntion of grii.vitg on enrthJs surfn.ce.
I.
and inversely
Since the force of grttvi tstion vwies clirec.t,lyRS the 1iia.s~
ns the sc1iiiwe.of the ilist,ance?
A4
Attraction. of inooii for unit imss nt point 0 in direction OC'='x (3)
12 ' IT. S. C10.4ST AND GEODETTC 'S'URVET
_.. .
Attraction of nioon for unit mass at point P in diwction PP- ,-q (3)
39. Froni the plniie triangle COP the following relations may bo
obtained :
b2=?$-d'-2rd COS 2=d2[1 - 2 ( ~ > / d )COS Z+ (r/d)?] (10)
sin 2
+
sin CPR=siii ('PO= (d/hj sin z= [1-2 ( r / d ) cos z ( ~ / C Z ) ? ] ~
43. Foiiiiulas (16) and (17) represenl; completely the verticd rtiicl
liorizont~~.lcomponents of tdir-lunar tide-producing force at, any point
in the earth. If 1' is tctkeri equitl to the mean rclclius.~,the foiinulas
will involve tlie coiistnntj ratio: iU/E and two varittble quanti.ties-
the angle z which is the niooii's zenith distnnce, and the ratio a/d
which is the sine of the mooii's horizontd paritllns in respect to the
n1ea.n r d u s of tlic mrth. Becmise of the sni~lliiess.of the ratio (z/d
i t may ttlso be tdmi as the pard1n.sitself espressecl as a frnc.tioii of a.
rsdim. The pmdlas is largest when the moon is in perigee a?id a t
this t h e tlie ticle-producing force will reach its greatest magnitude.
A more mpid c.linnge in the ticlnl force at yiy point on t>heerl.rth's
surfme is cnmecl by blie coiihuous change !n the zenith dist,aiice of .
the nioon resulting from the earth's rotation. . The vertical coni-
poiient, attn.ins its iiiasiniuni d u e when z ec~iialszero, m d t,he hori-
zontal coiiiponriit b.ns it,s niminium value when iis a. little less than
4.5'. Subsbituting numerical vdues in formulas (10) and [17 j and
in sinii1a.r ioriiiulas for t.he ticle-produc.ing force of the sun, t,he fol-
lowing are obtained as t,he approsiniite ex kenie coinponeiits forces
when the ninon a.nd suii are nearest the earth: -
Greatest F,, /g= . l i 4 y lo-* for moon, or' .054Y for sun ' (1s)
Greatest F0 /g= .107'.<IO-' for 1110011, or .(I41 ?.: for SUI^ (19j
The. horizontal',c.oniponent of the tide-producing force may be nieas- .
ured by its deflection of the plunih line, the relation of tdiis cmiipoiient
t.0 gravity as espressecl by the above forniula. being the t)it!igeiit of
the angle of cleflection. Under tlie most favornble conditions the
240037-41---8
14. U. S. O-A.S'l! A B D GEOIIETTC SURVEY
greatest deflection clue to the moon is about 0.022'' and the greatest
deflection clue to t>hesun is less t h m 0.009'' of am.
44. To siiiiplify the preceding forniul21s, the quantity involving the
fractiona.1 esponent niay be ilevelopecl by Mi.clnurin's t.lieorem into a
series aiwmgecl according to the asc.ending powers of r / d , this being
8 srnnll frncbion with an npprosiiiinke niasimuiii v d u e of 0.018. Thus
1
- 1+ 3 cos 2 ( r / d )
{ 1-2Cr/d) cos a+!,./d)'j*-
+3/3 (,5 cos* 2 - l : ) ( r / d ) z
+5/3 (7 cos3 2-3 cos 2:)(r~/d)~+etc.. (20)
45. 'Siihstit&ing ..(20.)in form& (16). nncl: (17) nncl i!eglecting t,lie
'
FIGURE
3.
. ..
h=nien.n longitude' of sun
T=hour angle of mean sun
Then
X=T+h-v (47)
HARMONIC -4NALYSIS AND PREDICTTON O F TmES 19
61. Substituting the v & e ~ of j ancl:S from (46) a.nd (47)in fornlu-
las (43) to (45), these may be written
FIGURE
4.
P1
=1
22 . U. S. O13ALW ARD GEODETTC SUBVET
HARMORIC ANALYSIS A333 P R & L ~ I C ~ I O WOF ?"IDES 23
nient of the equilibkm tide. By iuinlogy, the argument, of the per-
nlaneiit term may be considered as zero, the cosine of zero being unity.
71. The argiinient sefves to ic1entif;i. 'tlie constituent by determining
its speed ancl period and fising t,he.times of. tlie inmima. and,-nii,ni.iiia'
of the corresponding tidal force. It usudly c.onsists of two pmts
represented by t8hesymbols V ancl qc. When'referring to a particular
instant of t h e such as tlie beginning of n series of observations, the V
is written with B subscript as T70. Tlie first part of the argument in-
cludes any constant and multiples of one or more of the following
astronomical elements-T, the hour angle of the nienn sun a t the
phce of observation; 8 , the niean longitucle of the moon; h the ineaii
longitude of the sun; and p , the longitude of the lunar perigee. The
second part 91. includes multiples of one or both of the elements and v ,
which are functions of the longitude of t,lie inoon's node mid vary
slowly between small positive ancl negn.bivelimits tlirougl~outa 19-ye8.r
cycle. In a series of observations covering n year or less t.hey are
treated as constants with values pertn.ining to t8heniicldle of talleseries.
They do not affect the average speed or period of the constituent.
Tlieir values c.orresponJing to eaclI degree of N , t,he longitucle of 'the
moon's node, nre included in table 6, formulas for. tlieir coinl>utat,ion
being given on
P'
72. The hour y l5l3.
speed of n c.onstitueiit may be obtaInec1 by adding
the hourly speeds of the elements inducled in the '.I of the.argument.
These elementary speeds will be found in table 1. The period of a
constituent is obtained by dividing 360' by its speed. Tlie approsi-
niate period is cleterminecl by tslieelement of greatest speed c.oiit&ecl
in the argument. Thus, the hour angle T h.as n speed of 15' per
mean solar hour and a11 constituents with a sinele T in their argil-
inents .have periods approsiniating one clay, while constituents wjth
argunien ts containing the niultiple 2 T have periods npprosimating
the half clay. Next to T,the element of greatest speed is s the
~iieanlongitnde of the moon, and long-period constituents wi tli a
single s in their arguments will have periods approsima.ting the
montah nnci with any multiple of 8 the c.orresponcliiig fraction of . a
month. The nrgmiients nncl speeds of ,the constituents are listed in
table 2. Numerical values of the srguments for t8he begiiining of
each cdeiidar year from 1850 to 3000 nre.given' in:tahle 15 for con-
stituents used in the Coast and Gendet-ic Survey tide-predicting
mac.liine. Tables I 6 to 18 provide differences for referring these
arguments to any c1a.y and hour of the year.
73. In order to visualize the arguments of the constitue.nts depend-
ing primarily upon the rotation of t.lie earth, some have found it
convenient to con.ceive of n system of fictitious stars, or "nstres fictifs"
n.s they are sometiines cnllecl, w1iic.h move a t a uniform rate in the
celestial equator, each constituent being represented by a separate star.
Thus, for the principal lunar constituent we have the ineaii moon .and
for the principal solar constituent tlie nieaii sun, while tslie various
inequalities in the nio tions of tliese bodies are served by imnginary
stars which ,reac.li t,lie meridian of the. place of. observation at. times
c.oi~espo~id.ing to .the..zero value of the constituent argumeiit. For
the cliuirnnl constituents the argument equals tlie hour angle of tlie
star but, for the seniilidiurnctl constituents tho argument is double the
hour angle of the star.
. 74. ~~)~.~cl.l:c?rf.r.--Tlic
complete coefficient of &achterm of foimulus
(62) to (64) includes s e ~ e r d
important factors. First; the basicjir,ctot.
which ecluals the ratio of the nmss of the 1iioon to that of the earth
Iiniltipliecl by the c.uhe of the niem parallax of the moon, is common
t.0 all of t81ieteims. This toget.lier wi t.li the comimi numericd coeffi-
cient, may be tlesignateil .as the gw.elw.Z coc.fi&~~.t. Nest, the fiiiic.tion
involving the latitnude 1' is I~nowiias the hlitrr.de $ ~ t n r ,each foimiih
having a. different lntitucle factor. Following the latitude fsctor is a
'
Darwin nietliod, the mean for tslie obliquity factor is obtained from
the product of tlie obliquity fnctor nucl the cosine of t.he e1enieiit.s
and 1' appearing in' tlie nrgume~nt. This limy be espressed as t81ie
menn valne of the procluct J c.os u, in which J is the fuiictioii of 1 in
the coeffidient and 91, the func.tion of 5 and 1' in tlie argumeiit. Since
qi. is relatively snidl and its cosine differs little from unity, tlie result-
ing mea11 will not, differ greatly from the iiiem of J done or from tlie
fiinckion of I when given its mean value.
76. Using Da.rwin's system n.8 described in sec.t.ion 6 of his paper
on the'&i.niioJiic Andysis of Ticld Observations publislied in volume I
of his collection of Scientific Pa.pers (also in Report of the British
Association for the Adva.~.icenien t of Sc.ience in ISSS), the following
meail values are obt,ained for t>lieobliquity factors in for~iiulas(63) to
(64). T l i k e vdues were used in t.he coiiipiitfhon of t,he c.orresponding
c.onstitueJit coefficients in table 3. The subscript is here used to
indicate the nienn v d u e of the function.
For te.rnis A, .to A, i n foiiiiula (,62)
[2/3-sSin2 l]0=(2/3-Sin2 w)(l-3/2 sin' i)=0.'5021 (65)
For ternis A, to A,, in formula (63)
[sin2I cos 2&=sin2 w cos4+i=O.l57S (66)
HAR.MONIC ANALYSTS AKD PREDICTION OF TTDES 25
.
For ter1ii.s AI'to A:, in Iorniula (63)
[sin I cos') +I cos (25-yjI0=siii w cos? +w cos' +i=O.3S@@ (67)
For tern1.s AZ2to Bao in foriii!iln (63)
[sin 2 1 cos vl0=sin 3w (1-3/2 sin? ;)=@.7314 (68)
For term.s AB,to Aasin formuln (63)
+.I
[sin I sins +I cos (25+Jt)],I=sin w sin3 cos4 $=0.0164 (69)
For terms A,, tn & in formula (64)
[COS' +I COS ( ~ ( - - ~ Y ' ) ] ~ = c3.1
o s ~COS' $=@.9154 (70)
For terms A,, to in formula (64)
[sin' I cos S ~ ] ~ = s i nw' (1-3/2 sin2.i.)=0.1565 (71)
For telmis to A,, in forniuln (64:)
[sin4+I cos (,2[+2v)],,=sin4 +a cos4 +i=@.@O17 (72)
77. The ratio obtaineel by clividiiig the true obliquity factor for
any d u e of I by its 1iic:i.n value 11iily bc c:dled a. mde.factor since it is
. n func.tion of the longitude of the niooii's node. Tlie symbol &enerally
used for the node fnctor is the snin1l.f. The node factor niny be usccl
with a niem c,onstitucnt ,coefficient to Qbtniii tlic true c.oir.fficiciit.
corresponcling to n givcn longituile. of tlic ~iiooii'snoclo. Node fnc.tors
for the scVc.ra1 ternis of fonnulas (62) to (64) mn.y be espressed by the
following rn tios:
j(L-ll) to.f(A5) =j[MIlij= (2/3-sin2 1)/0.5031 (73)
j(&) to.f(A,,) =-f(.Mf) =sing I /c).157S (74)
.f(&j toJ(&) =.fCO,) =sin I cos2 +I /@.3SO@ ' (75)
..f(;i..?) to .f(A&) =f(Jlj=sin 3 1 /@.7314 (76)
f(&) tO.f(&) =f(OO,) =sin I sin2 31 /@.0164 (77)
-f(4sp) tof(A:,')=-f(M:', =COS' 31 /@:9154 (7s)
f(&) to -f(&) =sin' I / O . 1565 (79)
-f(,A5,J t.o-f(tl13)=sin' 3 I /0.0@17 (SO)
Node fn.c.torsfor the niiddle of each cnlcnc1:i.r ye:^ ironi IS50 to 1999
n.re givcn in t.n.ble 14 for tlio constitirents iisvcl in thc Comt and '
Then
Fn30/g=3/2 L7(1/3-3/2 s i n T ) S j C ! cos E (51)
Fu31/g=313 U sin 2 Y S fC cos E (83)
F13?/g=3/3 U C O S ~E-iC
Y COS E (53)
' Latitude factors for esc.11 degree of I' are given 'in table 3 . The
column symbol in this table is I' with minesed letter and digits corre-
sponcling to those in the clesigiiation of the tidd forces. Thus, I 3 0
represents the latitude factor to .be used with force Fu30, its value
being 'ecju'al bo the 'func.tion (1/3-3/3 si$17). Ta.k.ing the iiunieric,al
value for the basic fac.tor U'froni table 1, tho general coefficieiit 312 Lr
is found to be 0.8373< ; 1w7.
HORIZONTAL COMPONENTS OF FORCE
96. Let T7# represent the potential clue to gravity a t any point on
the earthJs surface. Since the force of gravity a t any point on or
above the earths surface equals pE/?, the corresponding potentia.1
becomes
Let .
r=a+h
so that h represents the height of the equilibrium surface R S referred
to the undisturbed spherical surface of an equivnlent sphere. Then
(11s)
As fraction h/a is very small, its greatest value ,being less than
0.000001, the powers above the first may be neglecte.cI. Substitating
in (116) and writing h with subscript to identify it with the prin-
cipal tide-proclucing force, we have
h3 / ~ = 3 / 2 ( M / E )( o . / ~ ) ~ ( c2-
o s ~1/3) (119)
98. Similarly, for n surface of equilibrium under the conibined
:action of gravity and the part of the tide-producing force involving
$he 4th power of the inooii.s distance, we have from (111) ancl (114)
HARMONIC ANA.LYS?S ARD PREDIGTION OF m E S 33
(121)
Letting r=a+h,, and expanding the first ineinber of the above forinula,
it becomes equal t o Ir., / ( I Rfter the rejection of the higher powers of this
siiinll fraction. The formula niay then be written
Ikd /n=lP2 (Al/E)(~/d.)*(5
cos3 2-3 COS P) (122)
99. Formulas (119) a.nd (122) involving the cube m d 4th power of
the nioons parallax, respectively, represent the equilibrium heights
of the tile clue to tlie corresponding forces, the heights being espressed
in respect to tlie mean iadiiis (a) of tlie earth as the unit. I n deriving
these forniulas the centrifugal force of the earths rotation was dis-
regarded am1 tlie resulting heights represent .the disturbances in a
tiwe spliericd surface clue to the action of the tide-producing force..
It may be inferred that in a coliclition of equilibrium the tidd forces
would produce like disturbmces in the spheroidal surface of the earth
mcl the h of the foniiulns may tlierefore be Fnken as being.refemec1to
tlie eartlis surfnce as clefined by t,lie niem level of the sen.
100. The extreme limits of tlie equilibrium tide, applicable to the
time when the ticle-producing body is nearest the ea.rtli, may be
obtained by substituting the proper nunierica.1 values in foimulas
(119) nncl (122). They we given below for both moon and sun.
From forniuln (119) involving the cube of parallm-
&entest rise =1.4G feet for moon, or 0.57 foot for sun (123)
Lowest fall =0.73 footfor nioon, or 0.38 foot. for sun (124)
Estreme ra,nge=2.19 feet for nioon, or 0.85 foot for sun. (125)
From formula (123) involving the 4th power of pa,ra.lhs--
Grea.test rise =0.036 foot for nioon, or 0.000025 foot for s u i (120)
Lowest fall =0.026 foot for moon, or 0.000025 foot for sun (137)
Estrenie range=0.052 foot for moon, or 0.00005foot for sun. (12s)
101. A comparison of forniu1a.s (23) n.ncl ( l i s ) ,. the first expressing
the relation of the vertical conipoiieiit,of the principal tide-producing
force to the acceleration of gravity (yl a.iid the other the relation of
the height of the corresponding eyuilibriuin tide t,o the niean radius (a)
of the earth, will show that they are icle.1itk.l with the single escep-
tion that the coefficient4of the height forniula is one-linlf that of the
force formula. Therefore the clevelopnient of the force formula into
a series of harmonic constituents is ininiecliately a.pplicn.blein obtain-
ing similar espressioiis for the equilibrium height of t,he Me. Using n
notation for tlie height ternis corresponding to that used for the force
terms, let /a, h31/a, mid hB2/a represent, respectively, tlie long-
pei-iocl, cliimnd, mid semidiiirnd ternis of t,he eyuilil>riuni tide involv-
ing the cube of the moons pwallax. Then referring to formulas ($1j
to (S3) we may write
hao / ( t = 3 / 4 U(1/3-33/3 sin3 1) s-fC cos E (129)
ha, /u=3/4 U sin Bz Z jC,cos E (130) .
h32 / ~ = 3 / 4 U COS. I S j C COS E (131)
the synibols having the same significance as in the prece.clingdiscussioii
of tlie tidd forces.
34 11. S. COAST AND GEDDETTC SURVEY
102. Forniu1n.s (si) nncl (36) reprcscnt! the vertical &d liorizontnl
coniponeiits of the psrt of the ticlc-proclucing force jnvolving the 4th
power of the moon's pardlas. This p r t of t h e force constitutes
only about 2 percent8 of the total title-procluciag force of the moon
nncl for brevity will be c.n.lleclt>heIcssur force to clistingnish it! from the
principd or primary part involving the cul~eof the ps~ra11ax. . The
verticad component F,,, /g has its inssimnm vnlue when z equals zero
and, if numc?ric.nlvalues pert.n.iningto t,lir 1110011 and s i m wlieii iiena.est
the earth are sul>stiitut:eclin forinuln (%'), the estreme values for tliis
coinponcmt, nre fouucl t.0 be 0.37'"1 P for the moon sncl 0.35:.:;lo-"
for the sun. The 1iorizoiit.d coniponent F,,, /g has it's greatest valuc
when z equals about 31.09' 2nd t,he substitution of ~iuniei*icn.l values
hi formula. (36') gives trhe extreme vn.lue of this coinponelit as
0.26:' 10-s for the 111o011 or 0.84!.' 10-11 for the sun.
103. Subst.ituting in ('24) t,he vslue of cos B from (:31), the vcrticnl
coinponent~of the lesser force is espandecl into four terms ns follows:
F , /g= 15/4.(,Al/Ej!a/d)' sin I'fc.os' I'-3/5) sin D(5 cos2D-2)- F,,, /!j
+45/8 (Al/E)(n/d)*cosI'(cos? I'-4/5j COSD (.5cos2D-4i) COS^ F,, /g
+45/4 ( A l / l E )(,a/d)' sin 'I cos? I- sin D cos' D cos 3t- - - - _ _ - For?/g
+ 15/5 iAf/E)(a/dj4cos3 I' cos3 D COS 3t-- - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - F443/g
(133)
These four t,erins represent,,respectively, long-period, diurnal, semi-
diiunsl, and tercliiirns.1 constituents, a.ccording to the inul tiple of the
hour angle t iiivolvecl in the berm. Each term is followed by n symbol
which is annlogous to those used in the developinent of the principsl
force.
104. Each term in formuln (133) may be further espn.nded by nien.ns
of the reln.tions given in forniu1n.s (39) and (42j. Esprrssing t.1iese
terms sepwrttcly we h v c -
F,,, /g= 1514 iAl/E)(a/d)' sin I'(,cos' 17-2/5);<
[3(sin I-5/4 sin3 I) cos (j-90')
+5/4 sin3 I cos (3j-9Oo)] (133)
Fud1 /g=45/S (Al/lE) (a/dY COS 'I (.c.os~17-4/5j;:
[5/! sin? I cos? +I cos C S - 3 j )
+ ( 1 - 10 sin' +I+15 sin' ; I ) c.0~'$1Cos (S-j)
+ (1 - 10 cos' +I+15 cos' $1) sin' +I cos ( S + j j
+5/4 sin? I sin2 31 cos (S+3j)] (134)
F,,, /g=45/S (Al/E)( ~ , / r !sin ) ~ I' cos' I-,.:
[sin I cos4 +I cos @S-3j+90)
+3 (cos231-2/31 sin I c.os241 c.os (SS-,j-90')
$ 3 ('cos? +I-1/3) sin I sin? $1cos (SX+j-9O0)
+sin I sin' $I cos (2S+3j-90')] (135)
F.43 /g= 15/8 (ill/lE) ( ~ / d )COS'' I'?.:
[cos6 41 cos C3S-3j)
+ 3 cos4 +I sin' +I cos (3S-.j)
+ 3 cos:. +I sin' 31 cos i 3 S + j j
+sin6 +I cos (3S+3j)] (136)
105. If,the coninion factor ( ~ c / d i)n~ fo~mulas (133) to (136) is
replaced by its c yuivalent ( ~ . / C )( ~ X / d ) these.
~ , formulas, may be cle
I-IARiUOHIC. :ANALYSTS ARD PREDICTI.OIT OF TIDES 35
107. For simplicity and the purposes of this publication, tlie mean
values of the obliquity fa,ctors in the terms of the lesser tide-proclucing
force will be taken as the values pertbining to tlle, time when I equals
w or 83.458O, escepting that for constituent M,. and associated terms
the mean has been obtained i n accord with the system described in
paragraph 75. The corresponding node factors (paragraph 77) may
t81ienbe expressed by the following foimiulas in which the denominators
are the accepted means of the obliquity factors:
,
= (sin I - 5/4 sin31)/0.3193
j(&1) to .f(AEB)
f(Ae7) to j(&) =sin31/0.0G30
j(ABO)
to j(A7J =sin?I c.os24J/0.151S
j(&)
t,oj(&) = (1- 10 sin231+15 sin4+I)
cos2+I/0.5873 (1'44)
f(&) to f(&) = (1- 10 COS'$I+ 15 c0s4$1) 41i241/0.2147 (145)
. .
j(&) toj(dis)=sin I c.os4$I/0.3G5S . ' I.
(146)
j(.i7j) to j(L!t,o)= (cos2+I-2/3) sin .I c.os'+I/0.1114 (147)
f(As1) = (cos2+I- 1/3) sin I sin2+1/0.0103 (148)
f(&) to .f(*&E) =j(h!3:) =c~os6~I/o.s'i5s 1 (149)
f(&) to j(&) =c.0~~31
sin2+I/0.03~0 (150)
Comparing forniulas (149) and (781, it will be notecl that tlie node
factor for M3 is equal to tlie node factor for h/12 raised to the 3/2
power. Computed vahes a,pplicable to terms As?to Asa are included
i.n table 14 for years 1S50 to 1999, inc.lusive.
108. For the tabu1n.te.d constituent coefficients of tlie t e r m in
forniulss (137) to (140) there are included not only the elliptic and
niea.n obliquity factors but also such other factors as niay be necessary
to perniit talleuse of the general coefficient (3/3 U)of formulas (SI)
to (83) for tslie vertical component of. tflie priqcipal tide-producing
force. The comniow coefficient (M/E) ( U , / C ) ~ of"'fdriiiu1as
- (137) to
(140) is equad to U mdtipliecl by the pitrallas n/c, and t;lie latter
together with the necessary numericd factors is included in tlie
const;ituent coefficients in table 8. Forniulas (137) to (140) may
then be summarized as follows:
. FZlO
/g=3/2 Y
i sin 17(cos21'-2/5) S j C cos E (151)
' FPdl/g=3/3 U C O SI'(COS2!--4/5) S jCC0S E (158)
FF12
/g=3/8 LT sin P c.os21' 2 jC! cos E .
(153)
' . F,,43.1g=3/2 U C O S ~ZYj C cos E .. . (154) '
West component,
FM, /g=15/8 ( M / E )(a/d)4(c~s217-4/5) cos D(5 cos2D-4) sin t (161)
F,? /g= 15/4 (2\4/lE)(n/d)' sin 2I' i n D cos2D sin 2t (163)
FWd3 /g=15/S (M/E]( n / d ) 4 ' ~cos3D ~ ~ 2 Ysin 3t . (163)
Thus
Fs40 /g=3/i U COS P(C0S21'-4/5) SfC cos(E+1,SO0) (164)
F,,, /g=3/3 'U sin I'(cos21'-4/15) S fC cos E (165)
Fs,2 /g=3/3 U CGOS1'(cos21.'--3/3) ZjC C O S ( E + ~ S O ~ ) (166)
Fads /g=3/2 U sin 'I cos2YS fC cos E (167)
113. For the west component there is no long-period term. Com-
paring (161) to (163) with t,lie corresponding.terms of (132), it will
lie noted that the t-functions are expresseel ns sines instead of cosines
but they may be changed to the latter by subtracting '90' from each
siii A
=tan-1
siii ' I cos il
The proper qun.clmnts for XI, X2, and X3 will be rleterniiiiecl by the
signs of the numerators aiicl clenomina.bors.in the above expressions,
these signs Iioing .respectively .t,liesaiiie .as for t,he sine and cosine of
the C@l'~CSJ~@lldillg CtJlgles.
115. Compnring foyinula (153) for the ecjtdlibri~iinheight of the
tide cluc! to t,lie lesser ticle-procluc.ing forc,e with foriiiula (24) for the
verticd c ~ ~ i i p ~ ~ iof i t ~force, it will be noted that they nre the
i e itbe
sn.iiie with tlir exception t,liat t,lie nunit~ricalcoefficient of the former
is onc-third t h t . of the 1a.tber. Wit11 this change. t,he sunminrizecl
formu1n.s (151) to (151) for the v e r t h l force may be used to express
the corresponding equilibrium heights. Following the sanie system
of notatinn n.s before! we have
h,, /a= 1/3 LT siii I'(cosSI--3/5:) S jC! cos E (1Slj
h,, la= 1p 11 cos I'(,cosT-4/5) S j c ! cos E (1S3)
l ~ .lit, ~= 1/3 L: sin I' cos2I' S -fC! COS E . (183)
hJ3/a= 112 LT cos31' Z -fC cos E (1W
It is' to 11e iiotecl tliat tlie equili~iriuni1i.eiglit of the title clue to t,lille
principn.1 ticle-producing force when measured by the inean mclius of
the ewth as a unit, is one-ldf il.8 great, as t h e 'c~orresponclingverbical
component, force referred to the nienn n.cceleritt.ion of gravity ns L
unit, while the equilibrium height clue .to t,lie lesser tide producing
force siniilndy expressed is oiily one-t,hirtl as great :I.S the corresponding
force. I n table 2, tlie coefficients (C) of the constituents clerivecl
40 U. 8. ClOAST A1VD GEOTlETIC SURVEY
p=P+f (191)
We then lime
term AI6=Acos .@-3P)
= A cos 3P COS O+A sin SP siii e . '(193)
term A?,=B cos e (193)
M1=d16+L423= (A cos SP+B) cos e + A sin 2P sin B
= iA2+%U? COY 3P+B2)+ COS 6-tan-l
[
A sin 3P
'
d cos.IP+B
-e siii I cos2 $1COS (T-s-b h+p- 90'- y- QUI
'
1 (194)
QU
sin 3P
QU= tm-' 3 cos I/cos' g + c o s 3P (196)
in which
&= t.t,n-'( ' 5 cos I-1 t m P j
cos 1+1
,
j j -Qt,= E +W ("05)
The complete arguments are tlierefore equal. but in foimiula (201')
tlie uiiifornily vn.i-ying element p lms heen trmsferrqd from: tlit! 1'
of tlie; argument; 'aiicl iiicludecl i n . the d u e of -& wliere it, is freat.eii
n,s a constant, for a series of observations being analyzed. Tlie speed
of the nrgumen ta us cleteriiiiiieil by the. renmining pa.rt, of t-1i.e 1' is
tllen esnctly one-lialf tliat of tlie princ.ipa1 coiistitueii t hl, a.nd with
this assuniption the suniinations for t . 1 latter
~ niay be adapted to the
analysis of the fonncr. It, is to be noted, however, that tlic ,u.in
t,liis case has a progressive foirvaail change of nearly 41" eac.11 p a r .
'The true average speed of this c.onstitunit is cleteiiiiiiied by the 1'
.of formula.(194) which inc.lucles tlie element y.
125. The, oblicluity'fac.tor for the composite M, constituent, may he
bespressecl by the .formyla sin I c.os231X 1/Q5. According bo the.work of
Dfi.rwin (Scientific PApers by Sir George H. Darwin, vol. 1, p. 39) t'lie
HARRIOFIC! AXALTSIS. AXl3 PKEUIC!T'ION @?TIDES 43
nienn value cif 't,liis:.factoris representecl by the pl:oducf. sin w cos? 3 o
ems' &.>I43.307, w11ic.h eqnn.1~ 0.3S00).: 1.53, or 0.5776.. Wlien
deriving the iiocle-fact-orformula for M,, Dtwwin iiin.dverteutly'omit,t,ed
the fact,or -,/m
and obtthiecl the npprosimnte equivn.leii.t of the
following:
.ancl the error in the node fn.ctor lias caused 110 serious dilficulties, it
het,lier.it8.slioulcl be perpetuat,ed. I t is obvious,
ige in the present, procedure would lend to iiiuch
coiifusioii unless ulidertdio11 by gvnernl agreeinen t, among all the
priiicipal orgaaizcttions engqerl in ticlid work. By innkiiig. clmige
n.pplicii.ble to the analysis of all scries of obscrvat,ioiis begmning after
a certain specified date it would be possible to interpret the results on
the bn.sigof the period covered by the observations without the nccts-
. ._previously publisliecl n.iiiplituclesfor this constituent.
sitmy of revising n.11
. .. ... :: -. . . ,
THE LI TIDE
(315)
'132. Lunar cliurnn.1 tern1 A*? of forinula (63) mid so1a.r cliurna.1
terni B.? of foimula (116) have the smie speed. T~get~lier they foiin
the 1unisola.r ICl constituent. Also, lunar seniicliurnd terni A,, of
forniuln (64) mcl so1a.r srmicliurnal teimi B,, of foimiuln. (117) have
speeds esactly twice tlint, of constitue:it ICl and together forni the
lunisolar IC2 constituent,. In.order that t,lie solar teim?s nlny .have
the same general corfficicnt '6s thc lunar. ternis, the solar factor
LT1/U,which will be designnted by t8hesymbol 'S', will be transferred
from the general coefficient of the solar ternis and iaclucled in. the
constituent c.oeffic.ients. Then, neglecting the g e n e r ~ coefficient
l and
HARlkIOWIC AR'ALYSIS AKD PREDIC'MON O F T'IDES 45
latitude factors coniiiion to the ternis combined, we have t,lie following
forniula,s.in whic.11 numerical values from table 1 have been sub-
stituted for constmalitquantities.
term &= (1/3+3/4e?j sin 2 1 cos (T+h.-90-v)
=0.5023 sin 2 1 cos (T+I&-9O0-v) (216)
term B2?=(1/2$3/4e:)S' sin 3 w cos (.T+h-9O0)
=O.l6S1 cos (T+h.-90) (317)
(219).
133. Ta.king first the cliuimd teiiiis, let A represent the lunar co-
efficient 0.5023 sin 2 1 and let B representvthe solar coefficient O.lGS1.
We then have
&=A cos (T+h,--90-v)
= A COS v cos (T+h-90j+d sin sin (T+Ij.-90) (330)
BZ,=B COS (T+h-<IOo) (221)
IC1=(d.cos v+Bj cos (T+h-9noj+A sin v sin (T+h-90j.
A sin v
=GI COS (T+h-9O0-v'j
[
=(d2+2AB cos v+B?j!i cos T+h-9O0-tn.n-'-- A COS v+B
1 (223)
in which
- C,= (d2+2,.iB cos v+ B2j3
=(O.2533 sin' 21+1).lGS9 sin 31 cos vf@.O?S3)' (323)
d sin 1' . sin 2 1 sin v
I>' =t,a,n-' (324)
d COS v f B =tm-1 sin 2 1 cos v+11.3347
Values of v' for each degree of N , which is the .longitude of the
moon's node, are incluclecl in table 6 .
134. The obliquity fnctor for ICl will be taken to include the entire
coeffic.ient (A2+?&? cos V + B2)iand its niean value will be taken 8s
'
.Tlk node factors for.'the niklclclle' of en,chyear lS50 to 1999 ari incluclecl
i n hble 14. Logarithms of the reciprocd reduction factors for each
tenth of a degree of I are given in table 12.
135. The seiiiidiurnitl terms and B,; limy be combined in a
siniilar manner. Letting A represent the 1una.r coeffic,ient 0.5023
sin21and B the solar coefficient,0.0365, we have
A447=A COS C~T+S~-ZV)
= A cos 2v cos (2T+3h!+rl sin 2v sin ('3T+%) . (23s)
.B,,=B COY (2T+'7h) (329j
& = ( A cos 3v+B:) cos (ST+lh)+A sin 3v sin (3T+21~)
=,(d2+2AB
=C!?
... .
COS (3'T+?h.-3vf')
d sin 3v
cos.r!V+B':)+cos [BT+?l!--tn.n-] d , c o s 3v+B
'
-1
. . (230)
in ,which
c2=(:*4'+3dB cos 2v+BS',*
= (0.5533 sin.' 1+0.0367 sin' I cos 2v+0.0013)+ ('231)
d sin 3v sin ' I sin 5v
3pff=t,~,Il--]- -tan-'
cosSv+B- sin' I cos 2v+c).0737 ('232)
VaIiies for 2v" for each degree of N n m iiicluclecl in bable 6.
. 136. The ol>liquit>y factor for IC2 will be taken to inc.lucle the entire
c.ocffic.ient (,i2+2dB cos 2a+B2)4 a.1~1its niem value will. be taken
a s the ineaii' of the procluct (A'+3dB COS ?v+B'j* COS 2v".
'
Froni (,232)
COS 3 ~ " =(-4COS 5 v f B ) / ( , d ' + 3 d B COS '7vfB')t ('233)
. Then for the mean value of coefficient of IC2
[ ( d ' + % i B C O S , ~ V + BCOS
' ) +2 ~ " ] o = [ dCOS 3v+B]o
=[0.5.023 sin? I cos 3~+0...031j.5]s=0.1151 (234)
t,he numericnl nica.n for 'sin? I cos SIJ being: obt,aiaecl from formula
{71). For the iiocle fn.ctor of K2divide t>hecoefficient of (230) by its
mean vdue and 01) h i n
. f ( K , ) = (0.2.523 sin4 I f 0 . 0 3 6 7 sin' I cos Sv+0.0013)+ /0.1151
= (,l9.04&4sin' 1+2.7703 sin' I cos 3v+0.09Sl)+ (235)
See. table 14 for node fa.ctors and ta.ble 13 for reciprocal reduction
.factors.
METEOROLOGICAL AND SHALLOW-WATER TIDES
tide of the same speed, this has been treittecl solely 5s an elenientaiy
const8ituent. Constituent MSf represented by term A5of forniula (62)
has the same speed as a compound tide of forniuln S,-M2. This con-
stituent is relahively uniniportant and it makes litt,ledifference whether
treated as n n elenientnry or a compound tide. Following t,he pre-
vious practice in this office it is treated in the ha,rnionic analysis as n
compound tide wit11 corresponding nrgument and node fn,c.tor. Wlien
inclucled in the computation of tidal forces, however, the argument
and node factor indicated in table 3 should he used.
' ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATIONS
HARMONIC CONSTANTS
142. In the preceding discussion it hns been shown that under the
equilibrium theory the height of a theoretical tide at, any place can be
espresserl niatheniatica.lly by the sum of a iiuniber of harmonic terms '
FIGURE
7.
u e ~ i titself
~ at this time is reckoned froin the prec.eding high wa.ter
alii1 therefore e q d s (,I,+U - K ) .
OBSERVATIONAL DATA
1 constituentst1n.v 360P
=- solflr hours. (23s)
a,
I const,itueut liour =* a
solar 1iom.s. ' (339)
a
1 so1n.r hour -
-- c.onsthent hours. (340)
151,
Therefore,
(34 1)
164. The above forniuln.gives the constithiit hour of the series iche)
corresponcling to any Solm liour of the series (s1i.s). The observed
lieiglits of the t i l e being tnbulntcd for the exact solnr hours of the
dity, the (shs) with 'which we axe concerned will represent successive
integers coiiiithig from 0 at the beginning of the series. The (ehs)
as derived from the foriiiula will geiierdly be a niised number. As
HARMOhrIC ANALYSIS AND PRED1C:'I"IVM OF T'lDES 55
it is dcsirecl to ob tnin thc integrd constituent hour corrcsponding .
niost, ii.early with each so1a.r hour, tlie (,c~Ls) slioulcl be t d w n Co tdie
nea.rest integer by rej ect,ing a fra.c.tion less tlinn 0.5, or counting "as
3.11 estm hour n. frnction gren.ter'thna 0.5, or adopting the u s u d rule
for comliutations if the fraction is exactly 0.5. The constituent
hour of the constituent clay (ch.) required for tdie const~ructionof the
stencils may be obta.inec1by rejecting niultiples of 24 froni thc ( h j .
165. In t.lie npp1ic.ation of the above forniuln. i t will he founcl t h t the.
integral constit,ueiit liour will differ froin t h e c.orresponcling solar
liour by a consttint for a s~icc.cssioiiof sol:ir hours, a n d tlien, wtjlithe
difference c.li:uigecl by one, it, will continue a,s a. constnn t for an-
other group of solar hours, et,c.. This fact, is a n sic1 in t,lie preparn,-
t,ioii of a t,able of coustituen t hours corresponcliiig to the solar hoiirs
of t,li,e swies, ns it renders it unnec,ess:iry to inake mi intlc~pendenta
ca1cula.tion for each linur. 111sten.dof using the above foniiuln. for
each vdue tlie time wlieii the clifl'ereiice bctween the solnr mid con-
stituent hours c.lia.nges may he cleteriiiiiiecl. The applicntion of the
diflerences to the solar hours will then give the clesireil constituent
honrs,. . .. . . I .
167. If tlie c.oiistitueiit day is shorter than the solar day, the speed n
will be greater t1ia.n 151~,and t,he constituent hour its reckoned from
the beginning of t,lia series will bc grcnter than the solar hour of the
snine iiistmt. If the constit,uent cl:y is longer than t>liesohr day
the constituent hour at m y instant will bc lcss than tlie sol:^ hour
of t h e saiiie instant. At the beginning of tlie series the cliffrrence
between tlie cynstituent and solar t h e will be zerb, but the c1.ifferenc.e
will' increase unifoniily with the 'tihe of. t.he:'series. As lohg nd the
.diflerence does not esc.eed 0.5 of nn hour the int,egral constituent
hours will be designated by the sxnie ordinals as the integrnl solar
hours with which they most ~ien.rlycoincicle. Differences between
0.5 a.11d 1.5 will be represented by tdie integer 1, differences between
1.5 mcl 3.5 by the integer 2, e.tc. If we let d represent t h e integral
clifferenc.e, t$e t h e when the difference clianges from ($1- 1) to d ,
will be the time when the. c1ifferenc.e derived from forinyla (242)
equds (d-0.5). Substituting this in bhe foriiiula? we may obtain
(8h.S)=7
-
1.5)'
(d--0.5)
(1. 151'
!343)
in w1iic.h (sh.s) represents the solm biiiie wlicii the integral cliff erence
betwee.n tlie cmstituent and solar t h e will change by oiie hour from
M-1) to d. By substituting successively the integers 1, 3, 3, ebc,.,
for d in t h e formulit (243) the tinie of each change throu$iout tlie
series iiiny be obtxinecl. The value of (shs) thils ohtaliled will
5G . U. S. (MAST AND GEODETIC StTRI'EY
151' f/,a
frrjlii the beginning of taheseries.
The hst forinu!n will, in genera.1, represent n. niisecl number. The -
iiitegral- c ~ i ~ s t i t utg nB-li.our to wlJic1i .the s i q for the constituent A-
hour is to be assigned Will be the iienwst illtegrd i~uiiibc.r'repres~i~ted
by .tsliisfoniiuld. Lot g be a. fracthm not greater than 0.5, which,
applied either positively or negatively to tlie formula, will render it.
a.11integer.
180. The nssignnient of tlic hourly page siinis for constituent A-
hours to tlie constitnent. B-hours m q 7 now be rcprcsented a.s follows,
iiiultiples
.
of 84 hot& beii1g.rc.jectd:
I .
a
[ (1G&i- S4.5)- - 12-f+ni.-iiiultiple of 241 coiistitwmt A-hour
15p
(251)).
sum to be assigned to
a )b
mj
hf9- multiple of 241 constituent B-
I
which tlie~tn~~iilatecl~1ieig;h
ts coincide esnctly with the integral A-lioui-s,
and that, on the niicltlle clay of the pit@ of tahiilated hourly heights
nile of the integral B-hours coincides esac,tly with an A-hour. At, the
c.orresponcIingA-hour, one d-clay ls.ter, the B-hour will have increased
by 24 - 7)b constituent B-linurs. Rejectring a multiple :of 34 hours,
p1n
this beconies. .%($-I), so tlidt a t the end of one A-dag after the
c.oiiicic1eni.e of int.e,afal hours of constituents A and B the constituent
A hourlpheight will differ in time from the integral constituent, B-hour
to which it is to. be assignect by %($-I) constituent B-ho&.
HARMOXIC AKILTSIS API'D PREDICTIOPI' OF TIDES 61
I .
Constituentd . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. _ _ ....
J ______
. ..
I :..< , ' . 8 ..
Cnnstit.iientB. _ _ _ _ _ _00
_ _ _?_
S M_ _ _
Ki _ _ :IC2 Rr . TI PI
. ...
---
TliRerankein hours _ _ _ _ _ _ 3.58
___ 1.36
_ _ .1_
.?0 1.20 1.10 1.10 1. ?(I
41 _ :IS .
Differencein de:rees _ _ . _ _ _5.1_ _ _ _ 36 33 33 IS
~~
___
Constituent 1. - - -..- __ - -. -.- - ..--.
-. -. L . 2MK
______________
_________
Constituent 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1\18
_ _ _ .A?
_.__ MN N2
__
Differqee,in~degrees
_--
Diflerence in holm . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1.09
-- _-
____
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 05
1. IS
35
___1.43
64
I 1
_ _ .;2_
4 _ _ 1. 26
3s
1.45
44 .
Differencein hoiirs _ _ _ . _ _ _ __
Dilleronceindegrees _ . _ _ _ _
__._
__
~ _.
. __
.._...
I.- _ __
_
__ 1
__
_
_
_
_ 31; 1 1
__
1.21 ._
______
___._ _ _3.43
1.02
31 I I
51
3.75
5i I fi.58
99
5*
193. If we let a=O and 'u=--j
'I1
or n , t 1 = 2 ~ ,then forinulrts (363) to
((267) niay be written RS follows:
.a=(n-l) .
sin (I ?n.u=. 111.
a=o sin - ?r
. . .n
a-ln-1)
: cos (c m 'u= (269)
a=o Ilb
sin - ?F ,
n.
. .
HARMONIC AN.4LTSI9 AST? PREDICTION OF TIDES 65
p -111
a=(n-l)
sin (p-in,) lr cos ( p-.in) T -- ?I
cos ap 94 cos n in u=+ . p -in.
a=o s111 -lr
1).
+3
sin (p+m> lr
sin P-
* +mT
[
cos (p+?n.j lr-
p+7n
11 TI (371)
c
fl.
a=(n-l)
sin n 11 u cos a m.N=;S
sin (p--m) ?T sin .(p-.m>
p -mi
T--
1& lrl
a=o sin -lr
11.
sin p+n1
-?T
n
n
194. If p mid ni me uiiequd integers am1 neither esceeds -I2 t,he
above (268) to (373) become equal t.0 zero. Thus,
a=fn-l)
sin a ni 'ti.= 0
a=o
a=cn-l)
c cos a.
a=o
111. w=O
a= (n 1) -
sin a p zc sin n rv~u=0 (273)
- -
R=n
a= (11-1)
cos (L p 'U cos n m.1i.=@
a=o
a=(n-l)
sin n 11 w. cos a m.m=O
a=o
n
195. I f p anclare equal integers and do not, esceed 3, formulas
111
ate quantity
Sill +
( p m) T---.0
sin -tp+milr
- 11
0
Evaluating these clumtities we liwe
slid
. --sin Cp-iujr
sin -?
1, -' I n
+
91 1 -r .
.
(.p- m)=o
- A COS (jj-mj,
7r
- cos
11.
p-m.
-
12.
A
1 (11 -,n.) =0
=.n. (374)
sin (21
sin p+nl
- n A
in.)A
1 -(p+,n)=n
-
A
COS
- COS
.I1
I n (275) it will be noted that. when the integers p and I . each equal
(p.+ j,.
p+m
-
.?1.
?r
1+
....
($1
.
,In.)=71
=-lb (375)
n
2, 78 must be an even number, niicl t.herefore cos nr is positive, while
cos is negative.
A
196. Assuiiiing the condition that p and m are equal integers, each
11
less than -,
2 we have by substituting (274) in (270); (271), mcl (372),
a =(n-1) a= in -1 I
sin u, 1) u,sin a in u= sin? a in u=$ n . (276)
a=o n=o
(277)
a=o a=o
n
197, Assuming the coiiclition tha.t 21 mid m are each equal to - .
3
we have by substituting (374) and (275) in (37O), (271), and (272),
a=(n-I)
a=o '
sin' n m .ti = + ii.+ 4 n. cos A= 0 (279)
(380)
HARhfONIC ANALSSIS AND PREDICTIOR OF TIDES 67
199. To obtain value of H,, ncld &ove equations
Therefore
a=(n-l)
ha=??.Ho (384)
a=o
aucl
1 s=In-l)
H -- li.,, (385)
O - n a=o
a=(n-1) . .
+C,a=(n-1)
.
C c.os n 'u cos CL 11 m+S1
a=o a-o
sin CI. a .COS .fi 1) a
71.
but when p=- 3' this quantity bccomes ec1un.I to n (280).
Therefore for all vsdues of 21 less t1ia.n ?'.
2
(2S9)
+ C,
' ni=k
m=l
a=fn-l)
a=o
cos a in sin (I 1) v.
+m=Z
C S,,
m=1
a=(n-l).
C
a=o
sin (1, ,111 'u.sin 0. p .ti, (291)
a=(n-l)
By (373), (278), ancl (2S1) the quantities sin a 21 u m d
a=o
a=ln-1)
C cos a ni 71. sin CI. 2) ii. are zero for all the values of m and p ;
a=o
a=fn--l) ....
and sin (G m. & sin n p u beconies zero for all the values of m
'
a=o
a.nd 21 escept when m mcl y.nxe equttl. I n t$is c.ase the limit of 1 for
n a=ln-1)
m. and p is less than - am1 by (37G), the quitlit,ity sin2 n p u
2 a=o
=;S n. Therefore, formula (391) reduces t>othe form
and
S,,=;
3
ash., sin
r=(n-l)
a, p u (293)
w a=rn-n
+[: a=o
a=ln-l)
ha, cos 1a w.
1 cos *
~~
1 a=?3
SD=-- C .h, sin 15 Q 11 (296)
.
in which the xngles are espressed in degrees; .
If only 12 means are mecl, the formulas bccoiiic . - ..- ... .. - ._
1a=.ll
C --
D-G a=O
IL, COS 30 II p ' (397)
HBRiVIONIC! ANALYSIS' AXD PREDICTIOX [JF 'TIDES 71
209. The upper part of Forin 191 (fig. 16) is clesignecl for the compu-
tation of the coefi.cient,s C',, and in wcorclame with forinu1a.s (395)
and (296) to take nc.count of the 34 coiistheiitvhourly I ~ ~ M S .
It is now clesircil to express each constituent in the form
y=A C.OS ( p e+aj (299)
or using a more specializecl n o t d o n by
?/=ACOS (21 e-{:) (300)
By trigonometry
d cos (1) e-{j=A cos { cos p e+d sin { sin p e (301)
=C, cos p e+&',, sin p e
in wliicli C,,=A cos { and &,=A sin c (302)
Therefore,
(304)
. . i-
. . AUGMENTING FACTORS
in which
+
y =A C868 (a.f a) (305)
A= thc true nmplitude of the constituent
a= the speed of the constituent (degrees per solar hours)
f =va,riable time (espressecl in solar hours)
a =any constant.
72 U. S. COAST ARD GEODETIC SURVEY
=-180 - (
A [ sin a t + a + , T) -sin. (nt+a--f)]
u a7
=-
360 A cos (rc.t+a)
- sin E=-360 sin EAcos (nt+a)
?r UT 3 T(GT 3
212. Sime the true value of y at any tinie t , is equal to d cos (nt+a)
by (305), it is eviclent t.liat the rehtion of this t,rue value to tsliemean
value (306) for t>liegroup T horns in length is
9 cos (clt+al =-- unT
360 sin a A cos (at+cr) 360 sin (Gr (307)
TQT
(311)
24 (1. 15pb
In whic.ll F,, for brevity, is suhst,ituted for the coeffic.ient,--sin
s pb -?iz
n.11~1gives the re1:itinn of tslie avera.ge B, ordinn.te included in the d
grouping to the true B ori1innt.e for the time t represented by t.1in.t
gr1>11p. The reciprocal of this coefficient. will he t . h t part, of t,lie
a.ugiiient,ingfactor nec.essnry to take w c o m t of this primary grouping.
If t,he pr1ma.ry suniming has heen for the c.onst.itmntaS, this coefficient
ni2.y be talre11 : ~ sunit,y since the original S siinis refer to the esact, Y
hour.
317. Wl1e.n t,lw sec.onclary st.enc.ils Rre n.pph.d to the constituent
-4group slllns, tlle groups applying t? exa.ct,c.onst.ituent,A hour a t
nlly time t a~iclrepresented by t,li:i.t tone. will be distributed over an
1511
int.ervn1 of :I constitmmtr B ho~ir,or -- b s01a.r hours.
For an int.egra.1constitmnt, B hour a.t any time f wit.liin t.he niicldle
clay represent,ec-lby a. seven-chy page of oiiginitl tdmlations the liniits
of t,llis inter\r:i.l will be . For the same page
74 U. S. 006W AND GEODETIC S'LTRVET
of tnbulntions, letting t represent the sanie time in the niidclle day, tlie
h i t s of the P ~ O U I Iiiitervnl for the clav followiiie the miclclle one. are
' 218.' Forniiiln, (311) gives the iiieaaii vdue of the B ordinate for
grouping of t,he d sumiiin.tions. . The niem value of (31 1) obtained
by combining t h groups falling in nnp particdar clay of page of
ta.hul:ttSionsin the liniibs indicra.tec1above is
31 1 151)'
if we put F2=T siii 7 for brevity.
4
(313)
I, ,, Time t
I
Grernwich Vow -* cs I
I
7s U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC.SUR.VEY.
229. Under the conditions a,ssunied for the equilibrium theory the
aniplitudes of tlie constituents coulcl be conipqtd directly by means
.of the coefficient foiiiiulas without the necessity of securing tidal
observations, nncl t,lie phases would correspond .with the equil.i.briuni
arguments of the constituent,s. Under the conclitions that. sctudly
exist it has. been fouiiil from observa.tions.t1ia.t the aniplitudes of the
,coiistituents of t: similar type .at any.pln.ce, :dtliougli differing gren.tly
from their theoreticd values, have it rehtion that, in general, agrees
fairly closely with the relations of t>lieirtlieoret,ical coefficients. It
bas also been ascertained from the results obtained from observa.tions
that t,he diffcrence in the epoch or lngi of tlie coiistituents have a
relation confoiming, in gcnbral, wit$li the relation of the cliff ereiices
in their spreils. This lmt relation is ba,secl upon an nssuniption that
.the ages of the inequalities duo to tlie disturbing influence of other
constituents of a simi1n.r.type arc. oqual when expressed in time.
230. If the iiieiin n.niplit.ucles,rpoc,lis, and speeds of several coiistit-
uents 9, B , G, arc reproseiitecl by H ( d ) , H i B ) , H(C), K ( i i ) , K(B),
K(C,I), nnd n, b , c , respectively, the above relations ma.y be espressecl
by tlie following forniu1n.s:
of R
n i e ~ i c,oefficients
i
H(B =iiieti.n coefficient of AH ( 4 (322)
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AH,D. PREDICTIOX OF TIDES 79
. .
G-(7
li (C?- l i (A) =--[[li(B)
b--n --h'L-I)] (393)
or,
, h (0=li (A)+FC--Q
a [ K (B)- h (LA)] (334) '
MI,P,, and Q,, and to tlie semicliurnd constituents I<?,F,a n d v?, ancl
foriiiilas @?a>,(325), (339), (.333), (333j, and (3-19 were used for the
purpose. Tlie following results were obtsinccl for the cliffercnces
het,ween vnlues as ohtainecl from infc.reiic.e and rom ohservntions.
The avera.ge gross difference is tlie a.veragt.. ilifference wit.lioub Fega.rcl
to t,lw signs of t,lie individuo.1 i tmis, and the nversge net, clif-lerence
ts.l;es into L L C C ~ I ItI Ithese signs so t,lint a positive difference m:iy offset
a negn.tive cliflerence in tlie nican. Tlie last. two lines hi the. table
sllow t!lie percentage of ca.ses in which the cliff erc?iices were less thnn
0.05 m d 0.10 foot., respectively, for tlic nmplituclcs, a n d less t,linii IOo
ancl Z O O , respectively, for the epochs.
-
-
. -
-
QI QI
nnipli- epoch
tude
-- ---
FI. Dtg.
0. OF, 105
.01 14
. 00 0
% pb
_____
DitFereucer less than 0.0: Innt. or 10*_..___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Ditlereuccs less than 0.10 foot or 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ %?
BO 5s
100 82
--
-
1.1
Y2
ampli- epoch
tude
By using forniu1a.s (334.1 and (343) for 1, nntl v2 the results a.re
slightly iniprovd, tlie svernge net differences fur the a.nip1.itude niicl
t.poc,li of L, hec.oiiiiiig 0.CJi foot :>.iid3', respectively, the difference for
t,he epoch of v2 becoming Z0, while the a.vera.geiirt difference for the
aiiipli tude of v2 reniniiis nnchangecl.
234. A1t,liougli t,lie.re.is n f airly good n.gre.e.1iie.nt iiiclic.ntec1 by the
avernge clifferences, it, is evideiit that the inferred coiistnnts, especially
the epochs, cannot be clepeiidecl upnn.for a high degree of refiiiement.
It, iiiay be stated, howwer, t h t for co~iatit~uents with very sniall
amplitudes the epochs clet.er~iiineclfrom a.c.tua.1observations may be
equnlly unrdin.ble. This becomes evident wlieii results from different
years of ohservations twc conipnrecl. Portuiiabelv, the large dis-
crepancies in epoclis are fouiicl only in constiburnts of sninll nniplitude
nnd arc therefore of little p r a c t h d impnrtmce.
235. Constituent pz as cle terniined by inference is rela.tivelg miim-
portnnt. H o ~ e v e r ,tSliis constituent has the saiiie period RS the
conipound bide 2MS2 and when obtained clirectly from the amilysis
of ohsPrvn.tions frequently differs c.onsiclersbly from the infcrrcd p2
both in aniplitucle and epoch. The inferred vnlues for this constituent
cannot .therefore be consiilerecl n.s very satisfac.toi.;v.
236. Prior to the eliniinntion process clescribecl in the nest section,
cerbixili preliminnry c.orrections are applied to tlie amplitucles mid
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTIOA OF TIDES 81
epochs of constituents S2 ancl ICl becmse of tlie disturbing eflects of
IC2 and T, on tlie'foimer ancl' Pl on the latter. In a short series of
observations these effects niny be considerable became of the sinal1
differences in the periods of .the constituents involved.
237. Let
y1=A cos ( a t f a ) (344)
and
y2=B cos (bt+/?) (345)
represent two constituents, .the first being the principal or preclomi-
nating constituent mcl the latter a secondary constituent whose effect
is to modify the amplitude and epoch of the principd constituent.
The resultant tide will then be represented by
y = y , + y J S = A COS ((Lt+aj+B COS ( b t + p ) (346)
Values of t which will render (344) n iiiasiniuni must satisfy tlie
derived equation
+
AU sin (ut CY) =0 (347)
and the values of t w1iic.h will render (34G) n niasimum must satisfy
the equation
An sin (ut+a)+Bb sin ( b t + p ) = O (348)
For a niasimum of (344)
t=- 3 n lr-CY
(349)
n
in whic.11 n is any integer.
e
238. Let -=the acceleration in the principal constituent L4 due to
a
the disturbing constituent B. Then for a niasiniuni of (346)
3n. r - a - 0
t= a
3! 50)
This value of t must satisfy equation (34S), therefore we have
An sin ('%a r-e)+Bb sin r-e-CY)+p
t=
27b r-CY-e I
c5.
the phase of constituent A will equal
(2n lr-a-O)+a
and the phase of constitilent B will equa.1
(358)
in order to correct for t,lie influence of the disturbing constituent. .
241. The 'corrections for acceleration and nmplitude a.s indicated
by forniulas (356) mid (355) may to aclvanta.gebe applied to the con:
stants for constituent IC1for n n approsiniate elimination of the effects
of constituent' P, and to the constants for S2 for an approsimate
eliniiiintion of the effects of constituents IC2 and T,. By taking the
B
relations of the theorc.tica.1coefficients for the rntios n.nd the differ-
e.iic&sin' the equilibrium argunients - RS the a.pprosimate equivalents
of the phase differences represented by 4 , tables may be prepared
giving the acceleration am1 resultant amplitudes with the argunients
referring to certain solar elements.
Thus, from table 2, the following values niay be obtained.
HARRIOXIC ANALYSIS AND, PREDICTIOX O F TIDES:'::.. s3
. f(A) '
243. I n the cases under consiclernt,ion the ratio-- will not differ
"
.f ( B)
.- . ,&a,
greablg from unity, the ratio will be rather lwge compared with
. B,,b .
cos '4, wliicli can never esceed unity. nncl the acdi.lerntioii itself is
relt~tivelysniall. Because of these conditions t,he followilig may be
tn$en as the approsimate eyuivnlent of (365):
54
. f(B)
Accelera tion=*- tmi-l--
sin l$
-f(& - Eb+cos
Aotb l$ (367)
B
2 in these cases. is small compared with unity, the
Also because ,
_4
_
following may be taken :IS the approsiniate equivalent of (366) :
To nllow for the effects of the longitude of tlie iiioon's node, the
tabular value of the acceleration should, t,lierefore, be multiplied by
the mtio f-- ( B ) and the a.mount by which the resultant amplitude
ftL.i)
cliffers froin unity by the smie factor. 111 the pnrticular cases under.
consiclerntion the factor-f, for constituents PI, S2,and T,, is unity for
fiB) 1
endi. Therefore, for the .effect of P1on ICl, t,he ratio -----
f i d ) -j(1Q
=F(K1), and for the effect of I<?upon S2,this ratio isf&). For the
effect of T2.upon S2themtio is...unitmy.
ELIMINATION
+(b-a)~
-lS0 sin
-- ?r 4 ( b - a ) r B sin {$(b-fi)r+B} (375)
Substituting (374) m c l (375) in (372) and (373), and for brevity
letting
v
y sina (b$ -
(b-a)~
F b =150 a)T B (376)
we have
A COS a=A COS a + S Fb COS {$(b-a)r+b} (377)
A sin a=A sin. a+3: Fb sin {$(b-.fi)r+fl} (375)
Transposing,
A COS a=A COS d--S Fb COS { + ( b - u ) ~ + / 3 } (379)
A sin a=A sin a-Z Fb sin { + ( b - a ) ~ + p } (380)
Multiplying (379) and (380) by sin a a.nd cos a,respectively,
.8G U. 5. C O l S T AXD GEODETIC SURVEY
250. Formula (389) gives a.n espression for obtaining tlie cliff erence
to be applied to the unrliminn.bec1 {(A)in orcler to obtain the true
.{(A), m c l forniulrt (390) gives a,n espression for obtaining t,hc true
.ninplitucle R ( A ). These f0rmuln.s cmnot, however, be rigorously
n.pplied, becrtuse t>he6rue yahes. of. R(B) a.nd { ( B ) of the disturbing
constituents are! in geiierd; not k n o ~ n but
, very satisfactory results
niny be obtninecl by using the npprosininte vnlues of R(B) and { ( B )
.derived from the mialysis or by inference.
By a series of successive n.pprosinixtions, using each time in the
formulas the newly eliniinntecl values for the clistirbingconstitucnt.s,
hay clesirecl degree of refinement may he obtaincd, but the first
approsinintion is usually sufficient and all that is justified. because
of the grenter irregularities existing from other causes.
251. Fornl 245 (fig; 19). provicles for t81iecomphtatioiis necessary in
qplying forniulus (389) ancl (390). . In these formulas the factors
,180 sin.+(b-n)~-
represintecl by. -
7r 4(b--cr.)r
and the angles represented b y
HARI\IONIC 4 N A L S S I s A N D PR.EDICTION O F TIDES S7
+(Q-u.)T will clepencl upon the length of series; but for any given
lcngtli of series they will be constant for all times and places. Table
39 has been computed to give thcse quantities for diflerent lengths
of series. The factor BS clirectlv obtained may be either positive or
negat.ive, but for convenience the tabular values me all givcn as
positive, and when the factor as' directly obtained is negative the
angle has beeii modifiecl by flSOo in order to compensa.te for the
change of sign in the factor nncl permit the tabular values to be usccl
directly in formulas (389) and (390).
252. An esamination of formidas ('3S9) a.nd (390) \+ill show that the
disturbing effect of one constituent upon another. will depend largely
sin +(.b-a)~.
upon the magnitude of the fraction +(b-n) T Assuming t8hatb is
not equn.1 to a, this fract.ion and t,lic disturbing effect it represents will
360
approach ZCTO as the length of series T appronchcs in value 9- or
(b -4
any nlultiple thereof, or, in other words, as T approaches in length
any mdtiple of the synodic period of constituents A and B. Also,
since the numerator of the fraction can never exceed unity, while the
clenominntor' may be increased indefinitcly., tlie value of tlie fmction
will, in general, be cliniinishecl by increasing the length of series and
will approach zero as T approaches infinity. The greater the dif-
ference (b--a) between the speeds of the two constituents the less
will be their disburbing effects upon each other. For this reason tlie
effects upon each other of tlie diurnal and semidiurnal constituents
are usually considered as negligible.
253. The quantities R(B) and [(Bj of forniulas (389) and (390) refer
to the k u e aniplitucles and epochs of the disturbbig constituents.
These true values being in general unknown when the elimination
process is to be applied, it is desirable that there should be usecl in the
formulas the closest approsimation to such va.1ues as me obtainable.
If the series of observations covers a period of a year or more, .the am-
plitudes and epochs as directly obtaincd from the analysis may be
considered sufficiently close npprosiniations for use in the formulas.
For short series of observations, however, t,lie values as directly
ob.tabiec1 for the amplitudes and epochs of some of the constituents
mny be so far from the true values that they are entirely unservice-
able for use in the formulas. 1 n . s w h cases 'inferred values for the
disturbing constituents should be usecl.
LONG-PERIOD CONSTITIIENTS
. .
x ~ = ACOS [24(d-I)n+c~'+83~,] 1
Representing tlie.mean of these 24 ordinates for d day by yd, we have
1
- A cos {34(d--ija.+a} [1+cos a f c o s ~ a + - - - - + c o s 23a]
y d = 34
''
-- d sin {24(~-l)a+or][sin n+sin 2a+_---+sin 33a]
24
-_ 23
cos {24(d--l)n+a} cos y a
d
-sin'{%(d-1)a+arj sin -
2
a
1 sin 1%
=- d7
54 sin J2n
COS { 2 4 ( d - l ) ~ + c ~ + l l . 5 ~ } (39s)
(401j
ctc.
The c.onibinec1 disturbing effect of d l the short-period c.onstituenbs
in:i.y, therefore, be represented by tlie equation
1 sin 1%.
y=yn+yt,+etc.=- 24 A -sin 4n cos ( ~ t f a )
+ - 1B sin 1 5
cos (bt+ B) +etc. (402)
24 sin $b
,263.This foriiiuln is ndapted to w e on tlie tide-c.oniputing machine.
Witah tlie constituent c.r,znks set in accordance with tlie cmfficieiits
and initid epochs of the above forniult!, the inticliiiie will indicate
t.lie values of y corresponding to siicccssive values of t . . Thc values
of y desired for the c.1earanc.e.s are those which correspond t o 1 at the
1l.5.,hour011' each clay. Thus; the clena.;iiice for e.nc.11successive dn.y
of series may he rend direcdy froin t,he dials of B e machine. I n
practice, it i n q be found more convenient to use the daily smis
rather talian the daily iiie~nsfor the nndysis. I n this case the c.0-
efficients 'of tlie ternis of (405)should be niultip1ie.d by the factor 21
before being usccl in the tide-coiiipubiiig niacliine.
. 264. Assuming that d l the daily sunis are used in the analpis,' the:
augmenting factm represented by foriiiula (30s) which is used for
t,he short-period constituent is also n.pplicxble to the, long-period c.011-
stibuents, with 11 representing the nmiiber of constituent periods in .z
constituent. niopt'h or ye?.?. Thus,.for Min,niirl en., 2) ~.cliI?ls3 , nn<l
for Mf, MSf, t i a d Ssn, p equiils 3. For the long-period constitiieiibs L
fwt1ie.r correc,tion or augnie.iit.iiig fac,tor is necessary, bemuse tlie
niem or sum of the 34 hourly heights of the c1n.y is used to represent
tlie single orclinate nt the 11.5 hour of tlie day,
265. If we let .foriiiul~. (396) be t,he eyuiiticm of the long-period
constSitueiit sought, formuln (400') will give the .nie&nvidue' of the 24
ordinates of tslie day wliic.li, in the grouping for the analysis, is td-\en
L
as representing the 11.5 hour of the clay or the td hour of the series.
Since the tsue constituent, orclinate for this hour should be d cos
sin $EL
'(&+a), it is evident that an augmenting. fact'or of 34 mu, niust, be
txpp~iecito tlik nikn.n oicliiiates i.s cIeiiGec1 froin the suni of tlii 24
hourly heights of tlie clay in orcler to reduce the means to the 11.5
'
.
.
y&=A cos 24X364a.+Br cos 24X364b+
.+,sin 24X,364n+B sin 24X3(i4b+
270. A normal equation is now foiiiied for eich iinlinown quantity
....
. ... I 1
by multiplying cnch observntiond cquation by the coefficient of the
unknown quantity in that equation and adding the results. . Thus,.
for t.lle ,unknown quantity A, we liave
. . COS O=dcos O+B cog.@Cos O+ ..-
+asin 0 cos O+B sin 0 cos O+ - . - .
?J. COS 24n=A COS 24nfB cos 24b cos 34n+ . - - .
-+
sin l2n(b+u) cos 12(n-l)(b+u)
sin 12(b+a)
sin 4380(b-a) cos 4368(b-a)
e4 sin 12(b-a) .
-4 sin
-- 4380(b+u) cos 4368(b+a) .
(415)
sin 12(b+u)
HARMONIC ANALYS'IS AED PFbEDICTIO6. OF TIDES 95
n =366
i n 3,4(?a--l)b cos 34(?r--l)u
n=l
- sin 12n(b-u) sin 12(n-l)(b-a)
-4 sin.l2(b-u)
sin 12n(b+n) sin 12(.n-1)(b+u.)
+3
'
sin 12(b+u)
=+ sin 43SO(b--ci) sin 4368(b-a)
- sin 12(b-u) ,
C y,,sin.24(n--l)n
-4.OOC' +3.SOD' +3 .NE'
11=1
' '
=2 .I 4L4' -4.15B'
n=w
+ 181.95A"f l.OlB"+ 1.06Q"+O.34D"$0.68E"
'
n=w
-4.1SA"+0. FSR"+0.92 C" -0.09D" -O.1FE' (417b)
y,, sin 24(n--l)b
-n =-l
=4.29A'+O.S8B' +0.92Cr +3.05D' 4-3.06 E'
n=3u
+
I.OIA"+ 181.83B"-0.80C"-0~08D"-O.I7 E"
y, cos 34(n--l)c
n=l
~
= -0.34A'- +
0.09B' -0.11C' 0.00D' 0.00E'
. +0.34A"-0.08B''-0.10~"+182.63D"
+
+O.OOE"
. '
n =365 \ .
yn cos 24 (n- 1:)e
n=1 '
=4.96d'-1.5lBJ- l.i0C"-O0.54D'+lS2.3SE'
n=3(jg
+
' 3 .SA"+ 3.06B"+ 3;2.X"+ 0.OOD" 0.OOE" + 1 (417e)
yn sin 24(,~-1je
.
n-1
++
= -0.'iOA' -0.1SB' -0.21 C' 0 .O1D' 0.OO E'
+
+
0 .GSd"-0.17B" -0.20C" 0 .OO D"+,I S2.@I! E" ,
-1
--_ sin 1%
34 sin +a8 a [COS {24(?~-1) (a,+n)+ll.5nS+a,},
-sin + +
{ 34 (.le- 1) (aa- n) 11.50,~ a,}]
277. Formulas (434) and (426) &present. the clearances for any
long-pexiod constituent d clue to any short-period constituent A,,.
The first must be subtracted from terms corresponding. to
Zy,cos 34(?z.-l)a and the lather from ternis corresponding to
an sin N ( n - 1 ) a of formula (417) before solving the latter.
278. I n . (434) and (435) 'the coefficients of A', and A",; which
for brevity we may designate as C', Cf', S', and S", respect,ively,
contain'only values that are constant for a d series and may therefore
be computed once for all. Separate sets of such' coefficients must,
howewr, be coniput,ed for the effect 'of each short-period constituent
upon each long-period constituent,. In the usual reductiolis in which
the effects of 3 short-period constituents upon 5 long-period con-
stituents'we considered, 15 sets of 4 coefficients each, or 60 coefic.ients
in all, m e required. ..
The coefficients we given in tlie following t,able: * .
. - -II . . const.ituents
Longp&riod .
---
Mf I MSf
----
Rn ' Ssn
_---
i-o.0030 +5.739 -0.1041 -0. IO4B
-0.'0377 -3.923 -0.0753 -0.0755
+O.M17 -2.SlO -0. 0019 -0.0035
+O. 0105 -5.727 +o. OMS +o. 0096
' +0.0368 +0.0294 -0.0170 -0.0178
-0.2236 -0.1938 4-0.0025 4-0.0025
-0.15% -0.1n1 +o. m2 +o. om
-0.0854 -0.0908 +o. 0001 +o. oooz
+O. 0106
-0.0775
+o. os41
+0.0338 1 +O. 0157
-0.OSlri
+o. 0875
+0.0331
-n. 19%
-0.1824
-0.0046
+o. oogo
-0.1934
-0.1831
-0. 00m
. +O.OlSO
I
I
~~ ~~~
-2q -0.74
-0.0s
282. From tlie above ta;ble it is evident that in tlie summation for the
monthly ineans for a calendar year tlie niicldle of each-group of
comnion year is on a.n average 0.93' earlier than the mlddle of the
corresponding group when the Julian year is equally subdivided
and the middle of each group of a leap year is on an average 0.06'
earlier. Subtracting these values from 15', the interval between the
beginning of the observations nncl tlie middle of the first group of an
equal subdivision, we have 14.07' and 14.04', for common and leap
years, respectively, a.s a correction to be applied to the 5 of Sa zts
,100 U. S. W A S T AND .GBODFfPIC SURVEP
directly obtained, in order to refer the p to. tlie'O hour of tlie 1st day
of Januaiy. For Ssa the corrections will be twice as great;.
. 283. If the year coninieiices on the first day of any month other than
.January, the corrections will differ a little froni the above. Calculated
in a manner similar to that above, tlic following table gives the
correction to be applied to the ( to refer to the first clay of any moiitli
a t which the series coniniences. The correction to the { of Ssn i ~ i l l
be twice tlie tabular value for Sn.
Observations rommence-
1 Correction to of Sa
to refer to begin-
ning of,month
Correction to f o f h
to refer to begin-
ning of month
I Cnnimnn
year
0
I Lrnp
pear
Cou1mon
year
0 0
Jan. 1 ________
Feb. 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14.07
13.50
____
14.94 July l... .-.-. _ _ _ _- _ _
14.45 Aug. 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ . _16.93.
15.54.
14.9s
_
15.43
&far. 1 ____________ ____ ____ __._
Apr. 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _15.31
15.fig
____
15.93 Sept. 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _14.41
_ _ .Oct.
15.43 __ 1 _ __
_ _ __
_ _ __
_ _ __
___
___________
____ _____._
_ _ _ . 14.94
.______
14.83 15.43
M a y 1_ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _15. _ 15.93
i 2_ _ _ __ Nov.
__ 1 __ __ __ __ _._ __ ._ _ 14.24
__ ____ 14.94
______
June 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15.15 15.43 Dec. 1 _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ 14.05
____ 15.48
______
. 284. If the monthly means estend over iiiany cilleiiclnr yenxs, it ma.y
be convenient to conibine them for n. single analysis. I n this case the
.(Vof-w) for January 1 iiiay be taken tis the avcrhge of the values for
the beginning of each year included in the observations, n n d the
correction to the ;to refer to the beginning of tlie year will be a incan
of the vdues given above for common and leap years, weightccl in
accordance witli-the number of encli kind of year included. If only
a few yews of observations are available, it is better to analyze encli
yew separate1y:in order t,liat tlie results may serve as n clieck on cncli
other.
285. The tllignienting factors to be used for coi~stituentsSa and Ssa
;wlien clerivccl from the inontlily sea level vducs n.rc bnsecl upon for-
muln- (404) in l>aragri>.pli266 mid are ns follows:
Ss 1.0115, logafitlim 0.00497.
Ssa 1.0472, logqiitlim 0.02005.
ANALYSIS OF HIGH A N D LOW WATERS
'
(439)
the upper or lower sign being used according to whether B is positive
or negative; As wider the assumed conditions 6 must coine within
the limits f45O, the ratio of M as derived from (,439) will adways be
'
-,
M2
positive. '
Mz is
397. The clurntion of rise of tide due. solely t.o the c.c~nst.it~uent
-.1soo
a
The chirat-ionof rise as modified by the pi-esenc.eof the a.ssunied M4
is
Therefore
and
M,= v-lcos +nDR
c.os i!DH . . . . (443)
M, must be positive, mcl the s i p of the above. ccbdfkient,will depend
uDR is less or g e n t e r tl.lnn lSOo.
upon wli.~?t.lier
298. Tlle npprosimate constarits for S2, Nz! Ill!m d 0, niay be.
obtained from the observed high a.nd low waters as follows : Aclcl to
each low-wn.tferheight the mean rn.nge of t.iide. Copy the high and
iiioclifiecl low water heights into t h forin for hourly hcights (foriii 362),
dways putting the values upon t,he newest s o h hour. Slim for the
desired consti tueii ts, using the smie stenc.ilsa.s are used for t-lieregular
104 'U. 5. COAST ABD GEODETIC SURVEY
(445)
301. Forms used by tlie Const, nnil Geodetic Survey for tlie harmonic
annlysis of tide observations are sliown in figures 9 to 19. A series of
tide observations n t Morro, Ca.liforni:~,coveriiig the period Februnly
13 to July 25, 1919, is taken as a.11example to illustrxte taliedetail of
the work.
302. Form 366,Hourly hekghfs (fig. 0) .--Tho hourly heights of the
tide are first tw.bulatec1in forin 363. Altliougli the zero of the tide
staff is usually t&en a.s the height datum, any otlicr iised plane will
serve this purpose. For prncticn.1 conveiiience it, is clesirnble t.lint t-lle
datum be low enoiigli to avoid negative tabulations but n o t so low
LLSto c.mise. the. readiiigs to be iiic.onveuie.iitly large. for suiminiiug.
303. The hours refer to mean solar time, which mi.y be either local
or staiiclarcl, astrononiic:i.lor civil, but stnnclil.ri1civil t h e will generdly
he the. most c.onvenieut to iise. The series mist c,oiiiniciice with the
zero (0) hour of the adopt.ec1 tiiiic, mcl d l vn.cmcies the record
should be fillccl by int,erpolnt,eclvalues in order t h t rncli hour of the
series may be represented by a tabulatecl height. It, is the genere.1
)ractice to iise brackrts with interpolated vdues to distinguish them
{ram the observed heights. The Fccord for siiccessive days of thc
series must bo ent.erer1 in successive coluiiiiis of t h forni, ancl tlwsc
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AXD Pl<XDICTIOB OF TTDES 105
coluiiiiis nrc to be. numbered consecutively, beginning wi t.h one (1)
for the first dny of the serics.
' 304. The series o.nn1yze.d should. he one of tlie lengths indicated in
paragrnpli 153. Scries of ohscrvntions very nearly equn.1 to one of
these stancln.rc1lcugtlis limy he completed by t.lie use of estrnpolnted
hourly hciglits. If tlie observntions cover a period of scvcra.1 yews,
the nnnlysis for cacli ycm mny he ninde sepamtely, n.c.ompn.risonof
the results nfforcling LJIIcscellent chcd<011 tlie.~orli.
305. The hourly heights 011 each page. of forni 362 w e first summed
horizontally niid vcrticnlly. The t,otnl of thc vertica.1 sums must
equal tlie total of tlie liorizon tal siinis, nnd this pa.ge sum is entered in
the lowex riglit-1w.d corner of tlic p g e .
106 U. .S. 0019T.AX\-u CEODE'ML! SURVEY
Station: Y- Sear:
Chief of Party: Lat. Long.
Time Meridian: Tide Gauge KO.-Scale 1: -Reduced l o Staff. -
11-m
FIGURE
10.
HAEMOhTIC AWALSSIS AWD P ~ D I C T I O BOF TIDES 107
. The .stencils. are-nuniberecl with the clays of series to which they
.apply, m d specid care must be tn.lxm to see tlist the clays of series
:on encli stencil correspond with the dnys of series on the page of
tabulations with which it is used. For constituent S no stencils are
necessai-y, as' the constituent. hours corresponcl to the .solar hours of
the .tn.bulntionsand the horixoiitnl sums from form 362 may be taken
.directly as the constituent hour sums.
308. Form 1.62, Stcn.ci.1sums (figs. 13 .mcl 13).-The sums for'each
constituent horn n.re entered in form 142, one line of the.fom being
used for each page of the origind tabulat,ions. The total of the hour
1 . .
L
108 U. S. O A W AND GEODI3TIC SUBVET
sums in each line of the forin must equal the corresponclhig pa.ge sum
of the hourly heights in form 362, this serving as a check .on the s u m -
mation. After the suniiiiing of all the p g e s of the series has been
conipletecl for any constitwnt the totals for each constitu&t hour
are obtained, the divisors from table 32 entered, uiicl the constituent
hourly iiiems coiiiputecl (fig. 13). These means should be carefully
. . .
checked before proceeding with .the analysis. Large errors can .+ls.u?lly,
be detected by plotting tlie means.
- 0 . I 1 S I 6 0 T O 0 1 0 1 1
1 24.3 20.6 17.9 16.9 21.0 23.0 28.0. 31.9 39.2 34.8 31.9 27.4
2 21.8 17.5 14.4 13.6 11.2 12.3 14.6 20.6 Zl.7 Zd.9 24.7 24.3
3 19.7 16.9 11.0 9.6 12.2 17.7 28.124.9 27.4 27.6 29.8 21.1
4 26.4 18.0 17.3 17.3 22.7 22.6 S.3
26.0 36.6 41.2 33.3 86.6
6 21.6 21.4 17.9 18.2 16.3 19.9 24.9 29.9 37a.7 S4.8 33.2 29.6
6 20.3 16.8 15.8 12.1 Ue.6 16.1 21.0 23.4 23.6 24.8 26.0 28.1
I 23.1 16.1 13.3 13.1 15.6 23.7 28?6 33.9 50.1 34.9 27.6 23.6
8 25.5 2d.O 21.4 21.6 20.8 23.6 27.2 29.7 43.5 36.4 32.6 27.6
9 20.9 18.5 16.2 12.1 11.3 13.8 18.1 26.3 26.8 28.6 26.0 29.6
10 16.9 13.2 10.2 8.7 11.6 15.5 18.3 21.6 24.4 15.3 28.7 24.3
11 18.6 15.0 12.6 15.7 17..2 23.2 29.6 41.1 36.7 34.4 27.8 24.0
12 24.6 26.5 20.4 20.7 21.0 24.6 32.1 31.7 32.7 36.6 31.6 25.6
13 25.7 17.3 13.2 10.0 11.9 12.6 16.2 20.3 24.3 240.2 30.3 24.4
14 16.7 12.6 8.3 8.7 9.5 14.3 19.0 23.4 30.2 27.4 27.2 26.1
16 19.0 16.1 16.3 15.7 20.1 26.5 37.7 37.7 40.2 39.3 35.6 29.6
16 29.6 22.8 21.6 22.6 25.7 31.7 31.9 34.9 35.8 38.1 28.3 Z7.3
17 22.9 18.6 14.5 11.1 10.5 12.3 15.1 19.0 25.4 24.6 24.9 23.6
l8 15.4 10.0 . 6.2 3.2 4.9 10.2 16.0 24.2 24.6 25.1 25.4 27.6
19 16.7 15.4 13.1 15.3 19.8 29.4 31.8 35.8 98.3 37;9 S8;7 28 3
20 27.6 2 1 0 19.8 20.4 28.1 29.9 31.5 36.1 36.4 39.9 86.9 22.8
__
ry.. la la I+ 16 IO IT IO IO PO ai za as
1 92.7 21.1 17.5 13.5 14.6 17.5 17.9 26.2 26.2 27.7 26.9 28.0 676.6
2 25.8 17.6 17.4 18.9 21.6 28.8 32.1 35.1 36.5 35.9 354 26.6 652.5
3 17.5 17.6 14.7 15.4 21.1 25.5 29.2 33,s 35.3 39.6 80.0 %.e, 547.8
4 23.2 20.8 12.9 9.0 7.1 7.9 14.0 20.8 22.2 24.9 15.3 638.0
25.8
5 27.5 20.2 16.9 15.5 16.4 23.8 25.3 30.3 27.9 29.0 34.0 25.4 897.6
6 23.8 23.0 20.0 . M a 2 23.1 25.2 27.5 28.8 39.4 58.2 28.7 24.4 662.8
7 19.5 15.6 17.8 14.6 15;5 20.g 29.8 31.4 33.7 33.1 30.6 29.0 574.S
8 22.4 19.4 12.3 8.8 7.4 10.7 14.9 19.5 24.1 26.6 32.0 27.3 658.1
9 22.1 18.1 1 5 4 14.0 17.1 19.1 24.3 29:3 58.0 29.0 28.0 24.6 628.2
10 23.2 22.6 26.3 22.0 24.4 26.9 28.7 33.8 28.1 30.7 26.4 24.6 556.1
11 19.4
11.8 18.2 12.6 13.1 16.8 25.3 26.6 29.1 29.0 30.4 22.9 550.8
12 21.5 8.4 13.1 4.6 4.4 8.7 16;O 21.0 25;s 31.9 28.1 27.0 536.3
13 21.7
16.6 18.0 17.6 17;s 21.6 26.9 36.1 36.5 36.4 30.2 27.0 642.8
14 28.6
.27.4 23.6 26.4 26.0 28.8 36.8 32.5 31.5 28.2 28.0 25.0 666.S
15 20.3
12.9 16.4 10.6 14.6 21.5 82.0 25.7 27.8 31.1 25.4 22.6 681.6
16 20.9
10.9 14.9 6.1 4.8 9
.
9 16.9 23.2 2;-1 50.8 30.b 28.9 660.8
17 21.3
22.2 17.1 16.8 17.9 26.7 27.6 36.0 33.5 36.5 35.4 32.1 546.7.. ,
18 22.2 21.1 21.5 23.6 31.2 EL8 50.4 31.7 31.3 28.2 27.6 21.1 Sl4.4
19. 19.6 15.6 12.5 11.3 10.0 10.2 19.9 26.1 28.6 24.1 22.6 19.7 642.5
EO 20.4 15.2 7.8 3.6 3.0 2.2 17.1 22.2 27.4 29.8 34.3 27.7 558.1
k . 443.6 375.0 318.0 288.9 310.7 388.8 k81.6 569.6 613.7 620.6 590.7 513.9 llOg3.0
FIGURE
12.
HARMOBIC AlTkLYSIS ABD PREDICTIOW OF TIDES 109
nioon (s), of the lunar perigee ( p ) , of the sun (h), of t-lie solar pcrigce
(p,), ancl of the moon's ascending node (N), may be obtained from
tsble 4 for tlie beginning of uny yens between 1800 and 2000. Thci
vdues for any year beyond these limits may be readily 0btabne.d by
taking -into uccount the rate of clia.nge in these denleiits as given,in
table 1'. The corrections necessary in orcler to refer thc elements to
niiy desired month; day, ancl hour a m given in tablc 5. As t1ie.tubles
refer to Greenwicli nienn civil tirnc, the n.rgunient used in entering
tlieni should refer idso to this kind of time, and in the lines for the
beginning nncl middlc of the series at thc head of the fonn spnce is
therefore provided for entering the .e( uivalent Gre.eiiwich hour. Any
change in the dn.y iiiay be nvoicled y using n negative Greenwich
hour hen necessary. For esmiple, 1923, January 1, 0 hour, in the
b
stn.nclurc1t h e of the niericlian 15' enst of Grec.nwic.li! niay be written
as 1922, January 1,- 1 hour in Greenwich tinic, insted of 1921,
December 31,23 hour, as ivould othenvise be necessaiy. If n negntsive
argument is used in ,table 5 , the corresponding tabulns value must he
t&en with its sign reve!sed. For tlie miclcll%of t-lieseries the newest
inte&d hour is sufficient.
. ~ I, Y, f , v', and 2v" are obt,aised for the iniclclle
310. The v ~ d u cof
of the series from table 6, using N as tlie n.rgiinient. If N is between
180 nncl 360, encli of the last four quantities will be negative, but I
.
POrmI..
~ W A n T M r * r o V COYYmSs
Y...IW1..l.,.nl*.rn,.
m ~sTE
:Ncp.
Ilktion: .-.w*..- --------.---- :-..- LQiL:-a6?!.2a!..I.
0OmF.mac: I!P.....L.ea5ll d k ..iE.-%dbegiLU; LR$-g???=L35L~:w%w*
M m
' 21 26.9 l8.k 14.8 I416 10.6 11.1 17.9 23.8 23.1 24.4 24.1 22.6
e8 16.8 l4.8 7.7 5.7 6.6 11.1 19.6 23.2 26.6 27.6 30.8 24.9
23 17.8 15.7 16.2 20.1 2lu.6 30.7 1.3 37.3 99.0 42.8 Wu.9 28.4
24 7.2 :6.8 6.2 1.1 6.6 8.0 9.7 9 4
-21-24 67.7 65.4 49.8 46.4 46.S 600.9 79.8 96.2 106.9 106.9 99.8 86.3
1-20 457.1 366.9 800.9 323.8 401.1
- 4
&lM.- 504.8 411.7, S44.1 332.9 869.1 462.6 676.6 677a.7 742.8 7m.5 693.3 608.7
DlVlmWh- 161 163 162 165 164 163 365 163.. 1W 166 163 162
*ma.- 5.08 2.63 2-12 2-04 2-26 .2.W 3.m 4.11 4.M 4-66 4.S 3.76
i
ru I- 18 I+ '18 18 IT I. IO ao ai aa sa
21 23.8 18.2 17.0 17.8. 28.3 24.0 23.7 sa.9 95.9 42.1 34.7 1 . 1 658.8
22 22.6 20.7 20.2 26.0 26.9 51.7 36.2 W.0 40.0 Sl.3' 26.2 20.5 551.4
23 23.1 16.9 15.5 11.6 '11.9 13.7 19.6 25.1 26.6 26.2 24.0 .24.6 671.8
7 0 7
9Uma 21-24 72.2 59.9. 55.7, 56.6 63.0 7015 86.2 95.4 108.0 106.6 92.6 8S.9 l W . 8
n 1-20 ~ ~ . 6 : ~ 7 5 ; 0 : ~ 1 8 . 0 . ~ o a j 9 ' 3 1 ..
0 aea.e:kei;6:sssu6
.7 613.7 6~0.6 590.7.5is.g 1
: . 9 %ma.
: - 4 3
515.8 4
DirSnon,- 162. 163 163 '163 162 162 163 16S 162, 162 163 ,163
xOm8.- 3.18 2.67 2.29 2.12 8-31 2.83 3-48 4.08 4.45 4.49 4.19 S.6?
FIGURE
13.
24G037-41----S
110 U. S. . M A S T AXD GEOI>KJ?I!2 SUVcVEY . , ,,
13 for any date bctween 1900 and 2000, inclusive, using the value of N
for interpolation. If the series falls beyond the limits of this ta.ble,
the following forinulas may be used:
u of L=25-2v-R (par. 129) '. (446)
Thc: -\.dues of 5 ancl 1niny bc t&n iom form 244, the v&&s of R
and Q Iroiii tables S nnd 10, respcc.tively,.using,tlie arguments I and
P for tlie miclclle of the series. ...
mrm s4,. . .
QSFlnruEllr OF WUUIRCFS
s.. UI.I".U...,.W.....
TIDES: t G p t a t i o n 01 vm+u.
120. 51' K. .
S!dh .....!!OrroL.-!.!i~~Orn.!.?! ........._....... ........:...................... Id...95.'.. 22'- N.! ......... Iang. .A,f@.,95..H:. -L'
w. =
.......E........o................. ......! L w t n / a c * .....~ d .
1. *I. (IY,.<,*J)u.
B*nningn/-u ..... nm. mI..~zQ...QQ-H.-s'
. .
- . .
-I I---_ For I:>+ In;:;nnbz 01 write. I Fwibemiddbdrria.
FIGURE
14. . . .
H A R M O X I ~8XALYSI.S AND PI~Ll??JCXION OI? TTDES 111
. 3.12. In finding the diflerence between tlie longitude of .the time
meridian ( S )nncl tlie longitude of t . 1 p1ac.e
~ (L)consider west longitude
.ns positive and east longitude as ncga.tive. I n the ordinary use of
foiin'244 it is nssuniecl that civil time lms been used in.tlie tabulations
.of t h e observations. I f , however, the original liourly heigllts as
tabul?ted in form 363 we in accordance with astroiiomicd time in
which tlie 0 hour represents the noon of the corresponding civil day
.nncl the 13th liour the~followingniidniglit, foiiii 244 will still be
applicable ,if the longitucle of the tinie meric1ici.n (8)is taken equal to
the civil tinie meridian plus 180'. For esaniplc, if t.zbulations linve
been i n d e in a.st.ronomica1time for .z locdity where the civil tinic is
bnsecl upon the meridian 15' E., the value for S should be ta.lie1i
+
.ns - 15 180, or lG5O. If tabulations have becn in Greenwich
astronomicd time, S should be'talcen a,s 180'.
313. Form 244n, Log F nn.d arguments .for diiniimtion (fig. 15).-
Items (1) to (11) are compiled hcre for convenience of reference for
Lon F Componmt . h F
( I ds.1 (4 IkJ
... 9:.8.?.Z(r ....... M I i ..... .........
.O..aa
...%..g.? 82....... Z I K . . . . . . .a.m29.........
...O..m4....... hlN . . . . . . 1.MM.........
..0:.09z9 ....... MS,Sshf . . . .B..Q52 .........
o.oooo Mr . . . . . O.BS6 .........
..o:.om ........ MI . . . . . .9...SW2
.......
0.000'0 Mm ..... ..9.....9772
..............
..9.9932 ........ 6 4 6M . . . . 0.0000
..0:.0264........ I
- -
( i ) - ~ - i t c m (6) from F O n ~. 1 ~ -...2tS.lll.........
(2) I-item (7) from Form 2.14 ......21.221......... (2 dec.)
@)=P=ilem(12) from Form 244- ...5.C..93 ......... (2 de.)
(4 dee.)
. . (J)-(h--fv')-item (3)-.f item (10),fmm Form 2.14- .......... 387.: ...... (0 am.)
(5) = (h-r") -
=item (3) 1 itern (1 I), from Form 244 = ..........331........ (0 dec.)
(6)=(h-p,)-item (3)-item (I), front Form 24.1;- ........................41
..... (0 der.)
EXPLANATION.-FOr all tablea ma Spccial Publication No. 98. Fimb fJ1 in items (I) to (8). Then
obtain values of log F for all components excepting L: and U,from Table 13. Log F(LJ=log RM,)+
log R
., and log F(M,)-log F(O,)+log Q.. Items (9) to (11) erc obtained efter the rest of the form
hsa been U e d out.
FIGURE
15.
112 U. 5. CO-4ST ARD GEODETIC SZTRVXY
this and form 452. Items (1) to (ti) nre obtained from valdes givcn in
foi-ni 244. Iteni (7) is obtained froin table 7,using items (2) and (3) as
arguments, and item ( S ) is obtained from table 9, using item (3) as
argament. Items (9) to (11) are obtained n-fter the rest of the fornl
has been filled out.
. 314. The log F for each of the listed constituents, escept L? and M,
and those for wliicli.tlie 1ognrithm.is given as zero, ma.y be obtained
from ta.ble 12, using itein (2)' BS the argument. For constitu'ents
I& ilnd MI
Log F(LJ =log F(h&)+item (7) (44s)
Log F(M,)=log F ( 0 J +item (8) (449)
If the ticlnl series aiinlyzecl was observed between the yea,rs 1900 '
and 2000, thc log F(L2) nncl log F(M,j mny be t d w i directly froin
D U A n u -mimo?I O
W Y I I I ~ TIDES: HARMONIC ANALYSIS
L D * I T M D m C WUIIEI
6Uim ..-._-!!!r~a~..&~~&!n! .
a. h.
Jmf. ..8s'..z?..N lmg. 120.?..21!-.2 ..... -
h p mnl.... n..... 8-h k#hu..&g.-$~ ....1s 0...... h g l h drrh 26s.....
.....,,*r\,1 Tuw 3s;. ..12@0.. ........
FIGURE
16.
FIARMOBIG BXALPSIS AXD P R E D I C T I O ~ OF TIDES 113
table 13, using tlic year of observntions,. together with item ( I ) , as
.argument.
315. Form 194, IJarino,ai~analysis (fig..lG).-Tliis form is based,
.primarily, upon forinalas (295), (29G), (303), and (304) and is designed
for the coniputstioiis of the first approsininte values of the epochs
( K ) and the sniplitudes (H> of tlie harmonic constants. Provisions
are macle for obt2i.in.ingthe cliurnd, semidiurnd, terdiurnnl, quarter-
cliurna.1,. sistli-diurnal and eiglitli-diurnal constituents, but only such
items need be computed as are necessary for the particular constituents
sought. For tlie principal lunar series M,; MIJM3, M4, h/16, and Ma,
compute all itenis of tlie form. For tlie principal solar series S1, Ss,S4:
and Se, itenis (14), ( l e ) , (33), (351, tmcl (37) may be omitted. For
tlic lunisolar constituents ICl and IC2, items (14), [ l G ) , and (33) to
(37) may be oinitted. For tlie cliurna.1constituents Jl, 01,00, PI, Q1,
3Q, and p l , itenis (51, (6), and (14) to (341 niny be oniitted. For the
semidiurnal consbitueii.ts L,, N?, 2W, R2, T?,An, p 2 , u:, nnd 3SM, itenis
(3), (4), '(8) to (lG), and (33j to (37) niay be omitted. For ter-
cliurnd constituents MI< aucl 3MK, items (5), (tj), (9), (12), and
(18) to (37) niny be omitted. For quarter-diurnal constituents MN
and MS, items (3), (4), (S) to (251, nncl (35) to (37) m a y bc oniittecl.
I n the bottom portion of the form the symbol of the constituent is
to be.entered a t the head' of tlic column or colunins iiiclicntecl by the
subscript corresponding to tlie nuniber of constituent periods in n
constituent clay, the rcninining colunins being left blank.
316. The hourly iiimns from form 142 (fig. 13) we entered n.s itenis
(1) and (3) in regular ordez, beginning with t,lie n1en.n for 0 hour.
Item (4) consists of the last five values of item (3) arrmgccl. inareverse
order. Iteni (6) coiisist,s of tlic last sis values of. item ( 5 ) ui tlieu
original order. For the computations of t81iis foiin the following
tables will be found convenient: table 19 of this publication for
nntura.1 products, VegaJsLognritlimic Tn.bles for logarithms of 1inen.r
quantities, nncl Brernilier's Funfstellige Logaritlinien for logarithms
of the trigonomet&a.l functions. In the last tablc the nngular n.rgu-
nients are given in degrecs and clecininls.
317. I n choosing between items (44) and (45) the former should
he used if t81ietabular value of (41) in the first quadrant is greater
thmi 45' and tlic latter if this mgle is less than 45'. In referring
(41) .to t1i.c proper qua.drant it must be kept in niind that the signs
of tlie natural numbers coi~esponclingto (38) nncl (39) are respectively
the signs of the sine and cosine of the required mgles. Therefore
(41) mill be in the first qua.rlrant if botsli s slid L! are positive, in the
second quadrantl if s is positive aiicl c negative, in the third quaclra.iit
if both s and c n,re negative, a n d in the fourth qua.clrnnt if s is negs-
t h e a.ncl c positive. In obtaining (49j use (4G)+ (47:) for a11
constituents escept, S, and (4G)+(4S) for S. The log factor F for
item (50) niiiy be obtained from form 244n.
'
: 319. This form is also adapted for use wit;h the'lC;iig;-period coni
stituents. Assuming that the daily means have been dearecl of the.
effects of the short-period constituents .(p. SS), and that these means.
'have been assorted into 24 groups to cover the constituent period;
the 34 group metins niay then be ent-ered in form 194 in place of the
24 hourly means used for the short-period constituents. Thenl treat-
ing the constitucnts &hiand Sa the same as the diurnal tides and
the constituent,s Mf, Msf, m d Ssa as tlie seniidiurnal tides, tvlieform
mn.y be followed escept that the log-augmenting factor must be taken
from t d d e 20 and then conibiiiecl with items (46) And (48) to.obta.in
item (49), striking out iteni (47).
320. To obtain Sa and Ssa from the mont,hly means of sea level, o r
tide lcvcl, t h e following process may he usecl: Enter the monthly
means beginning with t-hatfor Jn.iiun.ryin alternate spaces provicldd for
the hourly means in form 194, plscing the value for Ja.nua.ry in the
space for the 0 hour. For convenience consider d l the intermediate
blank spaces as being filled with zero values and make tlie computa-
tions inchatecl by (3) to (13) and (18) to (21). Correct the co-
efficients of s1 and cI from 12 to 6, at top and foot of columns (9), (13),
(19), and (21). I n bottom of form enter Sa in column having sub-
script 2 and Ssa in column with subscript 4 in order to obtain correct
augmenting factors and strike out nunierds inclicnting subscripts.
For (38) niid (39) take tlic lognritlmi of twice the values of Gs and' 6c
as obtained above. The {'s as obtained from (40) must have the
following corrections applied in order to refer them to 0 hour of the
+
first day qf January-conmion years, Sa correction= 14.07', Ssa
+
corrFction= +28.14'; leap years, Sn correction= 14.94', SSR cor-
rection= +%.8so. For convenience in recording the rbsults it is
suggested that the { i.s clirect81yobta.inec1 from (40) be entcred (in
its proper quaclrant) in the spa.cejust below the 1ogn.ritlinifrom which
it is obtained, nncl that. the { correct,ed to the first day of January
be entered in tlie same line in tlie vacant c.olunin just to thc right.
The V + u , computed to the first c1n.y of Jmunry, 1iin.y th.en be entered
ininiedistdy unclcr the correckecl {'s and the K' of (43) readily obtained.
For (49) the conibiiintion (46) 4-(47) will he mcd.
321. Form 452?1R, K , and { from. analysis urd 6i:ferance.(figs. 17 and
18)-This form provides for certain computations preliminary to the
regular el~niinntionprocess. The constants for constituents IC, and
S, ns obtnmecl directly from form 194 may be improved by the appli-
cation of corrections 'from tables 21 t8026; niid constants for some of
the smallw constituents, w1iic.h h a w been poorly determined or not
cletermincd at nll by 61ie aiinlysis, niny be obtained by inference. If
t-lie series of observntioiis is very sli.ort, the inferred values for the
constants of .some of the co1istitue.uk iii:i.y be bctter t1in.n the un-
eliminated vn.lues from form 194.
322. Forni 452 is based upon pn.ragmphs 229 to 243. It is designed
to take account of the cliurnal c.oiistituent on one side (fig.17) nnd the
semidiuriinl constitucnts 011 the other side (fig. 1s). The nmplitudes
snd epoc.lis indic.ated by the u.coent (' j are Lo be L&cn from form 1.94
and the quantities indicated by the a.sterisk (*j from form 244 or 244%.
If tlie series is less thsn 365 dn.ys, vdues for SIand 2SM niny be
omitted. .
323. For all short series the values in c.olunins (4) and (8) are to be
computed in accordmce v7it.h t,lie equivalents a.iicl factors in columns
~ X A R M O N J CAXALSSIS AND PRJCDIC:~IOXdp I'IDES 115
(3) nml (7)respectively. If the series is 193 clays or more in length,
the x'of MI, P,, n.ncl 11, for column (4), nnd the log R of M,, P,, ana
IC, for colunm (8) may be taken directly from foini 194, nnd if the
series is 355 days or more in length the K aacl'log R of all the com-
poneiits for which' analyses havc been micle mA.y be taken directly
fronl the saiiic form. When n vndue is thus.taken directly from the
analysis, the corresponding equivalent in colunin (3) n.nd factors in
column (7)are to be crossed out.
324. The tnbu1a.r ~mluesof items (13) sild (13) for the diurnal con-
stituents and items (14) to (18)for the semidiwmd constitucnts inay
be obtained from tables 2 1 to 26 or from plotted curves representing
these tables, but for a series of 355 days or more in leq,th the acceler-
ations mn.y be taken as zero and the resultant amplitude factors as
unity. '
DIURNAL COMPONEMS
....I......... ..............
........
FIGURE
17.
116 TJ. E. OOAST AND GEODETIC S'LTRS'EP
I I I l l I
...
...
......-.?- .:-:-
::-... . ...---
. . . . . . .---
.....
............ ............
.......... . . . . . . ........
i . I I i I I- -
118 zr. s. OOASTAND GEODETIC SVRVEP
stituent the logarithiis of the iysulting products for cbhiih (2) .niay
.be.reaclily obtnined. Similarly, for column (4), the {'s of B from
column (6) of fomi 452 may be copied on a strip of paper and applied
to the bottom line of the tabular values for each constituent and the
differences obtained. . The natural numbers for column (3) correspond-.
ing to the logarithms .in colunin (2) can usually be obtained most
expeditiously from table 37, this table giving the critical 1ogarit.hmfor
.each change of .0.001 in the corresponding naturq.1 number. If the
-1ogaritliniis less than 6.6990, tlie natural number will. be too. smdl to
appear in the third decirnal place, ai!d the effects of the coiTesponding
constituent may be considered BS nil. The productg for columns (6)
a.nd (7) may be conveniently obtained from table 30. In column ( 8 )
the references to (6) and(7.) are to the sums of these columns. The
values of log F(A) and (V,,+u) for column. (8) may .be
folllls 244 and 344%. . . .. ... ...... .. . . . . .
obtained, from
. . ... . . . .
328. In tlie use of hGs .form it will..be noted that .the R's and {'s
referring to constituent B'arc to. be the best known values whether
r'
derived from the nadysis or by inference, but the R' and of con-
stituent i4, rnterecl as it.CmS (9) aid 09), respectively, must be the
unniodifird"vcl1ues as obtained directly by form 194.
. ..
ANALYSIS OF TIDAL CURRENTS
. ..
329. Ticid currents are the periodic horizontal niovenients of the
waters of the ea.rtli's surface. As thcy are caused by tlie smne periodic
forces that produce tlie vertical rise and fill of tlie tide, it is possible
to represent these currents by harmonic' expressions similar to those
used for tlie tides. Constituents with the same periods as those con-
. tained in the tides are involved, but the current velocities take the
place of the tidal hciglits. There are two general types.of ticlal cur-
rents, known RS t8hereversing type and the rotmy type. . .
330. I n the reversing type tlie current flows alternately in opposite
directions, the velocity increasing from zero st the. time of turning
to a inmimum A.bout 3 hours later nncl tlien cliniinishes to zero again,
when i t begins to flow in the opposite direction. By considering the
velocities as positive in one direction and negative in tslie opposite
direction, s u d i a current may be espressed by a single 1ia.mn.onic
series, such as
T'=Acos (at+a)+B cos (bt+O)+Ccos (ct+y)+etc. (450)
in which TT=vdocity of the current, in the positive direction a t kny
time t.
A, B, C,etc. =maximum velocities of currciit constituents.
a, b, e, etc.=speeds of constituents.
a, B, y , etc. =initial pha.ses of constituents.
331. In tlie rotaiy type tsheclirection of tlie current chsnges,through
all poiiits of the coniptiss, and the velocity, nlt!hhough varying in
strength, seldom becomes zero. In the analysis of this tsypeof cur-
rent it is necessary to resolve the ohsellred velocities iii two directions
at riglit angles to each other. For convenience tlie north niicl east
dir~c.tionsa.re selected for this purpose, velocities toward tlie south
m d west being consiclered as nega-tivesof these. For the hsrnioiiic
H M M 6 ~ 1 CANALSSIS AND PREDICTMX O F TIDES 119
representation of such currents it is, therefore, necessary to have two
series-one for the north and the other for tlie east component.
332. For the annlysis of either type of current the original hourly
velocities or the resolved hourly velocities arc tabulated in the same
form used for the hourly heights of the tide. To avoid the incon-
vcnience.of negative renclings in this tabulation, a constant, such aa
3 knots, is added to all velocities. These hourly velocities are then
summed with the same stencils that are used for the tides, and the
hourly mean velocities are analyzed in the same nzanner as the hourly
heights of tlie tide. The same forms are used for tlie currents, with
the necessary modifications in the headings. The rotary currents
will be represented by a double set of constants, one for the north
components and the other for tlie east components.
333. For a 29-day series of observations, it is recommended that
the n.na.lysis be made for the M series, the S series, and for Ng, IC,,
and 0,.For longcr series additional constituents may hc included.
In the analysis of current velocities, the harmonics of the higher
degrees such as M4 and M, may be espectecl to be of relatively greater
magnitude than they are in the ticles. From theoretical consiclera-
tions it may dso he shown tha.t the maanitude of the diurnal constit-
uents as compared with the seniidiurnaf constituents in a simple tidal
oscillation is only a.bout one-half os great in the current 8.s in the tide.
However, because of the complesity of the tida.1 and current move-
ment, the actud relation between tlie various constituents as deter-
minecl by the analysis is subject to wide variations. The constituent .
SI,which is usually negligible in the tides, msy be found to be of ap-
preciable magnitude in offshore currents because of the effect of daily
periodic land and sea breezes. However, as this constituent has a
speed very nen.rIy the same BS that of K, it can be separated from tho
latter only by a long series of observations, preferably a year or more.
334. Form 733 (fig.20) provides for the determinrttion of hamionic
constants from a. seriesof current observations by coniparison with
correspondiug constants from a tidal series covering the same period
of toime. This comparison is to be used if the series of observations is
less than 29 clays and may be used for longer series if desired. . For
the purpose of this comparison the hourly redicted heights at the tide
7
station are usually to be preferred to actua observations since nieteor-
ologicd irregularities appearing in observed tides do not necessarily
appear in a similar ma,nner in the observed currents. I n this work
both currents and tides for the simultaneous period are to be summed
for constituents M,S, N, K, and 0; and the analysis is then carried
through form 194 (Tides: Hn.rnionic Ana.1ysis) to ohta.in the values
of R n.nd 5 for each constituent. Tlie harmonics M4, M6,and MB
are to be obt,ained for b11.e current series, but may be omitted in tho
tidal series.
335. Enter in Form 723 tlie accepted H and K of the principal tidal
constituents for the reference station and also the vdues of R and l
obtained from the ana.lyses of the simultaneous series of tides and
currents. The necessary ca.lculatioss in t,he f orni are self-esplana-
tory. The c0rrec.te.d vdocity amplitude of each. current constituent .
is obtained by a ratio on the a.ssumption.that for each constituent the
relation of the corrected nniplitude to the uncorrectcd amplitude is .
the snme for both tide and cuiwnt. The ratio clerived for the. con-
YDIm 728 h3
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
COAST AND CWDFllC SUDYFI 0
R & M m lffl CURRENTS : HARMONIC COMPARISON
(1) (9) (8) .(41 (6) (6) (7) hl) (0) (10) (11)
From Simultaneous Frum Simullsncoiis .
$:?Ed .
Comlwricrrt Acrcplcd
11 a l (BJ
ObaervaCions nntio
(1) +,(a
Corrcr:tt.d Acecphd.
nt (B)
' Obsbrvatiuiis 'DiRcrcacc [L(B)-L(A) p
(6) - (7) =I 0.02 lP(8)t(0)+(,0) 8
------------ pnl
It' at (BJ
Fn(
R' at (A)
hhf, K"" orrrrrr
S' at (U)
ll,*.,Cl
r' nl (A)
0n.n. mnrr ' DrFnr hnw
P
q?
H
?.I I
.................. .....O ,271.......Q.382 .... ....Om BS.9......... RrZQ9.......Q A PP...... 1121.......1Ql-3..... :..94-4.... .....l&.c ...Q... ..........11QBB....
LQ .
LI , ........ ........ do ........ ........ 1h1.1
..................................................... ...g..I=........................... gRQ% ............................... ........ 19L.L .....5 28~ ............ 1.Q ..... .-.2sse.....
........ ........ do ........ ........ a m
LI 1
......................................................... LO7.&... ....................... Q.oIIJ)Ss ............................................ 231-2.........4
9
. ......... 28Q-5 ....
2 ...........Q-1
hl I ........ ........ do ........ ........ IY5
......................................................... DA42.... .:.................... .................. :... ........................ 6L2..-. .....6 e B............ 0.2 .........133.9 ....
0~999
fr . .
.................. .....a 4... ....... Q.380 .......D a M 2.........Qr221....... Q~191 ......... 118.2. .......UQd...... . ~ S 2 .L -9.0 ......... 110..9....
N,
..................
L,
.....Q rQ ........ 9.385 .
.... ...D.,814.... .....U.181.:. ....9A4.7. .......... S. 1......... 13.2 .........6 ~ *...1.......,9.... .......0.0 ...........SLJ)..,
UJ
d
2
h
.................. .....Q am... ....0-899 .......l-..., .....0.461 .......L 7 6 L . .....92.048........992.6 ....... 3DD.5. .......d.l.LB.... .......O r O.........288,7.... r:
0,
....................... Qr943.......DaBR ......lr0s0......... 91995....O .,758.... .....3Uo.S..:....2846... ....Z W . . . . ......26rL. ....... 0.0 ......... 282.9.. .
HAR3IOBIC. ANALYSIS x%D l'RlSUICTI6g-%F TIDES 121'
atituent M 2is used also f& the higher liarmonics of 'M, this being
considered iiiore reliable than ratios deterniined c1irect.ly from tlie
niwh s n i d e r amplitucles of these harmonics. The corrected epoch.
( K ) for mch current constituent is calculn.ted on the assumption that
tlie difference between the corrected and uncorrected epoch is the same
for .tide and current. For convenience the .zetas (5) rat,her than t h e
knppas from the siniultaneoiis observntions we used in tlie forni and.
a longitucle..coinction, coluinn (lo), is introducecl to allow for this
fact. Di.fferences in coluiiiii (9) .for tbc..liigher..lia.rnionics
, of M2are.
derived from. tlic dift'erence for that constituent because of the uncer-'
tainty in tlie deterniina,tion of epochs of constituents of.very smn.11'
amplitucles.,
336. Short seiies of current obseivntions ire frequently talmi at'
half-hourly intervals. As . indivicld observations are soniewhat
rough, the utilization of .the half-liourly observations will add nia-
terially to tlie ac.c.umc.y of the results obtaincd from nn analysis.
Moreover, tlie closer spacing of the half-hourly values will give a
better development of the higher linnnonics of M which are of greater
relativc importance in the currents than in thc tides. Special stencils
have been prepn.rci1for tlie suniniatioii of tlicse obseivations. Obser-
vations taken on tlie esact hour are tabulated in forni 362 as usual,
while observations on tlie half-hour are offset to the right, on the
intennedinte lines. As tlle seriss of observjifions under consideration
are short, provisions have been nia.cle for obtaining only the diurnal
constituents I<] and O1; tlic semifliurna.1constitucnts &If,Ss,m c l N2;
and the higher lia,nnonics of M.
337. For the diuriid const,ituents, the special steiwils provide for
the sanie distribution, wi tli the inclusion of tlie half-hourly vtdues, as
is obtained witli the stmclard stencils used for the hourly values only.
'Hourly nieans for the constituents are obtained and entcred in forni
194 and all sutbsequent computations are the smie as tliose based
upon the use of the stqnclgrcl stencils.
338. For tlie seinidiurd constitmiits M2, S?, ancl Nf,tlic senii-
diurnal period is divicled into 24 parts. Special stencils for the con-
stituents b12niid Nz provide for the distribution of the observed hdf-
hourly velocities into the 34 groups indica.tcc1 by this division. No
stencil is reyuirccl for the constituentt S?, the neccssary grouping being
.accomplislied by coinhiiiing sunis for afternoon observations with
those for the forenoon observations of c.orresponding hours. Thus,
tallenoon observations will be inclwled with those taken a t midnight,
and tlie observations a t 13330 p. ni. witli tliose talwn a t 0:30. a. ni.
339. The resulting.means. obtniaecl for. t-lie.seniicl.iurnn1-constituents
'by the nietliocl described above are in reality half-hourly nieans, but
in adapting form 194 for the analysis, t-liese nieans niny he entered
in order in tlie spnccs proviclcd for the hourly means. Then, tifter
doubling all subscripts in tlic forni, the neccssnq computations may
be carried out 8 s indicated. Thus, all computations for the senii-
.cliurnsl constituents will be made in the spaces origindly designcd
for the diurnal constituents. Thc computations for n.11 higher liar-
monics of even subscripts inay be carried ,out in tlie sanie form using
tlie spaces originally designed for tslieliannonics witli subscripts one-
.half as great. I n this adaptation of the forin no provision is made for
;the.computation of a haiiiionic of odd.subscl:ipt.wliicli is here of rela-
122 U. Si'WAST AND GWDETIC SURVEY . ..
341. The methods for the prediction .of the. tides may be classified
as. hamionic. and '!ionharmonic.. By the. .hamionic method the ele-
mentaiy constituent tidcs, represented by harmonic constants, are
combined into a composite tide. By the nonhniionic method the
predictions'are made by applying to the times of tlie moon's transits
and 'to tlie mem height .of the tide systems of differences to t.ake.
account of average conditions m d various inequalities due to changes
in the'phase of t.lie nioo!i and in the declinatioIr,and pnrallas of the
moon and' sun. Without tlie use of a predicting machine .the liar:
nionic method would involve too ni.uch la.bor to be of practicad service;
but with Such a machine the harmonic method has nlany advantages
over the'nonlinimionic systems and is now used esclusively by the
Coast' and Geodetic Survey in making preclictions for the standard
ports of this country..
342;' The' licight of tlie tide a t any time may be represented ha.r-
monically by the fonnuli . .
h=.&!o+z f H Cos [at+ (vo'+u).-K] , . (451)
b.\V&h
h=height of tide at itny time t. '
t=O.
K=epoch of constituent &4. . .
NO?Vlet. . .
p = 0 when referring to the long-period cpiistitmi$s.
1 wlim rcferring to t>hediurnnl const,itueii!s.
,
3 when referring to the se1iiidiuriia.1constituents, etc.
t,hen 21 will be the coefficient, of tlie qunnbiby T in the eguilibrium
tirgunieiits. Now, T i s the hour mgle of the 111ean siiii aiicl i d the only
quantity in these a.rgunient,sthat, is a fuiict,ioiiof the lpiigitucle of the
place of ohsekvation or of preclickion. At i1i.y given instant, of time
. t,he difference between the yalues of the.:liom iuigle T a t two stations
mill be eyud to tile cliffcw?ce.in 1,olngitfide of the stations. If, tliere-
fore, the v d u e of the argument8 (Tv,,+i/.) or .any cmst,ituent a t any
given instant has been coniputecl for the 1nericli:ui of Greenwic.li, the
eoi-rectioii to refer this argun:eiit for the s:i.iiie inst?nt *to a. place. in
longitiicle Lo west of Greenwich will be - pL,the 'iiegn!ive syii being
nec,essa.ryas tlie value of T clecreases as the west longitude incresses.
349. The instant of time 'to which eacli uf t1iC ta.hulw va.luc..s of
talieGreenwich (ITo+7i)'s of table 15 refers is the 0 hour of tlie Green-
wich iiiem civil time nt, the' beginning of a cdenclar year. I n talle,
preclictioiis of the tides at any statioii it, is desirable to take as the
initial epoch the. O hour of t,lie stmidarc1 or locd time customarily
used a t that stn.t.ion. If, therefore, the lougitutle of tlie time nierjcl-
i m used is Sowest of Gree:nwich, the initsid epoch of the predictions
will usually be S/15 nie.aa solw hours h t e r than tlie instmt to which
the ta.bular Greenwich (T'70+w)'s are referred
350. In formulas (451)ancl (453')t.lie,symhol CL is the general desig-
iiation of the speed of any coiistit,~ien't.;.t.lintis to say, i t is the hourly
ratc. of cliange,iii tsliearguiiieiit,. . Tlie c]ifferenc,e in tlie argument clue
to a difference of S/l5 hodrs in the i n i t d epoch is talierefored'/15
degrees. The t o t d c.orrec.tion to the tnbular Greenwich (TTO+.il.) of
any yew in orcler t.0 obtain t,lie locd (T70+w) for R place in longit,ucle
Lo west at an initid epoch of O hours of time niericliaii So west, iit the
beginiiing of the same calenclar year is
as. '
. . .
--pL;
15 (453j
The general espression for tlie angles of. (451) m d (453) rnny now
be 'written
aS
at+ (TrO+u)--K=at+Greenwich (I7,+?&) +%-pZ--r . (454)
TIDE-PREDICTING MACHINE
21. I t is about 11 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 6 feet high, and.weighs
a.pprosimate1-j 3,500 pounds. The principal features are: First, the
supporting framework; second, a system of gearing by niemis of which
shafts representing .the different constituents we made to rotate with
angular speeds .iroportiond to.t8heactual speeds' of the constituents;: .
third; a 'systenx of cmnks: rind .sliding frames for pb taining harnionic
niotion ; fourth, summation'chaiiis corinecting the. mdividual constibu-
ent elements, by means of which tlie sums of the harmonic terms of
formulas (45s) and (459) are transmitted to tvherecording devices;.
fifth, a system of dids and pointers for indicating in a convenient man-
ner the hcight of the tide for successive instants of time and also the .
time of the high and,lowwaters; sixth, a. tide curve or graphic represen-
tation of the tide automatically constructed by the machine. T h e
machine is designed to take aceount of tlie 37 constituents .listed in
table 38, including 33 short-period nnd 5 long-period constituents.
357. The heavy cast-iron base of the machinej .which includes the
operator's cl,esk,,ha.sa.n estreme length of:11 feet and is 3 feet wide,
This .forms n very substaiitial foundation for the superstructure, ,
increasing its stability and thereby diniinisliing errors that might
result, from a lack of rigidity in the.fised parts. On the left side 05
tlie desk is located tlie linnd crank for applying the power ( I , fig. 34),
and under tlie desk are the primary g&ms for setting in motion t h e
various parts of tlie mac.liine. The superstructure is in t h e e sectionsi
each consisting of pn.ralle1 litwd-rolled brass plates' held from G to 7
inches ?.part by brass bolts. Between tliese plates are located the
sliaft#sand gears tliat, govern tlie motion of the clifl'erent pwts of tlie
nlacliine.
' 358. The front section, or dig.1 case, rests upon the desk facing tlie
operator and contains the apparatus for incli$abing and registexing
the results obtained by the machine. The.middle section rests up0n.a;
depression in ,the.base and contn.ins tlie mechanism for the harnionk
motions for the principal coiistituents~Mn, $, I<,,01,N2, and M,. . T h e
128 . U. S. OOAW..ARD GBODETIC SURVES.
identicd for all values of t , the iiiotioii proviclecl by the gearing will be
n.pplicn.blc alike to the solution of bot,li fonnulas. The mechanism
for the summation of the ternis of foiinulix (45s)is situnt.ed on the side
of thc machine a t talieleft of the operator, md for convenience tliis
. side of..tlie machine. i s d l g c l the .l!eight side (fig. 21.), and.,t;he~ l e c h -
anisin for the summation of the teiiiis of formula (459) is on the riglit.-
hand side of the inachiiie, which is clesignatecl a.s t.he t.inie si&
(fig. 22).
.. 361. In table 37 are given the details of tlie general gearing from the
hand-operating crank to the main vertical sliaf ts, together with the
details of all the gearing in the front section or dial case. It will l ~ e
noted thatdS-6 (fig. 25) is tlie main vertic.al shaft of tlie dial case nrlcl
is wxinectsed through tlie releasable gears to the hour liaii(1~the
minute .hi.nd, niid the d~xydid, respectively. Tlie rcleasdile gears
perini t the itdjustiiicrnt of these jnilicn.tors to any time clesirecl. ,After
.rtn.original ailj.ustnient-is made so that tlie hour and minute linncl wiI1
hac11r e d 0 a t the snnie instant that, t,lie dayelid indicates the begin-
. nilig of a day, further adjustnimt will, in general, be unnecessai~,as
. $he gearing itself will cnuse the inclicators t.0 niniiitain a consistent
relat.ion tlirougliont the gear, and by use of the hand-operating cniiilc
the. elltire system m:xy be niade to indicate any time: clesirecl. The
period of tlic hour-hancl shaft is 24 dial hours, and tlie hand moves
over a clinl graduated nccorclingly (3,fig. 33). The iiiiiiute-ha.nil
shaft, wit11 n period of 1 d i d hour, moves over a dial graduated into
SO niiiiutes (2, fig. 331.
. . 362. The tlsp did, wliic.liis about 10 inches in climieter, is grailua.t.cc1
into 366 parts to represent, tlie 366 chys in a leap year. Tlie nmim of
the lliontlis .and nunierds to inclic.ate every fifth clay of encli iiioiith are
inscri.becl 011 tlie face of the clid. This dial .is locntecl just b d < of the
. frollt plate or.fn;c.e-of.the niac~liine~,in w1iic.li.tlie.r~.
isan Arc-shaped open-
ing tlirougli which tlie gm.cluatio.nsrepresenting n e d y two liioiitlis
are visible a t aiiy one time (4,fig. 23). Tlie progress of the clays tis the
fiiachilic is operatecl is indicated by the rot:xtioii of this dial past, i ~ i i
index 01 pointer just below the opening. (6: fig. 33). This poiiit.er is
securecl to a short shaft which csrries a t its inner cnd a lever nimi wit.li
a pill reachiag under the 1owe.r edge of t,he clay dial, against which it. is
pressecl by R light spring. A portion of the edge of the din.1 equal to
the angular. distance from Januaiy 1. to Februaiy 2s is of n slightly
1i.rger rilclius, so that t,he pili pressing against it rises and throws the
day pointer to the right one clay when this portion has passed-by. On
Special Publication No. 9F
..... ~. . .
" -. . ..
..< . .* .
. _ i
. . :. ..
,
'I . . ..
.. ..
~
i . .i .
..
i .
". .. . . , ,:.-... *. ,, ,
. . . . . . . .
FIGURE22.-TIDE-PREDICTIPdG MACHIIdE. TIMESIDE.
S~e:ial Publication No. 98
FIGURE
23.-TIDE-PREDICTING MACHIPJE. RECORDING DEVICES.
Special Publication No. 98
363. On tlle saiiie center with the clay pointer there is n sliialler index
(7,.fig. 33) wlijch m:ty be turned either to the right t o w i d n plate in-
scribed Coninion yew, or to the left to L plate inscribed Leap
yeiir.? When this smn.ller.i d e s is turned toward the right, the clay
pointer is free to move in nccorclance with the c.hn.ngein radius of the
edge of the did. If the smaller iiicles is tuwed towi.rcl tlle left., the
clay pointer is loc,kecl .and must .holcl.a %sed position. throughout. the
year. For the ijreiliction of the tides for two or more c.onimoii years
in succession the day dial must, be set, forwa.rc1one chy a t the close of
the .$car in orcler talia,t8 the days of the succ.eecling yew in,i:V be cor- .
rec.t.ly registered. The day dial c ~ ibe i released for setting by the nut
(5,fig. 23) inimecliately above the lwge clictl ring. A slower niove-
inent of the clay clid is provided by a releasable gear on the vertica.1
shn.ft ,993(fig. 25).
364. There are t h e e innin vertical shafts S-13 (fig. 271, S-14
(fig, %), and 8-16 (fig. 251, to which nre coiiiiectecl the gectring for the
indiviclua~lconstiti1ent.s. The period of rotation of each is 12 (lid
hoiirs, :iml all niove clocliwise when viewed from h o v e the machine. .
The connections,.between tllese inaiii slmf ts and. thc individual. con-
stitueiit, crankshifts are, in genernl, iiiacle .by two pnirs of.Ijevelge?~~
and a.n intermediate liorizontd slinf t, except that for the slow iiioving .
coiistituentt3 Sa., SSR, Mm, k i f , mcl MSf, a worm screw and wlieel and
si pair of spur gears we in each cme substitutecl for a pair of bevel.
gears. I n enc.11 case the gear on the nisin vertical sha.ft is r e h s a b l e
so th:i.t eac.11 crankshaft c m be set independent81g.
365. Main sliaft 19-13 in the middle sec.tjon of the machine drives 9
indivihi.1 c.ranksha.fts represent,ing 15 constituents, 3 of thein bemg
proviclccl with two crankshafts each. These G constituents nse kLj
S?,ICl, N2, M,, and 01,the first three having. the double crankshafts.,
h h i n shnft S-14. a t the front of the renr section of the machine drives
16 crn~nbshdtsrepresenting one constituent each. These n.re Me,
MI<, Sr, MN, I+,Ss, p2, and 3N in the upper range, and MS, NIs, IC?,
2MK, LZ,h13, S M , and PI in t,he lower rcmge. Mnin shnft ~S-16.at
the Bticlr of the rmw section drives 15 cr.akshafts. Tlie constituents
represented .two 00, A?, S,, MI, Jl, Min, and &a, in .the upper raiike;
and ZQ, RZ, TZ,Q1, p l , Mf, M Y f , aiicl Sa in the lower range.
. 366. For each of the five long-period constituents niotioii is com-
niunikihxl ,from the interni~diateshaft by a wormscrew .and wlied
to n, snia.11 shaft on which is riiounterl n sliding spur gear. The latter
engages a spur gew on the c.rankshaft, but iiiay be easily cliscon-.
nected by clrawing out a pin on the tiiiie side of the machine,.thus.
perniitbing the cmnkshnfft t,o be turiiecl freely when setking the
nia.c.hine.
367. Gear spzcds.-Tlie rchtive angu1:i.r nio t>ion.of e2.c.h constituent
c.rii.nlrs11aft must corresponil as nearly ns possible to the theoreticid
speed of the constitucnt represented. Tlie period of rotation of each
of t,he three innin verticnl s h f t s being 18 d i d hours, t>lieangu1a.r
motion of cnch of these shafts is 30 per d i d hour. Tnlde 38 con-
tains the cletails of the gewing from the nin.in vert~icndshafts to the
individual cri~nkshn.fts.,the number of teeth in the different gears ,
.shaft from turning when the nut of the releasable gear is being loosenccl
,or tiglitened.
369. Cwrstitucn,t cmn.ks.-Secured to the ends of thc constituent
.crank shafts,which projects through the brass plates 011 both sides of
the machine, are brass cranks (40, fig. 35) w1iic.h are provided for the
constituent nniplitucles. Tliose on tlie left or height side of the
machine are desigiintecl as the constituenta height criiliks a.nd are
.used for the coefficients of, tlie cosine teiins of fonnuln (P5S), and
.tliosr .on the right or time side of the milchine are designated as the
c6nstitneiit time crnnks nnd'are uscd for the .c,o&icieilts of the sine
terms of forniula (459). The tsinic c.rnnk on enc,li c.oustitueiit crank
shaft. is attached 90' in advrtlice (in the clirec.tion of rotation) of the
height c.raiik on the same shaft. For tlie constitucnts Sa. and Ssa no
time cranks are provided, as tlie coefficients of the sine terms corres-
poiicling to these constituents. are too sninll to be talreii iiito wmunt.
The direction of rotation of ench constituent crhnk shaft with its con-
stituent cranks is clockwise when viewed Iron t,he time side of the
niachine and countercloclake when viewccl froni the hciglit side.
The details of a c.onstituent crmk n.re sliown in figure 31. The
pointer u. is rigidly attached to tlie crank as an i d e s for readiiig its
position on a dial. In ewli c r d there ~ is a longitiitliiid groove b
with flaages in whidi n. crank pin d niny be cla.mped in any desired
position. The cra.nk pin hns a snidl rectangulnr block ns ;I hsse
whicli is designed .to fit tallegroove. in tslie crank, and..through the
center of the crauk pin there is n threncled hole for 'the c1n.m~~ screw.f.
Attached to the under side of the crank-pin block is a small spring
c that presses the block out,ward against tlic fla.ngrs of the groove,
keeping it from slipping out of place when uiiclaniped and itt .the
. 5ame time perniitting it t.0 be inovecl along the groore when setking
the inadiine. The c.ra.nl\:pin may be secqrely fastened in any !e-
sired position by tightening up on the c l ~ i i pscrew! whicli, pressllig
Special PoLlicatim No.98
FIGURE
27.-TIDE-PREDICTING MACHINE.VERTICAL DRIVING SHAFT O F
MIDDLE SECTION.
Special Publication No. $8
FIGURE ~ ~ . - T I D E - P R E D ~ c T ~ N
MACHINE,
G DETAILSO F CONSTITUENT CRANK.
HARMONIC AX+LSSI+' A 3 3 PREDICTIOB OF TIDES . 131
against the small spring. at' the back, forbes the crank-pili block
outward against the flanges of tlie groove wit.11 sufficient, pressure
to prevent any slipping. A niilled liead wrench B is used for tighten-
ing the clamp screw. A siii?ll recta,ngular block t: of harclened steel
is fitted to tlim freely.upon the finely polisli&rld e of the crciik pin.
This..block is clesignecl to fit into and slide along t,lie slot of the con-
stit y cnt f ranie .
370. Posithe and ncgati,iacZiwctio.n..-All the coiistituelit cra.nkshafts
niicl cranks may be grouped into two ranges-tliose above the liiedial
horizontd plane of tlie framework being in tvlieupper range and those
below this planc in tlie lower range. 111 the following discussion
dircc.tion toward this ineclial plane is to be coiisiclerecl 2 % ~negative
'and direction away from the plane as positive; that is to say, for all
constituents in the upper range tlie positive clireckion will be .upward
m-d the negative direction downwnrd, while for the constituents in the
lower range the positive direction will be clownward and the negative
direction upward.
371. C!on.stiduen.t dink.-To indicate the angular positions of the
constitueilt crank, sliflfts,,tlie .pointel:. (c., fig. 31) nioves around a dial
.(.GI, fig. 35) which is gratluated.lin degrees. These clids a.re fastened
to the frame of the machine back of the 'constituent crniiks on both
sides of the machine, those on the time side heing graduatecl clockwise
and those on the lieiglit side c.ouiitercloc.kniise. These clials nncl
'
pointers are so arranged that the angulnr positio!i of a constituent
crank shaft at any time will be the same whether read from the dial
on the height8side or from the dial on the time side of the machine,
.and a t the zero reading for any q-nw,tituent tlie height crank will be
in a positive vertical position and the corresponding time crank in a
horizontal position. At, a reading of 9O0 the height crmk will be
horizontal and the time crank in a. negative vertical position.
372. With the .face of the machine registering the initiic~lepoch, such
ns January 1, 0 hour, of any yew, thc vdue of f then being taken as
zero, ewli constituent crank shaft, ma.y be set, by inems of its relcss-
,?ble gear; so.that the did reacliiigs-will be equal to the a of the coslre:
sponding constituent as represented in formulits (45sj and (459). If
the iiiachine is then put, in operation, tlie did readings mill, for succes-
sive values of t, continuously correspond to the angle (afi-a> of the
formulas, as tlie gearing already clescribed mill provide for the
increment at.
373. C'oirstitwnt slicling jmines.-For each constituent crank there
is a light steel frame (4.9,fig: 2.5) fitted to slide verticiilly in grooves in
a pair of angle ieces nttac.liec1 to tlie side plates of the machine. At
P
talletop of the ranie there is a liorixontal slot in which the crank pin
slides. As the machine is operated the rotation of the crank shafts
with their cranks cause each crank pin to move in the circumference
of a c.ircle, the radius of whidi clepends upon the setting of the pin on
the crank. This motion of the pin, acting in. the horizontal slot of
the sliding .frn.nie,iinpwts a verticd harmonic motion to that frame.
The frame is in its zero position when the center horizontal line of the
slot intersects t8he asis of the crank shxft. Positive niotioii is the
direction away .from the nleclial horizon tal plaile of the madiine m c l
negative motion is toward the mcdial plane. ' The clisplncenient of
each constituent height frame from its zero position will always 'equal
the product of the amplitude sett,ing of t$e crank pin by tlie cosine
132 U.' S. W.4ST AND GEdDE!MC STJRVEP
The modified scales arc grn.clunted0.5 a / m inch to the unit. The use
of tlie inoilified scales on the time side of the iiinchiiie peiiiiits both
tlie height. aiid time c.rn.nkfor any c,onstitue.ntto be. se.t in accord witli
the factor .fH which is coninion to the coefficients of both formulas
(458) and (459). There are also providecl for special use on the time
H A R M O N I C ANALYSIS' A N D PREDIC?"ION O F TIDES 133
sicle of the machine unmodified sccdes grn,duated uniformly to r e d in
a positive direction.
378. Szi:in.nmti.on chcliii.s.-The summations of the several cosine
terms in foiiiiulit (45s) mid of tlie several sine teiiiis in foiiiiula (459)
w e carried on simultn.iieously by two chains, one (97,fig. 25) on tho
height side and the d i e r (as, fig. 30) on the time side of the mac,hine.
The chains n.re of the chronome.tei' fuse typc, of tmiperecl steel, and
have 125 links per foot. Tlie t o t d length of the height chain is 37.6
feet and of talletime chain 30.6 feet. A platinum point, is attachecl
to one of the links of the time chain 3.5 feet from its free end for an
index.
379. Each of these dinins is fastened a t one end neetr the back part
of the machine by et pair of adjusting screws (53, fig. 29, ancl54, fig. 32).
From these itdj ustiiig screws each chain p,ssses alteriintely downward,
uiicler a constituent pulley of the lower range and upward over a coli- .
stituent puillep of the upper range. spmning the space between the
rear and middle section of tlie machine by two idler pulleys and con-
tinuilng until. every constituent ,pulley ,011 eac.11 side of the machine is
inclucled in tshe system. 'Tlie.,ii~ov~ble.i)~ille~s are so arranged that
taliedirection of the chain in passing from one to another is always
vertical and parallel to tlie direction of the motion of tlie sliding frames.
380. Su.mnicc.ti.i.onwheels.-The free or movable end of each of the
chains is attachecl to a tlirendecl grooved w1ie.el (29, SO, fig( 25), 12
inclies in circumf ereiice mcl threaded to hold more than sevbii turns
of the chain, or about 00 inclies in all. These are cctlleil t,lleheight and
time summation wheels. Each is mounted on a sh?ft that, Sclniits a
sniall lateral motion, and by iiieniis of a fisecl tooth attn.clied to tlie
framework of the ma.chine and reacliiiig into the tlireacls of a screw
fnstenecl to the sha.ft tshelatter wlien rotating is forced iiito a screw
niotion with a. pitch equal to Iliat of tlle thread groove of t.lie summa-
ticin wheel; so that the path of the c h i n as it is wound or unwound
from the suninintion wheel remains unchanged.
' 381. .The height :summadi'oii Wlibel '(29,.fig. 35) is located near the
front edge of the niicldle section of the mncliine, where it receives the
height summation chain direct~lyfrom the nearest constituent pul-
ley. The time suninintion pulley (30) is located insicle the dial case
11e.a.r the lower left side, nncl three fisecl pulleys nr&used to cariy the
tinie chain from the end constituent pulley to the summation wheel.
Countrerpoise weights are connected wi tli the shafts containing t,lie
sumination wheels in order to keep tlie summation clila.instaut.
382. When all of t3heslicling frames on either side of the machine
fire: in tlieir zero posit,ions, the correspoiicling summation wheel is
a.pprosimate1y half filled by turns of the summation chain. Any
motion of a sliding frame in x positive clirectioii will tend to unwind
the chain from the wheel, and any motion in t,lie negative direction
will tend to slacken tlie chain so that i t will he wound up by the
counterpoise weight. With se.verad of the sliding frames on eit>lier
side of the iliachine moving simultaneously, the resultant motion,
which is tlie algebraic, suni of all, will be...cornni.unicfl.tedto .t,lie sum-
mation wheel. .The motion. of. .the,.&cling fra1n.e being transmitted
'
fore tlie scale of tlic c1iain motion is 1 ini..li to t-liemit, ani1 one coni:
plete rotation of the sniiiination wheel represents a change of 12 units
of aniplitucle.
383. The zero position of t.he height sumination wheel is indic.atedby
the conjunction of an incles line (50, fig. 35) on the arm attached to
the wheel mid an i d e s line (SI,. fig. 35) on a bracket attached to the
frmieworlc of the mac.liine just below the sunimation wheel, the
wheel itself being approsimatdy one-half filled with the summation
chain. The le.iigth of the. c.hain is adjusted so that the summation
wheel will be in its zero posit,ioii when J 1 the sliding frmies on the.
height side of machine are in their zero .positions. 1:t 'will be noted.
that the conjunckioii of the index lines will not alone deterinine the
zero pc!sit,ion of tlie wheel, since such conjunctions will occur at eac.11
turn of the wheel, while there is only one zero position, which is t,liat
taken when the constituent frames are set at zero.
384: The zero position of the time suninintion wheel is indic.atec1 by
the conjunction o f ' m index point (11, fig. 23) attached to the time
summation chain and a fixed index (12, fig. 23) in the middle of the
horizontal opening near the bottom of the dial case, mid tlie length of
tvhe.time summation chain is so adjusted that this c.onjunctioii will
occur when all sliding franies on t,lie'time side of nischine me' in their
zero positions.
,385. Predicted h.eightsof the tde.-When tlie machine is in operation,
tshes u m of all the cosine ternis of formula (455)inc.luded in the settings
for a station will be trmismittecl through the height suninintion wheel
to the face of the mn.chine itiicl there indicated in two ways-first by
a pointer moving over a circular height scale (S, fig. 23) and second
by the ordinat,es of a tide curve that is autoniatically traced on a
roll of paper (15, fig. 33). The motion of t#heheight summation wheel
is transmitted by a gear ratio of 30: 100 to a horizontal shaft which"
is located just back of t#hedial case. One complete rotation of this
shaft represents 40 units in the height of !lie tide. From this shaft
tlie motion is carried by two separate systems of gearing to the height
pointer on the face of tlie mac.liine and to the pen that traces the
tide curve.
386. Height scdc.-The height pointer is gen.red to make one com-
plete revolution for n change of 40 units in the height of the tide. A
height scale, with its circumfere.nce divicle.d into 40 equal parts and
each of these unit parts subdivided into tenths, prqvides for the direct
registering of the suni of. the c.osine-te.ms. of formulit (458) as coni-
mumicated t,hrough the sumnation wheel. This scale has its zero
gaduakion a t t8hetop mcl is graduated positively to the right and
negatively to the left. The height pointer can easily be adjusted to
.my position by nie.ms of a sniall milled nut (IO, fig. 23) at the end of.
its shaft. If it, should be desired to refer4he predicted heights to mean
sea level, this pointer must be adjusted to read zero a t the smiie time
t,hat the suninintion wheel is in its zero position; but if it is desired
to refer to some other da.tum, the pointer will be adjusted according
t,o the elevation of mean sea level above this datum. For the value
of h, in formula (45s) t,he pointer will be. adjusted to R reading corre-
sponding to the adopted d u e of I$, at the time the summation
wheel is in its zero position, then this vadne of H , will be autoinstically
iiicluded with t>liesuni of the cosine terms of that forniula. As f,he
HARMONIC ANALYSIS' AND PREDICTIOK OF TIDES 135
ma.cliine is operat,ecl the height pointer will indicate the predicted'
height of t,he tdde corresponding to the time shown on the. time dials.
387. In order to iiicrea.sethe working scale of the ina.chine when pre-'
clicting ticles with smaller ranges, two addi t,ional circular lieiglit scales
are proviclecl, one with the circle cliviclecl into 30 units and the other
into 10 units, with the units subdivided into tenths. These scdes,
may be easily removed or replaced on tslie niachine, the scde in use
being sec,urecl in place by a small button at bhe top (9, fig. 23). The
20-unit scale may be conveniently used when the. estrenie range of
the preclictm-1 tide at. any place is between 10 and 20 feet, and the
IO-unit sc:i.le when the estrenie range is less than 10 feet. If t,he 20-
unit, sc.n.le is t.0 be used, t,be value of each coefficient of both the cosine
and tlie sine terms must be doubled before setting tlie component'
c.rmks, and if the 1O-unit sc.de is used these original c.oefficients must
first be multiplied by 4 before setting t,lie values in the machine. If
the estreine tide is less than 4 feet, the 40;unit dial may be readily
used as a 4-unit sc.nle by c.onsidering the original unit gmdutxtions as
tenths of unit8sin the 1a.rgerscale. I n this cn.se tlie coefficients of the
cosine and sine t,crins of the foimulit must be multiplied by 10 before
entering in the niachine. The factor used for multiplying the c o d -
c.ieiits to aclnpt them to the different height scdes is called the work+.
ing scale of t,he machine. Working scales of 1,.3,4: mid 10 are iiow
in geiieral use to take account of the different ranges of tide a t the
places for which predictions are made.
388. Predicted t h e s O Jthe ~l:!la.-SimultRneouvly with the summation
of the cosine terms of fornlulcx (45s) on the height, side of the machiue,
the sunimnt.ion of t.he sine terms of formula. (460), which was derived
from formula (459), is being effected on the time side. Being con-
cernecl only with the tinie a t whic.li the sum of the sine ternis is zero,
no provision is made for registering the suni escept a t this time,
which is iiidicatecl on t.he machine by the conjuiictioii of the i d e s
point on tlie time chain and t,he fisecl platinum incles in the dial case.
New the tirnc of ti high water tlie i d e s on t,he c h i l i moves from right;
to left mid nenr the time of a low \\rater from left to right. The coli-
junction of the inovable and fisecl iiicles is visible to the operator of
the mac.hine. m d he miy note the corresponding d i d readings for tlie
time nncl height of t.lie high or low water.
389. du.2omatic stoppin,g c%rodce.-This device provides for auto-
instically stopping the niaclCne at each high and low water. Secured
to the lia,iicl-crmk shaft is a ratchet wheel a.acl just above tlie ratchet
wheel is a sted pawl (65, fig. 24) operated by an electronmgnrt (96)
mounbeil under t,he clesk top. The electmriccircuit, for the electromag-
net is closccl by a. contact spring thnb rests upon a lirtrd-rubber c.yliiicler
(31,fig. 35) on the rear end of tlie shaft on which the time summation
wheel is nioiui tecl. A snitdl platinum plug in this rubber cylbider
conies in contact. with the spring, which is fitted with a fine motion:
ncljustment,. when the time summation c.ha.in registers zero. This.
c.loses tho circait and clraws the pmvl against the ratchet wheel,
bhercby autoniaticn~ly stopping the macline. The lateral screw
motion of tlie shaft on which the .rubber cylinder is niouiitecl prevents
t,he pla,tinuni plug from coming in contact with tlie spring on
revolution other than t.he one which brings the time chain to its zero
position. The- c.irc,uit is led through an insulated r hg on the h u b
of the hand crnnk where a contact is kept closed by a spring. After
the operittor has. noted the tinie and height rea~:lingaof the high or
low water he may easily l?renl\-t,he circuit a.t the cranlr liub by a slight
inward pressure against the c.rank hnnclle, thus rclensing the m i i t i -
t.ure sncl pawl .and permitting. t,li.e.machine ..to..be ttirnecl ,fortvn.ril to
.. the nest.stop. By nieitiis of a smdl switdi (23, fig.'%) just brlow the
crank the circuit niay be hclcl open to prevent the n.utonicat4ic.device
from operating wlieii so desired.
390. N o ? 1 : ~ .rm/chd.--ZTpo1i
~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~the~ cr:l.~il<
~ ~ s1in.ft, c.losi..to the I>ea.i-
ing in the desk frame! there is n small ratchet wheel and above this
tliere is a pawl (24,fig. 34) t1in.tis lifted m a y from tlic wheel by frict,ion
springs when tlie machine is being tariicd forwnrcl but mliicli IS
instantly tlnown. into engageiiicnt when the crc~nkis acciden tally
t.urned 1jn.cliwa.rcl. By pushing in one of the small lmttons (22,fig. 24)
just above the cranli the pawl is locliecl so that it c.nnnot- cngage t,he
ratchet, thus perinitking the machine to be turned bi~ck~varcl when
' desired. Pressure on .another butt-on.releases ..the..pawl.
. . . .' 39 1. Tide c i i , ~ w . - .The tide c.urve.which. grn.pliion.1ly represents the
rise and fall of the predicted tide is :ii.itoniiitaic.dlykacecl On n roll of
paper by the niac.liine nt the smie t h e that, tlis results are being
indicated on the diids. The c m w is the resultniit of a horizon h l
movement of tlie paper? corresponding to t,he pn.ssiiig of tinic, wiicl a
verticd niovenient8of a fountain pen (13,fig. 33), corresponding to t,he
rise and f d l of tlie tide. Tlie paper is 6 inches wide with about 380
feet, to the roll, which is sufficient to include a little iiiore t.1i.m n full
year of record of the. predic.ted tides n.t a station. The paper slioulcl
be about 0.0034 inch tliick in order that t.he coliipleCc roll ma.y bc of
R suitable sim for us&in the nin.c.hinc.
. 392. Within thc clid cnsc, near the upper right-hand coiner, is L
inmdrel (33, fig..25.)!~jdkliC A I ~he.quidily removed and rcplacd. I t
is clesignecl to hold the blank roll of paper,. the latter being wouncl-upon
L wo0cl;e.n c9r.e especidlij cle.signed Lo fit on. the mnncll:el-. At the
boX.ton1.of the. nmnchel is. i ~ nnc1j:ustable friction ilcvice to provide
. tension on the .pq)er. . .From the blnnlc roll tlie paper is led: o v ~ mi r
idler-roller-.(34, fig. %), mounted in the front plate o the dial ciase,
t.1ie.n across the face of. the nia.cliine for a clistnnce of about 13 inches
to a.feecl roller (35,fig. 251, then over the feecl roller to tbe recciving
roller (36, fig. 35), upon which i t is wouncl.
393. Tlie feed roller governs the motion of the paper across the fn.ce
of tlie machine and is provided near en.ch end with 13 fine needle point.s
to prevent the paper honi slipping. The feed roller is c.ontrollecl
by the main vertical shaft of tlie d i d case. through getwing of such
ratio that the feed roller will turn at, the sanie rate as the . inn.in
vertical s1in.ft; tlint is to say, one complete turn of the feed roller
will represent 13 clid hours in time. The feed roller being 6 inches
in circmiiference the piper will be moved forwmd net tlm rntc of
: one-half inch .:to t,he d i d hour. A ratchet and pawl (37, fig. 25) me.
. so ,,pla.cedas to lenvq tlie',l?aper a t rest wli.ei~the niac.liine is.tm'necl.
baclward. If desired, 'the paper f e d .can be tlirown out of .action
altogetlicr by turning a snidl iiiillecl head on the ra.tc1iet gear.
394. TCJprovide for t,lie winding up of tdliepaper 6n the receiving
roller there is a. sprocket wheel (38, fig. 35) lielcl by ncljiist,zble frickion
to the upper .elid of the feed roller. Fittecl to t,he top of the receiving
roller is a siiidler sprocket which is driven by a c.linin -from the feecl-
. roller sprocket. The rntio of the sprockets is such as to force the
HARMONIC ANALSSISI AND PRED'ICYMON OF TIDES 137
receiving roller to wind up all the paper cleliverecl by the feed roller,.
the beiisioii on the pape.r being kept uiiiforiii bv t>liefriction device.
To remove a completed roll of Fecord the sniafler sprocket is lifted
from the receiving roller and a pin (39, fig. 2.5) a t the back of the dial
case is clrawn out, releasing the upper bearing. braFlcet. The bracket
cnii then be raised and the receiviiig roller wlth its rec.ord removed.
A similar br:d<et secmecl by n pin is provided for the reinoval of the
nianilrel 011 wliich t.he blank roll of paper is pln.cec1.
395. itJmt*igmm.gems.--The pen t,liat traces the tide curve ismounted
in a cwriage which is arr:tllgecl to. slide vertdc.:dly on a paif of guiclin
rods .and is coiitsolled from a horizontal shaft a t the back -of thedi
c.nse. On this shaft there is inount~ecla set of three sl.iding change
9
gems (18, fig. 26) , 'w.liich are desigiiecl to mesh, respecti.vely, with
three fixed gems iilouiitd 611 n s1in;f-t just :&ow. .By sliding t h e
chimge gews in d i f l ~ ~ e ipositioiis
it any one of them ipay be brouglit
into niesli with its' correspi;iidiiig fised gen.r. These: gears provide
for ratios of 1: 1, 2 :'1; and 3 :3, according to whether the iniieimiost,
the middle, or the outer gears are in mesh. At the outer end of the
shn.ft contaioing the fixed gems is B threacl-grooved wheel 4 iiiches
in circumference (19,fi . 3G), to which is attached one em1 of the
a
pen-carriage c h i n ($0, g. 26j. Tlie chain is pa.rtly wouncl upon the
wheel a n d froiii it passes through the dial case to tlie front of the
machine, then upward over .z pulley near tlie top to B coiinterpoise
weight within the din1 case. Tlie pen carriage is secured to tliis chain
by iiieaiis of a clnnip ttntl can be adjusted tromy ilesirecl position.
396. Scale o j tide c.uroe.-VVitli n working scale of uiiitay,the rotation
of the height suiiiniation whccl, as transmitted through marigraiii
gear. ratio of 1:1. to. t,lie cuke-line pcn, will.iiiove the 1gtter.verticdly
0.1 inch for each uiiit change in the sum of talie.li'nimbnic ternis and
t.liis niny be taken as t,he basic or natural scale of the graphic record.
This scale may be enlargecl by the factor 3/2 or 2 tSliroughthe use of
one of the ot,lier gear ratios slid may he further modified to any
clesiracl extent by the hitrocluction of an arbitrary working scale
factor. Letting c7 equal the marigrani gert.r ratio (1, ,312, .or 2) and
5' equd the working scale factor applied to tlie amplitude settings,
the vertical .scale of tlie grsphic record nia.y be espressecl .as follows:
1kith of -gra.ph:represeats 1.O/.cf;S-uiii.ts.of suniiast.tion . (46.1)
1 suiilmation uliit is represented by GS/lO .inch& in gntph (4G2)
The scale ratio of the graph will differ with different units used in
the predic t,ions. Thus
Graph scale (a.mplitude settings in feet) =GS/130 (463)
Critph scde (amplitucle settings in meters) =G5'/393.7 (464)
G.rapli scale (amplitude settings in decimeters) =cfS/39.37 (465)
397. I n selec.ting the msrigrmi gear ratio and scale factor for. t-he
predictions 3t any staticln, it! is t.hu ge~it!rttla.im to secure as large. a
sc.:tle n.spossible wliilc keeping tlie gra.ph within the limits of the paper.
Soiiie cons~icleraticmmilst. be given dso to the limits of the height
cliaa scde niid in soiiie inst,znces t.6 the. niec.li.anicn.1liniits of the indi-
viduitl n.niplitude settings. The nia,rigrmi gear ratio aff e& tlie
graph oiily but the scale. fnc.tor nPiecti also the :Liiiplitucle settings and
the height d i d readings. The extreme aniplitucle of the graphis.
13s .U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC S'URVEP
stants for use in the prediction of the-tides and also for certain per-
manent preliminary corn utations to adapt the constants for use
R
with the U. S. Coast an' Geodetic Survey tide-predicting machine
No. 2. The form is used in a loose-leaf binder.
422. The constituents are listed in an order that conforms to the ar-
rangement of the corresponding constituent shafts and cranks on the
predicting machine. The accepted amplitudes and epochs are to be
g i v a in the columns provided for the purpose. At the bottom of the
page a space is provided for indicating the source from which the con-
stants were derived.
423. The column of Reniarks provides for miscellaneous informa-
tion pertaining to the predictions. This includes the kind of time in
which the predictions are to be given, the approximate estreme
range of tide :at .the.place. for d e t e r m ~ g g.:the proper. scaae .to .be
used,, .the height .dial, . t ~ . e . , . m ~ ~ ~ . ~ , ~ ~ emaSigrm!,
. a r , . . t ?scale,
l e : ,and
the datum to which' the predicted heights .are to be referred:
424.' The eytreme range may be estimated from the predictions for
a preceding year or may be taken approxiniately as twice the sum of
the' amplitudes of the harmonic constants;:. The height dial, mari-
gram gear, and marigram scale which are' reco,nmended for use with
d8erent extreme ranges are given in the table on pa.ge 138:
x
425. The principal hydrogra llic datums in general use are as fol-
lows: Mean low water for the tlantic and Gulf coasts of the United
States and.Puerto Rico. Mean lower low water for the Pacific coast
of the .United States, C.mada,..and .Alaska, and .the Hawaiian and '
15 (466)
i.n yl!i& .
IC'
-K=adapted epoch- true epoch.
p =subscript of constituent, which indicates number of periods
in one constituent day. For the long-pefiod constituents
Mm, Ssa, Sa, MSf, and Mf, p should be taken as zero.
L=longitude of station in degrees;+if west,-if east.
a=speed of constituent in degrees per solar hours.
#=longitude of time mericliaii in degrees;+if west,-if east.
a.S
The values of the products 15 for the principal tinie nieridians may
'
be talien.froni table 35. For any tinie. meridian not given in the
table the products may be obtained by direct multiplication, taking
the values for the constituent speeds (a) from tdble 8.
627. Column B is designed for the reduction of the amplitudes to
the wodiing scale of the machine. The scale is unity when the 40-
HARlVrONIC ANALYSIS' AND PREDImON OF C E S 145
foot height dial is used, 2 for the.20-foot height dial, 4 for the 10-oot
height did, and 10 for n 4-foot height dial. The working scale
sho~lcl.be entered at the head of the-column and used as a factor
with the nmplitudes in order to obtain the values for this column.
428. Colunins C, and,D are.desi&necl-to. contain the.ad@ted .epochs
in positive and negative forms which may be used additively,with the
Greenwich (V0+'z~)'s.It will be found most convenient to compute
colunui D first, by applying the difference in column A to the K in
the preceding column and entering the result with the negative sign.
If the direct application of the dzerence should give a negative
result, this must be subtra.cted from 360' before entering in column D.
. . . . .
..................................................
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.......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
.................... :..............................
.....................................................
.................................................
..................... .................................
i
~ . ..--~%
C~IPIIt ~ D. .......r Qh..ze*....?2s........ .Vull*d .....E.rl~ n. ...... ah..89, ..1821.....
by .
Rcdlocd b ......................................................................................................................................
D a b ...................................... _.....................................
. 146 . U. S. COkW AND GEODETIC SIJXVEY
436. The operation of the machine for t.he prediction of the cur-
rents is similar to that for the prediction of the tides. The machine
automatically stops at each maximum flood and ebb velocit,y and the
.corresponding times and velocities are then recorded, the flood veloci-
.ties being.read to the right ind .the ebb velocities to the left of the
scale zero. I n the prediction of the currents the times of slack water
nre also desired. These are indicated by the zero position of the
recording hand as well as by the intersections of the curve and medial
line in the graphic record. The velocity of the current at any inter-
mediate time can beread directlyfrom the height dial when the
machine has been turned to the time desired and it may be also scaled
from the graphic record.
437. .Predictions of hydraulic currents in a strait, based upon the
difference in the tidal head at the two entrances, may be made by .
means of harnionic constants derived from the tidal constants for
khe entrances. Differences in tidal range or in the times of the high
and low waters at the two ends of a strait will cause the water surface
at one end alternately to rise above and fall-below.that at tlie.other
,end, thus creating a periodic reversing currentin the strait. Theo-
= H ~ C O(T-Gd)
S . (469)
HARMONIU ANALYSIS AND F%EMCTION OF 'TIDES. 149
I
270'
F I O ~ I R34.R .
C to E will represent by its length the amplitude Hd mid by its direc:
tion the epoch Gd.
440. Formulas (470) and (471) may be iiiodified to aclapt them for
use with tables 41 and 42. .
From (470) we may obtain
or
Forniulas (472) and (474) are to be used &hen the ratio Hb/H,,does not
exceed unity. In .this case-.talce:argument.r.of..the,tables=H@?,,, and
argument z=(Gb-Gaf18O0). If the ratio exceeds unity use
formulas (473) and (475) and take argument r=Ha/Hb and argument
~=((?~-Gb&180'j. The tabular values will give the ratios and.
angular differences represented in the first terms of the formulas.
Therefore, in order to obtain' the amplitude Hd, the tabular value
.from table 41 must be multiplied b Ha if the ratio Hb/Hadoes not
B B
exceed unit ,or by H b if this ratio oes exceed unity. Also to obtain
the epoch d , the tabular value from table 42 must be increased by G,,
if the ratio does not exceed unity or by (Gbf 180') if the ratio is greater
than unity.
441. By the formulas given above separate computations 'are made
for each of the tidal constituents. The values obtained for Hd and Gd
,
EXPLANATION OF TABLES
:. Table 1. %undumental astronomical data.-This table incluijes
fundasnental constants nnd formulas with references which form the
basis for the computation of other tables contained in this volume.
Because of the smallness of the solar and lunar parallax no distinction
<s made between the parallax and its sine. The eccentricity.of the
earth's orbit and the obliquity of the ecliptic are given for epocli
Januaiy 1, 1900. The former changes about 0.000042 per centuiy
and the latter about 0.013 of a degree in a century. The values given
may' therefore be considered as applicable to the present century.
The forinulas for lon itude of both sun and moon are the same as
used in the previous efition of this book and are from-the work of
Sinion Newcomb. .In a later work by 'Eiwiiest.W. .-Brown,:.slightly
iliffereiit values are obtained for the elements of the moon's orbit but
the differefices may be considered negligible in so far as the tidal work
of the present century is concerned. I n these formulas it will be noted
that T is the number of Julian centuries reckoned from Greenwich
lilean noon on December 31, 1899,.of the Gr orian calendar which
, 3
corresponds to D e c e b e r 19, 18.99, b the J ian calenclar. I n the
application of these formulas to early (9ates special care must be taken
to.m&e suitable allowances for the particular calendar in use a t tlxe
time. See page 4 for hiforination in regard to'calendms.
Table 1 includes the numerical values of the mean longitude of the
solar micl 1unar"elemeuts for the beginihg of the century years
1600 to 2000 and also the rate of change in these longitudes as of
Januiiy 1, 1900. As the variations in these rates are very small,
they are applicable without material error for dl modern times.
.This table includes also the principal astronomical periods depending
on the solar and lunar elements with fonnulllas showing how they are
derived. In these formulas the 1ongitude.symbol is used to represent
its own rate of change according to the unit in whicli.the period is
expressed.
Table 2. Harmonic!constibueds.-This table includes the arguments,
speeds, and coefficients of the constituent harmonic teims obtained
in the develapment.of the tide-producing forces of the moon and sun.
They are grouped Vciith' reference to the formulas of. the t.ext from
which t.hey are.derived, the loxperiod constituents first, .followed
by the .diurnal, seiiidiurixal,. &dd tercliurnal terms. The reference
numbers in the first column correspond to the numbered terms of the
fomulas of the text, the letter A indicating a term hi the lunar
development and the letter B a term in the solar development. In
the second column the usual symbols are given for the principal
constituents, parentheses being used when the .term only partially
re resents the constituent.
'. %or an esplanation of the constituent argument (E) see page 22.
V which contains the
'
ni&iuni+l when Y = O .
ni&umT0.4 whenY= &goo.
maxhum-0/2754 when I-=A58.91'.
. . .
maxhiumf0.3849 when Y= f35.26'.
nimmmun+ 1 when Y=O.
maxinium ?0.2667 when Y= f90'.
maXim~m-0.2095 when Y=f61.87'.
m a x h ~ ~ n - 0 . 8when Y= &goo.
Table 4. Mean longitude of lunar and solar elements.-This table
. contains the mean longitude of the moon (s), of the lunar perigee (p),
of the sun. (6)i .of .;the solar ;perigee ..(p.J,and of the moonls ascending
node ( N ) ,far J18nutix-y 1 , 0 boyr,.Greenwich m e w civy tiaie, for each
year from 1800 to 2000, the dates refeh-hig to'tlie'Gregorian calendar.
These values are readily derived from.table 1, the rate of change in
the mean longitlide of the elements for the epoch January 1, 1900,
z
. being applicable without material error to an time-within the two
centuries 1800 to 2000 covered b table 4. T e same rate of change
B
may also be used, without h t r o ucing any errors of practical impor-
tance, to extend table 4 to dates beyond these limits. I n extending
the table, care should be taken to distin uish between the common
f
and leap years, and for the earlier dates ue consideration should be
given to the kind ,of calendar in use. (See p. 4 for discussion of
calendars.) It will be noted that each Julian century contains 36,525
days, while the common Gregorian century contains only 36,524 days,
with an additional day every fourth century. .
Table 5. Difler6nces to adapt table 4 , t o any month; day, and hour.-
These difFerenees are derived from the daily and hourly rate of change
of the elements as given in table 1, multiples of 360'. being rejected
when they occur. The table is prepared especially for common years,
. but is applicable to leap ears by increasing the given date by one
i
day if it is .between Marc 1 and December 31, inclusive. The cor-
rection for the hour of the day refers to the Greenwich hour, and if:
the hour for'which the elements are desked is expressed in another
kind of time the equivalent Greenwich hour must be used for the
table. . . .
Table 6. Valzles of .I,v, 4, v'; and Wv" for each degiee qf N.-Refenkg
to figure 1 (page 6), note t h a t by constrdctiop arc bb T' equals arc
A T . Then in the spherical tiiangle A T A ,the three sides are R;,V ,
'
I . ,
For the computation of v' and 2v", fol-mdas 7(224) and (232) on
pages 45-46 may be used. The tabular values themselves were taken
from the preceding edition of this work.where theyywerebased upon
formulas differing slightly from.those given here but. any differences
arising from the use of the latter may be consiclerecl as negligible. . '
in this table are bnsed up.on forniula (213) ,on ptge 44.
' Table 8. Vcllues.of R for argument of. cogstituent La.-Valaes in
this table are derived from formula (214) on page 44.
Table 9. T7due.s of log Qa for anp?i.tude of constituent M1.-Values in
t,his table are based upon formula (197) on page 41.
TabIe 10. Tral.u.es qf Q .for argu.ment of constit~entMI.-Values in
this table are derived from forniula (203) on page 42.
. Table 11. Vakles qf u .for equ.ilib;rium a.rguments.-This table is
based upon the u-formulas in table 2 arid includes values for the
principal lunar constituents for each degree of N. The u's of La and
.MI, which are functions of both N and P are given separately in
table 13 for the years 1900.to '2000.
. Table 12. Log factor F for each degree of I.-The factor F is the
reciprocal of the node factor-f to which references are iven in table 2.
The values in table 12 are based upon the formulas or these factorsP
and are given for all the lunar constituents used in the tide-predict.ihg
machine, excepting values for L2and M, which are given separately
in table 13.
Table 13. Values sf u and log F .for L2 and M1.-From a corn-
parison of the u's of constituents L?, M,, and Mz in table 2, it will be
noted that the following relations exist:
u Of L2='('f6 Of M,)-R
u of M1=4(?6 Of M,)+Q
Also,. the ,follo~vingrelations may be derived from foirnula (215) on
page 44 and foi;iiiula'"(20i') 'on page 43 since the factor F is the recip-
rocal of the node factor f:
The vdues for table 13 were computed by the above formulas, the
component parts being taken from tables 7 to 12, inclusive. The
values for log F(MJ in this table are in accord with Darwin's original
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND PRZDICTION OF TIDES 157
formula from which a factor of approximately 1.5 was inadvertently
omitted (see age 43).
. Table 14. %ode.factor f for middle of each year.1850 to 1889.-The
factor f is the reci rocal of factor F. The values for the ears 1850 to
s1
1950 were taken Brectly from the Manual of Tides, by . A. Harris,
and the values for 1951 to 1999 were derived from tables 12 and 13.
Table 15. Equilibrium argument (V,+u) for beginning of each year
1860 to 2000.-The equilibrium argument is discussed on page 22.
The tabular values are computed by the formulas or the argument
in table 2, the V, referring to the value of V on January 1, 0 hour
Greenwich mean civil time, for each year, and the u referring to the
middle of the same calendar year; that is, Greenwich noon on July
2- in conunon years and the preceding midnight in lekp years. The
value of the T of the formulas is 180' for each midn' ht, and the
values of the other elements for the V may be obtainez from .table
4. The u of the ar ument may be obtained from tables 11 and 13
after the value of #has been determined for the middle of each year
from tables 4 and 5. In constructing table 15 the values for the
years 1850 to 1950 were taken directly from the Manual of Tides, by
R. A. Harris, and the values for the years 1951 to 2000 were computed
as indicated above.
Tables 16, 17, and 18.-These tables give the differences to adapt
table 15 to any month, day, and hour, and are computed from the
hourly speeds of the c0nstituent.s as given in table 2. The difl'er-
ences refer to the uniformly varying portion V of the argument, it
being assumed that for practical purposes the portion u is constant .
for the entire year.
. I
Table 27. Critical logarithms for Form 245.-This table was de-
signed for uickly obtaining the natural numbers to three decimal
P
places for co umn (3) of Form 245 from the logarithms of column (2).
The logarithms are given for every change of 0.001 in the natural
number. Each logarithm given in this table is derived from the
natural number that is 0.0005 less than the tabular number to which
it applies. Intermediate logarithms, therefore, apply to the same '
natural number as the preceding tabular logarithm. For example,
logarithms less than 6.6990 apply to the natural number 0.000 and
logarithmsfrom 6.6990 to 7.1760 apply to thenaturalnumber0.001, etc.
Table 28. Constitumt speed d$et.ences.-.The constituent speeds as
given in table 2 were used in the computation of this table.
Table 29. Elimination fators.-These' tables provide for certain
constant factors in formulas (389) and (390). Separate tables for
each length of series and different values for each term of the formulas
are required. The tabular values are manged in groups of three,
determmed as follows:
180 sin 6 (b-U)T
First value=logarithm of - qr +(b-a)T-' .
+
Third value=+(b-a)i; if sin Hb-a)T is positive,
(b-4 7
In the results it will be noted that the constituent hours 9 and 14 are
each represented by two solar hours. If it should be desired to limit
the representation to a single solar hour each, the hours marked
with theasterisk should be rejected.
To h d constituent 00 hours corresponding to solar hours 0 to 18
on the 22d day of series. The 0 hour of the 22d day is in the
beginning on solar hour 14 of the preceding day with the ta ular
difference of +14 or -10 hours, and changes of +1 hour in the
7Yp
differences occur on solar hours 3 and 17 of the 22d day. It will be
noted that the hour 3 is marked by an asterisk. Applying the
differences from the table as indicated, we have for the 22d day
of series:
Solar hours.. . 0, 1 2, 3. 4; 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, lo, 11 12. 13, 14, 15, 16*, 17, 18
Difterences .+14, +14: +14, +I< +I%+IS, +I%+I% +IS -9, -9, -9: -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -a -8
Constituent
00 hours.. 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 31, 22, 4, 0, 1, .% 3, 4 5, 6, 7, 9, 10
In the results it will be noted that constituent hours 17 and 8 are
missing. If it is desired to have each of these hours represented also,
the solar hours marked by asterisks will be used again.. In this table
the constituents,have been arranged in accordance with the length of
the constituent day.
Table 32. Divisors for primary stencil sums.-This table contains
the number of solar hourly heights included in each constituent hour
group for each of the standard length of series when all the hourly
heights have been used in the summation.
Table 33. For construction of secondary stencils.-Constituent A is
the constituent for which the original primary summations have been
made, and constituent B is the constituent for which the sums are to
be derived by the secondary stencils. The Page refers to the page
of the original tabulations of the hourly heights in Form 362. The
differences in this table were calculated by formula (252), and t.he
corresponding Constituent A hours from formula (250), m being
assigned successive values from 1 to 24 for each page of record.
Special allowance was made for page 53 of-the record to take account
of the fact that in a 369-day series this page includes only 5 days of
record. The s i r of the difference is given at the top of the column.
For B-P and -T the positive sign is to be used for constituents
K and R and the negative sign for constituents P and T.
For brevity a l l the 24 constit.uent hours for every page of record
are not direct1 represented in the table. The difference for the
9
omitted hours or any page should be taken numerically one greater
160 U. S. OOAHC AND CfEODEaC STJRVEY'
than the Werence for the given hours on that page. For an example,
take the hours for page 2 for constituent 00 as derived, from con-
stituent J. According to the table the dBerence for the const.ituent
hours 10 to 3, inclusive, is 9 hours; therefore the difference for the
omitted hours 4 to 9, inclusive, should be ta.lcesl as 10 hours. For
constituent 2Q as derived from constituent 0 the three differences
usually required for each page are given in full.
The use of the table may be illustrated from the example above, as
follows:
Page 2-
-- -_
00-hours_ _ _ _ _ - - 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 19, 20
J-hours_ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _12,
- - 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
Difference_ _ _ _ _ _+9,- - 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9
-- -
OO-hours_--__--21, 22, 23, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
The period 24 hours should be added or subtracted when necessary
in order that the resulting constituent hours may be between 0 and 23.
Table 34. For summation of long-period consf~fuenis.-This table
is designed to show the assignment of the daily page sums of the
hourly heights to the constituent divisions to which the most nearly
correspond. The table is based upon formula (395). T<e constituent
division to which each day of series is assigned is given in the left-hand
column. For Mf, MSf, and Mm there will frequently occur two
consecutive days which are to be assigned to the same constituent
division. In such cases the da which most nearly corresponds to the
f
constituent division is the on y one given in the table, and t h i s is
marked by an asterisk (*). The missing day, whether i t precedes or
follows the one marked by the asterisk, is t.0 be assigned to the same
constituent division. For Sa a number of consecutive days of series
are assigned to each constituent division. I n the table there are
given the first and last days of each group.
Table 35. Products as116 for Form .4&.-This table contains the
products of constituent s eeds and time meridian longitudes for
formula (466) which is use(Pin obtaining values of (.'-IC) for column A
of Form 444.
Table 36. Angle deferences for Form 445.-This table gives the
differences for obtaining and checking the dial settings for February 1
and December 31, as entered in Form 445. The differences me de-
rived from tables 16 and 17.
Table 37. Coast and Geodetic Survey tide-predicting machine No. 2- '
Generd gears.-This table gives the details of the eneral gearing from
f
t,he hand-operating crank to the main vertical s afts, together with
the details of the earing in the front section or dial case. I n this
%
table the gears rn shafts are each numbered consecutively for con-
venience of reference, the gears being designated by the letter (7 and
S. In the second column are given the face
and the diameter of each shaft. The next
of teeth and pitch of each bevel and
spur gear. The pitch is the number of teeth per inch of diameter of
the gear. The worm screw is equivalent to a gear of one tooth, as it
requires a complete revolution of the screw to move the engaged wheel
HABMONIC ANALYSIS AND PKEDIC!MON OF TIDES 161
one tooth forward. The period of rotation of each shaft and gear is
relative and refers to the time aa indicated on the face of the machine,
which for convenience is c d d dial time.
Table 38. Coast and Geodetic Survey tide-predicting machine No. 2-
Constituent gears.-This table contains the details of the gearing from
the main vertical shafts to the individual constituent cranks. Column
'
I gives the number of teeth in the bevel gear on the main vertical
shaft; column 11, the number of teeth in the gear on the intermediate ,
shaft that meshes with the gear on the vertical shaft; column 111, the
number of teeth in the gear on the intermediate shaft that meshes with
the gear on the constituent crahk shaft; and column IV, the number
of teeth in the gear on the crank shaft.
For the long-period constituents the worm gear is taken as the
equivalent of one tooth. For each of these constituents there is a
short secondary shaft on which sliding gears are mounted, but the
extra gears do not affect the speed of any ot the crank shafts except
that for constituent Sa in which case a ratio of 1:2 is introduced.
The crank-shaft s eed per dia.1hour for each constituent is equal to
cO1umn I Xco f 'I1. For constituent Sa the product of
.
convenient for obtainm the derence between any two dates and
K
. also in finding the midd e of any series.
Table 41. Values of h in fornula h= (1 +15+2+'cos z):.-This table
may be used with formulas (472) and (473) on page 149 to obtain
constituent amplitudes for the prediction of hydraulic currents.
rsinx
Table 42. Values of k in fornula k=tun-'l+r cos --This table
may be used with formulas (474) and (475) on.pa es 149-150 to
3
obtain constituent epochs for the prediction-of hydra. ic currents.
162 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
Mean radius of earth (a), (Intern. Ell.) 6,371,269 meters b = 20,903,071 feet
=3, 958. 91 miles
Solar paraIIax (Paris Conference)_ _ _ - _ - _ _- _- -_8.80"
_ = = 0.000,042,66 radian
Lunar equatorial horizontal parallax (Brown3 -57' 2.70" 0 = 0.016,59 radian
____. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lo00, Jan. 1 , 0 hour 279.857 276.067 w.725 7.417 301.408
1700, Jan. 1, Ohour ________________________ 280.624 277.7% 47.604 116.501 167.343
lS00, Jan. 1 , 0 hour ________________________ 280.407 278.543 342 313 M5.453 33.248
le00, Jan. 1, Ohour ________________________ 280.190 281.221 277.028 . ma% 259.156
2IXKl,Jan.l.Ohour ________________________ 27Q.873 282.940 211.744 83.m 1%. 088
FATE OF CHANCE IN MEAN LONGITUDE OF SOLAR AND LUNAR ELEMENTS mrom, JAN. I, 1000)
Elements Per J u l i cen- Per common per day Per solar hour
tury (36525 days) year (365 days)
0 1 0 I o
0 0
a 041, om 64
O.OOO,OOl, 96
0. .MQ,Ola,53
0, oor,641.83
-0, Ooa, #)6,41
I I
0.0889
0.0065
0.0022
0.0032
0. m
I I
0.2340
m_______________ 0.041,066.7 0.0118
m _______________ 0.08%133,4 0.O003
0.011
0.0043
0.m
0. ooo2
_.
__---_
T-2d+h+W
T-36+h+p+W
________________
_____________
0.3771
0.0730
T-6+h-p-W ______________ 0.0104
T-48+h+2p+90 ____________
T--sS+3h-~+w)~ ____________
0.0087
0.0142
T-8-h+p-90 ______________ 0.0015
T--rL1+3ir+Boo _-_-_-____- la, W,139,8 0. 0061
T+h-90
+z-u-
T-h+90 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _+%-v.
______ ___________ 14,
________________ SSS,931.4
15.041, o w e
0.0003
0.3623
______________ - ________________ 14.496,698.9
T--8+h+p-W - ________________ 15.585,443,3
' v 0.0387
0.0297
T+s+h-p-W
T-2d+h+2p--8o0
_____________.
________________ 13. Ssa,319,Z
-v
v
0.0024
0.0024
0.0042
0.0042
0.0116
0.0039
0.0367
0.0060
0. oom
0.0134
T+!?d+h-p _______________ I -E-v ____1________I
I&la4,459,g 0. 0022
SOLAR DIURNAL TERMS, FORMULA (180)
0.1755
0.0103
0.0016
aoM)4
0.1681
a 0042
0. 0042
0.0001
am1
aW76
a 0004
0. 0001
.---_---
.-_-_-__
0. om
0.6305
LUNAR SEMIDIURNAL TEEMS, FORMULA (W
0.9085
0.1758
0.0361
0.0235
0 0341
0:0066
0 0219
0:m
0.0786
0,0064
0. rn
0. m
_________________ -% _______________
ST+dS+Sh-#p
dT-84-4h-p
#T+8+p . . . . . . . . . . . ____
. . . . . ___________
ST-&+& ______ _______ ______ -%. __________-_-_
I- ____________ __ 31.170,886,7
. . . . . -%-%_______________ 29.610.616,Z
30.553,853;4
0.0005
0, LmQ
0, LmQ
#T+#+th
#T+Jl+#h-p
ST+s+#h+p+lW
.__________________
________________
___________
I-
-2E-2. - _ _ _ _ _ _ _31;_ 180,17d3
__
-%-%
-%-%
29. OSS,W1,6
#T+dS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ %_______________ 31 OlB.033 1
____-______
___________ 31.724.545, O
635 795 6
0.0007
0. oO07
0,0017
_-__ - - -.
0.0003
#T+&+Sh-#p _______________ -%-2v. __________ 3032!&919: 7 __ __ _--.
______-_-.
__ -- -.
______-.
#T+4h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -%-%._________.I
80.164,274,8 __ __ __
-.
'Adapted for use with tabular node factors, theoretical value I s 0.0817. 8- p. 43.
166 U. S. aOAYl! AND QEODEWC STJRVEY
0.4237
0.w2
0,0035
0.0010
0.0365
0. ooog
I T + S h - p 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ E_ _~ _K _)_
IT+Spi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
_______________
_______________
~81'0
30.123, m.0
3O.lKHl.W3,9
0. ooog
#T+#I-#~I __________________
_______________ zero 30.164,270,6
..I I
Bm_____ __________ IT+Jh--.: ___________________ zero_______________
B57_____ IT+slr-p~___________________ _______________
B5:_____ __________ dT+Sh+p1+1W _____________ zero_______________
Bu
..________
Note 3. b
Note4. Kz
_______
______ #T--s+#h-p+lW +Y P R
IT+Ih ____________: IsO.oS2,137,3
___________
29.528,478,9 _____
_________.I -!%?--I-:
_____
:
LUNAR TERDIURNAL TERMS, FORMULA (110)
___________
'I I
An:.-:- Ma_____ L ST-S8+Sh
_____ __________
A M_____
A* __ ________
ST-&+Sh+p
ST-2d+Sh-p+lSOD
___________________
________________ -I-%-&
__________ 4-3E-3~ ___________
+3-3u ___________
43.476156.3
42931 781 6
44.020:531: 0
Note 1-Combines terms A M and -41r. Note %Combines terms Au and A48
Note !&Combinas terms Ar?and Bas. Nota CCombinea terms A47 and Bo.
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTTON OF "DES. 167
Table 2a.-Shallow-water conetit uents
. Argument,
. Speed Factor# '
Origin ....
___--____-
'
&midiurnal
" 1.I D
de- per h.
2~-53+4h+p
3T+!&-th- _____-_____I
_________ +a-.lU
___________
-%+k- _________
I n.m,saa,7
31.016, 8Q5,8
168 U. S. OOASrr AND GEODETM: SURVEY
Table 3.-Latitude factors . .
Y*I
Y Yv Ylro Y ~ I Ylai Y d Y.40 Y
.
4
1
YM pt Y.u YdI Y, Y dl Y
--- - - - -- - - - -
i Ya
- c _
-
Yd1
* * 0
1.m 0. m
0
10
11
.456
.445
.342
.a75
..8&1
grn ..Q83
e82
.om
..116
loa
.167
.161
.lea
.I84
.132
.133
.a9
..w
a1
.1M
.la
10
11
.Q78 .18 .199 .143 .157 12
12 .43a IM .967
13 .4% 43a I49 .974
.m
.w
.19'
..l37
I46 214
3%
.I54
.la
.275
.387
.la .4a
.14'
1' .41: lBI- 941 241 .17! .as .13 15
14 .401 50 6% .9B( .13 .1a
.w .14 .11! 255 888 .18 .N .124 16
II .a8 53 8% .&48 I 27t .115 17
55 811 .sa0 -29: ,951 .15 .111 ?67 ,875 .18 .2a'
1
11
.37:
.as 58 801 .m. ,501 .95 .15 .ow a80 ,860 .19 .m .106
19
18
..I...15161 .wo
.92 .11 .05 ,82a .797 .22 17 22
a .a -88 86 .719 .37! .047 a3
.695 .39 .92 .ll .04 ,331 .780 I
a .a7 .7I 84 .036 24
a .25 -74 83 .m .w .91 .11 .03 ,339 .762
.01 .a .021 m
2 .a3 ..n
7t , aa .&a3 .42 .Bo .178
. -..w
,347 .744 .14
.12 .008 as
1
I
.I1
.19 .a
,Bo
,m
.til6
. .588
43
.45
.88
.88
I7Q
.17Q w
.354 .7%
.m .707
.2!
.21 .ll -. 008 a7
.0: .Q! .e! .375 .55 .8: .161 -.-. OI1I .384 .570 .a: .M -.-. 113 34
as
i
-..M0: .9.% .8;
.6!
.342 .bi
.m .M
.81
.a
.156
.1m -. 11 .381
.w
.b50
.5ao
.2
.a -..M:01 -. 120
145 88
.a .n -. .38! .509 .2 -. 0: -.
-. 164 37
-.-. 0011 .B.9.9
-.@ .e4
.a
.276
..8os
Ha .61 .n
.143
.I36
. -. 1: .a
-. 14 .w . a -.
-. 0'0: 179
-. 196 38
.e:
11
.b la8 .3N .4m . a 89
.a
.a .la -. 11 .3z .450 .a -.
-. O( -.-. 213 40
-.I!
-.-.1,
.9
.9 .B
.174
.la .6!
.6! .71
.71 ..lo2
111 -.
-. 1u' .37' .430
.an .410
1
.1 -. 01
0:
-. 248
a30 41
u)
1 .9 .5 .lo6.a .F
-. .e .OM .e! *I .092 -. 1' .as! .391 f -.-. MI' -.
-. 206 43
_..
T..
1
..
,-
.5
.! .oo -
-
.03
I::
I :4 - -07 -
-
.os' : : :1
- -. I
- E
%-
*Inthese columns reverse signs for south latitude. Other values are applicable to'either north or south
. latitude.
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND P'REDICTION OF !J?IDES 169
- -3.-Latit ude
- - -Table - factors-Continued
- - -
--
Y.u
YdO Ylu Y
.
41 Y
.
42
Y Yvao Y S Yd a Yam Ywai Y "ai Y
.
40
Y*o Yn Y.U Y*l YWCl Y
- - -- - - --Yrrr
-- _----- --
. *
.- -
0
0
46 -0.250 oaa .a0 0. oo!l ,707 .707 Q 011 -0.m .a& I. 354 1. 186 -0.111 -a 300 45
79 -. Q45 .375
-. 955 .036 -.-. 92i
w
.Pa2 .191 -.
-.-. 851 -. 146
-. 134 ,036 .om -.220 -.la
.006 -.233 -. 111
-. 764
-. 70
80
81
.%2
-. 963 .309
.030
.024 -. 951 .@SO
.m
.174
.156
364
371 -. 121
.030
,024 .OM -.a9 -. 1EM -. 770
776
80
81
sa -. -. .m -. 377 -. 108 .OI9 .003 -.245 -. ORC -. 781 83
.MI1 -.a50 -. 079
.019
8a
84
911 .276
-.-. 978 .242
gsrl .208
.016
.Oll
-. 901
-. 97c
QR
,139
.Q93 .la
.895 .lo5
-.-. 382
987
-.
-. 098
082
.015
.011 .001 -. a54 -. 089 -.786
-. 188
83
84
8t -. W3
-. 98s .174 .om -.-. 99c
gs! .m .087 -.
-. 391
86
-. 055
-. 069 .008
.005
.001 -.WI -. 0 1
..000 -.!a1 -.ope
-. 702
-.ma
86
a6
81 -. Wf .139.1os
.005
.889 .052
.om -.Ma
-, QQl
.gga .070
-. 394
39187 .003 ooc -. as1 -. 036 -. 797
8E -. .001 -. 891 .BB9 .036
w .m -. 028 .001
.a00 -. 99f i.ooa .017 -. u)( -. 014 .m .m -.18a
-1.m .035
-. 3M 88
88
.OM -.28s -.m
-. 01: -. 788
-. 800
88
.ma -1. Loo0 .ooc -. .om .ooo .OM: -.261 .oo( -. 800 80
80 -1.ooc
- --- - -
.M)o
- -- - - - --
M)(
I
rM(
*In these damns ns*m signs lor south latitude. Other values sre sppllesble to either north or m t h
latitude.
170 U. S. COAST AND GEODELTC S'URmY
Year. h PI Year. s P h PI
s
-- - - - --
-
17 0 0 0 0
279.83 !2%0.40
0 0
107.55
225.45 m . 4 1 279.60
288.12 280.17 279.52 280.57 280.41 88.16
308.78 279.93 279.54 2 8 0 . 3 280.43 msh4
3 4 7 . a 279.09 279.55 280.09 280.46 49.51
28.10 279.45 m.57 316.93 1856---. 198.15 344.00 279.85 !SO. 46 30.18
68.88 280.20 m.59 296.56 1857---- 341.12 24.78 280. Bo !80.48 10.80
109.54 279. 90 V9.61 m.23 1858____ 111.10 65.44 m.36 w. 50 351.47
332.14
1m. 20 279.12 m.I 257.90 1859---- 240.48 106.10 380.12 Iso.8
190.86 279.48 !79.64 230.57 1880---- 9.87 146.77 279.88 Iso.53 312.81
231.64 280.23 m. 66 219.19 1861____ 152.43 187.54 280.63 80.55
w. 57
293.43
m.30 279.99, t79.67 18@2.--- 281.83 228.20 m.39 274.10
312 96 279.75 m.69
199.86
180.53 1863____ 51.28 N . 8 7 280.15 w. 58 254.78
353.63 79.51 Z79.71 161.20 1&l4-.-. 180.59 m.53 279.91 Zso. 60 235.45
W 40 30.26 Z79.73 141.82 1865____
____
323.15 350.30 280.88
30.96 m.43
M.62
m.I34
216.07
196.74
75. OB
115.73
30. na
79.78
879.74
nS. 76
122.49
103.17
1866
1867____
93.53
221.92 71.63 280.18 , m.65 177.41
68.39 79.64 279.78 83.84 1%%--.- 351.30 I 12. as 79.94 so.87 158.08
197.11 !so. 39 am.n 64.46 1869---- 131.86 153. o!
193.7:
80. 69
w. 45
180. B(
i80.71
138.70
119.37
237.8: Z80.05 279.81 45.13 1870--.- 263.25
m.4! m.81 279.g 25.80 l871---- 83.83 2 8 1 3! w. 21 380.7: lao. 04
319.11 i79.57 279.81 6.47 1812---. 162.02 735. o! m.97 280.7< 80.72
61.34
359. B: BO. 32 279. El 347.09 1873.... 244.68 315.8: Bo. 72 280.71
40.8 180.08 279: 81 327.76 1874..-. 73.96 356.I Bo. 48 280.7; 42.01
81. a t79.s4 279. w 308.43 l875..-. %03.35 37.11 w. 24 m.7( 22.68
121.9 279.61 279.9: 289.11 1876--.. 332.73 77.8 m.01 280.8 3.35
162. (Y 280.35 279. % 268.72 1877-.-- 116.29 118. B m.75 280.8: 343.97
m.3 a8R 11 279: 9 250.40 IS%---- %68 159. 2 BO. 61 m.8 324.64
244.0 am.87 279. w 231.07 1879.-.. 14.06 199.9 180. a -84 305.31
asl6 279.64 278. w 311.74 lsBo---- 143.45 240.6 m.04 280. 81 285.98
325.4 280.38 280.0 192.36 188l--.- 286.01 281.3 280.78 280.8' 268.60
1883---- 55.39 333.0 280.64 280.9 247.28
6.1
46.7
280.14
W .91
280.0
280.0
173.03
153.70 1883 ____,184.78 2 6 280.31 280.9 227.95
87.4 279.67 m.0 134.37 1884---- 314.16 43.3 280.oi 280.9 !m.1
128.2 o m . 41 280.0 114.M 1885.-.. 96.72 84.1 280.81 293.9 l89.24
168.8 280. le 280.0 95.88 1888---- 226.11 124.7 280.57 280.9 169.91
308.: 279.94 280.1 76.34 lSm-.-- 355.49 165.4 280.34 281.0 150.58
o 0
Jan. 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 J u l y 1 %I493 20.16 17&N 0.01 -9.68
Feb. 1 48.47 3.45 30.56 0.00 -1.64 A u g . l 273.40 a62 20886 0.01 -11.23
MM. 1 67.41 a57 s.16 a00 -3.12 sept. 1 321.88 27.07 238.51 0.01 -1287
Apr. 1 1 0 6 . 8 8 10.03 88.71 0.00 -4.77 Oct.1 367.16 30.41 289.08 0.01 -14.46
M a y 1 141.17 13.37 118.28 a01 -a35 NOV. 1 45.62 33.87 m.64 0.01 -16.10
June 1 189.64 16.82 148.83 . 0.61 -8.00 Dec. 1 80.92 37.31 339.n 0.02 -17.69
I I I I I I1 I I I I I
DIFFERENCES TO BEGINNING OF EACH DAY OF MONTH FOB COMMON YEARS 1
- -
P h N PI N Day 8 P h 1
- - - --- - - - -
______
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
2
________
________ 0.00
13.18
0.00
0.11
a oo
0.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.05
17
18 ______ 210.82
224.00
'1.78
1. 89
16.77
16.76
0.00
0.00
-0.85
4.90
a________ 28.36 a 22 1.97 0.00 -0.11 19 ______ 237.18 2. 01 17.74 0.00 -0.95
4________
6________
39.63
6271
0.33
0.46
aaa
3.1
0.00
0.00
-0.16
-0.21
20 ______
n _ _ _ _ -m- 6 3
250.35 2 12
2!3a
18.73
19.71
0. 00
0.00
-1.01
-1.00
6 ________ 66.88 0.54 4.93 0.00 -0.B 32..-.-. 276.70 234 20.70 0.00 -1.11
7
8
9________
10___._--
9233
1x69
I
________ 105.41 79.06
0.78
0.89
1. 00
0.67 5.91
6.90
7.89
8.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.33
-0.37
-0.42
-0.48
23
24
26
B
______
______
______
______
289.88
3W.00
316.23
329.41
245
2 56
2 67
279
21.68
22.67
23.66
24.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1. 16
-1.22
-1. n
-1.32
11_______ 131.76 1.11 9.86 0.00 -0.53 n __-__-342Q 2 90 25.63 0.00 -1.38
12.______ 144.94 1.23 10.84 0.00 -0.58 28______ 356.76 3.01 26.61 aoo -1.43
13 _______ 1% la 1.34 11.83 0.00 -0.64 29 ______ 8.94 3. 12 !a.e4 0. 00 -1.48
14 _______
_______ 171.29 1.45 12.81 0..00 -0.69 30______
31______
a12 3. 23 2s68 0.00 -1.54
15
16 _______ 184.47
197.65
1.56
1.67
13.80
14. 78
0. 00
0.00
--a74
-0.79 32 ______ 36.29
48.47
3. a4
3.45
29.57
30.56
0.00
0.00
-1.59
-1.64
0.00
0.00
h
--
0
0.00
0.04
PI
0.00
0.00
:l I ': I :
0.00
0.00
Hour
12
13
______
______ 6.59
7.14
0.08
0.08
-
h
0
0.49
0.53
0
0.00
0.00
N
0
-0.03
-0.03
0.01 0.08 0.00 0.00 14______ 7.69 0.06 0.67 aoo -0.03
0.01 0.12 .0.00 -0.01 15______ 8.24 0.07 0.62 0.00 -0.03
0.03 0.16 0.00 -0.01 16______ 8.78 0.07 0. ea 0.00 -a
17______
04
0.02 0. 21 0.00 -0.01 9.33 0.08 0.70 0.00 -0.04
6. _______
3.29
7____-___3.84
0. 03 0.25 0.00
am
-0.01. 18 ______ 9.88
_-___- 10.43
0.08 0.74 0.00 -0.04
8 ________
4.39
0.03
0.04
0.29
0.33 0.00
-0.02
-0.02
19
20 ______ 10.98
0.09
0.m
0.78
0.82
0. M)
0.00
-0.04
-0.04
9 ________
_______ 4.94 0.04 0.37 0.00 0.10 0.86 0.00 -0.05
10
11 _______ 6.48
6.04
0.06
0.05
0.41
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.11
0.90
0.94
0.00
0.00
-0.05
-0.06
*
The table may also be used dlrhtly for datesbetween Jan. 1 and Feb.28, inclusive, of leap years; but
if the requued date falls between Mar. 1 and Dec. 31, inclusive, of a leap year, the day of month should be
Increesed by one before entering the table.
HABMONIC ASALYSIS AND PRiEDICTION OF m E S 173
Table 6.-VaZues of I , V, 5, VI, and 2 ~ "for each degree o f N.
-
IP d t l v e when N is between 0 and 180'; negative when N is
between 180 and 360'
N
-
v
- - - -- -- -
E v' 25"
Nff. 0
tiff. 0
tiff. 0
Diff. 0. xff. 0
246037-41- -12
174 U. S. OOAYI! AND GEODEJXC STJRVEY
14 13 9 17
58
59
_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 26.52
____________ 26.45 7 9.81
9.94 13 am
9.03 12 6.91
7.00 9 14.40
14.58 I8 3m
301
60 28.38 7 10.07 13 9.14 12 7.08 '9 14.75 17 300
7 12 11 8 17
61___________ 26.31 10.19 9.25 7.17 14.92 299
62________._. 7 13 12 9 16
26.24 1O.L' I). 37 7.as 15.08 298
63_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26.17 7 10.44 12 9.48 11 7.34 8 15.24 16 297
~
7 12 11 8 15
64 ...-___.___
26.10 7 10.56 12 9.59 11 7.42 7 15.39 15 396
65_ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _
28.03 8 _ 10.68 11 9.70 11 7.49 8 15.54 15 295
66__.._______25.95 7 10.79 11 9.81 11 7.57 7 15.69 14 a94
67 _______
..:. 25.88
2680 8 10.90
11.01 11 9.92
10.02 10 7.64
7.73 8 15.83
15.98 13 293
292
68 P
69__._______.
25.72 8
7 1l. 12 11
I1 10.12 10
10 7.79 7
7 16.10 13 291
50_ _ _ . _ _26.66 _ _ _ _ _ 11.23 10.22 7.86 16. 2-3 290
.71. - ________
72_ . _ _ _ _25.49
25.57 8
8 11.33
_ _ _ _ _ 11. e
10
10 10.32
10.41
10
9 7.92
7.99
6
7 16.35
16.47
12
13 289
288
8 # 10 9 6 11
78_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .11.53
25.41 10.50 8.05 16.58' 37
___________ 8 10 9 6 16. @a 11
~
____
81_ _ _ _ _ _ I 24.76 8 12.219
7
7 11.15 7
7 8.48 4
6 17.33 8
7 279 .
82_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24.67 12.28 11.32 8.53 17.40 278
83_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24.59 8
9
1236 7
7 11.29 7
7 a 57 4
4 17.46 6
6 277
84_ _ - - - - - - - _ _ 24.4.50 8 1242 6
11.38 6 8.61 3 17.52 6 276
85 ___________
N42
86___-____-__ H.33 9 12.48
1254 6 11.42
11.47 5 a61
am 4 17.58
17.63 6 275
274
87___-------_ 24.24 9 12.80 6 11.53 6 a 71 3 17.67 4 273
8 5 5 3, 4
___________ 24.16
88
89_______-___H.07 9
12Bs 6 11.58 6 8.74 2 17.71 3 272
90 ___________ 23.88 9 12.70
1255 5 11.63
11.68 5
- --
8.76
am 3 17.74
17.7l 3 '
-
271
!a70
- -- -
HABMONIC ANALYSTS AND PREDICTION OF TIDES 175
Table 6.-Values of I , Y, E, ut, and dv" for each degree of N--Continued
-
N I Positive
always
ay'
-
N
- -- I
I_ - -- V'
-
m. 0
12.75
W. 0
11.88
Diff.
4
0
8.79
%ff.
2
0
17.77
>iff.
2 210
9 4
9 12. 79 4 11.72 4 a 81 2 17.79 2 289
8 1 2 83 4 11.76 4 as 2 17.81 1 268
12.87 11.80 8.85 17.82 1 267
9 3 3 1
12. 90 11.83 886 17.83 0 268
9 3 3 8.87 1 17.83 3%
12. 93 2
11.86 3 1 1
9
9 12.95 2 11.89 3 ass 1 17.82 1 264
- V
- -I I-v' -
Di 0
Di 0 0
D
io. 9. 7. 13.
1
10. 9. 6. 12.
10. 9. 1
I 6. 12.
10. 9. 6. 12
1
9. 9.
,
9. I 1 9. I 1. 6.
6.4
12.
12.E
I 231
9. 8. t 1f a20
1 11
li 6.3 11.7 219
9. ! 1 8.6 6.I 11.5
9. : I 218
1 8.f 11 6. a I 11.2 217
9. ( 1 a4 18 5.B 11.a 216
I
at 2 8.5 ia 5.a 10.7 215
8.f 2 ai 19 5.6 I
I 10.4 214
8.4 2 7.9 .E5 10.2 213
19 I
. a1 7.7 6.3
am 2
a 7.a m 5.a I 9.9 212
I
7.a 7.3 m 5.0 1 9.6 211
4 m I 9.3 210
I 7.6 a: 7.1 4.9 9.1 a0B
7.4 21 1
1 7.1 2
a:
6.9
6.7 21
21
4.8
4.8 1
1
8.8
8.6
108
207
6.9 21 6.4' 4.8 82: 2oR
6.7 6.2 42 1
I
4 22 4.3 1 7.93 ,205
8.4 a! 6.0 4. 11 7.8 2M
23 1
1 6.2 24 6.8: 4.M 7. % a03
5.9 6.6 23 1
1
a. 'I z! 23 3.8' 1 7.a ma
1
a: 6.31 23 3.?I 6.7' 201
1
1 6.4 a: 6.1: 3.cv 6.4: 200
5.2 4.81 24 1
4 26 24 3.3: 12 0.1: 199
3 4.9s 26 4.65 24 3.m 17 5.81 198
3 4.72 26 4.41 3.03 5.50 197
4.46 4.16 I 2.88 17 31
3 27 25 17 5.19 ' 196
8 4.19 27 3.91 2. 88 . 4.87 32 195
26 17 32
3 3.92 27 3.66 2.52 455 194
3.65 8 41 26 2.34 18 32
2 27 25 17 4.23 193
3.38 3.16 2 17 33
2 !?a as' 18 3.91 32 192
2 3.10 27 2.90 28 1. w 18 3.69 191
2 2. 83 !?a 2.84 1.81 3.27 32 190
255 ass 28 1.83 1s a3
2 2s 26 18 294 32 189
2.27 2. 12 I. 45
1
2 1. w .?a
1.86 m 1.27 18 2.64
2.29 33 la8
187.
1.71 a8 1. Bo 26 18 32
1 29 37 1.OB 18 1.97 188
33
1 1.43 as 1.33 0.01 1.84 165
1.14 1.07 28 0.73 18 33
0 28 37 18 1.31 32 ,154
1 0.86 as 0.80 0.55 0.98 183
18 33
0 0.67 a8 0.54 0.37 0.66 183
0.as 0.27 0.18 19 0.33 33
0 29 18 33 181
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 180
- 1 -
Table 7.-Log R. for amplitude of constituent La
0
5
10
-
0
180
185
180
18O
0.0705
0.0685
0.0654
190
0: om
0.0783
0.0138
0.0587
u. 0878
0.0824
0.1002
0.oggl
0.0918
ag
a 1117
a 1082
0.1019
' n. 1240
0.1211
0.1128
0.1373
0.1340
0.1244
0.1517
0.1479
0.1367
--
so
0.1674
0.16%
0.1500
I ' no
0.1843
0.1790
0.1641
0.2027
0. I968
0.lls.a
>:
0.2a28
0.-
0.1953
a
180
175
170
P
-
0
360
365
350
15 195 0.0580 0. m3
a
. 0.07% 0.0520 0.oww 0.ow8 0.1095 0.1197 0.1305 0.1417 0.1636 0.1858 185 346
m a00 0.0506 0.0% 0.06% 0.0693 0.071 0.0834 0.ow)8 0.0986 0.1085 0.1147 0.1230 0.1313 160
156
340
835
25 205 0.0407 0.- 0.- 0.0546 0.0588 0.0647 0.0688 0.0750 0.0802 0.0853 0.06u4 0.0'252
30 210 0.0287 0.0327 0.0357 0.0388 0.0418 0.044s 0.0478 0.0506 0.0533 0.0557 0.06% 0.05Qi 150 330
35 215 0.0182 0.0187 0.0313 0.022s 0.0338 0.0249 0.0258 0. o
m 0.om a om 0.o#ls 0.0283 145 325
40 aao a 0086 0.OOBB 0.0068 0.0084 0.OOBO 0. am a m 0.0034 0.M)lQ 0. ooo1 9.m 9.8963 140 m
45 235 '2.8851 Q. Q
MO Q. QD28 9.QDlO 9.w91 8.8870 Q. gs48 9.881s 9.9m 0.8755 9.9717 9.Q676 135 315
50 230 9.Q843 9.w m 9.8794 9.9765 Q. 9724 9.m Q. 9083 9.9823 9.8680 9.8533 0.9483 9.9430 130 310
55 23s Q. 97Gi Q. 8710 9.9873 9.9634 9.Q5Q2 Q. 9548 Q. QSOO Q. Q44Q Q. 9396 9.9338 8.9278 9.9215 125 a05
60 240 9. Q653 9.gsll Q. 8588 Q. 9518 Q. 0467 9.0414 Q. 9357 0. Q!?W Q. 8235 9.9170 Q. 9102 Q.WI im 300
66 245 8.8575 Q. 95% Q. 0473 Q. 0418 8.8360 Q. 9299 Q. 8236 9.QlBB 9.QlOO 8. gOae Q. 8954 Q.8877 115 2Q5
70 ?50 Q. 9510 8.0454 Q. 9gaS 9.9335 Q. Qnl 9.9205 Q. 9188 9.ww4 9.8890 9.8913 9.8534 Q.8753 110 280
75 255 9.9458 Q. Ba8s 9.9336 Q. QZIO 9. Baoa 9.9131 Q. 9058 Q. 898a 9.Bw)4 Q. BSSIL Q. 0742 9.8857 105 a85
Q. Q42l Q. Q2Zi a 9152 Q. 9003 9.m a Q. 8844 Q. 8761 100 !m
80
85
90
E
m
9.8388
8.8391
Q. 8358
9.9324
9.93s
Q. 8382
9.B?B8
8.9257
9.QIQB
9.9186
8.9123
Q. 8113
Q. Bo79
8. QO47
9.8037
Q. 8969
9.8958
Q. 8888
9.8878
8.8807
9.8'191
9.8723
9.8710
9.8676
9.E836
0.8833
9.8589
9.8545
8.8535
85
80
a76
270
- - -
..I
5
10
D
0 1 8 0
185
190
0
0.0
1.8
3.4
0
0.0
20
3.9
0
0.0
23
4.4
0
0.0
20
5.0
0
ao
29
6.6
0.0
3.3
0.3
3.7
7.1 8. 9
0
0. 0
6.2
9. g
:
::
0
0.0
5.9
11.1
I
1 .
0.0
6.6
124
180
175
170
380
355
350
6.6 6.4 7.1 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.2 126 13.9 17.1 105 346
15 185 4.8 13.8 . 15.2 16. a 20.4 160 340
m m 6.2 7.1 ao 8.9 10.0 11. 2 1 24
9. a 10.3 11.5 128 ,14.1 15.0 17. 1 18. a 32.5 165 335
25205 7.3 a2 ,
,
1 25 13.8 15.2 16.'7 18. 3 19. B 21.7 23.5 150 330
30 210 ao 9.0 10.1 11.3
13.0 14.3 15.7 17. Z ia 6 m.1
'
9.6 la0 11.0 I28 13.9 15.2 16.4 17.7 19.1 20.5
45 235 a6 '
'
17. S . 19.0 21.9
20.3 135
180 315
310
8.2 9.1 10.1 11.1 1 21 13. 2 14.3 1 6 .& 16.6
50230 '
10.3 11. a 12 1 13.1 14.1 15.2 16.2 17.3 18.3 125 305
56 2-35 7.7 8.5 9.4 '
15.2 10.1 im .3 ~ )
60240
85 245
0.9
6.0
7.0
6.0
a 4
7.3
9.2
7.9
10.0
8.0
10.8
9.3
11.7
10.0 la;''8
lo:
13.4
,11.5
9.4
14.3
1 22
10.0
' 13.0
10.6
13.7
11.2
116
110
295
290
7. 1 7.0 8.2 8. ?
I
70350 5.0 6.5 6.0 6.6
3.8 4.2 4.0. 6.0 5.4 5.8 6.3 a'7 7.1 7.0 so a5 '105 m
76 3.7 3.9 4:2 .. 4.3 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 1M) 280
3.4
m
85
m
265
26
1.3
28
1.4
3.1
1.0 1.7 1.8 . 20 21 'a;? 24 2 0 ,!
ao :.
, 2 7 29
ao
95
eo
375
i,
I'
HARMONIC ANALYSES AND PREDIUTION OF TIDES 179
Table 9.-Log Q. for amplitude of constituent MI
~
- -
- - -
-P - - % Qs Diff.
_- - - - --
'Og Q* Diff.
-
P
-
0
0 0
0 0 D 0 0 D 0
- m6. I
- --
182 U. S. 0 ~ GEODETIC SURVEY
0 AND
+ - - + -
0 O D D 0
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0:00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 360
1 0.19 0.13 0. 28 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.16 0.15 0.53 0.17 0.06 0.34 369
2 0.38 0. n 0.67 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.23 0.30 0.30 1.05 0.34 0.12 0.67 358
' 3 0.58 0.40 0.85 0.11 0.17 0.23 0.34 0.45 0.45 1.57 0.52 0.17 1.01 367
4 0.75 0.54 1. 14 0.15 0.23 0.30 0.45 0. Bo 0.60 2. 10 0.69 0.3 1.35 356
5 0.94 0.67 1.42 0. I9 0.28 0.38 0. 58 0.75 0.75 262 0.88 0.29 1.68 365
' 6 1.12 0.80 1. m 0.23 0.34 0.45 0.88 0.90 0.90 3.14 1.03 0.35 2. 02354
7 1.31 0.94 1.99 0.26 0.40 0.53 0.79 1.05 1.05 3.67 1. !& 0.41 236 3 1
8 1.50 1.07 a 27 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.90 1. a0 1.3 4.19 1.37 0.47 2 6 9 352
9 1. (18 1.20 2 56 '0.34 0.51 0.68 1.01 1.35 1.35 4 71 1.54 0.63 3.03 351
10 1.87 1. a4 2. 83 0.37 0.56 0.75 1. 121.49 1.49 5.33 1.71 0.59 3.36 350
11 2.05 1.47 3.11 0.41 0.62 0.82 1.24 1. &1 1.64 5.76 1.88 0.64 3. m 849
12 224 1. 60 3.39 0.45 0.67 0.90 1.34 1.79 1.79 6.27 205 0.70 4. 03 348
13 242 1.73 3.67 '0.49 0.73 0.97 1.45 1.94 1.94 6.79 2.21 0.76 4.36 347-
14 2.61 1.88 3.95 0.52 0.78 1.04 1.56 2. OB 2.09 7.31 2.35 0.83 4. m 346
15 2.79 1.99 4.23 0.56 0.84 1.12 1.67 a.33 2.3 7.82 a. w 0.88 5.03 345
16 2. 98 2 12 4 61 '0.Bo 0.89 1:19 1.79 2.38 2. 38 aa4 272 0.93 6.36 344
17 3.16 2.25 478 0.83 0.95, 1 . B 1.90 2.53 2.53 8.85 2.89 0.99 5.69 343
18 3.34 2 38 5.06 0.67 1.00 1.34 2.00 2. 67 268 9.36 3,05 1.05 6.0' 342
I9 3.52 ?. 51 5.33 0. 70 1.06 1.41 2. 11 a SI 2.83 9.87 3. a 1.11 6.36 341
20 8.71 2.64 5.60 0.74 1.11 1.48 2.21 2 95 2.97 LO. 38 3.38 1.17 6.67 a40
21 3.89 2. 77 6.87 0.77 1.16 1.65 2.33 3.09 3.11 LO. 89 3. !H 1.23 7.00 339
23 4.07 2. 90 6.14 0.81 1.21 1.62 2.42 3. I 3. a6 11.39 3.71 1.B 7.33 338
23 425 3.03 6. 41 0.84 1.26 1.69 2. 53 3.37 3.40 11.89 3.87 '1.34 7.66 337
. 2 4 4.42 3.15 8.68 0.88 1.31 1.75 2.63 3.51 3.65 12.39 403 1.40 7.97 336
25 4. Bo 3 . 3 6.94 0.91 1.37 1.82 2.73 3.64 3.m 12.64 419 1.46 8.29 335
26 4.78 3.40 7. 21 0.94 1.43 1.89 283 3.78 3.83 13.39 4.35 1.52 a 61 334
27 4 96 3.53 7.47 0.98 1.47 1.96 294 3.92 3.98 13.89 .4.61 1.57 8% 333
28 5.13 3.65 7.73 1.01 1.52 2.02 3.04 4.06 4.12 14.38 4.67 1.113 9.25 332
!39 5.30 3.78 7.99 1.04 1.57 2.09 3.13 4.18 4.96 14.87 4.82 1.69 9.67 331
30 5.48 3.90 a24 1.08 1.m I16 3.23 4 31 4. Bo 15.36 488 1.75 9.88 330
31 5.65 4 02 8.50. 1.11 1.67 2.22 3.33 4 45 4.54 15.84 5. IS 1.80 10.19 329
32 5. 82 4.14 8.75 1.14 1.72 2 % 3.43 4 58 4.68 16.32 5.B 1.88 10.50 328
83 6. 99 4.26 9.00 1.17 1.76 2.35 3.5a 4.70 4.82 16.80 5.44 1.92 10.81 327
34 6.16 4.38 9.25 1. 201.81 2.41 3.61 4.82 4.96 17.28 5.59 1.97 11.12 326
35 0 33 4.50 9. 0 1.24 1.85 2.47 3.71 4.94 5.10 17.76 5.74 2 0 3 1 1 . a 32.5
36 6.50 4.62 9.74 1.27 1.90 2.53 3.80 5.06 5. 28 18.23 6.89 2.09 11.13 824
37 6. BB4.74 9.98 1.30 1.94 2. a 3.89 5.18 .5.37 ia m 6.03 2.15 12.03 333
38 6.83 4.85 LO. 22 1.33 1.99 2.65 3.88 5.30 5.50 19.16 6.18 2.20 12.33 3aa
39 6.99 4.97 LO. 46 1.36 203 2.71 4.07 5.42 5.64 19.62 6.32 2.28 12. 63 321
40 7.15 5. cL9 LO. 69 1.38 2os 2.77 4.15 5.54 5.77 20. 08 6.46 2.31 1292 320
41 7.31 5.19 LO. 93 .1.41 a 12 2. 83 4.24 5.65 5.90 20.53 6.60 237 13.22 319
42 7.47 5.30 11. I6 1.44 2.16 2.88 4.32 5.76 6.03 m. 98 6.74 2.4a 13.51 318
43 7.63 6.41 11.38 1.47 2 2 0 2.94 4.40 5.87 3.16 21.43 6.88 2.48 13.80 317
44 7.79 8. I 11.80 1.50 224 2.99 4.49 6. 98 6.29 21.87 7.oa 253 14.09 316
45 7.94 5.63 11.82 1.52 a28 3.04 4.57 6.09 6.42 2 2 31 7.15 269 14.37 315
- - - - -
NOTE.-FOI LIand MIsee Table 13; for 28M and MBf, take u of MIwltb sign reversed; for PI, R:, SI,
Mm. 88. and 8sa, take u=O.
81,Ea, 84, TI,
HABMONID AN:ALYSIS AND PREDIoTION OF TIDES
183
. Table 11.-Valrtes of u for equilibrilrm arguments-Continued
- -- - --
- -- -
[Use atgn at head ofcolama when N is between 0 and 1800.rmr6e ri& when N f abetween 180 and.-SW]
L - - --
2, NI MI I, QI 30 bfK LfK Mi r .
N JI 61 Ka f, MS MI MI 2, P I
- - - - - P, p
- -- - - - - -
0
-
0
- - -1.52
0 0 0
-
0
- - i-09
0 0 0
4- -
0
-0 0
-
+ 4.37
0 1
1.M .6.23 2. 02 3.0: 4.03 6.05 8. Ot 9.25 31.64 9.8' 3.8: m. 4: 190
7c 11.23 6.08 a 11 9.31 31.88 9.91 3.8: 20. & 289
7. Q! 16.35 2.03 3. O! 4.06 m.8:
71 11.32
7. w 10.47 2.04 3. M 4.08 0.11 a 1: 9.44 32.27 10.0; a. 9: 288
7: 11.g
4.10 6.15 8. ac 9.41 32.5: 10.11 3. I!21.0 ?a7
7t 11. a B. 01 16. 58 2. O! 3.01 w 21.24 288
74 11.82 B. 1' 16.89 2.0( 3. cn 4.12 6.1f 8. w 9.x
9. e!
32 10.1
10.2
3.
4.0: ai. 3: 285
7! 11.7: B. 1' 16.80 2. 01 3.11 4.14 6.21 a 2t 33.0s '
n 17.17 2. 11 3.1, 4.24 0.31 8.4 9.91 34.cn 10.4 4.1 220 ?a1
12.01 8.3
2. 1 3.11 4. 2! 0.3: 8.4 10.0: 34. J' 10.5 4.2 23.1 !Bo
8( 12.18 8.4 17.21 s 22.3 379
' 8: 12. 21 a4 17.33 2. 1 3.1 4. z 0.31 8.41 10.11 34. E 10. 4.2
- - - - - +
0 0 D O 0 D O
- - +
0 0 D
- D O
90 1276 8.79 17.77 2.14 3.20 4. w 6.41 8.54 10.62 36.12 10.83 4. 52 23.37 270
91 1 2 79 8.81 17.79 2. 14 3.20 4.27 6.41 8.64 10.86 36.26 10.96 4.51 23.46 a88
92 12.83 8.83 17.81 2 13 3.20 4.27 6.40 8.54 io. m 36.37 10.96 458 23.54 288
93 1 2 87 8.85 17.82 2 13 3.m 4.28 6.40 a 53 10.74 36.48 10.88 4.58 23.61 267
94 1 2 90 8.86 17.83 2 13 3. 20 4.28 6.39 8.53 10.77 36.58 10.99 4.60 23.67 288
96 1 2 93 8.87 17.83 2 13 3.19 4.26 6.38 13.51 10.80 36.67 11.00 4.62 23.73 266
96 1 2 96 8.88 17.82 2 12 3.19 4.26 6.37 a 4 9 10.83 36.75 11.01 4. 64 23.79 284
97 1 2 98 am 17.81 2 12 3.18 4.24 6.35 a 4 7 10.86 36. Ea 11.01 4.65 23.84 a63
98 13.00 8.90 17.79 2. 11 3.17 4.22 6.34 8.45 10.88 36.87 11.01 4.67 23.83 262
99 1%01 aw 17.77 2. 11 3.16 4.31 6.32 843 io.90 36.82 11.00 4.68 23.91 281
100 13.02 am 17.74 2.10 3.15 4.20 6.30 a 4 1 10.92 36.95 11.00 4.69 23.93 260
101 13. 03 8.89 17.71 2. 09 3.14 4.19 6.23 8.38 10.93 36.98 10. 99 4.70 23.96 a58
102 13.03 8.88 17.67 2. 09 3.13 4.17 6. !M 8% 10.84 36.99 10.97 4.71 23.96 258
103 13.02 a 87 17.62 208 3.11 4.15 6.23 am 10.95 37.00 io. 95 4.72 23.97 !a57
104 13.02 a a 17.67 a' 07 3.10 4 14 6. m 8.27 10.85 36.99 10.93 4.72 23.87 256
105 13.01 8 8 4 17.51 2 06 3.09 4.12 6.17 8.23 10.95 36.96 10.90 4.73 23.96 256
108 1 2 99 8.82 17.45 2.05 3.07 4.10 6.14 a i 9 10.94 36.93 io. 87 4.73 23.94 254
107 1297 am 17.38 204 3.06 4.08 6.11 air, 10.94 36.89 10.84 4. I3 23.91 253
108 1 2 95 am 17.30 2 03 3.04 4.06 6.08 8.11 10.83 36.83 IO. 81 4.73 23.88 252
109 la 83 a 75 17.22 2.02 3.02 4 . m 6. Ob 8.06 10.91 36.76 10.77 4 72 a 8 4 a51
110 12. 90 8.72 17.14 200 3.m 4.00 6.01 aoi 10.89 36.67 10.72 4.72 33.79 a50
111 1 2 86 a 68 17.06 1.88 2.98 a98 5.97 7.96 10.87 36.58 10.88 4.71 23.7% 249
112 13.82 a 65 16.95 1.98 2.96 3.95 5.93 7.90 iasr 36.48 10.63 4. m 23.66 248
113 1 2 77 8.61 16.84 1. I 294 3.83 b. 88 7.M 10.81 30. So 10.57 1.69 23.59 247
114 1 2 72 a 57 16.73 i. 94 2 9 2 3.89 5.83 7.78 10.75 36.23 10.51 4.68 23.50 246
115 1 2 67 a 52 16.62 1.93 2.89 3.86 5.78 7.71 10.74 36.09 10.45 4.67 23.41 246
116 1 2 61 a48 16.50 1.91 2.87 3.82 5.74 7.65 10.70 35.93 10.39 4.85 B.31 244
117 1 2 65 a43 16.37 1.90 284 3.79 5.69 7.68 10.65 35.76 10.32 4.63 23.21 243
118 ia gs a 37 16.24 1.88 282. 3.76 5.64 7.52 10.80 35.67 10.25 4.61 23.09 242
119 ia 41 8.31 16.10 1.86 279 3.72 5.59 7.45 10.55 35.37 10.18 4.I 23.96 241
. im 1 2 34 8 % 15.96 1.84 277 3.69 5.53 7.35 10.49 35: 16 10.10 4. 67 2283 wo
121 1 4 3 8.19 15.81 1 . s 274 3.65 5.47 7.30 10.43 34.94 10.02 4.54 22.69 239
122 1 2 17 8.13 15.66 1.80 2 7 1 3.61 5.41 7.22 10.37 34.70 9.93 4.52 23.54 238
lap la08 am 15.50 1.78 268 3.57 5.35 7.14 10.30 84.49 9.84 4. 49 22.37 237
124 11. 98 7. 99 15.33 1.76 264 3.62 6. !24 7.05 10.22 34.19 9.75 4 . 1 ?am 238
125 11.88 7.91 15.16 1.74 2 6 1 3.48 6.22 6.96 10.14 33.91 9.65 4.43 22.03 235
128 11.78 7. 83 14.99 1.72 2 5 8 3.44 5.16 6.87 10.06 33.62 9.56 4.10 21.84
127 11. a7 7.75 14.81 1.70 2.H 3.39 5.08 6.78 9.97 33.31 9.45 4.36 n.64 238
1% 11.56 7.67 14.62 1.67 251 3.34 5.02 6.69 9.88 32.99 9.34 4.32 21.44 232
la0 11.44 7.68 14.43 1.65 248 3.30 4.95 6.60 9.79 3 2 66 9.23 4.23 21.23 231
130 11.31 7.49 14.23 1.63 2 4 4 3.28 4.88 6.51 9.69 3 2 31 9.12 4.23 21.00 280
131 11.18 7.40 14.03 1.80 2.41 3.21 4.81 6.42 9.1 31.95 9.00 4.19 20.76, 2%
132 11.05 7.30 13.83 1.68 2 3 7 3.16 4.74 6.32 9.47 31.58 8.88 4.14 20.52 228
133 10.91 7. 20 13.62 1.56 233 3.11 4.68 6.22 9.36 31.19 8.76 4.00 20.27 227
134 10.77 7.10 13.40 1.63 229 3.06 4.58 6.11 9.24 30.79 a@ 4.04 20.01 226
135 10.62 7. w 13.18 1. Eo 2% 3.00 4.51 6.01 9.12 30.37 8.50 3.99 19.75 226
- - - - --
Nm.-For L a n d Mi 888 table 13; for 2SM and MSf, tske i(of Ma with sign r e v d ; for Pi, Ri, SI,8%
8i,S4, Ti, Mm,Sa and Ssa, take d.
HARMONTG 'AXALYSIS AND PEEDIDTION OF TIDES 185
Table 11.-Values of it for equilibriunl arguments-Continued
- --
-- [Usedgn at head of dumn taken N is b M 0 m 0 and 180', rmme aim when
- - -- - N is bntween 180
-and SW] -- - - -
1 --
c
1, Ns
N h i br,
Kz I, P 00 5K kiK Mf N
',M S Ma M8 Q1
-- - -
lil
- - - - - - - - - - --
PI y
0
- - -
0 0 0 D
- - 9
- --35 3-. w ,.-51 -.01 ;tl2 10.37
0
-' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
L LO f9 19.75 25
13s IO. 62 7.00 13.18 1. w
136 io. 476.89 .96 1.48 .21 2.95 .43 .90 I. 00 D.94 %.36 I. 94 19.47
19.18
24
23
10.31 8.18 .is 1.45 .17 2. w) I 34 -79 I. 87 D.49 3.2a L88
137
.Ed 1.42 .13 a84 I. 20 .ea I. 73 D.04 3.08 1.83 ta 88 2!a
138 10.15 0.66
.26 1.39 .09 2.18 1. 18 .57 L 59 1.Ea 7.94 3.76 Is.58 21
139 9: 6a 6.55
9.81 6.43 .M 1.36 .06 273 1. OB .46 3.45 a.08 1.79 3.70 ia % a0
140 2 67 L 01 .34 130 37.68 7.64 3. G4 17.94 119
141 9.64 6.31 .77 1.34 .00
142 a. 46 6.18 .52 1.31 .9G 2 61 1.92 '.!aa 1.15 37.07 7.49 3.67 7.61 118
143 a.27 6.06 .27 1.28 .91 2. 55 1.83 .8 10 5.00 a.54 7.33 3. 60 7.27 !17
.. 01 1.25 .87 2. I 3.74 :.98 7.84 26.00 7.17 3.43 8.92 !16
144 0.08 5.93
145 8. 89 5.80 I. 74 1.22 .82 24? 3.65 I.86 1.67 5.45 7.01 a 38 0.60 n5
.78 B 3 i 3. 56 !.74 7-50 1.89 6.84 3. a0 8.20 !I4
140 am 5.66 1.48 1.19
..73 2.31 3.47 h 62 7.33 4.31 6.68 3. ai 6.82 !13
147 8.49 5. I I. 21 1.16
I. 84 1.12 .m 2% 3.37 I.50 7.16 3.73 6.51 3.14 5.44 !l2
148 La8 5.38 I.37 6.98 3. 12 6.33 3.08 5.05 Ill
149 8.07 5.24 b. 66 1.08 I. 64 2. 1s 3.28
1.06 L.59 2.15 3.18 L 24 6.80 1. 51 6.16 2.98 4.86 80
150 7.85 6.10 ). 38
151 7.68 4.95 #.10 1.03 L. 54 2.0( 3.08 1. 11 6.61 I. 88 6.98 2.w 424 m
4.80 3. 81 1.00 1.49 1.ffl 288 3.s 6.42 1.24 6.80 481 3.83 io8
1s
18
7.41
7.1E 4.66 3.52 0. BB 1.44 1.9: 2 89 3. 86 6.22 D. 59 6.61 an 3.41 107
1M 6.a 4.60 8.73 0.03 1.39 1.81 3.- 3.71 6.03 9.93 6.43 261 2. w Mw
w 2ee 3. 5f 5.62 9. as 6.24 2 51 2.54 206
' 15: 6.n 4.34 1.94 0.
0.H
1.34
1.29
1.71
1.1' 2& 3.4: 5. @ 8. E# 5.05 2 41 .2. 1( 204
15( 6.a 4.19 7.64
2. 4t3.31 5.41 7.89 4% 2% .l. a 203
15' 6.9 4. oa 7.34 0.81 1.24 1. b
7.18 4. BB 2.21 tl. 1% ma
5.91 3.87 7.04 0. n 1.19 1.5 2.31 3. It La(
1M
15! R 7, 3. M 6.74 0.W 1.14 1.5 2 % 3.w 4. Ql 6.M 446 a 11 LO. 7: a01
16l 5.41 3. M 6.43 0.7: 1.08 1.4 2. l i 1. CN 4.7i 3.75 4.28 2.Q !O. ac m
16 6. % 3.37 6.12 0. B( 1.04 1.5 2 Oi a. 7( 4.5! 6.02 4.00 1.W 9.71 199
1.3 1. Qi 2.8: 4. % 4 28 3.88 1.81 9.31 198
ld 4!3l 3. aa 5.81 0. B( D. 88
5. m 0.8: 0.83 1.2 1.N 24 4.N 3.54 3.68 1. n 8.8 167
16: 4 7 2 3.03 2.3' 3. s; 2.72 3.G 1. n 8.8: 1%
16 446 2.g 5.19 0.51 0.88 1.1 1.7!
1.68 2 l! 3. L 2.0: 3.24 1. Br 7.81 196
16 4.19 2a 4.87 0. M 0.82 1.1
4.5: 0. E 0. n 1.0 1.5 2.0, 3.4' L1.Z 3.02 1. u 7.3: 194
16 3.92 2. 5: LO.41 2 81 1.3 6.8 193
16 3.05 2.34 4.1 0.4 0.71 0.8 1.4: 1.9 3.11
16 3.38 2 1: 3.91 0.4 0. e4 0.8 1.3: 1.7 2. B 9. n 26l 1.2 6.3 192
I
17 227 1.4 2s: 0.3 0.4! 0.88 0.8 1.1 1.0 6.5
2.21 0.2 0.3% 0.51 0.7 1.0 1.7 5.7 1.5: 0.7 3.7 187
17 1.w 1.2 0.8 1.4 4.9 1.3: 0.0 3.1 186
17 1.71 1.01 1. I 0.2 0.3: 0.44 0.6
1.6 0.1 0.24 0.37 0.5 0.7 1.2 4.0 1.M 0. I 20 185
11 1.42 0.8' 3. z 0.N 0.4 2.1 184
1.14 0.71 1.3 0.1 0. a: 0.3a 0 . 4 0.5 0.9
17
0.0 0.1 0.1: 0.B 0.3 0.4 0.7 2.4 0.N 0.3 1. e 183
li 0.86 0.0
0. e 0. a 0.1 0.14 0. a 0. I 0.6 1.6 0.4 0. 5 1. c 183
11 0.57 0.3 0. a 0. I 0. : 181
11 0.29 0.1 0.3 0. a 0. O! 0.07 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8
0. a 0. o( 0. a 0. ( 0. a 0.0 .o. 0 0. ( 0. C 180
-
11 0.00 0.0
- -
0.0 0.01
- -- - - - - --
Ncrn.-Fm h and MI see Table 13; for 2SM and MSI, take u of MIwith sign revsrsed;for PI, R:, SI, Sa,
&, S,, TI,Mm, Sa, and Sm,tSge u-0.
186 U. S. oOAS!C A N D GEODETIC SURVEY
' \- -- -
Constituont
18.3' DS. 18.4' Diff. 18.5' Difi.
-
Diff.
-
18.7' Diff.
-
18.80 M.
-
..____________
JI 0.0827 -21 0.0808 -m 0.0786 -a 0.0766 -20 0.0746 -18 0.0727 -m
K,.____________ 0.0547 -13 0.0535 -12 0.0523 -11 0.0512 -13 0.0500 -12 0. a488 -11
Ks-____________ 0.1263 --22 aim -21 0.1233 -21 0.1199 -23 0.1177 -32 0.1155 -31
MI*, Ni, 2 N ____
9 . m 9 +3 9.9841
Ma ...._________
9.9758 +4 9.9762
+3 9. 9844
9.9766
+2 9.9846
9.9769
+3 9. w9
9.9773
+Z a. w 1
9.9777
+3
+4 +3 +4 +4 4-3
. Md. MN _______
9.9678 +4 9.9682 +5 9.9687 +5 9.9692 +5 9.9697 +5 9.9702 4-6
MI_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9.9516 +8 9.9524 +7 9.9531 +7 9.9538 +8 9.9546 +7 9.9553 +S
Ms_____________
~
9.9355 +lo 9.9365 +IO 9.9375 +10 9.9385 +10 9.9395 +IO 9. 9405 t1o
01.QI 2Q, P I - - - 0.0939 -23 0.0917 -31 0.0896 -23 0.0874 -21 0.0853 -21 0.0832 -21
00 _____________ 0.3139 -68 0.3070 -70 0 . m -69 0.2931 -68 0.2883 -69 0.3794 -68
Mh.. __________ 0.0386 -10 0.0376 -9 0.0367 -9 0.0358 -9 0.0349 -10 0.0339 -9
2MK___________ 0.0234 -7 0.0311 -6 0.0211 -7 0. o!m4 -7 0.0197 -1 0.0190 -6
MI_____________ 0.2039 -46 0.1992 -45 0.1948 -46 0.1903 -45 0.1868 -45 0.1818 -44
M m ____________ 9.8485 +a 9.0473 +a 9. w 1 fs 9. ggs9 fs 9.9497 +a 9.9505 +9
- --
--- -
-- --
-- - -
Diff. 19.0' Dift. 19.10 Diff. 19.2' Dlff. 19.3' DB. 19.4' , )fl.
-- - - --- - &
JI______________ 0.0707 -20 0.W7 -19 0.0668 -19 0.0649 -19 0.0630 -I9 0.0611 - 19
KI- ____________
IC,_____________
0.0477
0.1134
-12
-23
0.0465
0.1112
-12
-23
0,0453
0. logo
-11
-22
0.0443
0.101
-11 (1.0431 -12
-23 0.1045 -23
0.0419
0.1023
-11
-22
Mi*, N,, 2N ____
9.9854 +2
____ 9.9856 +3 9. 9859 +2 9.8881 +3 9.9864 +2 9.9866 +3
MI_ . _ _ _ _
99780 +a 9 . m +4 9.9788 9.9792 +4 9.9796 9. gsM) +4
MI, MN _______
___
9.9707 +5 9.9712 +5 9.9717
+4
i-6 9.9723 +5 9.0738
+4
+a 9.9733 +5
Mc_____________ 9.9661 +8 9.9669 +7 9.9576 +6 R. 9584 $8 9.9682 +7 9.9598 +8
Ma. ____________ 9.9415 +lo 9.9435 +IO 9.9435 +10 9.9445 +10 9.9455 +11 9.9468 t1o
01 QI. 2Q, pi--- a0811 -31 0.07W -a0 0.0770 -21 0.0749 -20 0.0738 -a0 0. m -21
06 ____________0.2726 -67 0.3858 -67 0.3593 -67 0.2525 -66 0.2459 -66 0.2393 -66
MK . _ _ _ _0.0330 _ _0.0321
_ _ _ -9 -9 0. 0313 -9 0.0303 -9 0.0294 -9 0.0285 -a
2MK ___________ __
0.0184 -7 0.0177 -6 0.0171 -7 0.0164 -6 0.0168 -6 0.0152 -6
MI_____________ 0.1769 -44 0.1725 -44 0.1681 -44 0.1637 -43 0.1594 -43 0.1551 -4.3
Mm __________ :-9.9514 +8 9.9522 +8 9.9530 +9 9.9539 +8 9.9547 +Q 9.9556 +s
- --
-- --
-- -- --
-
Diff. 19.6' Diff. 19.7' DB. 19.80 Diff. 19.90 DB. 20.00 )iff.
-- - -. - - - -
-18
-12
0.0574
0.0396
--1119 0.0555
0.0385
-18
-11
0.0537
0.0374
-19
-12
0.0518
0.0362
-18
-11
0. o500
0.0351
-18
-11
-23 0.0978 -2a 0.0956 -23 0.0933 -2a 0.0911 -23 0.0883 -24
+3 9.9872 +a 9.08i4 +a 9.0877 +3 9.9sso +2 9. w3 +3
+3 9.9807 +4 9.9811 +4 9. a 1 5 +a 9.9819 +4 9.9823 +4
+5 9.9743 4-6 9.9749 .+5 9.9754 +5 9.9759 +5 9.9764 +6
MI
Ms
_____________
_____________ 1 9.9607 +8
9.9476 +11
9.9615
9.9487
+8
+lo
9.9623
9.9497
+8
+I1
9.9631
9.8508
s;s
+lo
9.9639
9.9518
+8
+11
9.9647
9.9529
fs
t11
00 _ _ _ _ _
MK
ZMK ___________
I
01,QI, 2Q. PI--- 0.W -20 0.0868 -m
0.2327
____________
__ -65
_._0.2262
. . -65
0.0277
0.0146
-9
-6
0.0288
0.0140
-9
-7
0.0648
0.3197
0.0358
0.0133
-19
-65
-9
-6
0.0629
0.2132
0. ow)
0.0127
-?a
-64
-8
-6
0. oww
0.2068
0.0242
0.0121
-a0
-64
-9
-6
0.0588
0 . m
0.0?33
0.0116
-19
-64
-8
-6
_____________
.
Mf
Mm ____________ I 0.1508
9.0564
-43
+9
0.1466
9.9673
-4a
+8
0: 1423
9.9581
- -- - - - -
-43 0.1380
+8 9.9690
-42
+9
0.1338
9.9599
-41
+9
0 . 1 m -42
9. rn +Q
-
*Log *'of A 1 m vi MS 2SM and M8f are each equal to log Fof MI.
Log F of PI h; S: SZ k51 SO'TI 8% and 8sa are each are.
For log F o i b Lnd'M; & Tkble'13.
HkRMONIC ANALYSIS AND PRiEDICTION O F TIDZS 187
Table'l2.-Log factor F corresponding to every tenth of a degree of I-Con.
- - -
---- - - -
- - ---
Diff. Diff. Diff. 3.40 Diff. 20.50 lift. 20.W 3m.
- - - - - - - --
JI______________
KI_____________ 0.0340 -11
0.0489 -18 0.0464
D.'033
-17
-11
D. 0447
D. 0318
-18
-11
0.043
0.0307
-18
-11
0.0411
D. 0296
-17
-11
3.0394 -17
3.0285 -11
6, _____________ 0.0884 -23 0.0841 -23 3.0818 -23 0.0795 -24 D. 0771 -23 I. 0748 -!a
M?*, Nz. 2N-- - 9.9885 +3 8. 9888 +2 0.9890 +3 8.9893 +3 8.9896 +3 a. 9898 +a
Ma--: __________9.9827.
M4, MN _______ 9. 9770
+4 8.9831
8.9775
+4
+6
a. 9a35
a. 9781
4-6 9.9840
4-6 9.9786
-H 8. 9844
4-6 8.9792
+4
+5
a. gs48
a. 9797
$4
+6
+5
MI_____________ 9.9655 +8 8.9663 +8 8.9671 +8 9.9679 +8 D. 8887 +9 D. 9696 4-8
Ma.-.. _________ 9.9540 t1o D. 9550 +I1 8.9561 +I1 9.9572 tll 8. 9583 tll 0.9694 +11 .
QI, 38, PI--- 0.0570 -19
01. 0.0551 -3 0.0531 -19 0.0512 -I9 0.0493 -18 D. 0475 -19
00____________ O.lQ40 -63 0.1877 -63 D. 1814 -63 0.1751 -62 0.1889 -62 D. 1627 -63
MK ___________ O.OE.5 -8 0.0217 -9 D. 0208 -8 0. oacrr -9 0:0191 -8 D. 0183 -8
3MK_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0. OlOD -5 0.0104 -6 D. 0088 -6 0.0093 -6 0.0087 -5 0.0062 -6
Mf
Mm
_____________
____________ 0.1255
8.9617
-41
+9
0.1214
u. gem
-41
+9
D. 1173
8. 9635
-41
+Q
0. I132
9.9844
-41
+9
0.1091
8.9653
-40 0.1061 -41
+Q 8. 9662 +9
- --
- -- - -
- -
-- --
- -
Difl. 20.80 Diff. 29.00 DH. 21.00 21.1' 21.20 D1ff.
- -- - - - -
______________ -17 0 . m -17 - 0. o
m -16
- - - __ __ - - -
JI 0.0377 0.0343 -17 0.0326 17 -17 D. 0292
KI-- 0.0374 -11 0.0263 -11 0.0252 -11 0.m1 -11 0.om -11 D. O Z l Q -10
Ka _____________
~
0.0725 -24 0.0701 -23 0.0678 4 4 0.0654 -24 0.0630 -23 0.0807 -24
MI', Nz, 2N
Ma
____
9.9" +3
9.9862 +4
9.9904
9. gs66
+3
+4
9.9807
9.8880
+3
$4
9.9910
9.9864
+2
+5
9.9812
0.9869
+3 8. 9915
+4 9. 9873
+3
+4
Md, MN _______ 9. @SO3 +5 9. OSOE +6 9.981a +5 9. 9819 +6 9.9825 +s 8. W1 +5
MI _____________
Ms_____________ 9.9605 +I1
9.9704 +8 9.9712
9.8616
+8
+I1
9. m +9
9.9627 +12
9.9729 4-8 9.9737
8.9639 +I1 8.8650
+9
+11
9.9746
9.8681
4-8
+la
01 QI. ZQ, PI--. 0.0456 -19 0.0431 -18 0.0419 -19 0. o400 -18 0.0382 -
18 0. O W -18
06 ____________ 0.1565 -61 0.1504 -61 0.1443 -61 0.m -61 0.1321 -60 0.1261 -60
MK ____________ 0.0175 -8 0.0185 -8 0.0158 -8 0.0151 -8 0.0143 -8 0.0135 -8
2MK_____ ______ 0.0076 -5 0.0071 -6 0.0065 -5 0. oo60 -5 0. mb5 -5 0. oo50 -5
_____________ -40 0.0881 -39 -40
MI
Mm ____________ 0.1010 -40
9.9671 +9
0. og7t
9 . M
-39
+10
0.0931
a. am +Q 8.9699 +lo
0.0853
9.9709 +9
O.OSl2
9. 9718 +-3910
I . - --
- -- ---- - -
- -
---
lWL- I
21.3' Dift
-
21.4'
0. o!m
Diff
-18
21.70
0.0?11
Diff.
-16
21.8"
O.Ol95 -16
Diff.
.KI _____________
Kz _ _ _ . _ _
0.0208 -11
___
0.0583
0.01w -11 0.0187 -10
_ _ -25 0.0534 -24
0.m
-24_ _
0.0177
0.0510
-11
-24
0.0166
0.0486
-10
-24
0.0156 -11
0.0463 -24
MP, N ~ZN, ____
9.wia
Ma_____________ 9.9871
+3
+5
9.99%
9.08s:
+3
+r
9. QQz4
9. BSSB
+3
i-4
9.9827
9. gsw)
+3
+4
9. 9830
9.9894
+3
+5
9.993% +3
9.9899 $4
MI, MN _______9.9838 +a 9.984: 4-6 9.8848 +6 9.8851 +5 9.8859 4-6 9.9865 +6
M c ____________ 9.9754 +8 9. 97a +g 9.9772 +8 9.8'189 +s 9. 9789 +Q 9.8788 +8
Ma _____________ 8.9673 +I1 9.96% +la u. gsgs +11 9.9707 +lS 9.9719 +I1 9. Q730 +I2
01.QI, 2QsPI--- O.ON -1s 0.0324 -la 0.0310 -18 0. m -17 0.0375 -la 0.0257 -17
00_____________ 0.1201 --Bo 0. 1141 -59 0.1w -59 0.1023 -59 0. OQgq -58 0. q808 -58
MK ____________ 0.01zi -a 0.011( -a 0.0111 -8 0.0103 -1 00096 -a 00088 -7
2MK___________ 0.004L -5 0.004( -5 0.0035 -5 0. oo30 -5 0.0035 -4 0. 0021 -5.
MI
Mm
_____________
____________ 0.Om -38
9.97Zi +e
0.073;
9.9733:
-N
+io
0. ow6
9.9747
-38
+10
0.0658
9.9757
--3(
+IC
0. 0619
9.9767
-38 0.0581
+8 9. 9776
-37
+lo
- - - - - -
*Log F of XI, ps, YZ SM, 2SM and M8f ere each equal to log P of MI.
Log F of P! R: S; Ss 8r 86 'TI88. and 888 art.& Zero.
For log F oi b k d n d 1 & &bd 13.
188 U. S. OOAYJ! AND GEODETIC SURVEY
-7
-5
-37
0. om
Q. 8985
0.0284
-7
-4 1 -7
iQQ8l -4
-36
0.0015
Q. 8977
0.0213
-7
-4
-36
0. OOOB
0.0073
0.0176 -S6
-7
-4
o.oO01
Q.QQ6Q -3
0.0140 -36
-7
-16
9. QQ53
Q. QQ37
0.8874
+Q Q.QQ63
+la
-16
9.694Q
+lo
+13
Q.QQS
-18
-66 0.0118 -!a 0 . m -56 0. m -54 9.8953 -63 Q.W -54
-7 8. QQ87 -7 Q.W -6 Q. 8974 -7 Q. QQ67 -7 Q.gg00 -6
-4 9. QQ62 -4 9.W8 -3 Q. m5 -4 Q. 8861 -3 Q.8848 -4
-35
+I1
-
0.0068
8. ggZl
-36
+io 1 0.0034 -36
Q.rn3i +I1
-
9. QQQQ
Q. 6942
-35
+I1
-
9. QQ64 -35
Q. 8953 +11
8 . m -35
Q.M i-11
-
*Log Fof XI M, m, M8 28M snd MSf are each equal to log F of M:.
Log 4of PI R: 81 82 b 88 T:8a and 8sc. are each m.
Por log P o i L: anh M I&a Table l i
HAXNONIC ANALYSIS AND PmDICTION OF TIDES 189
7
Table 12.-Log factor F corresponding to every tenth of a degree of I - h n .
Constituent - Dlff.
-
JI______________ 9.9912 -14
-
9. 9888
-
- -- - -- - - -- --
Dift. 23.90 Dlff. 24.00 Dlff. 24.10 Difl. 24.20 m.
- - - ---
-14 9.9884 -14 9. am -13 9.9857 -14 9 . w -13
KI_____________ 9.9963 -9 9.9954 -10 9.9944 -10 9.9934 -10 9.9924 -9 9.8915 -10
Kg .____________
9.8998 -25 9.9973 -25 9.9948 -24 9.9924 -25 9.9899 -25 9.9874 -24
Mr*, Nr, 2N
Ma
____
_____________ 9.9091
9.9986
+3
+5
9.9994
9.m1
'+3
+4
9.8987
9.9996
+3
+5
0.oooo
0. m
+3
+5
0.0003
0.0005
+4
+5
0.07
0.0010
+3
+5
MI, M N _______ 9.9881 4-6 9.9987 +7 9.9694 +6 c..m +7 0.0007 4-6 0.0013 +7
MI_____________ 9.9972 +9 9.9981 +10 9. m 1 +10 0.0001 0.0010 +10 0.0020 i-10
Mo_____________
+Q
9.9062 +I3 9.9975 +13 9.9988 +I3 0. ooo1 +I2 0.0013 4-13 0.0026 f13
ol, Q, ~ Q , P ~ - - - 9.9942 -15 9.89z -16 0.9911 -16 9.8896 -16 48880 -15 9.9865 -15
00...-.-..--... 9.9846 -53 9.9793 -53 9.9740 -53 9.8687 -53 9.9634 -52 9.9582 -52
MK
2MK
____________
___________ 9.9964
9.9944
-7
-3
9.9947
9.9941
-6
-4
9.9941
9.9937
-7
-3
9.8834
9.9934
-7
-3
9.9927
9.8931
-6
-3
9.9921
9.9928
-6
-3
Mf _____________ 99.9975
Mm------------
.W -34
+I1
9. gsoo
9.9986
-35
+11
9.9825
9.9997
-34
+I2
9.9791
0. MMg
-34
+I1
9.9757
0. oom
-33
+11
9.9724
0. ow1
-34
i-12
--
- - - --
----
----
----
Diff. 29.40 Diff. 24.5O Diff. 24.6' Difl. 24.70 Diff. 24.80 )iff.
. . - - - - - -- - - - -
JI
KI
________ ._.__
_____________
~ 9.9830 -14 9. M16 -13 9.9803 -13 9..97so -13 9.0777 -13 9.9764 -13
-9 9.8896 -9 9.9887 -10 9.982 -9 9.8868 -10 9. 8858 -9
KI _____________ 9.9805
9.9850 -25 9.9826 -26 9.9800 -24 9.9776 -25 $. 9761 -25 9.9726 -35
MI', N?, 2N____ 0.0010 +3 0.0013 +3 0.0016 +4 0. oom +3 0.0023 +3 0.001 +4
Ma_____________ 0.0015 +5 0. oo20 +5 0.0025 +5 0. o030 +5 0.0035 +5 0 . w +5
Ma, MN_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0.0020 +o 0. m +7 0. o(w8 4-6 0.0039 +7 0.0046 +7 0.0053 4-6
MI_____________ O.Oo30 +Q 0.0039 +10 0.0049 +IO 0.0059 +IO 0. 00Bg +IO 0.0078 +10
Ma_____________ 0.0039 t14 0.0053 4-13 0.0066 +13 0. 0078 +13 0.0092 +13 0.0105 +14
01.81,ZQ, PI--- 9.9860 -15 9. 9835 -15 9. gam -15 9.9805 -E 9.9790 -15 9.9775 -15
00______---.__ 9.9524 -52 9.9478 -52 9.9426 -51 9.9375 -51 9.9324 -51 9.9273 -51
MK
2MK
____________
___________ 9.9915
9.9925
-6
-3
9. ggog
9.992a
-6
-3
0.9903
9.9919
-G
-3
9.9897
9.8916
-6
-2
9. 9891
9.9914
-6
-3
9.8885
9. 9911
-6
-2
Mf _____________ 9.9690 -34 9..9656 -33 9.9623 -33 9.9590 -33 9.9557 -33 9.9624 -33
Mm ____________ 0 . W 3 +I1 0.0064 +12 0.0066 +I1 0.0077 +12 0. oos9 +12 0.0101 +I1
--
- --
- - -- - -
-- -- -
-
DH. 25.0' Dift. 35.10 DIE 25.20 DW. 25.3O Diff. 25.40 >iff.
- - -- - -- - -
-13 9.97% -13 9.9720 -13 9.9713 -12 9.9701 -13 9.9685 -12
-9 9.9840 -9 9.9831 -9 9. gBaa -10 9.9812 -9 9. gso3 -9
-24 9.9657 -25 9.8652 -24 9.9625 -25 9. 9eo3 -24 9.9579 -25
MI*, NI. 2N
Ma
____ 0.0030 +3
_____________ +5 0.0050
0.0033 +3 0. m
0.m
$4 0.0040
0. oo60
+3 0.0043
0. ow5
+4 0.0047
0.0070
+3
M,, MN _______ 0.0045
0 . W +7 0.0066
+5
+7 0.0073
+5
+7 0. oo80
+5
4-6 0.00%
+5
+7 0.0083
+5
+7
Ma ._____---___.0.0089 +10 0.0088 +10 0.0108 +IO 0.0119 +I1 0.0130 +10 0:0140 +lo
Ma_____________ 0.0119 +13 0.0132 4-14 0.0146 +13 0.0159 4-14 0.0173 +13 O.OlS6 +14
BQ, PI--- 9.9760 -14
01,QI, 9.9746 -15 9.9731 -14 9.9717 -15 9.9702 -14 9. 9ssa -14
00_-_-________-9.9322 -51 9.9171 -50 9.9121 -50 9.9071 -60 9.9021 -.SI 9.8971 -49
M I . _ _ _ _9.9879 -6 _9.9872 -6 9.9867 -6 9.9861 -5 9. gS56 -6 9.9850 -6
2MK ___________
____
9.8809 -3
__
9.8906 -2 9.9go4 -3 9. geol -2 9. gs88 -2 9. ggg'l -3
MI_____________ 9. ma
Mm ____________
9.9491 -32 9.9858 -33 9.*26 -3a 9.9304 -32 -32 9.9330 -32
0.Olla +12 0.013 +12 0. ,0136 +la 0.0148 +12 O.Ols0 +12 0.0172 4-13
I-.. _.. ... .^ - -
... .. -. --.. - - - -
'Log F of XI, m, R, M 251 and 8 Iare each equal to log F d MI.
Log F o f P i RI SI S,
For log F oi LI bd
c,,
s T:;'Sa,
s e e l ,ble13.
and 8sa nre each zero.
24603741-13
190 U. S. OOAST AND GEODETIC STJXVEY
Ji
K,
______________
_____________
9.9741 -9
9.9604 -12 9.959a -12
9.9m -8
9.9580
9.9734
-11
-9
B. 9580 -12
8.9715 -9
9.9557 -11
9.9706 -8
9.9546 -11
9.9698 -9
hr_-___________
9.9408 -24 9.9382 -25 9.9357 -34 0.9333 -2.5 9.9308 -24 9.9284 -24
MI*, NI, 2N
MI___..________
____
0.0071 +3 0.0074
0.0106 4-6 0.0112
+1 0.0078
0.0117
+3
+5
D. 0081
0.0122
+4
+6
0.0085
0.0128
+r
+5
0.0089
0.0133
+3
+5 +5
MiMN _ _ _ _ _0.0142
_ _ _ . +7 0.0149 +7 0.0156 +7 0.0163 +7 0.0170 +7 0.0177 +7
MI
Ms
_____________
0.0213 +10
_____________
0.om +I1 0.0234 +lo
0.0312 +14
0.0244
0.0336
+I 1 0.0255 +11 0.0266 +I1
0.0354 +15
0.0283 +15 0.02s 4-14 4-14 0.0340 +14
01,QI, ~Q.PI--- 9.9590 -13 9.9577 -14 9.9563 -14 9.9549 -13 9.9536 -13 9.9523 -14
OO------------- 9 . 8 6 3 -48 9.8581 -45 9.8533 -47 9.8486 -4s 9.8438 -47 9.8391 -47
MK
2MK
____________
___________ 9.9812
9.M3
-6
-2
9.m 7
9.8881
-6
-1
9.9802
9.gsso
-5
-3
9.9797
8.9878
-5
-1
9.9792
9.9877
-5
-2
9.9787
9.8875
-5
-1
MI_____________
Mm ____________
9.'9110 -31 9.9079 9.9048 -31 9.9017 -30 9.8987 -30 9.8857 -31
0.0259 4-13 0.0272 7:; 0.0385 4-13 0.om +I2 0.0310 +I3 0.0323 +I3
I . -- - -- - --
--- --
L"i1: Diff.
-
-11
26.8'
9.9524
Diff
-
-12
26.90
9.9512 -11
Diff,
- -
27.0'
9.9501
Diu.
-
-11
27.10
9.wo
Diff
-
-11
27.20
9.9479
Diff.
-
-10
-8 9.9681 -9 9.9672 -8 9.9604 -8 9.9656 '-9 9.9647 -8
-25 9.9235 --Y 9.9211 -24 9.9ls1 -25 9.9162 -24 9.9138 -24
_____________-
Mt*, NI, 2N.-. +4 0.m +4 0.0103
0.0092 +3 0.0099 +4 0.0107 +3 0.0110 +4
MI 0.0149 4-6 0.0155 O.Ols0 +e 0.0166
MI, MN.-. ____ 0.0138
O.OlS4
+6
+8
0.0144
0.0192
+5
+1 0.0199 +7 0.om
+5
+7 0.0213 + 0.0221
+5
+7
+lo 0.0287 +I1 0.0298 +I1 0.ow +I1 0.0320 +I] 0.0331 +11
+I4 0.0383 +E 0.0398 4-14 0.0412 ,+I5 0.0427 4-14 0.0441 4-15
-13 9.9496 -13 9.9483 -13 9.94n -13 9.9457 -13 9.9444 -13
-47 9.897 -47 9.8250 -47 9.8% -46 9.8157 -4t 9.8111 -46
'- 5 9.9777 4 9.9772 -5 9.97% -5 9.9762 -4 9.9758 -6
-2 9.9872 -1 9.9871 -1 9.88x -1 9.0809 -1 9.9868 -1
.
'
MI _____________ 9.8926 -30 9.8898 --3( 9.8866 --29 9.883i -30 9.Bsol -x 9.8717 -29
Mm ____________ 0.0336 +14 0.0350 +I3 0.0363 +13 0.037t 4-13 0.0388 4-14 0 . m 4-13
--- -- - - - - --
'Log F of ka, I, I,MS,28M, and M8f am each equal to log B,ot 1
Log Fof PI 4, 91 8; 81 88 TI 8 s and Bsaareeach m.
For log F oi La 'sd dl& T'ablk 13 :
HARMONIC ANIALYSIS AND PRiEMCTION OF 'MDES 191
Table 12.-Log factor F corresponding t o eoery tenth of a degree o f I-Con.
- - -
_I
Constituent
Diff. 27.4' Diff.
--
27.5'
-I
Diff.
-
27.7O
i Dift.
-:I
9.79s
::E
-45
-5
-1
9.7883
9.9735
9.-
I -45
-4'
0
-29 9.8719 -29
7-
Conatituent
4-14
-
DH.
-
0.0430
-
27.9'
+14
-
DH,
-
28.20 Diff.
9.8416 -11
9.9599 -9
9.8884 -24
9.9405
9.9590
9.8970
-I
-2
-24
::= 1
-la
-7
9.8W -24
9.9375
9.9567
9.8808
-10
-8
'-24
o. 0136
0.0133
0.0199
0.0285
+3
4-6
+p
0.0205
0.0273
E
+7
0.0148
0.0222
0.0295
+4
+5
+8
,
I I Diff.
I
I
28.30 '1 Diff. 28.40 28.50 Diff. a8.6'
-- -- -
9.9355 -10 9.9345 -10 9.9335
9.9551 -8 9.9643 -8 9.9635
9.8850 -24 9.8826 -23 9.8803
0.0155 .+4 0.0159 +4 0.0163
0.0233 +6 0.0239 4-6 0.0246
0.0311 +7 0.0318 4-8 0.03%
0.0466
0.0621
9.9294
I +l2
+le
-12
0.0478
0.0637
9.9282
+11
4-15
-12
0.0489
0.0653
9.9270
9.7571 -44 9.7527 -44 9.7483
9.8706 -4 9.9702 -4 9.9888
9*m21
9.8862
0.0570
0
+14
9.9862
9.8404
0.0684
-28
+16
0 9.8862
9.8376
0.0599
-
*LogF of Xr, m m, M8 and M8f are each eqnal to log F of Mi.
Log F d PI R9 81 82'8, 86 TI Sa, and 8SS are each m.
For log F 0; Li 'md GI& $abd 13.
192 U. S. OOASW AND QEODFTIC SURVEY
Table 13.-Values of u and log F of Ir, and MI for years 1900 to 2000
- - - -
-1
I
N DKf. u of Mi Diff. Diff. N
- --- UOfL
-- Log F ( L i
-- -- LO.&! P (MI) Dift.
0 0 ' 0 . D
0
1914 330 -18. 7 4.4 ma 5 10.9 9.8730 447 9.7061 643 330
1916 385 -14.3 5.5 aig. 4 9.9283 9.8384 335
3% -a 8 234.0 140 9. s988 a85 699
5.9 19.5 153 9 . m 320
315 -2. 9 253.5 9.8835 9.9507 674
310 +3.0 6. 9
5.0 270.3 23.3 9.8815 m 9.9741 174 315
310
21.0 108 310
1910 305 +S. 6 5.0 307.9 17.0 9.8923 230 9. wa5 581 305
300 4-13.6 3.8 314.9 12. s 9.9153 9.8844 800
295 4-17.4 327.4 9.9499 346 9 . w 800
2. 2 9.4 449 500 295
1917 ago +19. 0 0. 2 336.3 9. 9948 9. 7738 280
385 +l9. 4 344.3 7.5 0.0458 510 370
3.2 6.3 430 0.7388 285
as0 +10.1 3W. 0 0.0954 9.7lX1 23s 280
275 +9. 0 0.5 350. 2 6.6 351 111
7.9 5. 2 0.1305 03 9. mi8 275
15
1918 an,
205
+l. 7
-6.4 7.1 1.4
0.0 5. 2 0.1388
0.1141 227 9.7038 134 am
4.4 5.6 401 9.7107 285
m -9.8 1.8 12.1 0.0 0.0740 440 9. 7419 253
3m as0
255 -11.0 0.4 18.1 0. o300 9.7789 255
7.1 398 488
1919 a50 -11.2 1.8 25.2 9. 9902 9.8375 a50
245 -9.4 33.3 8.0 9.9583 3x7 584
as 11.3 234 9 . w 670 245
240 -6.8 3.1 45.0 14.5 9.9348 9.9539 aro
235 -3.7 a.5 9. 9m 148 0.0303 604
3.2 ia a 07 493 a36
1924I !Bo -0.5 3.1 77.7 !a.2 9.9133 0 n. 0696 134 230
a25 +26 2 8 97.9 18.8 9.9159 0.0830 a26
71 250
?a0
215
+5.4
+7.0 22 110.7
131.8 15.1 9.9210 138 0.0580
467 aao
1.0 11.5 9.9338 174 0.0113 215
510
1921 210
205
*. 2
+lo. 1 0.9 143.3
152 2 8. 9 8.9512
9.9721 208 9.8803
9.9141 482 210
0.0 7.0 227 206
m +lo. 1 1.1 159. 2 5.9 9. 9948 324 9.8780 381
a84 m,
195 +e. 0 2. 0 10h 1 5.0 0.0172 190 9.8460
m 196
l9aa 1w) +7.0 im. 1 0.0988 9.8257 190
186 +4. 1 29 174.8 4.7 0. om 141 130
3.5 4.4 88 9.8127 185
180 +O. 6 179. a 0.0572 9.8073 54 180
175 -2 9 3.5 la3.5 4.9 0.0545 n 9.8095 22
175
3. 2 '4.5 113 97
1933 im
185
-6.1
-8.5 2. 4 168.0
Isa 9 4. 9 0.0432
0.0253 '179 9.8192 170 im
1.4 5.0 218 9. 8338 250 105
180 -9.9 198.6 0.0035 9.8837 180
0.4 0.5 231 347
1924 155 -10.3 2415.0 8.9801 9.8974 166
150 -9.8 0.5 213.2 8. 2 9. 9584 z!m 9.8407 433 150
145 -a4 1.4 223.0 10.4 I91 4QQ
2.1 13.9 9.9393 148 9.9m6 4!38 146
140 -6.3 2. 6 237.6 17.6 9. 9246 94 0.0404 140
351
1825 135 -3.7 255.1 9.9151 0.0755 135
130 -0.7 3.0 275.3 m.2 9. 9121 30 0.0704 9 180
125 +2 6 3.3 294. 0 19.3 9.9188 43 387
3. 2 15.9 121 0.0377 1%
im +r 8 2.9 310.5 122 9. 9384 207 9.9740 631
888 130
19%
. .
115 +a 7 2. 2 3za.7 9.4 9.9491 296 . 9.Q063 0% 115
110 +lo. 9 0. Q 832.1 7.6 9.9787 9.8437 110
105 +ll. 8 339 7 0.0107 380 9.7913 5% 105
100 +lo. 9 0. 9 3460 0.3 440 409
3.0 5.7 0.0607 434 9. 7503 100
280
1927 95 +7.3 351.7 0.1041 9.7213 95
90 H.9 0.4 357.0 5.8 0.1347 300 173
8. 1 5.2 34 9. m41 53 90
85 -7.1 7.3 2. 2 0.1381 9. 8889 85
5.4 270 71
80 -14 5 4.4 7.6 e. o 0.1106 475 9. rnm m 80
1938 75
m
-a9
-20. o 1.1 13.6 7.1 0.0830 525 9. m 333 75
05 -18.4 ' 1.0 20.7 8.7 0.0105 477 9. 7592 400 m .
3.4 29.4 11.4 9. 96% 383 8.8058 05
80 -15.0 40.8 9.9245 9.8637 579 80
4.7 15.5 ass 809
1929 65 -10.3 50.3 8.6977 9.9% 55
50 -4.8 5.5 70.7 m.4 9.8831 146 9.9077 431 50
45 +l. 1 5. 9 99.7 23.0 9.8811 m 9.9684 13 46
40 +7.1 0.0 im.6 m.9 9.8933 112 9.9184 dB0
40
- - -
194 U. S. 00- AND GEODETfC SURVEY
40
35
i7.1
+la. 8
I 5.7
--
I(
0
of MI
im.6
136.7
Diff.
16.1
-I
Jog F ( h )
9.8923 1
Diff.
252
hg F (MI )
-- --
9.0184
I Diff.
686
N
0
40
9 9175
30
25
4-17.8
+m.9 :: 148.6
157.6
11.9
.9.0 9:9576
0.0134 . :!;
9.8498
9.78%
9.7270 !z 35
30
25
1931
20
15
+21.3 :: , 165.0
171.3
7.4
6.3 0 . w ;;: 9.6850 ' &y 20
10
5
177.0
182.6
5.7
5.6 ::2%
0.2318
588 9.8569
9.64%
9.6431 14;
' 15
10
5
10.6 5.8 ' 5
; ,%
1932 0 -17.8 188.4 0.1646 9.6550 0
6.3
355 -22.3 ;: 194.7 7.3 0.0865 9.6817 :546
E 365
1933
350
345
340
-22.0
-u.7
-13.8
;:;
202.0
211.1
233.1
9.1
12.0
0.0145
9.9569
9.9157
:z 9.7225
9.7771
9.8433
e82
350
345
340
336
330
-7.9
-1.6 g 239.3
260.3
16.2
21.0 9.8895
9.8776 '19 9.9110
9.9578
677 335
330
325 44.6 ki a83.6 23.2
20.4 9.8794 li; 9.9572 44! 3%
1934 330 +IO. 5 303.9 9.8945 9.9123 320
315
310
4-15.6
+19.5
5'1
:l.l
319.5
330.9
15.6
11.4
a83 9.8490 ; 315
1935
305
300
4-21.4
4-20.3
339.6
346.7
8.7
7.1
0.0752
9.7896
.9.7418
9.7078
:z 310
305
300
395
290
4-15.4
4-6.9 i:: 352.8
358.3
6.1
5.5
5.4
0.1302
0.1618 i!: 9.6874
9.8803
204
71 295
290
385 -2.5 ;: 3.7 5.4 0.1548 3; 9.6359
ls": 285
1936
. 6.0
a80
275
270
-793:
-13.5
; 3.6
!2,9
:
9.1
15.1
21. 7 6.6
0.1155
0.0625
0.0129
530
:;:
9.7039
9.7349
9.i777 :; 280
275
a70
1937
265
260
-11.9
-9.0
29.8
40.2
'
8.1
10.4 9.9711
9.9398
,
1939
225 4-11.8 ;: 151.6 7.4 9.9698 2; 9.8952 iz 225
220 +ll.S 159.0 9.9960 9.8569 220
215
210
4-10.7
+8.3 ki
3.3
165.2
170.5
6.2
5.3
4.7,
0.0216
0.0432
256
;lt
9.8285
9.8099 ;1
215
210
1940 205 4-5.0 175.2 0.0573 9. m 3 205
200 3.8 179.7 4.5 0.0617 44 9.7889 l3
195 2::; S.6 184.2 4.5 0.0561 56 9.8057 " 200
195
190 -5.5 ;:; 188.7
*
4.5
4.9 0.0422 9.gaoz ;g 190
1941 ,145 193.6 6.5 0.om 9.8425 301 185
180 199.1 6.5 0.0010 219 9.8726 180
175 35.6 9.9791 9.9107 381 175
1942
170
165
213.5 7.9
10.I 9.9591 E 9.9564
;;; ,170
223.6 13.0 9.9420 0.0077 165
130
160
155
236.6
253.2 16.6
19.2
9.9290
9.9307 83 0.0586
0.0966 i: 160
155
1943
150 272.4 18.9 9.9176 0.1044 2 1W
, 145 291.3 16.0 9.9204 91 0.0745 145
140 307.3 9.9385 0.0182 563 140
135
130
319.8
329.6
12.5
9.8
7.7
9.9455
9.9685 ;E
297
9.9530
9.8906
652
E
135
130
1944 125 337.3 9.9982 9.8364 1%
6.5 34g
120
115
343.8
349.4 5.6
5.2
3m
306
9.7923
9.7589 g
225
120
115
110 354.6 0.1002 9.7364 110
- -
HARMONTC AN'AL-SSIS AhTD PREDICTION OF TIDES 195
,Table 13.-Values o f u and l o g F o f Lp and M Ifor years 1900 to WOO-Con.
-
--- - - --
u of LI Diff. Dlff. Log. F (Li Dlff. hg F (M Die. N
- --
0 0 0
.Table 13.- Values of u and log F of La and MIfor years 1900 to 2000-Con.
-
- -
-- -
- --
-
N
- -- - - --
Year
0
uofb
Diff. UofMi Diff. Log B (LI) Dlff. -0g F.(Mi
0 0
Diff. N
-
0
I .
1959 180 -4.4 2.1 237.7 16.4 9.9299 0.0692 180
71 404
1980 175 -2.3 2.3 254.1 18. 6 9.9228 0.1m 175
170 0.0 272.7 9.9207 21 0.1203 107 170
165 +2.3 2.3 291.0 1%3 9.9237 30 0.0951 352
2. 2 15.6 83 507 lG5
160 +4.5 2.0 306.6 13.3 9.930 0.0444 160
137 603
1961 155 +e.5 1.6 318.9 9.6 9.9457 191 9.8841 155
150 +8.1 328.5 9.9648 9.9352 588 150
I
145 +8.9 0.8 336.1 7.6 242 523
0.2 6.4 Q.gSW
380 9.8739 435 145
0. oim
1962
;f
140 +~.7
+7.2
+4.1
1.5
3.1
342.5
345.1
353.2
5.6
5.1 0.0465
0.0728
285
363
9.8394
9.7950
9.7103
344
247
140
135
130
125 -0.6 4.7 358.0 4.8 168 149
5.4 4.9 0.0894 8 9.7554 47 125
1963 5.0 2. 9 5.1 o.oBo2 9.7507 120
ao O.Oi33 169 9.7565 58 115
3.5 13.6 5.6 305 170
1
1.5 6.6 0.0428 370 9.7736 a80 110
0.5 m. a 8.1 0.0058
368 9.8035 412 105
1964 ion
E -15.5
-13.4
-10.1
2.1
3.3
2s. 3
38.8
52.9
10.5
14.1
9.9680
9.9370
9.9125
320
245
9.8437
9.8956
9.9523
510
537
loo
95
w)
85 -5.9 4. 2 71.6 18.7 9.8969 153 465
4.8 22.1 48 9.9888 61 85
1965 80 -1.1 5.1 93.7 21. 2 9.8921 0.0049 80
75 +4.0 114.9 9.8981 60 9.8657 392 75
70 +9.o 5.0 131.9 17.0 9.9161 180 066 70
4.3 12. 8 309 9.8991 703
85 +la3 3.3 144.7 9.6 Q. 9470 9.8289 65
447 615
1866 en +l6.6 1.4 154.3 7.. 7 9.9917 581 9.7674 489 60
55 +17.9 2.0 162.0 6.5 0.0498 675 9.7185 55
50 -I-15.9 168.6 0.1173 9.6832 353 50
45 +8.9 7.0 174.3 5.8 0.1795 622 9.0614 218
11.5 5.5 274 85 45
1967 40 -2.6 11.6 179.8 0. ?oGB 9.6529 40
35 -14.2 185.4 5.6 0.1786 a93 9.6577 48 35
30 -21.2 7.0 191.4 6.0 0.1135 661 I 9.6759 183 30
25 -%.1 1.9 198.2 6.8 0.0418 717 9.7081 332 25
1.8 8. 2 6% 464
1968 4.1 m 4 10.6 9.9794 9.7545 20
217.0 9.9310 48.4 9.8137 593 15
5.4 231: 3 14.3 9.8975 335 666 10
6.2 19. 2 1W 9.8803 567
6.5 250.5 23.0 9.8785 50 9.9370 185 5
1969 273.5
350
$S!
4-13.5
6.5
61 295.7
313.4
22.2
17.7
9.8735
9.8828
9.9058
91
a32
9.9555
9.9227
9. 8603
328
6%
0
355
350
5.1 13.0 379 657
1070 3.6 326.4 9.9437 9.7940 345
330.3 9.8 9.9965 528 9.7388 558 340
0.9 343.9 7.7 0.0638 683 423
3.3 6.5 737 9.6905 !?a2 335
8.7 350.4 5.9 0.1355 9.6883 330
503 143
1971 356.3 0.1938 9.6540 325
la 2 1.8 5.5 0.2058 121 9.6531 9 320
10.6 7.4 5.6 0.1643 416 9.6656 1% 315
5.4 13.4 6.0 0.0974 009 9.6912 256 310
0.9 6.8 ,001 393
1972 20.2 0.0313 9.7305 305
21 28.4 Ra 9.9767 546 9.7833 528 a00
3.7 38.8 10.4 9.9359 408 9.8483 649 296
4.7 14.0 9. m 271 709
5.1 52.8 18.5 143 9.9191 611 m
19i3 285 -2.4 5.1 71.3 22.0 9.8945 9. 9802 286
280 +27 93.3 8.8019 26 0.0058 356 280
275 +7.3 4.6 . 114.9 21.6 9.9005 86 9.9834 224 275
a70 4-11.3 4.0 132.0 17.1 9.9188 183 9.9326 508 270
3.1 12.8 274 588
1974 266 +14.4 144.8 9.9w 9.8780 365
260 +16.0 1.6 154.5 Q. 7 9.9805 343 9.8388 491 as0
256 +15.9 0.1 162.1 7. 0.0185 380 9.7895 374 255
260 +la7 2.2 168. a a. 0.0549 364 9.7642 253 a50
- -- - --
HIIRNIONIC AWALYSIS AND PREDICTION O F TIDES 197
Table 13.-Values o f u and l o g F o f Laand MI for years 1900 to 2000-Con.
- - --
- - -- - -
--
Diff. (Ld Diff. F (MI) Difl. N
-
Yea1 N
-
u of L2 Diff. u 01 &I1 Log F
I- - Log
--- --
0 0 0
0
1974 7.50 +13.7 188.3 5.5 O. 0549 274 9.7642 134 2.60
4.1
1975 245 +9. 6 173.8 5.0 0.0823 116 9.7508 a2 !a6
240
5.4 178.8 0.0938 9.7M 240
+4. 2 5.3 4.8 68 83
235 -1.1 183.6 0.0871 9.7588 183 235
4.2 4.9 0.0660
211 9.7761 330
230 -5.3 2.7 188.5 5.3 286 2%
1976 2% -8.0 193.8 5.8 0.0374 300 9.8033 378 335
29 -9.0 1.0 199.6 0.0074 9.8411 a20
0.2 6.8 273 471
216. -8.8 1.1 mti 4 a3 9.9801 228 9.ssR2 554 215
210 -7.7 214.7 9.9573 174 9.9436 606 310
1.8 10.5
1977 205 -5.9 225.2 13.5 9.9389 118 0.0042 588 m
200 -3.7 2.2
23 338.7 16.8 9.9281 63 0.0631 439 m
196 -1.4 255.5 18.7 9.9318 10 0.1MO 128 195
a4
1978 190 4-1.0 22 274.a ia 1 9.9203 40 0.1189 228 190
185 +3.2 292 3 15.3 9.9248 89
0.0871 469 186
180 +5. 2 2.0
1.7 307.6 11.9 9.9337 135 0.om 553 180
175 +6.9 319.5 9.m72 9.9949 536 175
1.2 9.3 177
1979 170 +a 1 0.5 328.8 7.4 9.9649 n3 9.9413 477 im
165 +a6 336.2 9.8862 237 9.8936 398 166
0.3 6.2
180 +a 3 1.4 342.4
347.8 6.4 0. oogo
0.0340 241 9.8538
9.8731 317 160
165
155 +6.9 2.6 4.9 213 233
lW 150 +4.3 352.7 0.0553 143 9.7989 147 150
145 +O. 6 3.7 357.3 4.6 0.0696 9.7842 145
4.3 1.9 4.6 0.0729 33 9.7783 59 140
140 -3.7 4.3 4.8 89 33
135 -8.0 6.7 5.2 0.0630 314 9.7816 131 135
3.4
1981 130 -11.4 11.9 6.0 0.0418 as7 9.7947 237 13U
-13.4 2. 0 17.9 0.0128 9.8184 125
125 7.1 312 349
120 -13.8 0.4
1.0 25.0 9.0 9.9817 a83 9.8533 457 im
115 -12. 8 34.0 120 9.9524 246 9.8890 533 115
23
1982 110 -10.5 46.0 16.0 9.9278 177 9.9523 508 110
105 -7.3 3.2 62.0 9,9101 0.0031 105
3.9 20.1 96 0.0307 276 100
100 -3.4 4.3 82 1 21.7 9.9008 2 161
95 +o. 9 4.4 103.8 19.1 9.8004 100 0.0146 649 96
1993 w) +5.3 4.2 132.9 14.7 9.9104 211 9.9597 703 90
85 +9.5 137.6 11.1 9.9315 330 9.8894 676 85
80 4-13.0 3.5 148.7 9.9645 9.8218 80
2.3 157.3 8.6 0.0099 454 9.7646 572 75
75 +15.3 0.1 7.0 580 445
1984 m +15.4 3.4 164.3 6.1 0.0659
0.1263 604 9.7201
9.6889 312 70
65
65 +12.0 7.8 170.4 5.6 478 183
60 +4.2 176.0 0.1741 9.6706 54 Bo
10.8 5.4 98
1W 65 -6.6 181.4 5.6 0.1839 365 9.6652 n 55
50 -16. 2 9.6 187.0 0.1474 9.6738 50
5.3 193.2 6.2 0.0849 635 9.6941 212 45
46 -21.5 0.9 7.1 650 350
40 -22 4 2.3 m.3 a7 0.0189 560
9.7291 490 40
1W 35 -20.1 209.0 11.4 9.9639 428 9.7781 614 35
30 -15.9 4.2 m.4 8.8210 9.8395 30
5.6 m.1 16.7 9.85% 290 9.m 5 640 25
25 -10.4 6.2 20.5 152 471
20 -4. 2 236.6 a3.4 B. 8768 14 9.9% 13 20
6.5
19% 15 +2. 3 280.0 21.0 9.8754 126 9.9524 456 1s
10 +8. 6 6.3 301.0 9.88l?O a. 9068 10
5.9 317.3 16.3 9.9150 270 9.8400 688 5
5 4-14.5 4.9 11.9 433 650
0 +?9.4 328.2 9.1 9.9573 579 9.7750 535 0
3.2
l9N 355 4-B.6 33s.3 7.3 0.0151 717 9.7215 395 365
350 +22 7 0.1 345.6 0.0868 9.6820 3110
4.6 6.3 761 9.6565 255 345
345 +IS. 1 10.7 351.9 6.8 0.lsas 536 114
340 +7.4 357.7 5.6 0.2165 39 9.6451 18 340
13.4
198$ 335 -6.0 3.3 5.1 0.2126 573 9.6469 154 235
330 -15.8 9.8 9.0 0.1553 9.8633 830
4.0 15.2 6.2 0.m 744 9.6912 as9 325
325 -19.8 0.4 7.3 677 428
320 -19.4 22.5 0.0132 9.7341 320
- - -
198 [J. S . C O k AND GEODETIC SW'RVEY
1889
1990
N
0
320
315
rof
-19.4
-16.4
Ln Dlff.
- --
3.0
4.6
MiLOf
22: 5
31.5
=F
Diff.
9.0
11.7
Log F(Ld
0.0132
9.9595
Diff.
-
537
386
9.7341
9.7906
Diff.
--
565
676
N
0
320
315
310 -11.8 5.3 43.0 15.8 9.9209 242 9.8552 694 310
305 -6.5 5.6 50.0 3.5 9.8967 lM 9.9276 305
300 -0.9 79.5 9.8858 9.9776 500 a00
5.5 22.4 , 17 51
lQ9l 395 +4.6 5.1 102 2 m. 4 9.8876 135 9. ge27 295
290 +9. 7 122.6 9. 9011 9.9433 394 a80
285 4-14.0 4.3 138.2 15.0 9. U257 246 585
3.0 11.5 344 9 . m ,565 285
280 4-17.0 1.3 149.7 8.9 9.9601 428 9. sa83 464 380
1992 275 t l 8 .3 1.0 158.0 6.9 0. ooa9 450 9.7819 275
270 4-17.3 165.5 0.0479 9.7493 826 270
265 +13.6 3.7 171.5 6.0 0.0887 408 9. law) 203
5.9 5.4 250 79 265
1'293 280 +7.7 6.9 176.9 5.1 0. im 10 ' 9.7211 33 280
255 +o. 8 5.8 182 0 5.0 0. I147 314 9.7249 151 255
250 -5.0 3.6 187.0 5.4 0.0833 342 9.7400 262 250.
245 -8.6 1.6 192 4 5.9 0.0581 373 9.7602 , 2 4 5 .
371
1M 240 -10.2 0.3 198.3 6.9 0.0218 340 9. m 3 417 340
235 -9.9 1.4 205.2 8.3 9.9878 280 9.8510 215
230 -8.5 213.5 9. 9598 9. @Is6 576 230
a25 -6.4 2. 1 224.1 10.6 9.9388 209 645
2.6 13.3 137 9.8131 641 226
1995 220 -3.8 31.9 9.9252 0.0372 a20
- 215 -1.1 27
27 255.1 17.2
19.4 9.9193 69
6 0. os68 496
173 215
210 4-1.8 0.5 274.5 18.6 9.9177 51 0.1041 202 210
35 +4.1 2.1 m3. 1 15.4 9.9328 102 0.0839 444 205
1996 ?oo +a 2 1.7 308.5 11.9 9.9330 147 0.0385 519 200
195 +7.9 1.0 3%. 4 9.3 9.9477 184 9.8876 494 195
190 w.9 0.3 329.7 7.3 9.9661 ?OB 9.9382 427 190
185 +9.2 0.6 337.0 6.0 9.8870 221 9.8955 185
348
1997 ' 180 +8. 6 1.6 343.0 5.3 0.0091 21 1 9.8607 Is0
175 +7.0 348.3 0.0302 9.8338 ?68 175
170 +4.5 2.6 353.0 4.7 0.0477 175 9.8148 191
3.3 4.5 109 113 170
165 +I. 2 3. 7 357.5 4.4 0.0588 19 9.8035 165
36
1898 160 -2 5 3.6 1.9 4.5 0.0605 81 9.7999 160
155 -6.1 6.4 0.0524 9. Pa44 45 155
150 -9.1 3.0 11.3 4.0 0.0355 169 9.8174 130
2.0 5.6 211 a21 150
145 -11.1 0. 7 16.9 6.5 0.0124 2% 9.8395 319 146
1888 140 -11.8 0.4 31.4 8. 1 9.8860 253 9.8714 416 140
135 -11.4 1.5 31.5 10.5 9.8613 224 9.9130 497 135
130 -9.9 2.4 42. 0 13.9 9.9389 174 9.9627 514 130
2oM) 135 -7.5 3. 1 55.9 18.0 9.9215 112 0.0141 375 125
la0 -4.4 ' 3.5 73.9 20.9 9.9103 37 0.0516 24 120
115 -0.9 3.7 94.8 19. 9 9.9068 45 0.0540 388 115
110 4-28 114.7 9.9111 0.0142 110
- --
HABMONIC AhT!ALYSIS AND PREDICTION O F D E S 199
Table 14.-Node factor f for middle of each gear, 1850 to 1999
- -
- - - -
-- -
Constituent 1, 1850 1851 3862
-
1854 . 1855
- -- 1858 1857
- --
1858 1859
I
1.300 1.185 2004 2.286 1.666 1.227 1.998 2.2691 1.645
Ms',N?, 2N,XI,P I ,m- 1.013 1.000 0.m 0.977 0.969 0.964 0.963 0.967 0.074 0.984
Ma ___________________
1.019 1.001 0.982 0.966 0.954 0.947 0.946 0.951 0.961 0.976
MI, MN _____________1.0% 1.001 0.976 0.955 0.939 0.930 0.9% 0.935 0.949 0.968
Mu . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
1.039 ___
1.001 0.965 _ _ _0.910
_ _0.933
M I___________________ 1.052 1. ooa 0.953 0.912 0.881
0.896
0.864
0.894
0.862
0.804 0.9%
0.874 0.900 I 0.953
0.938
01,Qi,2Q, pi_________ 0.858 1.0% 1.080 1.127 1.161
00___________________ 0.858 1.067 1. a80 1.500 1.680
1.179
1.764
1.182
1.779
1.168
1.708
1.140
1.563 I 1.098
1.366
MK
2MK
__________________
_________________ . 0.987
1.000
1.014
1.015
1.037
1.025
1.054
1.030
1.065
1.032
1.071
1.032
1.072
1.039
1.068 1.059
1.032 1.031
1.044
1.027
MI....
Mm
_______________
__________________ 0.907
1.043
1.044
1. m
1.181
0.957
1.30
0.919
1.3W
n. 891
1.442
0.874
1.450
0.872
1.413
0.884
1.335
0.m
1.224
0.943
- --- - --
*Factor/of MS 9SM and MSf are each equal to lactorfof M I .
Factor / of PI, d ~SI,
, b ~SI,, 66, T I , Sa, and Ssa are each unity.
200 U. S'. COAST AND QEODETJCD SURVEY
JI ....................
KI________.___________
1.021 0.w 0.949 0.914
1,047 0.991 0.932 0.878 0.840
0.m
0.827
0.882
0.841
0.891
aw 0.934
0.915 0.950
0.994
0. ggo
Kz 1.048 0.951 0.886 0.800 a 780 0.748 0.762 0.803 0.869 0.955
LI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MI ___________________I 1.246
1.048
I. om
1.528
0.786
1.824
0.944
1.529
1.152
0.9n
1.171
0.877
1.008
1.3M
0.824
1.721
0.945
1.593
1. om' 1.020
1.205 .
1.076
'I
MI', Nz, ah', A a , p ~R. 0.996 1.008 1.020 1.030 1.036 1.038 1.036 1.008
Ma
MI, MN
___________________
_____________ 0.994
0.992
1.013
1.017
1.031
1.041
1.045
1.080
1.054
1.073
1.057
1.077
1.054
1.073
1.044 1.030
1.060 1.040
1.012
1.016 .
1.0% 1.062 1.093 1.111 1.118 1.111 1.091 1.081 1.024
1.035 1.084 1.124. 1.151 1.160 1.150 1.123 1.082 1.033
_________ 1.043
01.QI,24, PI
00_-________________-
a980
1.144 0.928
0.918
0.739
0.860
0.599
0. Rm
0.513
0.806
0.486
0.821
0.516
0. 862 0.919
0.604 0.746
0.983
0.930
MK __________________
2MK _________________
1.023
1.010
0.697
1.005
0.968
0. gps
0.941
0.969
0.933
0.955
0.015
0.950
0.9a
0.955
0.942 0.9m
0.970 0.988
0.998
1. om
0.953 a 823 0.717 0.649 0.6% 0.651 0.721 0.828 0.958
1.028 1.068 1. loa 1.124 1.131 1.123 1.101 1.007 1.026
-- -- --
- -
-- -
constituent 1 ISW 1891 m2 1893
-
1894 1895 1896 1897
--
1888 1899
-I
1.096 1.132 1.155 1.165 1.163 1.146 1.118 1. on 1.0%
1.082 1.058 1.105 1.112 1.110 1.099 1. m 1.054 1.012
1.148 1.230 I. 289 1.316 1.305 1.267 1.197 1.108 1.010
0. 709 0.683 1.185 1.219 0. i04 0.6437 1.141 1.229 0.897
a 091 2. 158 1.434 1.369 2.176 a240 1.471 1.166 1.781
Ma*, NI, 2N, Aa, us, n- 0. gwI 0.884 0.974 0.967 0.963 0.964 0.989 0.978 0.989 1.001
Mz . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _0.961
_ _ _0.976
0.993 _ _ _ 0.950 0.946 0.947 0.954 0.967 0.983 1.002
MI, MN _____________
0.991 0. gsg 0.948 0.934 0.928 0.830 0.939 0.956 a gn 1.002
0.952 0.923 0.903 0.894 0.898 0.910 0.934 0.988 1.003
0.936 0.898 0.873 0.861 0.864 0.882 0.913 0.955 1.004
1.100 1.142 1. im 1.182 1.179 1.160 1.125 1.078 1.020
1.315 1.571 1.713 1.780 1.761 1.680 1.491 1.281 1.058
MP
2MK
__________________
_________________ I 1.024
1.OlQ
1.045
1.028
1.230
0.941
1.059
1. w1
1.338
0.9m
1.088
1.032
1.416
0.883
1. ma
1.032
1.451
0.872
1.071
1. w 2
1.441
0.876
1.005
1. w2
1.387
0.892
1.054 1.036
1. wo 1.025
1.296 1.175
0.921 0.958
1.013
1.014
1.m
1.001
--
- - -- -- -- -
Constituent I 1900 le01
-
1903
--
1903
-
?BO4 1905 I906 1907 1Qo8 1909
-
0. gin 0.8R1 0.832 0.8% 0.854 a 900 0.957 1.016 1.068
0.934 0.903 0. $85 0.883 0.699 0.828 n. 965 1.005 1.042
0.838 0.78? 0.752 0.750 0.774 0.825 0.9m 0. B82 1.080
1.030 1.193 1.117 0.925 0.858 1.051 1.221 1.062 0.653
1.399 0.853 1. of99 1.507 1.643 1.340 0.946 1.479 a 112
1.024 1.035 1.037 1.038 1.034 1.0% 1.016 1. OW a mi
1. a36 1.046 1.056 1.057 1.051 1.039 1.023 1.005 0.986
1.049 1.008 1.076 1. 078 1.088 1.053 1.031 1. OM 0.982
1.074 1.101 1.115 1.117 1.104 1.080 1.047 1.010 0.973
1.100 1. l3t 1.157 1.159 1.142 1.108 1.063 1.013 (L 964
OXK
__________.____
MK--- 1.051 1.083 1.010 1.073 1.069
1.028 1.033 1.032 1.032 1.032
1.061
1.032
1.048
1.028
1. m 1.003
1.021 1.009
0.976
0.983
MI
Mm
___________________
__________________ 1.275
0.927
1.373
0.896
1.434
0.877
1.452
0.871
1.435
0.880
1.356
0.9m
1.253
0.934
1.124 0.985
0.975 1.018
0.851
1.080
I
- -- - - - -- - _.
MI*, Nz,ZN, k,m, n. 1.038 1.038 1.035 1. oas 1.018 1.006 0.604 0.982 I. 973 0. gsa
Ma ___________________
Md. MN-
1.056
____________
1.074
1.057
1. 077
1.053
1.071
1.044
1.067
1.027
1.038
1.009
1.012
0.m
0.987
0.973
0.964
I. 959
I. 945
0.949
0.933
1.118 1.10s 1.086 1.055 1.018 8. 981 0.947 1.818 0. 901
1.160 1.147 1.117 1.074 I. 025 0.975 0.9B I. 894 0.870
0.808 0.826 D. 870 0. 9a9 0.994 1.055 1.107 1.147 1.173
0.688 0.526 0.623 0.774 0.969 1.189 1.469 1.588 1.728
__________________
I
MI< 0.W 0.915 0.m 0.946 0.974 1. 002 1.038 1.047 1.061 1.088
2MIi _______ ________
:
: 0.953 0. Bw 0.957 0.973 0.081 1. 008 1.021 1.0% 1.033 1.033
Mf
'Mm
___________________
__________________ I 0.642
1.126
-- -
0.6%
1.131
0.659
1.121
- ---
0.736
1.096
0.848
1.061
0.981
1.019
1.120
0.976
1.24
c. 935
1.354
1.902
_.
1.424
0.880
- -- -- - --- -- - - - -
1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
___---
Constituent 1951 1952
1950
JI
KI
. ___________________
................... 1.165
1.113
1.160
1.109
1.143
1. we
1. iia
1.074
1.070
1.043
1.002
1. 001
0. 85Q
0.966
0.901
0.929
I. 855
D. (100
0. aa9
0.853
Ks___________________ 1.317 1.303 1.257 1.184 1. oga 0.995 0.903 0.827 J. 776 0.770
1.330 1.014 0.653 1.001 1.280 1. iia 0.86'1 0.915 1.115
1. 120 1.778 2.161 1. ea4 0.964 1.276 1.656 1.527 1.053
MP, NB,2N. Aa, m, n- 0.963 0.965 0.970 0.982 0. m 1. ow 1.015 1.026 1.033 .1038
MI _________._________
Mc, MN _____________
0.848 0.856 0.988 0.886
. 0.945
0.931 0.941. 0.958 0. e81
. 0.928
1.004
1.006
1.033
1.031
1.039
1.053
1.051
1.088
1.057
1.076
0.898 0.914 0.939 0.972 1.00s 1. G40 1.079 1.104 1.116
0.867 0.887 0. gao 0.962 1.012 1.081 1.107 1.141 1.159
1.177 1.155 1.119 1. ow 1.010 0.945 0.884 0.15 0.808
1.750 1.637 1.450 1.248 1. oa3 0.819 0.656 0.548 0.491
1.070 1.063 1.051 1.033 1. on9 0.981 0.853 0.930 0.916
3.032 1.033 1.0% 1.023 1.012 0. wt 0.977 0. go 0.851
1.435 1.375 1. m 1.154 1.016 0.w 0.761 0.675 0.830
0.817 0.896 0.838 0.965 1.008 1.051 1. w)8 1.116 1.130
-- - -- - --- _.
Ma*. NI,eN,XI, PWL 1.037 1.033 1. OH 1.014 1.001 0. 886 0.m 0.969 0.964 0.963
Ma ___________________
MI, MN _____________ ' 1.0%
l.m
1.048
1.068
1.037
1.050
1.m
1.0%
1.002
1.003
0. w
0. m
0.96:
0.954
0.954
0. 94a
0.947
0.930
0.945
0.928
--
1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 19711 1079
- - -- - _-.-- --
L-132 L.097 1.051 0.995 0. (K(6 0.881 0. Ma 0.827 0.839
li0M 1.083 1. om 0.881 0.951 0.916 0.8Ql 0.883 0.890
1.99 1.m 1.055 0.957 0.871 0.804 0.783 0.748 0.780
0: 688 1.118 1.270 1.014 0.808 0. ggs 1.179 1.169 am
2.176 1.803 1.012 1.535 1.777 1.438 0.870 %874 1.361
MI, N:, 2N, Xr, pi, 4- 0.968 0.973 am 0.995 1.008 1.020 1.029 1.035 1.038
Ma___________________
M4, MN _____________ 0.950
0.934
0.960
0.818
0.975
a 967
0.993
0.901
1.012
1.016
1.029
1.039
1.044
1.058
1.054
1. on
1.057
1.077
1.036
1.054
1.073
Me___________________
MI___________________
0.m 0.922 0.951 0.886 1.024 1.080 1.090 1.110 1.118 1.112
0.873 0.898 a 9% 0.981 I. 031 1.081 1.122 1.149 1.160 1.151
01.QI, 2Q, PI
00
_________
__________________ 1.170
1.716
1.143
1.575
1.101
1.380
1. og7
1.159
0.034
0.940
0.920
0.750
0.863
0.607
0.m 0.806
0.517 0.486
0.819
0.512
1.059 1.045 1.024 0.998 0.970 0.813 0.923 0.915 . 0.922
1.031 1.028 1.0% 1.006 0.989 0. 970 0.956 0.950 0.955
Mf
Mm
___________________
__________________ 1.417
0.881
1.341
0.808
1: 2%
0.940
1.102
0.982
0.m
1.025
0.831
1.067
am
1.100
0.652 0.625
1.133 1.131
0.647
1.124
-------
- -
l98l
- -
1882 1983
- --1984 - .---
1886
1985
-
1987
116.0 w4.0
0.9
m.5
2.2
38.1
3.3
139.4
5.0
321.2
7. 1
327.3
10.4
59.4
1 28
151.2
14.9
t42 6
16. 5
147.4
ia 9
77.0
19.3
165.2
ia 7
251.7
17.0
950.6
15.2
74.0
11.7
157.0
8.0
240.8
4.6
340.1
3.1
1.6
183.8 181.8 184.0 186.0 189.5 194.0. 200.9 205.8 !lo. 4 Y4.0 118. 2 218.6 217.0 213.2 209.7 203.2 196.4 190.0 187.0
350.6 161.5 330.9 177.7 26.0 194.6 353.3 204.2 54.4 t29.0 26. 0 229.0 72.2 259.4 625 249.4 86.0 183.9. loo. 4
273.5 165.2 50.6 346.9 274.8 170.8 55.4 347.2 Bl.7 178.9 61.0 341.0 280.0 179.7 56.8 311.8 235.5 102.6 47.2
40. 1 140.6 217.0 318.0 59.3 160.6 237.7 339.2 80.6 181.8 w . 5 359.3 99. 8 m.2 376.0 16.0 116.1 216.2 292.0
240.2 111.0 146.5 117.0 88.9 61.0 356.6 328.8 300.9 172.7 m.7 178.9 149.7 120.2 53.9 24.0
321
35L. 1
232.2
324.2 25s.0
7 2 3 224.0
80.2 81.3 74.1 276.1 118.5 321.3 115.4 318.4 101.2 3.6 156.9 358.5 199. 0 40.3 191.9
120.3 61.9 291.1 3 4 . 1 177.8 121.9 353.1 397.6 241.7 la.4 65.4 357.8 398.5 240.5 107.9 48.1 348.3 288.5 156.0
160. 4 202.6 148.1 192.1 237.0 282.5 230.9 276.7 322.3 7.3 113.9 357.1 39.3 80.7 23.8 64.1 104.3 144.7 88.0
193.4 268.0 280.3 292.8 305.5 250.8 393.5 306.2 31% 7 293.6 305.6 317.5 329.1 303.1 314.5 325.8 337.3 311.2
381.6
163.2 86.2 319.1 242.0 166.4 00.3 323.8 247.9 lil.8 95.6 328.7 252.0 175. a 98. 0 330.3 252.9 175.5 98.1 330.4
426 143.8 318. 5 315.7 56.3 154.6 237.3 325.4 63.7 162.3 136.0 335.9 75.0 179.5 ?s. 2 3.6 108.3 214.4 292.7
132.5 39.8 318. 0 222.1 129.0 37.5 333.4 242 0 150.0 56. R 348.9 250.7 148.7 41.8 317.3 201.3 84.1 329.1 245.8
349.9 350.2 349.4 349.7 349.9 350.2 349.4 349.6 349.9 350.1 349.4 349.6 349.8 350.1 349.3 349.6 349.8 350.1 349.3
284.1 396.6 269.5 so.0 289.9 299.4 270.4 279. 8 280.3 399.3 271.1 282.3 294. 7 308.5 285.4 302.0 319.0 335.4 311.9
165.6 89.4 320.5 242.2 1%. 4 84.3 313.4 234.1 154.9 76. 1 306.2 228.7 152.3 77.4 312.6 240. 5 168.8 96.4 331.1
179.7 1%. 4 180.2 179.9 17Q.6 179.4 180.1 179. S 179.6 179.3 180.1 179.8 179.6 179.3 180.0 179.8 179.5 179.3 180.0
' !
__________________
180.0
81_ _ _ _ _ _ _ :180.0
_180.0 180.0 180.0 iso. a 180.0 180.0 180.0 1so. 0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0
SI.,( _ _ _ _ _ _ __. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
___________________
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 o:a 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 o.,o 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.6 358.8 0. 1 0.4 0. ti 359.9 0.3 0.4 0. 7 359.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.0
Ti ________! 0.1
h ____ :---i ___________ ______ 148.8 59.6 330.7 22s.9 140.4 52.2 324.1 223.0 135.0 46.9 318.7 217.3 128.5 39. R 310.5 m.1 118.7 39.3 299.9 197.6
pa ________ __________________
II
j
____________________
pi- __ _____ ,-___________
_________:
241.0 82.1
270.8 200.6
370.9 103.1
283.4
130.6
76.2
25. 1
133.8 26.6
z:D
315.3
119.9
246.3
243.4
322. a
177.2
171.1
115.5
72.4
620
317.7
3.4
349.6
159. s
"04.3
277.3
1. 8
PA.9
205.4
154.9
119.8
97.3
358.4 197.7
50.0 340.1
26.7 317.2
38.8
269.8
249.2
191.0
163.8
146.1
31.8
93.4
80.9
232.6 73.4
22.9 312 4
16.2 310.7
225.6
208.4
207.2
41.8 141.6 219.2 321. '4 64. 167. a 248.2 352.0 95.5 198.5 277.4 18.5 118.5 217.2 291.2 27.7 124.0 220.8 i85.1
78.6 280.4 71.9 273.8 113.. 314.1 10s. a 305. 6 146.2 346.9 138.1 339.2 181. c 23.3 176.7 ao.4 224. 2 67.7 220.9
74.1 125.1 238. 4 352. I 108.1 158.5 252.7 26.8 140.5 192.0 304.9 57.3 169.3 319.1 330.5 81.9 193.3 243.2
321.8
40. 1 140.0 217.0 318.0 -59. E 160.6 237.7 339.2 80.6 181. S 258.5 359.3 99. f m.2 376.0 16.0 ,116.1 216.2 292.0
319.9 219.4 143.0 42.0 303. 1 199.4 122.3 20.8 279.4 1%. 2 101. s 0.7 260.1 159. E 84. a 344.0 243.9 143.8 88.0
134.9 33.0 320.1 222.7 126.2 31.1 3%. 1 2%. 3 133.9 37:3 3%. 4 227.4 125. E 21. I isi.4 188. a 77.4 327.3 246.5
319.9 219.4 143.0 42.0 3M). d 199.4 122.3 20.8 279.4 178.2 101.5 0.7 260. : 159.6 84.0 a44.a 243.9 143.8 68.0
118.5 207.2 309.0 37. .7 1%. 4 215. Z 316.9 45.7 134.4 223.1 324.9 53.6 142. i 231. I 332. a 61.0 150.3 239.0 340.8
10.1 279.8 280.6 280.3 280.1 279. E m.E 280.4 10.1 279.9 280.6 so.4 280.: 279. $ 280.7 280.4 m.2 279.9 280.7
m.1 199.6 201.1 200.7 200. : 199. 5 201.2 200. 7 200.2 199.8 3 1 . 3 200.8 zoo. : 199.8 mi. 3 200. a 200.4 199.9 701.4.
--- - - - -
Table 15.-Eauilibrium argument (V,+ u) -
for meridian o f Greenwich at beginning o-
f each calendar year, 1850 to 2000-Con.
-- -
--- - -
*-
le
0
W
+JI
Constituent
___________________________ 67.1
IKi__________________________
1873 1874 lSi5 1876 1877 1878 1879 laso 1831 1882 1883
6.3
- - - - ----
0
0
1888 1889.
12.2 103.9
14.1 16.2
a l o I . / o
195.0 235.3 28.5 116. 1
17.7 1s.6 19.7 18.6
0 0 0 0 0
P
Mz ___________ ______________
~
Ma. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _338.6
32.4 133.0 03.9 310.6 51.9 153.3 254.8
___ lW.5
_ _170.8
___ in5.g
___ 77.8 _n_ _
_ _50. 22 2
331.8
317.8
73.2
a89.8
174.4
261.5
275.3
232.9
351.6 92.1 lo?.4 292.5
167.4 138.1 10s. 5 78.7
8.2
12.2
108.2
342.3
208.3
312.5
M,
MI
_________________________
__________________________
w.8 368.0 107.8 261.3 10% 8 306.R 149.a
97.2 39.0 341.R 211.8 155.6 90. 44.3
303.7
275.5
14R.4
219.2
348.7
163.0
190.6
105.9
393.2 184.2 24.7 225.0
3.34.8 276.2 217.1 157.4
16.3
24.4
216.4
324.6
56.7 257.2
285.0 205.8
49.4
n.1
Q
Ms __________________________ 129.0 1721 215.5 162 4 207.5 253. 299.1 217.4 292.I 137.4 21.2 3B.5 8.3 49.4 89.9 32.6 72 8 113.3 154.4 98.8
*2
I
NI____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :322.9
~
334.8 3M.9 321.8 w.4 447.1 359.9 335.1 347.8 0.2 12.4 347.0 35s. 7 10.2 21.6
188.1 110.9
355.5 6.9 1s. 3 ?9.8 4.1
342 9 265.5 188.2 111.0 343.6
2N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253.4176.5 99.9 333.1 256.9 190.9 104.9 33s.4 s2.3 186.0 m . 5 342.3 2f35.3
01__________________________ 140.3 34.8135.6 235.2 308.8 47.3 145.5 243.6 316.4 51.7 153.5 252.8 327.A 69.4 172 5 277.2 357.5 103.1 207.6 310.7 26.9
00_ _ _ _ _ ____________ ~ _._____ 39.3 3020 334.8 141.9 50.3 318.8 2% 6 1e.z 68.3 332.0 259.8 150.0 47. 1 293.4 203.9 87.2 333.7 225.1 158.8
PI__________________________ 349.6 349.8 350.0 349.3 349.5 349.8 350.0 349.2 349.5 349.7 359.0 349.2 349.5 349.7 349.9 349.2 349.4 349.7 349.9 349.2
QI__________________________ 325.3 337.3 348.3 3%. 0 329.8 339.3 348.7 319.6 329.3 339.3 350.0 323.2 336.0 350.4 6.4 344.8 1.7 17.6 31.9 6.3
3
2Q 179.1 10i.3 331.3 252.3 173.1 sa.
2.55.8 ;
-
822.9 243.9 165.2 87.1 318.5 242 4 168.3 95.5 332 2 260.4 187.5 113.1 345.7
179.4 179.1 179.8 179.6 179.3 179.1 179.8
RI_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173.7 179.5 179.2 180.0 179.7 179.4 179. 179.9 179.7 179.4 119.2 170.9 179.6
SI ___________________________
Sr:4,s
TI...
________________
__________.__________ I_ _ - _ _ _ 0.0
1-
180.0 1sh.o 180.0 180 0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 190.0 180.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0. n
0.3
0.0
0.6
n. o
0.8
n. o 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4
180.0 180.0 180.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.9 E
180.0
0.0
0.4
180.0 180.0 180.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.2
sg
hz ______________ ____________ 108.5 19.6 201.0 180.6 lo!. 4 13.3 2s5.3 144.2 96.1 7.8 279.2 177.4 88.4 359.2 269.8 167.4 n.9 348.0 259.4 157.3 3
fu___________________________ 217.1 259.9 51.5
~
66.8 268.2 109.8 262.9 104.9 307.1 149.3 392.8 144.8 346.8 185.5 341.2 lS2.4 33.4 2%. 3 13.3 58.0
e.--. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.3 66.4 356.8 ?51.6 182. 4 113.3 44.2 m.5 230.3 169.9 91.3 345.8 275.8 205. s 135. 1 28.9 318.5 24s.1 177.8 72.1 8
pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.8 69.0 358.1 249.8 177.8 105.5 33. 1 284.0 211.8 140.0 Bs.9 322.0 253.1 185.7 119.8 IS. 3 313.3 247.4 119.9 74.2 !4
1 I
M K ___________ ____________ 34.1 134.4 235.9 315.0 s.2 161.8 285.6 346.0 89.3 192.1 293.9 11.3 110.7 208.9 305.9 1s.9 115.3 212 3 310.6 M.7
255.3 47.5
0
2 M K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63.1 264.6 105.7 256.8 211.5
~
97.5 298.1 13s.7 2I19.6 130.2 331.0 1720 323.6 165.5 8.2 5.6 308.3 52 7.
M N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 355.3 107.3 220.8 272 4 25.3 140.4 254.8 3oi.0 80.9 174.5 287.7 338.6 90.8 32.6 314.1 3.7 115.1 226. 0 33s.4 25.8
M8
2SM
_________________________ 32.4 133.0
327.6 227.0
233.9 310.6
126.1 49.4
51.9 153.3 254.8
305.1 m0. 7 105.2
331.3 73.2 174.4 275.3 351.6
3.2 286.8 1185.6 84.7
92. 1 192
~4 267.9 167.6
4 293.5 A. 2
67.5 351.8
108.2
251.8
?os. 3
151.7
305.6 24.7
51.4 335.3 8
M
Mf ---..-._---....-.--------- 142.7 41.9 303.4 233.0 137.3 42.3 307.6 239. A 133.3 27.3 27s. 1 193.2 82.1
267.9 167.6 67. 5 351.8 251.8
333.0 227.2 150.9
151.7 51.4 335.3
M8f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 337.6 227.0 126.1 49.4 308.1 206.7 1115.2 21(-
M m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69.5 158.2 247.0 318.8 77.5 166.2 254.9 356.7 93.4 182.1 270.8 12.6 101.3 190.1 278.8 Xl.6
Sa __________________________
Sss.: ....................... m.4
m.9
2812
m.4
2.30.0
200.0
m.7 280.5 290.2
201.4 201.0 200.5
m.8
280.0
201.5
200.0
280.5 m. 3 280.1 280.8 280.6
201.1 300.6 200.1 201.6 201.2
280.3
200.7
--
Table 15.-Equilibrium argument (V.+ u) for meridian o f Greenwich
- at beginning o f each calendar-
year, t o 2000-Con.
1850- t\3
----
- - -- - --- - - ----
Constituent . 1 ISW 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 I 1896. 1899 1900 imi 1902
- - -- - - - - - -
1903 1
w 1905 1900 1907 1w)8 1803
0 0 0 0 D O 0 0 0 0 D O 0 0 0 0 0 0
197.9m . n 34.8 128. D 219.0 310.9 56.4 147.3 237. 2 3%. 7 527 137.8 221.5 304.6 4 1 I 127.0 213.6 301.8 45.5
3.0 4.6
~. 7.6 ~ 9.9 1 8 2 1 4 4 17.3 18.6 19.2 18 9 17.5 14.9 11.6 7.8 h3 2.6 0.9 0.4 1.8
185.4 18%6 194.8 199.7 2047 208.4 a s . 2 217.8 218.7 217.5 214.2 209.0 202.7 195.9 191.4 186.0 182 3 180.7 183.2
260.3 55.9 240.3 94.0 295.3 86.6 288.4 11s. 4 317.1 127.1 309.0 147.1 345.0 174.1 339.6 1625 1.2 m.8 17.5
193 3 85.3 340.4 288.6 199.8 93.4 344.8 289.6 205.1 97.5 351.0 271.7 ao3.3 101.0 338.1 232.1 158.1 90.6 336.2
226.4 327.6 44.5 146.0 247.4
11.2
3489
343.3
65.8
278.6
166. 8 287.7
250.3 221.6
8.3
192 5
108.7 !ax9 308.0 49.0
163.0 133.4 103.5 73.6
124. 7
7. 1
224.0
337.4
3%. 3
907.9
65.8 142.2
278.7 213.4
9
159,6 131.3 66.8 89.0
928 295.1 89.0 201.9 134.9 337.: 131.5 333.7 175. 4 16.6 217.4 57.8 258.0 w.1 249.4 88.8 290.5 131.6 284.5 p
22.3 197.3 140.5 S3.1 24.9 326.1 256.7 207.0 147. I 14. 2 814.7 355.8 197.5 6fl. 7
319.1
185.5
242.7
230.2
133.6
178.1
77.9
223.9 269.8
325.6
315.4 263.0 307.4 350.8 33.2 74.8 116.6 156.0 196.1 13s. 9 179.6 221.0 263.3 ap9.0 8
53. s 65.7
28.4 a 8 16.0 28.7
190.3 114.1 347. 5 n i . 5
325. s 825.2 38.2 136.4
41.5
195.5
234.5
54.2 29.3
119.5 352 8
3327 45. 8
41.6
276.4 109.8 1%. n
144.8 244.5 345.2
77.3 59.8
41. o 328.7
87.4 191.2
loo.2 111.5
251.4 174.0
296.3 4 . 0
85.4 96.8
46.1 3%. 8
122.0 226. 0
10s. 5
251.7
328.5
120.3
174.8
69.5
E:!
144.0
313.2 219.4 154.4 62.8 331.5 239.7 174. I 79.4 342 0 m.9 135.2 24.3 269.2 152.0 6 3 5 311.8 205. 1 103. 2 325
349.6 340.9 349.1 349.4 349. fl
28.5 38.5 9.7 19.1 28.6
349.8
38.0
349.1
9.3
349.3
19. 6
349.6 349.8
30.5 42.6
350.0
56.0
350.3 350.5
71.1 87.6
350.8 350.0 35a.3 350.5
104.5 8 2 6 98.0 111.7
350.7
124. 0
350.0
96.7
$
190.5 111.8 241. a 281. I) 182.5
179.3 179.0 179.8 179.5 179.3
103.3
179.0
332.8
179.7
254.4
179.5
176.6 99. 9
l i 9 . 2 179.0
24.7
178.7
311.0
178.4 238.:
178.-
167.0 43.3 329.9 254.9
177.9 178.7 178.4 178.2
178.5
177.9 2: 80
180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 m.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 18QO 180.0 180.0 180.0 UO.0 180.0 180.0 u
ao
0.7
ao n. o 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 a 2 a5 0.7 1.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
1.6
0.0
1.8
0.0
a. I
0.0
1. 3
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
2.1
0.0
1.4 1
Q
9
340. 251. 8 160.6 62.5 3345 246.5 145.2 58.8 32R 2 239.4 150.3 61.0 331.6 912.2 139.7 50.4 321.3 231. 4 130.6
94.I 296.6 89.9 2922 134.4 336.5 129.8 331.6 173.3 11.6 215.8 56.7 257. 6 w.4 250.4 91.4 292.5 133.8
292.7 223.4 11s. 5 49.4 340.4 2il.2 166.3 96.8 27.2 317.3 247.1 176.8 106.4 35.9 289.8 319.4 149.2 79.3
292.8 221.0 112.2 39.8 327.4 255.1 146.3 74.8 4.0 394.2 325.8 159.1 93.i 28. 9 287.0 am. 5 1.52 5 sa. 9
Mh-. ______________ _______ 127.5 229.4 333.1
2MK_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248.8 89.8 200.6
62. 1 155.9
R1.4 282.0
259.7
1226
3.3
323.3
83.1
11.4. 2
185.5
315.0
287.0 27.2 126.2
156.1 357.7 199.9
223.8 320.6 56.8
42.9 246.4 90. 3
130.0 227.5 3%. 2
244.2 87.2 280.6
66.2 144.1
131.3 282.7
d*
MN ________________________ ,141.6 254.7 8.4 60.5 174.7 288.9 43.0 95. a 208.5 321.5 74.0 188.0 297.7 49.2 160. 5 210.1 321.8 73.8 186.2 237.2
125.4 2%. 4 327. 6 4 . 5 146.0 247.4 348.9 65. U 166.8 267.7 8.3 108.7 208.9 309.11 49.0 124.7 224.9 3 3 . 3 65.8 142.2
38M _______________________ 234.6 133.6 32. 4 315.5 214.0 1126 11.1 294.2 193.2 913 361.7 251.3 151.1 51.0 811.0 235.3 195.1 34.7 294. a 217.8
313.3 a17.i I&. 1 53.2 3is.1 223.5 154.2 57.3 318.8 217.8 113.9 6.6 2,s.4 145.0 60.8 312.9 208.3 106.9 34.3
133.X 32.4 315.5 214.0 1126 11.1 294.2 193.2 92.3 351.7 251.3 151.1 51.0 311.0 235.3 135.1 34.7 294. a 217.8
198. 0 ass. 7 a85 117.2 mo 294.i 36.5 125.2 213.9 302.6 31.4 120.1 m 8 297. 5 39.3 1% 0 216.8 305.5 4i. 3
Bo. 4 280. 1 280.9 280.6 280.4 280.2 280.9 280.7 m.4 280. 2 230.0 279.7 279.5 279.2 280. n 279.7 279.5 279.3 280.0
ma7 ma 3 201.8 201. 3 m.8 200.3 201.8 201. 3 ma 0 200.4 199.9 199.4 199.0 198.5 m.0 199.5 199. n 198.5 m.0
-
Table 15.-Equilibrium argument (Vo+ u) for meridian at Greenwich
- at beginning
- - o f each
-- calendar-
- year,-
1850 t o 2000-Con.
- - ---- - --
1910 1914 1915 1916 1927 1918 ism 1921 1923 1925 1928 19% 1929
Constituent
- --- - - --
0 0 1 o l o 0 0 0 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
l3&2 227.6 319.5 65.6 157.7 249.5 340.8 85.4 174.8 282 7 349.0 87.6 170.9 253.9 337.9 77.4 164.7 253.6 343.7 88.7
3.0 4.8 7.0 10.3 1 2 6 14.1 16.4 18.5 18.7 18.0 16.1 14.2 10.6 6.9 3.6 23 1.1 a9 1.7 4.2
186.5 189.1 193.7 205.6 210.0 213.4 217.4 217.6 216. I 211.4 207.7 m i . o 194.3 188.1 185.3 182. 4 181.6 182.9 187.7
179.7 220 235.0 65.4 208.6 49.0 280. 2 81.5 245.3 75.8 277.1 101.6 2%. 2 101.7 291. 2 119.9 319.1 133.4 308.7 141.4
273.6 146.2 82.1 343.4 237.0 149.2 96.3 350.1 242 0 142 6 78.4 344.0 BO.0 124.6 25.1 309.9 226.5 120.0 15.3 2920
2443.3 344.5 85.9 163.0 284.5 5.9 107. I 183.7 284.4 25.0 125.3 201.0 301.1 41.2 141.3 217.1 58. 2 159.1 235.9
184.9 156.8 128.9 64.5 36.7 a8 340.6 275.5 246.7 217.5 187.9 121.6 91.; 61.7 31.9 325.7 267.3 2387 173.8
128.6 329.1 171.9 326.1 169.0 11.7 214.2 7.4 m.8 49.9 250.6 4 2 1 242- 82 3 283.5 74.2 116.4 3 i a a 111.7
9.9 313.6 a57.8 129.1 73.5 17.6 321.3 191.1 133.3 74.9 15.8 243.2 183.3 123.5 63.8 291.4 174.6 117.3 347.6
253.2 298.2 343.8 2921 337.9 23.4 a 3 14.8 67.8 99.9 141.1 84.3 124.4 164.6 !205.1 148.6 B2 8 276.5 223.4
107.3 119.8 132.5 107.8 120. 5 133.2 145.7 im. 5 132 6 144.3 155.9 129.9 141.2 153.6 164.0' 138 0 149.7 161.7 173.8 148.8
331.3 255.1 179.0 6 2 6 336.6 m . 5 184.3 57.3 340.6 283.7 188.6 58.8 341.4 284. 0 188.6 58.9 341.9 285.1 188.6 61.8
243.1 341.6 79.9 1626 250.8 349.0 87.7 161.6 281.6 29 106.7 184.6 290.1 35.8 140.7 218 8 3%. 6 61. 2 160.7 234.2
297.4 204.2 1 1 2 2 48.2 316.7 334.6 131.1 62 8 324.1 331.3 113.6 a 8 2 271.9 151.9 40.4 317.9 213.2 112. 9 16.1 309.2
350.2 350.5 350.7 350.0 350. 2 350.4 350.7 349.9 350. 2 350.4 350.6 349.9 350.1 350.4 350.6 349.9 350.1 350.3 350.6 349.8
107. 1 116.9 126.4 97.4 108.8 116.4 126.3 98.3 109.7 132.3 136.3 113.6 130.2 147.2 163.4 139.7 152.8 164.6 175.4 147.1
331.1' 2522 173.0 4 2 2 333.8 243.7 164.9 35.2 317.8 241.6 167.0 42 4 330.4 %a6 186.1 60.6 345.0 265.1 190.2 60.1
118.4 i n 1 171.9 i 7 a 6 17s. 3 i7a 1 177.8 17s. 6 17s. 3 178 o 177.8 178.6 178.'3 178 0 177.8 178.5 1711 a 178.0 177.7 17114
180.0 18ao 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ao 0.0 0.0 ao
1.6 1.9 21 1.4 1.7 1.9 2 2 1.4 1.7 20 2.2 1.5 1.7 PO 2 2 1.6 1.8 2. 0 23 1.6
42: 3 314.0 225.9 124.8 36.8 308.7 230.5 iia 9 30.2 301.2 212.1 109.7 m. 3 aSa8 mi. 5 99.3 io. 1 281.3 1928 91.3
1%. 4 330.4 1725 3!25.0 188. 2 10.3 212 3 5.3 4a 1
ao8.8 249.1 41.3 2442 1 82 9 m3.7 76.0 277.1 lis. 6 320.2 113.3
284.4 195.1 128.0 21.2 312 2 243.0 173.7 68.6 358.7 m a 7 218.5 113.4 41.9 331.5 281.0 155.1 85.0 15.1 305.5 m.4
204.2 1 9 2 2 119.9 10.8 298.4 228. 2 151 3 46.3 335.8 m.6 198 9 96.0 30.9 328.1 260.5 156.7 88.0 ia 1 307.1 198.7
246.3 319.4 9 2 9 173.3 277.1 20.6 123. 6 202.2 303.3 43.'0 141.4 315.2 311.7 48.0 144.9 219.4 318.6 59.3 160.8 240.0
123.6 324.3 164.9 315.8 156.4 357.0 197.7 348.9 190. a 32.0 234.5 27.9 231.6 75.4 ma 9 72.0 274.0 115.5 316.5 107.6
350.6 1011.4 218.4 270.8 a6.0 139.0 252 8 304.2 57.0 169.3 281.2 331.0 '82 4 193.7 305. 2 355.3 107.3 219.9 333.0 x 7
243.3 344.5 85.9 163.0 264.6 6.9 107.1 183.7 284.4 25.0 125. 3 mi. o 301.1 41.2 141.3 217.1 317.6 58. 2 159.1
235.9
116.7 15.5 374.1 197:O 95.6 35L 1 2529 176.3 ,75.6 335.0 234.7 159.0 58.9 31L 8 ala 7 142 9 4 2 4 301.8 m.9 124.1
m.1 201.3 106.2 37.8 3oa. 0 207.8 111.7 40.6 301. 3 199. 2 94.0 11.8 m.9 148.5 39.9 319.6 zia 3 115.9 17.7 307.5
116.7 15.5 274.1 197.0 95.5 364.1 352 9 176.3 75.6 335.0 234.7 159.0 58.9 318.8 zia 7 142 9 424 301.8 200.9 124.1
136.0 224.7 313.4 65.2 144.0 232 7 321.4 63. 2 151.9 240.6 329.4 71.1 159.9 248.6 337.3 79.1 167.8 250.5 346.3 87.0
379.8 279.5 a79.3
199.6 199.1 198.6
- I I m.0 a79.8
m.1 199.6
- ---
am. 6
199.1
279.3 aso. 1
198.7 200. 2
279.8 379.6
199.7 199. 2
279.4
168.7
280.1
200.2
279.9
199.7
379.6 218.4
199.3 198.8
m.1
m.3
279.9,
199.8
279.7
199.3
218.4
198.8
280.2
2W.3
for meridian o f Greenwich at beginning o f each calendar year, 1850 to 2000-Con.
Table 15.-Equilibrium argument (V.+ u -
- ---- -- --- -- -- ------ -- -
- .__
272.3 4.4 110.5 202.1 263.1 23.2 126.3 313.5 288.1 23.1. 120. 32a3.5 288.0 14.2 116.2 205.5 296.0 27.3 133.1
8.4 10. 7 14.0 15.9 17.4 18.2 19.1 17.9 15.6 12. 4 9.6 6.0 3.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 3.7 4.4 7.4
196.6 201.6 208.3 212.4 215.3 216.6 217.9 215.1 210. 3 304.2 199.4 193.7 187.0 182.9 183.8 182.8 18k8 188.3 194.6
150.1 330.8 167.9 18.8 201.7 6.0 193.1 35.9 237.4 44.3 215.2 49.6 249.0 82.0 240.2 64.4 371.8 118.7 no.7
128.5 21.6 293.3 234.4 134.1 27.0 285.7 227.4 132.6 22.0 280.9 173.4 109.5 12.9 253.0 151.2 91.3 14.5 257.4
78.6 180.1 257.1 358.4 99. A 200.5 276.8 17.2 117.5 217.6 293.3 33.3 133.4 233. 8 308.9 50.6 151.6 252.8 329.8
117.9 90.1 25.7 357.7 329.4 300.7 235.3 305. R 176.2 146.4 79.9 49.9 20. 3 350.6 B4.8 256.0 227.4 199.2 134.7
157.2 0.2 154.3 3MI. 9 199.3 41.0 193.6 34.4 234.9 75.1 228.5 66.6 266.9 107.5 259.8 101.3 303.2 145.7 288.6
235.8 180.2 51.4 355.4 208.8 241.5 110.3 51.6 352.4 392.7 159.7 99.9 40. 3 341.3 308.6 151.9 94.9 38.5 269. 5
314.4 0.3 308.6 353.8 38.4 82.0 27.1 68.9 109.8 150.3 92.9 133.2 173.8 215.0 159.5 m.5 246.5 291.3 239.3
174.1 lSS3 162.1 174.7 187.1 199.3 173.8 185.5 197.1 m.4 183.3 193.6 205.1 316.7 191.0 203.0 315.3 227.8 !ai. 0
269.6 193.6 67.1 351.0 274.7 1% 2 70.9 353.8 276.6 199.3 71.4 351.0 276.7 199.6 72.1 355.4 279.0 202.8 76.2
70.8 168 9 241.7 340.1 78.9 178.4 253.6 355.4 gas 203.6 m.0 29.5 133.8 236.6 313.6 52.7 151.9 350.6 323.5
124.9 33.6 329.3 236.7 142.4 45.7 332.9 228.3 118.6 4.3 274.6 158.2 45.4 397.5 222.0 123.2 27.4 293.9 239.1
350.3 350.6 349. 8 350.0 350.3 350.5 349.8 350. n 350.2 350.5 349.7 350.0 350.2 350.5 348.7 350.0 350.a 350.4 349.7
188.3 175.6 148.7 156.4 188.5 177.3 150.6 163.7 178.4 194.5 173.1 189. s 205.5 219.6 193.7 305.1 315.6 325.6 196.7
281.8 182.4 51.7 332.6 354.0 176.1 47.6 333.0 258.0 185.4 62.1 350.2 277.1 202.5 74.9 357.5 379.3 2m.5 69.9
177.9 177.7 178.4 178.2 177.9 177.6 178.4 178.1 l i 7 . 9 177.6 178.3 178.1 157.8 177.6 178.3 178.0 177.8 177.5 178.3
180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180. 0 180. n 180.0 lsa 0 180.0 180.0 180.0 lso. 0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180. o
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 ao 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.1 23 1.6 1.8 21 2.4 1.0 1.9 2.1 24 1.7 1.9 2 2 2.4 1.7 2.0 2 2 2.5 1.7
275.1 187.1 88.0 357.9 269. 5 181.0 79.1 350.0 260.8 171.4 88.0 339.5 250.2 161.0 59.0 330.3 241.8 153.6 524
157.6 359.8 153.3 355.3 197.2 38.9 191.5 33.7 233.7 74.6 228.6 67.4 m.3 100.4 281.9 103.4 305.1 147.1 300.4
63.1 353.0 248.2 179.0 109.6 40.0 284.5 234.4 154.1 83.7 337.5 287.0 196.7 128.4 20.7 311.0 a1.4 172.1 67.3
M. 3 341. 8 232 8 160.7 89.0 18.0 371.3 202.6 135.4 89.8 328.3 2433.2 197.1 129.4 23.4 313.0 241.8 189.9 61.0
87.0 190.8 371.1 14.4 117.0 218.7 296.8 35.1 133.0 229.9 302.8 39.3 136.5 234.9 311.3 522 154.3 257.2 337.3
148.8 349.5 140.3 341. n 1S1.8 32. 8 174.5 16.6 219.4 62 8 216.8 60.6 283.8 106.3 258.4 99.6 300.6 141.3 292 2
252.7 7.0 59.3 173. 2 2%. 7 39.8 90.6 m2.8 314.5 B a O 115.6 238.9 338.6 90.4 140.9 253.7 6.9 120.6 172.8
78.6 180.1 257.1 358.4 99.6 m.5 276.8 17.3 117.5 317.6 293.3 33.3 133.4 233. s 309.9 50.6 151.6 2528 329.8
281.4 159.9 102.9 1.6 260.4 159.5 83.3 342.8 242.5 142 4 88. 8 326.7 228.6 126.3 50.1 309.4 208.4 107.2 30.2
117.1 22. 3 313.8 218.3 121.8 23.6 309.7 m.4 99.9 350.3 365.3 154.4 45. s 3m. 4 224.7 125.2 27.7 291.6 222 8
281.4 179.9 103.9 1.6 280.4 159.5 83.2 342.8 242.5 142 4 66.8 326.7 226.6 126.2 50.1 309.4 2W.4 107.2 30.2
264.5 353.2 95.0 193.7 272.4 1.2 103.0 191.7 280.4 9. 1 110.9 199.6 288.4 17. 1 iia 9 207.6 296.3 25.0 126.8
279.7 279.4 m 2 280.0 279.7 279.5 280.a 280.0 279.8 279.5 280.3 280.0 279.8 279.5 280.3 280.0 2i9.8 379.6 280.3
169.4 198.9 200. 4 199.9 199.4 199.0 200.6 200.0 169.5 199.0 200.5 200.0 169.6 199.1 200.6 200.1 199.6 lW.2 200.6
- - -
Table 15.-Equilibrium argument (V,+u) for meridian of Greenwich at beginning of each calendar uear, 1850 t o 2000-Con.
--
- - --
- --
1951
--
1952 1953 I I
1954 1955 1956 1957 1M3
--- 1964 1965 1966 1967
0 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
317.2 49.1 154.6 245.3 335.0 03.3 104.0 m9.o 332 5 55.5 153.2 238.3 325.2 53.7 157.6 248.4 340.0 71.9 178 0
12.1 14.2 17.0 18.3 18.7 18.2 17. 0 14.9 11.4 7.7 5.3 2.7 1.2 0.9 2.4 3.8 5.6 7.8 11.2
204.4 309.0 214.7 217.0 217.6 216.0 214.4 2011.0 202.6 195.8 191.4 186.2 182.8 181.6 184.4 188.9 190.8 195.4 202.4
298.5 147.4 306.1 114.5 322.8 165.4 338.9 153.8 3444 179.5 5.4 191.0 2.4 194.4 30.4 230.4 26.6 215.8 57.9
91.6 22.2 285.6 159.0 85.3 21.9 266.9 155.7 5 4 4 341.3 252 2 146.5 36.5 302.6 236.6 147.6 40.3 302.7 217.8
172.8 274.2 351.0 9 2 1 192.9 293.5 9.4 109.6 209.7 309.5 25.5 125.7 226.0 326.7 43.1 144.2 245.5 M6.9 64.0
79.2 51.3 346.6 318.1 289.4 260.2 194.2 164.6 34.6 104.0 35.3 8.5 339.1 3111.0 m.7 216.3 188.3 160.3 96.0
348.5 188.3 342.1 184.3 25.5 227.0 1s. 9 219.3 59.4 259.5 .XI9 31.3 92.1 293.3 86.2 288.4 130.9 333.8 128.0
158.3 102.5 333.1 276.3 218.7 160.4 28.4 3%. 9 269.2 209.3 76.4 17.0 318.1 280.0 128.4 72.6 10.4 320.7 191.9
331.1 16.7 324.2 8 . 4 51.6 93.9 37.8 78.6 118. 9 159.0 101.8 142.6 184.2 226.6 172.5 216.8 261.9 307.6 255.9
328.6 241.2 216.3 228.6 NO.7 252.5 226.7 -238.2 249.5 m. 9 234.8 246.2 357.9 269.8 1 4 . 5 256.8 269.4 282.1 257.4
m.2 208.2 81.5 5.1 288.5 211.6 81.0 6.7 289.4 212. 0 84.1 6. a 289.8 213.0 85.8 9.5 293.3 217.3 90.7
159.8 358.0 331.2 70.3 170.1 271. 1 348.2 9 2 2 197.4 303.2 23.0 126.8 229.0 329.8 44.1 143.1 241.6 339.8 52.6
46.2 314.2 248.5 153.4 155.4 313.6 234.4 122.8 7.1 250.0 162.0 51. 1 305.2 204.0 133.8 39.0 306. 1 314.3 150.3
350.2 350.4 349.6 349.9 350.1 350.4 349.6 349.9 350.1 350.3 349.6 349.8 349.8 350.0 350.3 349.5
216.5 m.0 lB6.4 206.8 317.9 230.2 m.4 2-3.7 237.2 254.3 232.3 247.4 255.8 265.5 275.0 246.0
271.3 192.0 61.6 343.3 265.7 189.2 6 2 7 349.2 277.1 205.4 81.6 7.9 8.4 299.4 9 0 . 2 79.4
177.7 177.5 178.2 178.0 177.7 177.4 178.2 177.9 177.7 i n . 4 178.1 177.9 177.8 177.6 177.3 178.1
180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 150.0 180.0 180.0 180.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0. o 0. n 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 00
2.3 25 1.8 2.0 23 26 1.8 21 2.3 26 1.9 21 2.4 26 1.9 2.2 24 27 1.9
238.4 148.3 47.0 318.6 a28.9 141.0 38. 8 309.5 am. 1 130.7 28. 3 290.0 209.9131.0 19.3 290.9 202 7 114.7 13.6
344.9 187.1 340.3 182.1 B . 7 225.0 17.4 318.3 59.1 m. 9 52.0 253.0 94.1 296.4 88.3 290. 1132.1 334.3 127.8
288.2 220.1 115.1 45.6 335.9 200.0 180.1 89.8 19.3 308.8 202.7 132 4 C2.2 352.3 246.9 In.5 10s. 2 3Q.1 294.4
276.2 m.9 95.3 23.8 313.1 243.6 138.8 72.3 7.0 3022 m 2 133.4 65.1 356.4 247.9 176.4 104.4 3 2 0 9 2 . 9
MK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81.0 184.9 ? s . 4 8.1 110.4 211.6 311.7 27.0 124.6 221. 2 317.4 30.7 128.4 148.0 251. 1 354. I 75. 1
2MK.. _____ _______________
- 132 8
M N_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B 7 . 0
333.5 174. 1 325.0
41. 3 155.4 207.3
165.9 7.1
3 3 . 7 73.6
203.7
188.0
1 . 3 m.4
236.2 347.8
48.0
99.3
251.8 45.7 248.6
210.6 360.2 11.9
284.6
41.0
125.3
154.8
3%. 0
209.0
116.8
321.4
M S_________________________ 71.3 172.8 274. 2 951.0 92.1 1929 293.5 9.4 108.6 209.7 309.8 25.5 125.1 144.2 245.5 346.9 64.0
2SM_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288.7
I 1
187.2 85.8 9.0 267.9 167.1 66.5 350.6 250.4 150.3 50.2 334.5 234.3 215.8 114.5 13.1 298.0
33.2 !2%1 228.6 131.6 32.7 291.3 213.1 105.3 354.8 243.4 159.5 53.1 3op.1 207.1 134.8 38.0 302.3 207.2 138.9
187.2 85.8 9.0 267.9 167.1 68.5 350.6 250.4 150.3 50.2 334.5 234.3 134.0 33.3 316.9 315.8 114.5 13.1 296.0
304.3 33.0 134.8 323.5 3122 41.0 142.7 ,231.5 320.2 48.9 150.7 3 9 . 4 328.1 513.9 i t a 6 247.4 330.1 64.8 1G6. 6
279.8
199.7
--
279.6 280.4 250.1
199.3 200.7 200.2
279.9
199.8
279.6
199. 3
-
2ao.4
200.8
280. 1
200.3
--
=a o
199.8
279.7
199.3
!Bo. 4
200.8
280.2
200.4
279.9
199.9
I I
279.7 280.4
199.4 200.9
280.2
200. 4
280.0 279.7
199.9 199.4
280. 5
201.0
Table 15.-Equilibrium argument (V,+ u) for meridian o f-
- ---- Greenwich at beginning o-
f each -
calendar year,- t o ,2000-Con.
1850- --
-- - - -- -
Constituent 1 1970 1971 1972 1973
-- -------- -----
1974 1975 1970 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981. 1882 ' 1M 1984 1885 1886 1887 1BBB 1988
- -- -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.8 93.1 197.4 286.6 14.3 loo. 2 188.6 281.8 4.9 89.1 198.9 270.5 5.6 85.8 201.0 202.7 24.7 116.8 222.8
15.5 17.1 19.0 19.2 18.2 10.2 14.1 10.5 6.8 3.7 2.5 1.5 1.5 2.4 4.9 6.9 9.2 11.0 14.8
211.5 214.8 218.4 21s. 2 215.8 211.5 207.6 200.9 194.3 188.2 185.6 183.1 182.6 184.2 189.3 193.5 l a . 3 203.3 210.0
80.3 245.2 81.8 282 4 90.0 2%. 4 99.7 297.9 130.9 310.2 110.6 313.4 158.2 350.3 135.8 334.5 188.0 25.5 160.0
48.0 307.8 234 9 158 7 51.8 302 5 198.6 135.7 41.8 291.5 170.8 87.9 30.0 201.6 171.7 . 8 2 0 31.2 2QQ.1 179.8
260.8 8.0 84.5 185. a 285.8 20.0 101.8 201. 8 301.9 42 0 117. 9 218.4 319.1 80.0 136.8 238.1 339.0 81.0 158 1
40.2 11.9 306.8 277.9 248.6 219.0 152.7 122.7 92.8 63.0 350.8 327.0 288.0 ,270.0 205. 2 177.2 149.3 121.0 57.1
173.0 15.9 109.1 10.5 311.5 52.1. 203.0 43.7 243.8 84.0 235.8 70.7 278.1 120.0 273.0 110.2 319.1 162.1 316.2
80.4 23.9 253.0 195.8 137.2 78.1 305.3 245.6 185.7 1%. 0 353.7 295.1 237.2 180.0 50.3 354.3 298.7 243.1 114.2
347.1 31.8 338.2 21.0 63.0 104.1 47.1 87.3 127.5 188.0 111.0 153.4 196.2 240.0 187.1 32.4 278.2 324.1 2723
282.7 295.2 270.0 282 0 293.8 305.3 279.3 290.0 301.9 313.3 287.4 288.2 311.2 323.4 298.4 311.0 323.7 330.4 311.7
298.7 222.4 95.4 18.7 301.8 224.0 90.8 18.4 302.0 224.7 97.0 20.0 303.2 226.7 loo. 0 23.8 307.8 331.9 105.3
249.0 347.8 01.7 162 0 203.6 0.5 85.7 191.3 200.9 41.6 119.4 221.1 321.4 00.8 134.2 232.0 330.7 m.8 141.0
326.4 2320 163.9 04.6 321.1 212 0 1%. 5 9.8 253.0 139.2 57. 5 313.0 213.9 117.0 51.0 318.5 227.0 135.0 71.2
350.0 350.2 349.5 349.7 350.0 350.2 349.5 349.7 349.9 350.2 349.4 349.7 349.9 350.2 349.4 349.0 349.9 350.1 349.4
265.0 276.0 247.2 258.7 271.5 285.8 203.2 280.1 297.0 312.9 289.0 301.9 313.5 324. 3 285.8 305.4 314.8 324.2 2Q5.3
281.0 202.2 7 2 0 355.4 378.5 205.1 80.7 8.8 m.0 224.3 88. 5 22.7 305.0 227.5 97.4 18.3 399.0 219.0 88.9
177.0 177.3 178.0 177.8 177.5 177.3 178.0 177.7 177.5 177.2 178.0 177.7 l i 7 . 4 177.2 177.8 177.7 177.4 177.2 177.9
180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180. a 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
24 27 20 2.3 25 ' 2.7 20 2.3 25 2.8 20 2.3 2.0 2.8 21 2. 3 2.0 28 2. 1
197.4 108.1 7.0 278.8 189.8 100.0 358.2 288.8 179.4 90.0 347.8 258.8 170.0 81.4 340. a 251.9 163.9 75.9 334.8
172 1 14.0 107.0 8.4 209.7 50.7 252.8 43.6 244.4 85.3 237.6 78.8 ?so.2 121.9 275.1 117.2 319.4 161.0 315.0
156.1 80.8 341.5 271.7 201. 'I 131.4 2.5. a 314.9 244.4 174.0 68.0 358.0 288.2 218.6 113.5 44.3 335. 2 2682 161.4
138.4 00.0 318.7 248.4 178.4 111.9 9.2 304.3 239.4 173.6 09.0 0.7 280.5 219.4 110.9 38.8 326.4 254.0 145.0
2823 15.1 103.0 204.4 304.0 42.2 115.9 212.3 308.9 45.7 120.4 219.8 320.5 02.4 141.7 245.0 348.8 92.0 172.8
158.1 358.8 150.0 351.4 193.3 36.9 189.4 33.2 237. n 80.4 233.3 75.3 270.0 117.6 26.3. e 108.3 309.9 150.5 301.4
189.5 303.2 354.6 107.2 219.5 331.3 21.1 132 4 243.8 355.3 45.3 157.5 242.2 23.4 75. I 188.1 303. 2 57.5 109.8
24%. 8 8.0 84.5 185.3 285.8 26.0 101. s 201.8 301.9 4 2 0 117.9 218.4 319.1 Bo. 0 136. E 238.1 339.6 s1.0 158.1
93.3 352.0 275.6 174.7 74.2 334.0 258.2 158. 2 58.1 318.0 242.1 141.0 40.9 300.0 223.2 121.9 20.4 279. 0 201.9
308.7 212 4 141.1 41.3 m.8 193.0 110.4 859.3 248.0 138.8 59.0 310.2 216.2 118.4 48.4 313.0 218.1 133.4 54.8
93.2 352.0 275.5 174.7 74.2 334.0 258.2 1%. 2 58.1 318.0 2421 141.0 40.9 300.0 223. I 121.9 20.4 279. 0 201.9
344.0 7 2 8 174.0 263.3 352.0 80.7 182.5 271.2 0.0 88.7 190.5 279.2 7. 8 98.6 198.4 287.1 15.9 104.0 200.4
280.0 279.8 280.5 m.a 280.0 279.8 280.6 280.3 280.1 279.8 280.0 280.3 280.1 279.8 280.
mi.
I 280.4 250.1 279. 8
200.7 200.2 199.8
280.0
201.3
200.0 199.5 201.0 200. 5 200.0 199.0 201. I Mo. 0 200.1 199.0 201. 1 200.0 200.2 199.7
-- ----- - --- -
Table 15.-Eqiiilibrium argument ( Vo+ u) for meridian of ,Greenwich at beginning o f each calendar
- gear, 1850 t o 2000-Con.
-
1
p111992
Constituent
314.4
16.7
413.8
45.2
18.0
216.6
0
135.2
18.7
217.6
0
237.9
19.4
218.5
1994
325.0
ia 0.
215.4
": I
1997
-- -
: ' . 134.0
50.2
15.6
210.3
122
m.0
0
231.1
9.5
199.a
lW8
322 5
6.0
192 7
0
39.3
3.2
187.2
.a
125.8
1.5
183.4
22 212.4 49.0 305.8 30.4 m.4 88.7 !242 7 59.3 244.2 83.7
85.9 33.5 305.0 184.1 79.3 rL9 283.5 176.8 64.8 318.9 251.4
m.4 0.6 101.3 177.6 278.0 iaa 1183 194.0 284.0 34. 2 134 5
29.1 0.7 3320 286.4 297.0 207.3 177.4 110.Q 81.0 61.3 21.8
158.7 0.9 2027 355. 2 198.0 36.4 236.6 27.9 2%.0 88.4 288.1
58.1 1.4 304.0 1728 114.0 54.6 364.9 a21. 8 lea 1 102.6 43.6
817.5 1.8 45.3 350.3 31.9 728 113.2 55.8 96.1 138.8 17s. 1
324.3 336.7 348 8 31.3 334.9 346.4 357.8 331.7 83.0 354.5 6.1
29.2 312.8 18.3 108.9 31.8 314.6 17.3 109.4 . 320 314.7 237.6
240.1 339.0 7a 7 154.0 256.1 359.7 104.8 185.2 290.5 34.6 137.2
338.4 W.8 148.6 73.2 327.7 97.2 la3 12.5 ab6.5 144.4 37.4
34.6 349.8 350.1 349.3 , 34.6 349.8 350.1 349.3 349.6 349.8 350.0
306.0 315.2 326.1 289.7 313.0 322 9 339.5 354.9 6.8
9.9 291.4 213.6 85.4 10.0 1M).6 38.6 315.? 240.3
117.6 177.4 177.1 177.8 177.6 177.3 177.1 177.8 177.5 177.3 177.0
180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0
0.0 a0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ao ao 0.0
28 . 22 24 27 28 22 ' 2. 5 27 3.0
246.6 158.2 W.6 327.7 238.6 149.4 80.0 317.6 238.1 138.8 49.6
358.8
227 m 5 353.2 194.3 35.3 !236..1 282 238.0 69.9 271.0
922)
157.1 313.1 207. 5 137.4 67.0 356.6 25a4 180.0 108.6 39.4
729 1.3 290.4 183.8 115.4 48.6 343.1 241.6 176.5 110.1 42 1
276.0 . ias 120.0 197.0 296.0 33.8 130.5 m.4 300.0 37.4 138.0
142.1 3429 184.0 336.8 177.9 20.8 234.4 16.4 222 1 65.2 287.6
223.6 337.1 8al 140.8 252.9 ' 4.6 116.1 165.6 277.0 38.7 140.6
268.4 0.5 101.3 177.6 278.0 18.2 1183 194.0 29c 0 34.a 134.5
325.8 225.5
I
100.8 358.5 253 7 182.4 83.0 841.8 241.7 166.0 66.0
318.2 2224 124.0 48.6 305.9 188.8 88.8 3.7 7.53.0 144.8 40.1
lW.6 359.5 258.7 la24 82 0 341.8 241.7 168.0 88.0 325.8 225.6
m.1 23.8 1125 214.3 303.0 31.8 In5 2223 311.0 39.7 128 4
m.9 280. 7 280.4 280.7 sa4 280.2 !280.0
199.8 201.3 200.8 301.4 m.8 m 4 2o(xO
Table l&-Differences t o adapt table 15 t o beginning of each calendar month
Constituent
I - .- -
Month of year
-
Oct. Nov . DW.
-
Feb. Mar. Apr. May
7 -
June July
7 - SepL
AW.
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.00 75.57 108. 99 184.56 1 6 . os 321.65 23.17 98.74 174.31 235.84 311.39 12.91
0.00 so.58 58.15 88.71 iiaB 14s. 83 178 40 aos. 98 239.51 269.08 299.64 329.21
0.00 61.11 116.31 i n . 42 236.56 297. ea 356. so 57.91 119. 01 178.16 239.27 298.41
0.00 9.19 52.33 61.54 82.02 91.21 111.71 120.90 130.09 150.59 159.78 180.29
0. 00 345.54 7.32 36486 350.48 336.02 333.64 319. 18 304.72 m34 287.8s 385.50
0.00 342. 09 0.75 342.83 337.11 319.20 313.47 295.58 W.65 91.93 254.01 us.29
0.00 324.17 1.49 325.66 314.22 2%. 39 288.95 231.12 195.30 183.85 148.02 138.58
0.00 308.26 ?. 24 308 50 291.33 237.59 220.42 146.88 112. 94 95. 75 4a. 04 24.87
0.00 2s.35 2.98 291.33 263.44 196. 79 173. en 102.24 30.59 7.70 M05 273.16
0.00 252 52 4.48 257.00 222.66 115.18 80.85 333.37 225.89 191.55 84.07 49.74
0.00 216.8 5.97 422 66 176.88 33. .is 347.80 m.49 61.15 15.40 232.10 1M).33
0.00 279.16 310.66 229.82 186.42 105.58 62.18 341.34 260.50 217.11 136.27 e?. 87
0.00 334.14 259.82 133.97 1.62 292.77 217. 42 91.5i 325.71 250.36 1%. 51 49.16
0. 00 293.62 303.34 ?36.98 105.94 129. 56 88.55 23.16 315.75 274.77 209.30 167.37
0. MI 127.49 172W ma 46 40.61 1R8.10 388.26 35.75 163.24
130.49
283.39
90.92
30.89
60.36
131.04
30.79
0.00 329.44 301.85 El.29 241.74 211.17 m1.m 151.04
0.00 248. 60 252 50 141.11 08.14 316.75 24%78 132.39 20.N 308.03 194.83 123.67
0.00 203.59 201.67 45.28 300.34 143.93 39.01 242 61 se.a0 341.23 184.87 79.96
329. 21
0.00 30.56 58.15 88.71 115 28 148.83 178.40 308.96 ?39.51 280.08 299.64
0.00 0.00 0.00 am 0.00 0. MI 0.00 am 0.00 0.00 n. 0 0 0.00
0.00 329.44 301.85 271.29 241.72 211.17 181.60 151.04 120. 49 90.92 60.36 30.79
0.00 314.98 3 9 I6 2114.15 332 20 187.1s 155.3 110. a3 65.21 33.28 348 3 316.20
0.00 285.35 -. 9s 291.33 288.44 106.79 1i3.90 102 24 30.59 7. 70 %a05 37%16
0.00 33%36 53.82 27.18 36.24 9.60 18.88 352.02 325.38 334.44 307.81 316.87
0.00 301.81 35s. 66 298.47 277.96 !EO. 71 200.26 143.07 85.87 65.36 8.17 347.66
0.00 354.73 59.64 54.37 72.50 67.23 85.35 80. os 74.81 9293 87.60 105.79
0.00 257.79 304.83 202 62 150.16 41.98 355.50 253. a0 151.08 98.62 356.41 303.95
0.00 243.33 312 15 195.48 140.64 23.97 329.13 212.47 95.80 40.96 384.29 238.45
0.00 324.17 1.49 335. BB 314.22 ma 39 286. 95 231.12 195.30 153.85 148.02 136.58
223.42
0.00 35.83 358.51 34.34 45.78 81.61 93.05 128.88 164.70 176.15 211.98
0. 00 96.94 114.82 211.76 282 34 19.n 89.88 m.79 233.73 354.31 91.25 161.83
223.42
n. 00 35.83 358.51 34.34 45.78 81.61 93.05 128.88 1134. 70 176.15 211.98
0.00 45.02 50.84 95.85 127.80 172 (11 204.76 249.7s 294.79 328.74 11.76 43.71
0.00 30.56 56 15 88.71 118.28 148. 83 175 40 20s.96 239.51 269. os m.64 320.21
0.00 61.11 116. 31 177.42 236.56 297.M 356.80 57.91 119.02 178.16 239.z 298.41
- -
*Tbis table was designed for direct use for common ye=. For a leap ear the values given for the months of Mar& to DEember, inclusive, apply to tbe last day of the pre-
ceding month but may be used directly, provided an al!owance is made in %e day of month as indicated in the.fo1lowing.table.
tThe first line for constltuent MI gives the differenceas hased upon the formulain table 2; the second line gives the differences aa derived from the half speed of constituent MI.
tThe differences for constltuents SI,Sr, 84, Sa, etc., are each zero for every month.
Table 17.-Differences t o adapt table 15 to beginning of each day of month
I - Day of month*
Constituent
I 1 2 3
--
0
-.-- 4 I 10 I 11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
am 14.05 28.10 4 2 15 MI. m 70.25 84.30 88.35 11241 126.46 140.51
am 0.69 1.97 2 96 3.94 4.93 5.91 6.90 7.88 s.87 9.88
0.00 1.97 3.94 5.91 7.88 9.86 11.83 13.80 15.77 17-74 19.71
aoo 348. 68 337.37 326.06 314.73 3W. 42 292 10 280.78 289.47 258.15 24a. 84
0.00 347.92 335.84 31.76 811.88 289.80 387.52 275.44 283.37 261. m 39.21
0.00 347.81 335.62 3 1 . 43 311.24 !Bo. 05 286.86 274. WI 282.47 m. as 238.09
a00 336.62 311.24 286.88 asa 47 238. 09 213.71 189.33 164.96 140.67 .ne. 18
aoo 91.43 , 288.86 234.28 213.71 177.14 140.57 103.99 67.42 30.85 35.L 28
am 311.24 12.47 213.71 164.95 116.18 67.42 18.66 329. m 2211.13 23237
0.00 386.88 213.71 140.57 67.42 354.28 281.13 am.ge 134.84 61.70 34s. 58
0.00 28247 164.95 67.4.a 329.90 232 37 134.84 37.32 aw. 79 202.27 104.74
0. 00 322 55 7s. 11 247.66 210.21 172 77 135.32 97.88 BO. 43 23.sa 345.54
aoo 309.49 258.98 m.47 157.95 107.44 58.93 6.42 315.91 35.40 214.89
0.00 334.63 308.a7 m.90 258.63 233.16 301.80 182. 43 157.08 131.70 106.33
0.00 27.34 Me8 82.02 109.35 138.69 164. W 191.37 218.71 246.05 273.38
0.00 -0.99 -1.97 -2 96 -3.94 -4.93 -5.91 -6.90 -7.88 -8.87 -9.88
aoo 321.57 283.14 244.70 206.27 167.84 129.41 90.98 52.54 14.11 335.68
aoo 308. w 257.01 205.51 154.01 102.61 51.02 359.52 308.02 256.53 205.03
0.00 0.69 1.97 2.96 3.94 4.93 5.91 6.90 7.88 8.87 9. SB
aoo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 -a 69 -1.97 -2.96 -3.94 -4.93 -6.91 -6. 90 -7.88 -8.87 -9.88
0.00 848.93 333.87 330.80 807.74 284.68 281.61 26854 256.48 242 42 ?a35
.
0.00 311.24 263.47 313.71 164.95 iia 18 67.42 is. e6 329.90 ' 281.13 232 37
am 324.30 288.60 262.91 217.21 181.51 145.81 110.11 74.42 38.72 3.02
a00 3?3.33 286. e3 249.95 213.27 176.58 139.90 103.21 68.53 29. 85 353.16
am 336.60 313.21 289.81 266.42 243.02 319.62 196.23 172.83 149.44 126. 04
0.00 310.25 360.50 210.75 161.00 111.28 91.51 11.76 322 01 372 36 222 51
0.00 288.17 236.34 174.52 112 69 50.88 349.03 287.m 235.38 163.56 101.72
0. 00 335.62 311.24 288.86 282 47 1 8 . 09 213.71 189.33 164.96 140.57 116.18
am 24.38 48.76 73.14 97.53 121.91 146. 29 170.67 195.05 219.43 u3.82
0.00 28.35 5!d. 71 79.06 105.41 131.76 158.12 184.47 210.82 237.18 m.53
am 24.38 48.76 73.14 97.53 121.91 146.39 170.67 195.05 219.43 243.82
0.00 13.07 28.13 39. m 6 2 36 05.32 7s. 39 91.46 104.64 117.58 130.65
0.00 aw 1.97 2.96 3.94 4.93 5.91 6.90 7.88 8.87 9.88
0.00 1.97 3.94 6.91 7.88 9.86 11.83 13.80 15.77 17.74 19.71
-
*The table is adapted directly for use with common years, but iI the required date fallsbetween Mar.1 and Dec. 31, inclusive, in a leap year the day of month should be inereased
by one before enterlng the table.
tThe f l r t line for constituent MI gives the differences as based upon the formula in table 2. the second line gives the differenm as derived from the half speed of constltuent MI.
$The differen= for constltuents SI.Sr, Sd, So, etc., are each zero for the beginning of eTery dw.
Table 17.-Differences t o adapt table 25 t o beginning of each day of month-Continued
I. Day of month*
- -
---
13 14 15 10 17 l8 19 21 aa
- -- -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I Day of month.
Constltuent
I
T 24
- '25 as
- 27 28
- 28 30
- 31
--
32 I
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I - Hour of day
Constituent
lo 0 0 0
3
0
4
0
5
0
-
0
0
7
0
8
-
0
9 10
-- -
0 0
11
0.00 15.59 31.17 40.70 02.34 77.93 93.51 108.10 1% 68 140. a7 155.85 171.44
0.00 15.04 30.08 45.12 00.10 75. 21 w.35 105.29 120.33 135.37 160.41 165.45
0. 00 30. 08 Bo. 10 90.25 120. 33 150.41 180.49 ala 57 wa68 270.74 300.82 330.90
0.00 29. 53 59. OB 88.59 118.11 147.04 177.17 200.70 230.21 205.76 m.a8 324.81
0.00 14. SO as.99 43.49 57.99 7 2 48 86.98 101.48 115.97 130.47 144.97 159.40
0.00 14.49 28.98 43.48 67.97 7240 86.95 101.44 115.94 130.43 144.92 159.41
0.00 28. 98 57.97 86.95 115.94 144.92 173.90 m
89 a31.87 200.88 289.84 318.83
0.00 43.48 86.95 130.43 173. 90 zl7.38 280.88 304.33 347.81 31.29 7 4 76 118.24
0.00 57.97 115.94 173.90 231.87 ass.84 347.81. 45.78 103.75 101.71 219.68 . 277.65
0.00 86.95 173.90 280.88 347.81 74.70 101.71 248.07 335.02 02 57 149.53 230.48
0.00 115.94 231.87 347.81 103.75 219.68 335.62 . 91.55 207.49 323.43 79.30 195.30
0.00 28.44 60.88 85.32 113.76 142.20 170.64 199. 08 227.62 255.96 284.40 31284
0.00 27.90 55.79 83.09 111.68 139.48 107.37 195.27 223.16 251.00 z7a 95 306.85
0.00 13.94 27.89 41.83 55.77 09.72 83.68 97.00 111.54 125.49 139.43 153.37
0.00 16.14 3 2 28 4 a 42 04.56 80. m 96. 83 112 97 129.11 145.25 101.39 177.53
0.00 14.90 29.92 4488 69.84 74.79 89.75 104.71 119.67 134 63 149.59 164.55
0.00 13.40 26.80 40.20 53.59 06.99 80.39 93.79 107.19 120. 69 133.99 147.39
0. 00 1 2 85 25.71 38.50 51.42 04.27 77.13 89.98 102 83 115.09 128. 54 141.40
aoo 30.04 00.08 90. 12 1%. 10 150. 21 180.25 210. as 240.33 270.37 300.41 330.45
0.00 15.00 30.00 45.00 00. 00 75.00 90.00 105.00 1%. 00 135.00 150.00 165.00
0.00 30.00 00.00 90.00 1%. 00 150.00 190.00 ala 0 0 240.00 270.00 300.00 330.00
0.00 00.00 120. 0 0 180.00 !MI.00 300.00 aoo 60.00 120.00 180.00 uo.00 300.00
0.00 90. 00 180.00 270.00 0.00 80.00 180.00 270.00 0.00 90.00 180.00 270.00
0.00 29.96 59.92 89.88 119.84 149.79 179.75 2OD. 71 239.07 288.63 269.59 329.55
0.00 29.40 68.91 88.37 117.83 147.28 176.73 m 1 9 235.65 285.10 294.50 324.01
0.00 27.97 65.94 83.90 111.87 139. 84 107.81 196.78 223.75 251.71 279.68 307.65
am 28.51 57.03 85.54 114.05 143 50 171.08 199.59 2% 10 a58.01 285.13 313.04
0.00 13.47 28.94 40.41 53.89 07.30 w.83 94.30 107.77 121.24 134.72 ua 19
0. 00 44.03 88.05 132.08 170.10 220.13 284.15 308.18 352.20 3a. 23 80.25 1%. a8
0.00 4 2 93 85.85 1%. 78 171.71 214.04 257.50 300.49 343.42 28.34 09.27 i n 20
0.00 57.42 114.85 i7a n ZZQ.m 287. 12 344.54 41.97 99.39 156.81 214.24 27l.06
am 68.98 117.97 176.95 235.94 294.92 353.90 52m 111.87 170.88 229.I 288.83
0.00 31.02 62 03 93.05 124. OB 155.08 186.10 217.11 248.13 279.14 310.10 341.17
0.00 1.10 2.20 3.29 4.39 6.49 6.69 7.09 am 9.88 io. 98 12. 08
am 1. oa 203 3.05 4. OB 6.08 6.10 7. 11 a 13 9.14 io. 16 11..17
0.00 a54 1. 08 1.63 2 18 a 72 3. n 3.81 4.35 4.90 6.44 6.99
aoo 0.04 am a 12 0.16 a ai 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.37 0.41 0.4
a00 0.08 a 10 0.25 0.33 . au 0.49 a 57 a 130 0.74 am am
tThe flrst line for constituent MIgives the differencesas based upon the formula in table 2; the sewnd llne gives the difierences as derived horn the half speed of constituent My.
Table 18.-Differences t o adapt table 15 to beginning of each hour of day-Continued
- --
Hour of day
-
Constituent
I
--
12 13 14 I 16 10 17 18 19 21 22 2
!a
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
187.03 2M 01 218.20 233.78 249.37 aac. 95 !Bo. 54 296.12 311.71 327. 28 342.88 358.47
180 49 195.53 210.57 325.62 240.66 w.m 270.74 285.78 300. 82 316.88 330.90 346.94
0.99 31.07 01.15 91. 23 121.31 151.40 181.48 211.60 241.64 271.72 301.81 331.89
354 34 !XI. 87 55 40 82.93 112. 40 141.98 171.51 201.04 230 57 280.10 289.63 319.10
173.90 188.46 202.95 217.45 231.95 248.44 280.94 275.44 288.93 309.43 31s. w 333.42
173.90 188 40 202.89 217.38 231.87 240.30 280.88 275.35 289.84 301.33 318 83 333.32
347.81 10.79 45.78 74.70 103. 75 132.73 101.71 iw.m 219.68 248.07 277.85 300.63
101.71 205.19 248.67 292.14 335.02 19.09 02.57 100.05 148.51 193.00 m4
8 279.85
335.62 33.59 91.55 149.52 207.49 265.40 323.43 381.40 79.30 137.33 195.30 258.27
323.43 50.38 137.33 224.B 311.24 38.19 125.14 212 OD 288.05 28.00 112 95 190.90
311.24 07.17 183.11 La. 05 54.88 170. 82 2%. 80 4 2 79 158.73 274.00 30. 60 140.64
341.28 9.72 38.10 60.60 95.04 123.48 151.92 180.35 m 7 9 237.23 205.67 284.11
334.74 2.64 30.53 58.43 80.33 114 143.13 im. 01 197.91 225.80 253.70 281.59
107.32 181.26 195.20 209.15 223. 09 237.03 250.97 204.92 27s. 86 a92.80 306.75 330.69
193.07 209.81 225.95 242 OD 258.33 274.30 290.50 306.64 322 78 338.92 355. OB 11. 20
179.51 194.47 209.43 M138 !Be. 34 254.30 269.28 !m.22 298.18 314.14 329.10 34406
180.78 174.18 187.58 200.98 214.38 227.78 241. la 254.57 B7.97 281. 37 m.77 308.17
154.25 107.11 179.96 192 81 205.67 215.52 S l . 38 244. 257.09 269.94 !m.79 296.05
0.49 30.53 00. 57 Go.63 120.88 150.70 180.74 210.78 240.82 370.88 300. on 330.94
180.00 195.00 210.00 z 5 . 00 240.00 255.00 210. 00 285.00 300.00 315.00 330. 00 345.00
0.00 30. M) 00. 00 90.00 120. 00 150.00 180.00 210.00 240. 00 270.00 300.00 330. 00
0.00 00. 00 120.00 180.00 240.00 m.00 0.00 eo.00 120.00 180.00 10.00 800.00
0. 00 90.00 180.00 270.00 0.00 90.00 180. 00 270.00 0.00 90.00 180.00 270.00
359.51 29.47 59.43 89.38 119.34 149.30 179.20 209.22 19.18 269.14 299.10 329. OB
353.47 329a sa.38 81.83 111.29 140.75 170.20 199.66 229.11 258.57 moa 317.48
336.62 3.59 31.55 59.52 87.49 115.40 143.43 171.40 IOB. 30 227.33 256.30 283.27
342 15 10.00 39.18 07. 69 90.20 124.71 153. !23 181.74 210.25 238.70 %7. 28 285.79
101.00 175.13 188.00 m
07 215.54 229.02 242.49 255.90 269.43 !m.90 awl. 37 309.84
168.30 212.33 Q3.35 m.38 344 40 18.43 73.45 110.48 180.50 204.53 348.66 292.68
155.13 198.05 240.98 283.91 326.83 9.70 6 2 69 96.62 138.54 181.47 224.40 267.32
328. 09 26.51 83.93 141.30 198.78 250.21 313.63 11.05 88.48 125.90 183.32 240.75
347.81 40.79 105.78 164. i 0 223.75 a8273 341.71 40. m 99.88 158.07 217.05 276.63
1 2 18 43.21 74.22 105.24 136.25 107.27 198. 29 229.30 260.32 291.33 322 35 353.37
13.18 14.27 15.37 10.47 17.57 18.67 19.70 20.86 21.90 23.06 24 10 25.25
12.19 13.31 14.22 15.24 10.25 17.27 1s. 28 19.30 20. 32 21.33 22.36 23. 37
0.53 7.08 7.02 a 17 8.71 9.25 9.80 10.34 10.89 11.43 11.98 12.52
0.49 0.63 a 57 am 0.66 0. m a 74 0.78 0.82 0.80 0.90 0.94
0.99 1. 07 1.15 1.23 1.31 1.40 1.48 1.56 1.04 1.72 1.81 1.89
tThe &st line for constituentM Igives the differences as based upon the formula in table 2; the second line gives the differences as derived from the ball speed of constituoiit MI.
218 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC S " E Y
:I1
,008
:E
,267
.521
.533
.526
.780
.782
.785
1.039
1.041
1.044
1.288
1.300
1.303
1.557
1.559
1.562
1.816
1.818
1.821
2075
2077
2.080
2.334
2.336
2.339
,528 ,787 1.046 1.305 1.564 1.823 2.082 2.341
.531 .7w 1.049 1.308 1.567 1.828 2.085 2.344
:q :%
.534 .793 1.052 1.311 1.570 1.829 2.088 2.347
.536 ..795 1.054 1.313 1.572 1.831 2090 2.349
'.539 .798 1.057 1.316 1.575 1.834 2.m3 2.352
,023
-- .282 .541
- .800
-- ----
1.059 1.318 1.577 1.836 2.095 2.354
,028
- .285
- -
.544
- - -- ---
.so3 1.062 1.321 l . m 1.839 2.098 2357
.m .a7 .546 .a5 1.064 1.323 1.582 1.841 2. 100 2.3.58
.031 .390 ,549 .808 1.067 1.326 1.585 1.&4 2.103 2362
,034 ,293 .552 .811 1.070 1.329 1.588 1.847 2.106 2.385
:I
:
.041
.300 /
I
.554
.557
.559
.813
,816
.818
1.072
1.075
1.077
1.331
1.334
1.336
'
1.590
1.593
1.595
1.849
1.852
1.854
2.108
2.111
2.113
2.367
2370
2.372
.562 .821 1.080 1.339 1.698 1.857 2.116 2.375
.585 .824 1.083 1.342 1.Bol 1.860 2.119 2.878
.567 .826 1.085
--
1.34.4 1.603 1.862 2.121 2.380
I .570 .829 1.606 1.86513.1wla.383
.052 .311 1.088
--
1.347
--- ~~~
--
,104 .622
- --
1 1
.363 .881 1.140 1.399 1.658 1.917
- - 2.176 2.435
.lo6 .365 .6!24 .883 1.142 1.401 1.660 1.919 2.178 2.437
.1m .368 .627 ,886 1.145 1.404 1.663 1.922 2.181 ' 2.440
,111 .370 .629 .888 1.147 1.406 1.665 1.924 2.183 2.442
.114 .373 ,632 .891 1.m 1.409 1.868
.117 .376 .635 .894 1.153 1.412 1.671
.ll9 ,378 .637 .896 1. 155 1.414 1.673
.122 .a1 .640 .899 1.158 1.417 1.676
.124 .383 .642 .901 1.160 1.419 1.678
--
.127 .645 .904
-- ---
1.423
-- -
.130
.386
.388 .648
1.163
-
1.166 1.424
1.681
1.882 1.943 1 2.203 I 2.460
0 1
-a
- 4
7 1 8 1 0
HkRMOMC ANALYSIS AND PFWJXCTION OF TIDES 219
Table 19.-Products for Form 194-Continued
[Mdtipller=sin 1So=0. 2591
- - --
-
.o
- - - --
1 8
I. 648
8
0.906
4 5
1.424
6 1
1.w 1.942
7 1 8 1 6
I
.137 .396 .655 .914 .l. 173 1.432 1.891 1.650
.140 .399 .658 .917 1.176 1.435 1.694 1.953 2.212 2.471
.142 .401 .ooo .919 1.178 1.437 1.696 1.955 2.214 2.473
.145 .404 ,663 .922 1.181 1.440 1.699 1.958 2.217 2.476
..I50
I48 .407 .RB6 .925
.927
1.184
1.186
1.443
1.445
1.702
1.704
1.961 2.320 2.479
.409 .6Bs 1.533 2 . 2 4 2.481
.1N( .412 .671 .w
- 1.189 1.448 1.707
-- 1.966 2.225 2.484
,155
-
.414
-
.673
-
,802 1.191 1.450 1.709
-- 1.888
I
_.
- .4fa
.207
.210
,466 .725
.728
2.2821
.984
.987
1.243
1.246
1.502
1.505
1.761
1.7641 2.t.l
2.020 2.279
2.284
2.538
4543
2511
.ala
.215
.21s
.a20
.323
.471
.474
.477
.479
.482
.730
.733
,738
.738
.741
.sa9
.m
.995
.W'i
1. ooo
1.248
1.251
1.254
1.258
1.259
1.507
1.510
1.513
1.516
1.518
1.766
1.774
1.777
I 1 1
1.769 2.028
1.772 2.031
2.033
2.036
2.287
3.290
2.292
2.285
2.646
2.649
2.651
2554
.225 .484 .743 1. oli2 1.281 1.63
.m .a7 .746 1.005 l . M 1.523
-.2(1
-.490
- - --
.749 1.008 1.267 1.5%
-
.233 .4w
- -
.751
- --
1.010 1.269 1.SZ
.236 .495 .154 1.013 1.272 1.531 1.790 2.049 2.308 2.567
.238 .497 .756 1.015 1.274 1.5% 1.792 2.051 2.310 3.569
.241 .m .759 1.018 1.277 1.M 1.795 2.054 2.313 2.572
.24a .5w .761 1.020 1.279 1.538 1.797 2056 2.315 2.574
.ai .Em .764 1.023 1.282 1.541 1.800 2059 2.318 2.577
.%I .508 .767 I. 026 1.285 1.544 1.803 2.062 2.321 2.580
.251
:M
.510
.SI3
.i69
.m
1.028
1.031
1.28'1
1.290
1.54t
1.MI
1.805
1.808
2.m
3.067
2.323
2.326
2.582
2.586
.m -.515
- .774
- --
1.033 1.292 1.551 1.810 2.069 2.328 2.5!37
.518 1 I I
- -- .m 1.036 1.295 1.6s 1.813 2.072 2.331 2.m
- --
1 3 S 4 6
220 U. S. O A S T A N D GEODETIC S"RVEY
- - -
+If ________________
-8
-4
-- -
7 8 D
--
1.050 1.550
- 2.0%
--- --
3.5m 4.050 4.550
--
. 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,055
.18.
.lS.
______________
- ___________
__
.OB0
,065 I .555
,560
.565
1.055
I. 060
1.065
1. @70
1.075
1.555
1.560
1.665
1.570
1.575
a 055
2. ow)
2.065
2.070
2.075
2.555
2.560
2.565
2.5iO
2.575
3.056
3.0w
3.065
3.0iO
3.07.5
3.556
3.560
3.565
3.5iO
3.575
4.055
4.060
4.065
4.070
4.075
4.656
4.m
4.565
4.5';O
4.575
1.080 580
.l. 2. (Bo 3.580 3.050 3.580 4.090 4.580
1.085 1.585 2.085 2.585 3.085 3.585 4.085 4.585
1.090 1.590 2. OW 2.590 3.080 3.590 4.090 4. .wo
1.095 1.595
-
2.085 2.595 3.095
---
3.595
-
4.095 4.595
1.100
-
1.105
1.600
1.605
-
2. 100
2.105
2.600
2.605
3.100
3.105
--
3.600
3.605
4.100
-
4.600
4.105 4.605
1.110 1.610 2.110 3.610 3.110 3.610 4.110 4.610
1.115 1.615 2.115 2.615 3.115 3.615 4.315 4.615
1.120 1.6% 2.120 2.620 3.120 3.620 4.120 4.620
1.125 1.625 2.155 2.625 2.125 3.15 4.125 4. R25
1.130 1.630 2. 130 2.630 3.130 3.630 4.130 4.630
1.135 1.635 2.135 3.635 3.135 .3.635 4.135 4.635
1.140 !. ti40 2.140 2.640 3.140 3.640 4.140 4.640
-- 1.145 1.645
-- 2.145 2.645 3.135 3.645 4.145 4.645
.30--. _____________f ,150 I .850 1.150 1.650 2.150
--__ -- -
3. G5ll 3.150
--
3.G50 4.150
-
4.650
~~
2.700
3.195
-- -
8.W5 4.195 4.695
3.200. 3.7@0 4.200 4.700
1.2115 1.705 2.205 2.705 3.205 3.705 4.205 4.705
i.210 1.710 2.210 2.710 2.210 3.710 4.210 4.710
1.215, 1.715 2.215 2.715 3.215 3.715 4.215 4.715
.44. -
.45. -
.46
- - - - ___ - -
______________
.___: __________ 1 1 .220
,225
,230
.720
,725
.730
1.220
1.225
1.230
1.235
'1.240
1.720
1.725
1.730
1.735
1.740
2.220
2.225
2.230
3.235
2.240
.2.720
2.725
2.7xJ
2.735
2.740
3.220
3.225
3.230
3.235
3.240
3.720
3.725
3.730
3.735
.3.740
4.220
4.225
4.230
4.235
4.240
4.720
4.725
4.730
4.735
4.740
1.245
-- 1.74s 2 245
-- -
2.745
-.-
3.245
--
3.745 4.245
-
4.745
---
I. 250 1.710 2.250 .2.i50 3.250
-- -
3.750 4.250 4.750
-8 3 4 7
- 8 D
OF TIDES
HARMONIC ANALYSIS A~+D P ~ D I C % I O N _. 22i
. .
Table 19.-Products for 'Form'194-Continued
..
... . - ... .. . . ._.. - . .
--
-- 0 1
--
' a ' 4
----
- 6 7 8 9
-0.250
i_
.265'
.0.750
' .765 1.255
1. ;so. 2 . . q
-
1.755
-
2.255
2.750
_.
2.755
----
-3.250. -3..750
' :3.15 $756.
'4.'?40' "3.760
'4.255' '. 4.755
.260 .760 ,l.260 1.760 2.280 2.760 3.260, .3.760. 4.280' ' 4.760
.285 .765 1.265 1.765 '2. 265 2.765 3.285 3.765 4.'285' ' 4.765
.270 1.270 i. 770 '2.270 2.770 13.270 3.770. ..4.%0: 3.770
.275 : '..770
775 .I. 275 1.775 2.275 2.775 3.275 -.3.775 4.275 4.775
.280 _.780, 1.280 1.780 2. a80 2.780 3.280 3.780. 4.280'. 4.780
.285 .%< 1.285 1. 785 2.285 2.785 3.285 3.785 4:285: 4.785
.290 ..7m 1.2w 1.790 2.290 2.790 3.290 3.790 4.290 4.m
..295 ,795 .I. 295 1.795 2.295 2.795 .3.295 3.795 '4.295" 4.795
--
;300 .m 1.300 1.800 a300
2.305
2.800
a 805
- - --
3.805 :4.305 - 4.805
.305 .805 1.305 1.805 :3.305
.310 .810 1.310 1.810 2.310 2.810 5.310 .3 810 4 310 ' . ' 4 810
,315 .SI5 1.315 1.815 2.315 2.815 3.315 3:R15 4)315--.-2815
.320 .a20 .I. 320 1.820 a320 2. a20 3.320 3.820 4.320.' '4.8%
,325 .825 1.325 1.825 4 325 2.825 P.325 : 3.835 .4.325- 825 ;r.
,330 ,830 1.330 1.830 4330 a. 830 3.330 3.830' .4.330- 4.830
.335 .%5 1.335 1.835 2.335 2.835 3.335 3.835 '4.335:' '4.835
.an .a40 1.340 1.840 2.340 2.840 3.340 3.840 3.340 '3:8r16
--- - - -
.345 .a5 1.345 1. 845 2. 345 2.845 3.345 3.845 4.345' " 4 : M
--
.350 ,850 1.350 1.850 2.350 2.850
. .355 .a55 1 355 1.855 2.355 2.855
----
.3.355 5.855 :4:355. -4.865
.360 .860 1.360 1.860 2.360 2.860 3.360 J.860 4.360"-.&.860
.365 ,865 1.305 1.865 2.365 2. 865 3.305 . 3.865' -4:365. . 4.865
.3iO
.375
.870
,875
1.370
1.375
1.870
1.875.
2.370
2.375
2.870
2.875
3.370. 3.870
3.375 .b.876
: 3.370 ' '1.870
1.375""4:876
.
.380 .880 1.380 1.880 a. 380 2.880 3.380 3.880 -4.'380'- "4.880
. .385 .885 1.385 1.885 2.385 2.885 3.385 3.885- 1:386 -ai86
.390 ,890 1.390 1.890 2.390 2.890 3.390 3.890' . 4.36(1" " 4 890
--- -
.395 .895 1.395 1.895 a 395 2.895
-
3.".
----3.395 3.895' 'P:'395. "&:lis6
.400
- .9w 1.400
- - 1.900
-
2.400
-
2..900
- ---
.3.9od -3.-4m"-'4.m
.405 .go5 1.405 1.905 2.406 2.905 3.405 3 .u '4.:405' 4:&
.410 .910 1.410 1.910 2.410 2.910 3.410 3.910: a.4fQo" 4.910
.415 .915 1.415 1.915 2.415 2.915 3.415 3.915 4.415' d.916
.GO .920 1.420 1: 820 2.420 2.820 3.420 'a.920: '4.42%' 4.920
.425 .925 1.425 1.925 2.125 2.925 3.425 3.925 4 425 4.9s
.430 .530 1.430 1.930 a.430 2.930 3.430 3.930-. i-430 '4.930
.435. .935 1.435 1.935 2.435 2:935 3.435 5.935- 4.435 . 4.935
.440 :940 1.440 1.940 2.440 2.940 3.440 3.940 4.440' "4.940
--
.445 . .945 1.445 1.945 2.445 2.945 3.446 3.945' '4.i45 'a.945
-
.450
.455
.4w
.4M
-
.950
,955
:. 860
.965
1.450
1.455
1.460
1.405
1.950
1.955
1.800
1.965
2.450
2.465
2.460
2.465
2.950
2.955
2.960
2.965
3.455
3.460
3.465
I I
3.4501 .3.960'1 '4.450'1 '4.950
3.955
3.w
3.965
a.4551: 4 Y i
4.460 4.080
3.465 " 4.965
.470 .970 1.470 1.970 2.470 2.970 3.470 3.970' 4.470": 4.970
.475 .975 1.475 1.975 2.475 2.975 3.475 3.975 4.476. 4.975
.480 .m 1.480 1. w 2.480 2.w 3.480 3.980 4.480 4.980
.485 .as. 1.195 1.906 2.4& 2.985 3.485 3.885 4.485' . 1:w
.490 .9m 1.490 1.990 2.490 2wIo 3.490' 3.990 4.490 1.m
--,495. .995 1.495 1.995.
-
2.495 2.995
- 3.495 3.995 4.495' 4.995
--.500 1.000
-
2.500 ooo
3.
*
0 1
--
' I b
24603'7-41--15
222 .. U. S. COAST AXD GEODETIC SURVEY
a 121
-- 0.707
1 1
0. M)o 1.414
.oCn. .714 1.421. 2. lis a. 835 3;542 4.249 4.9b6 6.G 6.370
'.014 .721 1.428 a 135 a 842 3.549 4.256 4.963 b.6M 6.377
:.o21 .m 1.4% 2.142 2. 849 3.568 .4.263 .4.970 . 5.677 .6.W
.os .735 1.442 a 149 2.868 3.563 4.270
.OW .742 1.449 2.156 2.863 8.670 4.271
:042 .749 1.456 a 163 2.870 3.677 4.-34
.049 . .756 1.463 2 . 1 ~ 2.877 3.584 4.291
.057 .764 1.471 2.178 2 885 3.592 laoB.
-- .064
-
.771
.071 .. '.778 -
- 1.478 a 185 2. 892 3.569-
-- 4 . 9
-- 1.485 2.192 2.899
'
--
. .786 1.492 2. ,199
3.600
-- 4.313
..078- BOB 2. 3.613 4.320 5.027 6.734 6.441
.os .792 1.499 2.208 2.913 3.620 4.327 6.034 5.741 6.448
.092 .799 1.506 2.213 2. 9ao 3.627 4.334 6.041 5.748 6.465
, .
.OB9 .a06 1.513 2.230 2.927 3.634 4.341 5.048 5.755 6.462
. . l o 6 ' . .813 1.520 2.237' 2.934 3.641 4.348 3.051 5.762 6.369
.113 ..E20 1.637 2.234 a 941 3.648 4.355 5.062 hi669 6.476
.la0 .sa7 1.634 2.241 a. 948 3.656 4.362 5.069 5.776 6.4R3
.127 .e4 1.541 2.248 2.955 3.662 4.568 6.076 5.783 6.490
-- .841
.134
-- 2.962
-- 1.548 2. a55 3.669 4.376 5.083 5.790 6.497
--
.141
.I48
.E48
.a55
-
1.555 2. a82 a.
- 969 3.676 4.383
1.562 2.269 2.976 3.683 4.390
~ ~
1 :=)
.156 .863 1.570 2.277 2.984 3.691 4.398
.163 .870 1.577 2. 284 2.991 3.698 4.4Q5
.iio
.177
.an
.884
1.604
1.591
2.281
a. 298
2. 998
3.005
3.705
3.712
4.412
4.419
55: 6.533
6.540
.I84 .MI 1.588 2 305 3.012 3.i19 4.426 5.133 5.840 6.647
.191 .a98 1.605 2 312 3.019 3.726 4.433 t i a
5.1471 6.847
5.140 ass;
~ l 6.554
.1w .905 1.612 2.319 3. M6 3.733 4.440
.m5 -
- .9l?
-
1.619 2.326 3.033
--
3.740 4.447
-1-1-
6.154
I
5.861
I
6.668
-- 1.626
.a12
.219
.m
.919
.928
.933
1.633
2.333
2.340
3.040
-
3.047
3.054
--
3.747
3.754
3.761
4.454
4.461
4.468
5.161
5:168-1 5.875
5 175 5.882
5.868
I 6.576
6.602
6.589
;q
1.640 2.347
.a33 .940 1.647 2.364 3.061 3.768 4.475 5.182 6.889 6.596
2. aai
.240
.a47
,255
'
.947
.952
.962
1.654
I. 661
1.869
a 368
2.376
3.068
3.075
3.083
3.775
3.782
3.790
4.482
4.489
4.497
5.204 tlJ
6.911
6.618
--
.262
.269
..a76
- - - --
.969
.976
.983
1.676
1.683
1. 690
a. 383
2.390
2.397
3. om
3.097
3.104
3.797
3.804
3.811
4.504
4.511
4.518
5.211
5.218
5.225
I 5.918
6.925
5.932
I 6.625
6.632
6.639
--
.a83 .. .990 1.697 2.404 3.111 3.818 4.625
.m .997
' ' -
--
1.704 2.411 3.118 3.825 4.532 5.239 5.946 6.653
.%7 1.0041 1.711 2 418 3.125 3.832 4.539 5.246 5.9.53 6.860
.m 1.011 1.718 2.425 3.132 3.838 4.546 5.253 5.860 6.667
.311 1.018 1.725 2.432 3.139 3.W 4.553 5.280 5.967 6.674
.318 1.0% 1. m 2.439 3.146 3.853 4.600 5.17 5 . m 6.681
.a25 1.032 1.739 2.446 3.153 3.560 4.567 6 . ~ 4 5.981 6.888
.832 1.039 1.7M 2.453 3. lea 3.867 4.574 5.281 .6.988 6.696
-339 1.046 1.763 2 460 3.167 3.874 4.581 6.288 6.a 6.702
.m, 1. m
-- -- 1.053 2.467 3.174
--
3.881 4.568 6. a85 6.002 6.708
1 6.010 I
-- - - - --
".354- 1.oea .1.768 2:474 3. isa 3.888 4.690 6.302 6.716
. . . . ---0 1 a 8 4 6 6
HILRMONIC' A N U Y S I S BED PREDICTION O F TIDES 223.
Table 19.-Products for'pormIt?4-Contii1ued .
[Multiplier-sin 46=@.701]
- -
-- 0 1
7-
s a
--4 6 8
--
1 . o m 1.788 2.454 3.182
0.354
-- 3.888
~~
.361 1.068 1.775 2.482 3.189 3.896 4.60. 5.310.. 6.017 6.7.24
.368 1.075 1.7B 2.489 3.196 3.903 ,4.a a 5.317 6.024. . 6.a 1
.375 1.082 1.789 2.4Q6 3.203 3.910 4.617 5.324 a m 1 6.m
.382 1.089 1.796 2.m 3.210 3.017 4. & 6.&1 . 6.038 6.745
.a9 1.006 1.803 2510 3.217 3.924. 4.631 5.338 6.045 8.762
.396 1.103 1.810 2.517 3.224 3.931. 4.638 5.345 6.052 .6.74a
.403 1.110 1.817 2.521 3.231 3.938 4.645 5.352 6.059 6.765
.410 1.117 1.824 2531 3.238 3.945 4.652 5.369- 6.086 's. 773..
--
.417
--- - -
1.124 1.831 2.538 3.245 3.952
6. ?So.
.424 1.131 1.838 2.545 3.252 3.959 4.666 5.373 . e.osp .0.781'
4.659
-1-1-
5 . W . 6.07a
--
.431
- -- -
1.138 1.S45
---
2.552 3.259 3.966 4.673 5.380 6.087 6.794
.438 1.145 1.852 2.659 3.266 3.973 4.w .5.387 . 6.094 . 6.801
.445 1.152 1.859 2.666 3.273 3.980 4.887 .6.3@ .,6.101' .::&aqS
.452 1.159 1.866 2.573 3.280 3.987 4.694 ,5.401 6.108 6.815
.460 1.167 1.874 ' 2.581 3.288 3. $95 4.702
.467 1.174 1.881 2688 3.296 4. ao? 4.709
.474 1.181 1.888 , 2.595 3.302 4.009 4.716
.481 1.188 1.895 2. @? 3.309 4.016 4.523
-- -- - - -
.488 1.195 '1.902 2.809 3. Si0 4.032 4.730
-- -- -
.495 , l . m i i.909 2.616 3.323 4.030 4.737
--
1.916
.502 1.209 2.623 3.330 4.037 4.744
.509 1.216 1.923 2.630 3.337 4.044 4.761
.516 1.223 1.930 2.637 3.344 4.051 4.758
,523 1.230 1.937 a.644 3.361 4.068 4.765
,5311 1.237 1.944 2.651 3.358 4.065 1.772
.%7 1.?44 1.951 ZGC8 3.565 4.673 4. Si9
.a4 1.251 1.958 2.665 3.372 4.079 4.786 5.493 0.200 6..W
.551 1.268 1.965 2.673 3.379 4.086 4.793 '5.SOO" 6.207' "-6.914
--
.659
-- -1.266
.566 . 1.273. i.M a m 7
1.973
- ---
2.680
3.3sh 4. ioi- 4: 808
3.387 4.G94 4.801 :5.M)8.: 6.215' ,:'6.w
-- --
'.707
n a0
- -- ' 1.414
1.
2121 2.828 3.536
4
4.242
6
4.943
8
.. .- - -
.-. ._ .. . . ... . . _. - .. "
zg$ .' '?:;i.J U. S . . . m m AWD GEODEmG .S'T.J%VEY " .
-- -
0'
.o.ooo
1; a
- --
4 6. 6
-
8
0.866
- 1.732
1.741 2.807
3.464
3.473
4.330
4.339
5.180
5.205
-
7.794
.009 .875 7,803
.017 .883 1.749 2.615 3.481 4.347 5.213 7.811
.020 .892 1. i58 2. 624 3.490 4.356 5.222 7.820
.035 .a01 1.707 2.033 3.499 4.365 5.231 7.829
.043 .m 1.775 2.041 3.507 4.373 5.239 7,837
,052 .918 1.784 3. G50 3.516 4.382 5.248 7.846
,061 .927 1.7Q3 2.659 3.525 4.381 5.25i 7.855
.om .935 1.801 2. 67 3.533 4.3w 3.265 7.883
-. -
078
--
.944 1.810 2. 07G
-
3.542
--
4.498 5.274
-
7.872
. 087 .953 1.819 -
2.685
-
3.551 4.417
-
5.283
-
7.881
,095 .%I 1.821 2.883 3.m 4.425 5.291 7.888
.lo4 .m 1.836 2. io2 3. m 4.434 5.300 7.898
.113 .979 1.845 3.711 3.577 4.443 5.308 7.907
.I21 .887 1.853 2. 719 3.585 4.451 5.317 7.915
.la0 .996 1. ma a. 7% 3.594 4.460 5.326 7.924
.139 1.005 1.871 2 737 3. "s 4.469 5.335 7.933
.I47 1.013 1.879 2 745 3.611 4.477 5.343 7.941
.l50 1.022 1.888 2 754 3.620 4.486 6.352 7.850
-- - -
.165 1.031
- --
1.897 2 703 3.039 4.495 5.361 7,959
. in -
1.039 1.905 2.771 3.637 4.503
- -
6.368 7.967
..191
lsa 1.048
1.057
1.914
1.923
2780
2.789
3.046
3.655
4.512
4.531
5.378
5.387
7 976
$983
.1w 1.085 1.931 2.797 3.003 4.520 5.395 7.993
.m 1.074 1.040 2. 806 3.073 4.538 5.404 8.002
,216 1.ma 1.948 2. 814 3.080 4.546 5.412 8,010
.a5 1.091 1.957 2.823 3.688 4.555 5.421 8.019
.a4 1. loo 1.966 2.832 3. m 4.584 5.430 8.028
1.108 1.974 2840 3.700 4.572 5.438
.243 8.036
. -
- - -- -
1.117 1.883 2 849 3.715
a51
-
4.681 5.447
-
a 04s
1. QQa 2858 3.724 4.580
.260 1.126
- 2.800 - 5. r156 8.054
.288 1.134 2. m a. 7a? 4.589 5.404 8.002
.m 1.143 '2.009 2.875 3.741 4.807 5.473 8. O i l
.a86 1.151 2.018 a. 88.1 3.750 4. 616 5.4@ 8.080
.a84 1.160 2.026 2. 892 3.758 4.6!24 5.490 8.088
.303 1. llx 2.035 2. 901 3.701 4.033 5.M 8.097
.312 1.178 2 044 2. 910 3.77G 4.642 5.508 8.100
.320 1.186 2 052 2.918 3.184 4.650 5.518 8.114
.a9 1.195 2.061 2.927 3.783 4.659 1.525 8.133
-- - - - --
.338 1.204 2. 070 2. 936 3.802 4.668 5.534
-
8.133
2944
.340
.356
4.676
1.211
1.721
2 078
4087
-
2952
3.81C
3.8U
-
4.685
5.542
5.551
-
8.140
a 149
._.3&1 1.m 2086 2862 3. 8Z 4.664 5.m 8.155
.372 1.m 2. 104 2. 87C 3.w 5. ma z561 a 186
.381 1.N 2. 113 2.978 3.84! 4.711 5.571 a 175
.3w 1.m 2. 123 2. w 3. w 4.720 5.N 8.184
.388 1. a84 .2.130 2.we 3.88: 4.728 5.584 8.102
.401 1.27: 2.139 3.00: 3.871 4.731 5.00: 8.201
.die 1. ae: 2 148 3.014 3. sB( 4.74e 5.61: 8.210
1. aw
-- -
.4u
- - -- 2.156 3.0% 3.w 4.754 5.6%
-8.218
-- - - - --
2. 185
.433 1. m
3.031 3.89: 4.763
..
5. a!
-a, a 7
5 '
-- - - - - -
* o 1 8 S. 4 6 6
- 8
HABMONIG AN'YSIS. A h 9 .PmDICTIOS O F TIDES 225
Table 19.-Products .for.Form 194-Contihued
[Multiplier=sin 6O0-O;S66]
- -
I O I
-- 2 8
-5
- I
71
. 6 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .442
.52
.sa
________________
________________ .450
.458
I 1.308
1.310
1.325
2.166 3.031
- -
2.174
2.182
2.191
3.00
3.048
3.057
3.906
3.914
3.933
4.763
4. i72
4.780
4.789
5.638
5.646
5.655
--
6.495
6. 504
6.512
6.531
7.361 8.227
.06
.58
________________
________________ I 1
.54 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.468
_ _ _ - 1.334
.47ti 1 . 3 4
.485 1.351
2.m
2.m
2.217
3.066
3.074
3.083
3.932
3.940
3.W
4.798
4.806
4.816
5.864
5.672
5.681
6.530
6.538
6.547
2.228
2.234
-- - - - -
2.243
3.092
3.100
3.109
0.573
3.958
3.968
3.975
4.824
4.832
4.841
6.6%
0.m : %I
7.439
ES
8.805
2252
-- 3.118 3.0% 4.850 5.716 6.m ?.UBI8314
-I-
2260 3.128 3. gga 4.858 5.724 6.590
2.269 3.135 4.001 4.867 5.733 G5W
2.278 3.144 4.010 4.876 5.742 6.608
2. 286 3.153 4.018 a a84 5.750 6.016 i.482 8.348
2.295 3.161 4. on 4 893 5.759 6.m5 7.491 8.857
2304 3.170 4.036 4.902 5.768 6.834 7.500 83%
2.312 3.178 4. 044 4.910 6. G42
2.321 3.187 4.053 4.919 6.651
2330
-- - 3.196 4.062
---
4.928
6.800
3.204 4. on
--
2338 4.936 5.802 6.668
I 1'
. 7 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.615
________________ ___ 1.481 2.347 3.213 4.079 4.945 .a677
-I-
7.w
I 8.409
.TL
.75 ________________
.74 ________________
.79 ________________
.76 -_______________
I .GZ4
.032
. Y l I 1.507
,850 1.516
.658
'
1.524
1.490
1.4B
2.356
2.301
2.373
2.383
2.390
3.m
3.230
3.138
3.248
3.256
4.088
4.096
4.105
4.114
4.
4.954
4.962
1.977
4.980
4. ma
5.837
5.846
5.854
6.686
6.694
6.703
13.712
6.720
7.552
::qpJ
7.580
7.588
8.418
ami
2.399
2.407 1
3.285
3.273
-- - - - - --
4. i 3 i
4.138
4.887
5.005
6.m
7.737
7.5'25
7.803
8:461
8.468
7.621 I 8.487
2.416 3.282 4.148 5.014 6.746 7.612 . 8.478
.8B
.a ________________
I 1
-I-
. 8 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .701
________________ ___
.710
-.7l9
1.667
1.576
1.585
24%
-- 3.201 4.157
2.433
2.442
2.451
3.299
3.308
3.317
4. 165
4.154
4.183
5.m
5.031
5.040
5.048
5. 889
5.887
5.800
5.915
6.755
6.763
.6.772
6.781
--
_____________ 1 I
.M
.86
________________
________________ .727
.736
1.583
1.602
2.458
2.468
3.325
3.334
4.181
4.200
5.057
5.068
5.923
5.932
.6.788
.a1ss
.m., .745 1.611 2477 3.343 4.208 5.075 5.9,41 6. e 7
2.485 3.351 4.217 5.083 .6.815 7.081 CM7
2461 3.360 4.336 5.082 .6.824 am 7.wI
-- - - - -
2.503 3.369 4.235 5.101 .6.a33 am
-- 7.689
-- - -
2.511 .3.377 4.243 6.1pS b. 975 6.841
-I-
7.707 I 8.673
2.520 3.386 4.252 5.118 6.m 7.il6 8.682
2.529 3.395 4.281 5.127 .Gm 7.7% 8.m
2.637 3.403 4. 269 5.135 6.867 7.733 8%
2.546 3.412 4.278 5.144 6.010 6.8'10 7.742 am
2.555 3.421 4. a67 5.153 6.019 6.885 7.761 8.617
2583 3.429 4.295 5.161 6.037 6.883 7.759 8:625
2.5i2 3.438 4.304 5.170 .e. ma 7.768 am'
2.581 3.447 4.313 5.179 6.011 '7.777 a643
2.589
-. 3.455 4.321
- ---
5.187 .6.919 7.7% am
--
4598 3.464 4.330
-
5.196 6.062
-
.G. 928
8 8
--4 51 6
- 7:
226 . U. S. C o r n A.ND GEODETIC SURVEY
aw
6 7 8 . 8
0.960 1.932
--
4.830
5.796 6.762 7.728
- - -
. .976 1.942' 2. soer 3.874 4.840 5.806 6.772 7.738 8.704
,985 1.951 2.917 3.883 4.849 5.815 a781 7.747 8.713
.995 1.961 2. 837 3.893 4.859 5.835 6.791 .7.757 8.723
1.005 1.971 2.937 3.903 4.869 5.835 a 801 7.767 a 733
1.014 1.880 2.946 3.912 4.878 5.844 6.810 7.776 a 742
1.024 1.890 2.933 3.823 4.888 5.854 6.820 7.786 8.752
1.034 2. OOO 2.966 3.932 4.898 5.884 6.830 7.796 a 7m
1.043 2. 009 3 975 3.941 4.907 5.873 6.839 7.805 8.771
--
1.053
-
2.019
-
2.985 3.951
- -
4.917 8.781
a
5.883
mi
6.849 7.815
------- -
1.063 2. 0 9 2.995 3.961 4.927 5.893 6.859 7.825
1.072 2.038 3.004 3.970 4.936 6.902 8.808 7.834 8.800
1.082 2.048 3.014 3.980 4.946 5.912 6.878 7.844 a 810
1.092 a 058 3.024 3.890 4.956 6.922 6.888 7.8M 8.820
1.101 2 067 3.033 3.999 4.965 5.931 6.897 7.803 .1a29
1.111 2.077 3.043 4.008 4.975 5.941 6.907 7.873 8.839
1.121 2. 087 3.053 4.019 4985 5.961 ,6.917 7.883 8.849
1.130 2.096 3.m 4.028 4.864 5.960 I 6.9% 7.892 8.858
1.140 2.106 3.072 4.038 5. OLM 5.970 .6.936 7.902 8.868
1.150 2.116
- 3. osa 4.048 5.014
--5.880 . 6.946 7.912 a 878
- -
1.159 2. 125 3.091
- -- -
4.057
- --- -
5.023 5.989 .6.965 7.921 8.887
1.169 2 135 a. 101 4.067 5.033
5.999 .6.965 7.931 8.897
1.179 2.145 3.111 4 077 5.043 6.008 .6.975 7.941 8.907
1.188 2.154 3.120 4 086 5.052 6.018 .a984 .7.950 a BIB
1.198 a 164 3.130 4.096 5. om 6.028 .6.994 7.960 8.928
1.108 2 174 3.140 4.106 5.072 6.038 :7.m 7.'970 8.936
1.217 2. 183 3.149 4.115 5.081 6.047 .7.013 7.979 8.945
1.227 a 193 3.159 4.125 5.091 6.057 .7.023 7.889 8.95..
1.238 2.302 3.168 4.134 5. loo 6.066 7.033 7.998 am
1.246
- - 2.212 3. l i 8 .4.144 5.110
-
8.008 8.974
6.076
- .7.042
- ------- -
1.256 a. 233 3.188 4.164 5.1241 6.086 .7.052 8. nia 8.984
1.265 2. a31 3.107 4. lea 5.129 6.095 .7.061 8.027 8.993
1.275 2. a41 3.207 4.173 5.139 6.105 .7.071 a 037 9.003
1.285 2. a51 3.217 4.183 5.149 6.116 .7.081 a 047 9.013
1.294 !La80 3.228 4.192 5.158 6.1Y .7.090 8. CIm 9. oaa
1.304 2. 270 3.236 4.202 5.168 6.134 .7: 100 8.068 9.032
1.314 2.280 3.246 4 212 5.178 6.144 .7.110 8. on .9.042
1.3a 2.289 3.255 4.221 5.187 6.153 7.119 8.'0811 .9.051
3. !MI 4 231 5.197 6.163 .7.129 8.006 .9.061
y3 :a2. aBB
1.331
-1. 309 .3.275 4.241 .5. a07 6.173
- .7.139
-
8.105 9.071
2 318 3. 281 4.250 5.216 6.is .7. lis 9. om
- -----
1.351
- 8.114
-
1.369 2.3% 3.294 4. aeo 5. !ma 6.191 .7.158 8.124 9. ow)
1.3E 2.338 3.304 4.2m 5.236 6.m .7.168 a 1% 9.m
1.351 2. F 7 8.313 4.279 5.245 6.211 7.177 8.142 9.109
1.391 2.35i 3.3z 4.289 5.255 6.221 .7.187 8.1& 9; 119
1.401 2.367 3.333 4 299 5.26ti 6.231 .7.197 8. Is! 9.128
1.41C 2.376 3.342 4308 5.274 6.M 7.206 8.17: 9.138
1.424 2. 386 3.351 4.318 5.281 6. W 7.210 8.18: 9.'148
1.43 2.396 3.36: 4.328 5.294 6. !X4 .7.2M 8.1% 9.158
1.43s 2.405 3.371 4.337 5.303 6.m -
7.236 8.a01
-9.167
- ------- -
1.44 2.416 3.351 4.347 5.313 0.m .7.245 a 211 .9.177
------ -
1 a S 4 6 6 7 6 8
HARMONTC ANIALYSlS AND PREDICTION OF TIDES 227
Table lQ.-Producte for Form 294-Continued
[Multiplier=sin 75=0.gsel
-
- -
--
I o -1
- - --
a 4
I: : ::
.513 1.478 2.444 3.410 4.376 5.342 .6:M 7.274 8.240 9.m
.523 1.488 2. 454 3.420 4.386 6.352 6.318 7.284
.531 1.497 2. 485 .3.429 4.395 6.361 6.327 7.203 8.259 ' 9.225
.541 1.507 2.473 3.439 4.405 5.371 6.337 7.303
1.517
1.528
1.536
2. 483
2.402
2 502
- - - - --
3.449
3.458
3.468
4.415
4.424
4.424
5.381
5.380
5.400
6.347
6.356
6.366
7.313
7.372
- -I-
7.332
8.279
8.288
8. ZW
1 9.245
9.m
9.261
1.646 2.512 3.478 4.444 6.410 6:376
-- 7:341 S.& I 9.254
1.555 2 521 3. a7 4.45? 5.419 6.385 7.351 8 5 7 ....9.283
1.566 2.531 3.407 4.463 5.428 6.395 I . 361 8.327 9.293
1.575 2. 641 3.507 4.473 5.439 6.405 7.371 8.337.. . 9 . e
________________
.64
.66
.66 _ _ _ _ _ _ _
.618
________________
.638
I
___
1 . w 2. 550 3.516
. .828 1.594 2.660 3.526
_ _a._570
1:W4 _ _3.536
.
1.613
1.623
2. 579
2. 589
3.545
3.555
4.483
4.492
4.502
4.611
4.521
5.448
5.458
5.468
6.477
5.487
6.414
0.424
6.434
6.443
6.453
7.380
7.380
7.400
7.409
7: 419
8.3k3.. *Q.312
8.356
8.
8.385
9.322
9.332
a 3 2 5 . 9.341
9.351
1.633
- - - -- -
2. 598 3.665 4.531 5.497 6.463 7.438 8.396 9.301
- - - - --
1.642 2. 608 3.674 4 . ~ 1 0 5.506 6.472 7.438
1. e.62
1. 662
1.671
2 618
2.628
2.637
3. SM
3.594
3.603
4.550
4.m
4.569
5.516
5.628
5.636
6.48
6.492
6.501
7.448
7.458
7.467
-
I
-
arid
8.424
8.-
1 .9.w
.9.3w)
9.399 '
_______________
.74.
.16
.715
________________
.7%
.7e-. ______-_-_----
.734
I 1.681
1.690
1.700
1.710
1.719
2.647
2656
a. 8 6
2.676
2. 685
3.613
3.622
3.632
3.642
3.651
4.579
4.588
4.598
4. 608
4.617
5.645
5.664
5.664
6.683 6.649
6.511
6.520
6.530
6.674 . 6.540
7.477
7.4m
7.4w
7.506
7.615
1.729
-
269s 3. e81
-- - --
4.627 5.593 6.559 7.525
2.705 3.671 4.637 6.603. . 6.569 7.636 6.601 I 9.467
1.739
- - - - -- -
1.748 2.714 3.680 4.646 5.612 . 6.578 7.544 8.610 9.476
1.768 2 724 3.690 4.658 5.622 5.588 7.554 8.520 9.486
1.768 2. 734 3.700 4.666 5.632 6.598 7. I 4 8.630 9.496
1.777 2. 743 3.709 4.676 5.641 6.607 7.6i3 8.639 9.605
1.787 2. 763 3.719 4.885 5.651 6.617 7.583 8.549 9.516
1.797 2. 763 3.723 4.695 5.661 6.627 7.693 8.559.- .9.525
...
.&40 1.806 am 3.738 4. M1 5.670 6.636 7.m 8.588 e.&
.850 1.816 2783 3.74 4.714 5.680 8.646 7.612 8.678 9.544
,860 1.826 2.792 3.755
- 4.724
--
5.690 6.656 7.622 am 9.564
.869
--
1.835 2. 801 3.767 4.733 5.699
-- 6.665
-
7.631
.879 1.846 2 811 3.777 4.743 5.708 6.675 7. 641
. ..a89 1.866 2 821 3.787 4.763 5.719 . 6.685 7.651
.898 1.864 2. 830 3.796 4.762 6.728 6.694 7.660
1.874 2840 3.808 4.772 5.738 6.704 7.6m
1.w 2.850 3.816 4.782 5.748 6.714 7.680
1.893 2. 859 3.825 4.791 5.757 6.723 7.689
1.903
1.913
1.922
2869
2.879
2. 88R
3.835
3.845
3.854
4.801
4.811
-
4.m
5.767
5.777
5.786
--
6.733
6.743
6.752
7.688
7.708
7.718 :: I ::
8.675 9.641
---
2. 898 3.864 4.830 5.796 ' 6.762
-
7.728
--
8 a 4 7
.228 . . . .U.S; C O G .ATD GEODETIC S V V F Y - j:.
. . .. . I , . . ... ..
. . . LONG-PERIOD CONSTITUENTS, FORMFA-(+) .
.-
__
1: I I} -. .. . . . . Remarks
.. . , .
, . I .
.
____ _____
'Mm..:
MI J _____ .
.MSf..l::-.-
.I.=:
1i S
1:OlgZ'
0.00218
O.O&O
0.00825
'
.. .
,. .
RmkS
HARMONIC'.ANALYSIS A m PREDICTION. OF T~DES
~
229;
. . .. .
Table 21.-Acce&rat'ion in epoch o f K, iiue t o P;
[Argument h-8~' refers to begiahiag of series]
----
-- . . -.._
-
da?
-----
0
days
0
days
0
days
0
dan
0
-----
days
0
days
0
days days days
0 ' 0 ' 0 .
0 180 +6. 5 tll.4 tl4.6 tl2. 6 110.1 4-5.1 M.9' 4 4 . 2 4-2.4 4-3.9
10 180 t13.9 t16.4 t16.0 +la0 4-8.8 +3. 4' -0.1 +o. 7 +3.0 +4.1
.a 200 t17.9 t18.3 t15.3 +a. 9 4-6.4 +1.0 -1.0 +0.9 +3.2 +3.7
30 210 tl9. 0 t17.6 +la. 9 4-6.7 +3.1 -1.6 -1.7 +LO +2.9 +3.0
40 220 t17.6 tl5. 2 +9.4 4-28 -0.5 -3.8 -2..1 +l. 0 +Z. 4 +Z.O
50 230 t14.7 tll. 7 +5. 2 -1.2 -4.1 -5.4 -2.1 4-0.8 +1;7 +0.8
60 2.40 +lo. 8 +7.4 +O. 7 -5. 2 -7. 2 -6.0 -1.9 +0.6 44.9 -0.4
.70 w) +6.4 +a. 7 -3.9 -a 7 -9.3 -5.8 -1.5 44.4 +O.l -1.5
.80 260 +l. 5 -2 2 -8.2 -13.3 -10. a -5.0 '-9.0 +O. 1 -0.8 -26
90 a50 -3: 5 -6.9 -12 0 -126 -9.q -3.8 -0.5 -0.l -1.6 .-3.5
-
100 m -8.2 -11.3 -14.7 -12.1 -a 1 -2.3 0.0 -0.'4 -2.3 -4.0
110 280 -12 5 -14.9 -16.0 -10.1 -5.8 -0.7 +o.6. -0.8 -28 -4.0
'20 300 -18.0 -17.5 -15. 2 -6.9 -2.:1 +l.O +l..l -0.8 -3.1 -3.5
..130
. 140
150
310 -18.4 -la 3 -12. 2
330 -l8.9 -16.7 -7.3
330 -16.8 -12 1 -1.0
-2.9
3.1.3
+5. 4
+o. 5
+3.6
+6.4
+26
+4.1
t5.2
+1:6 . -1.0
+1.9. -1.0
t 2 . l ,-0.9
-3:l
-2.5
-1.5
-171
I I'
-2.5 -0.3 W . 7 '+$.I
M.9 +1.6 +1.6
+0.5 4-21 4-25 ;+1..9
'
180
170
. Is0
-
340 -11.3.
350 -2.8
380
-
+6.5
-4.7 +6.4 +a 9 +a a
+3.9 tlO.9 tll. 5 tio. a
tll. 4 tl4.6 +la6 t10.1 '.I 1.1 I
+5.9
+5.9
+2.0 -0.7 -0.1 +l.9
-CL7 .-O.3 +1.2 +3.1
+0.9 4-0.2 +2.4 +3.9
I .
,. . .
. 0 180
. .
10 190
. I
. I I I I I I I I I I I I
-0.k -0.17 -0.02 44.08 4-0.12 44.12 b . 0 7 +O.Ol' 0.00+0.02+O.OB'+O.07+0.M
..a!-rn -0.16 -0. OB +o. 01 +a 16 .+o. 17 +o. 13 +o.w +o. 02 +o. oz .+o.05 +o. os so.os so.07
, 3 0 ' 2 l o -0.04 44.04 44.16 +O.20 4-0.20 ~.13~+0.05.+0.02+0.04+0.07+0.08.+0.09+O.06
+O. 171 4-0.14
' 4 a20 +0.07 +o.Xl +b.
+a271 4-0.23
+0.231 44.23 +O. 21 &..OQl12 +o.
191 4-0. 04 +O..03
+O.031 ~ + 0 . 0+O.@
+ O . 0 3+O.O6 6 ~ + O4. 0 O . 0 8:+bo5
~ +40.09
. 09 9 ~~.~~-Wr04
":XI' 230
'80. 240 44.25 44.28 +O.aS 44.22 4-0.15 +O.:O5 +o.O2 +O.o4+o.O7+O.09+O..o8+O.OB'+O.03
70250
.' ': 80 z30
90 ml ._. .
100 280 +O.B +O.B M.10 -0.03 -0.07 -0.'06 -0.01 +o.04+0.OBk03 O.W-O.Ol! 0.00
, 110 280 +a aa +o. 15 i-o.01 -0. io -0.11 -0.07 +o.oi -a02 -0:oz:-0.01
0.00 +0.04 + o . ~
1%;. 300 +0.13 +o.m -0.09 -0.15 -0.14 -0.07 0.00 +o.~+o.oz-o.oi-o.w)~-0:03~ a00
130'
,140:
310 +a03 -o:oi -a 17 -0. l~ -0.14 -0.08 +o.oi k : o j 0.00 -0.03 -0. ~r i-0.03;. 0.00
39 -0.08 -0.16 ! -0.19
-0. U -0.13 -0.04 +o.O2 +0.'02 -0.01 .-0.04 -0.04 -0.02 +a01
330 -0.19 -0. I -0.26 -0.17 -0.10 . -0.01 +O. 03 +O. 02 -0.02 70.04 -0.09 '0.01 +O. 02
150
, I . . .
160 : 340
-*70 ."Sal
180 360
230 - U s 6. COAST AND CfEODEJXO SWRVEY, - ' .
-
--
A--0" ----- --
. . .- 0 - 0.. - 0 .. ' 0 .'0' 0 0 0
40
60
:60
'76
m tlh 4 t i s . o +9.9
290 t 1 5 . 4 t 1 3 . 5
240 t 1 3 . 2 +9.6
250 +a 0 +3.7
+5.8
$0.8
-4.4
+2. 6
-1.1
-4.6
-7.4
-0.4
-3.0
-6.4
-7.2
-2.2
-3.4
-4.4
-4. e
-1.3
-1.8
-1.7
-1.7
. I l l /
$0.8 +2.5 +20 4 4 . 3 -0.6
+0.8 +2.0 +0.9 -0.8 -1.4
+0.7 +1.2 -0.4 -1.8 -2.1
-1.0
-1.3
-1.6
-1.7
so 280 +l. 9 -3.0 -8.8 -9.5 -8.3 -4.9 -1.3 -1.6
:m no -5.5 -9.1 -11.9 -10.4 -8.3 -4.2 -0.7 -1.3
100- 280 -11. 2 -is. a -13.2 -9.9 -7.3 -2.7 ao -0.7
-a o..o.
I
-14.6 -15.0 -12. 7 2 -6.2 -0.8 +O. 8
110
im E -15.6 -14.7 -10.0 -6.6 -2.6 +l. 2 +l. 4
,
4-0.8
130 310 -14.7 -12.9 -a o -2. 4 +o. 5 +3. 1 +l. 7 -2.0 1-61
-0.8 (-1.5
-0.7 -1.7 0 . 8 1 ~ : ~ +l. 3
-0.3
+
140 320 -12.4 -io. o -4.4 +l. 0 +3.4 +r. 4 +l. 7 +1..7
1M) 330 -9.1 -6.4 -0.6 +4.4 +5.9 +4. 9 +l. 6 -0.6 -0.8 w.3 +1.9+2.4 +l. 7
160
170
'10 36a + a 2
-
34a
850
-5.9
-1.1
-2.3
+1.g
+r 9
+a. 3
+7.0
+la 1
+7.3
+e. 4
+io. 4
+7.7
+8.4
-0
+4.8
+3. 2
+l. 3
+(.2 +n.9 -0.1
+o. 4 I I I I
-0.3 -0.1 +1.3 +2.7 +2.S
+ 0 . 7 +2.2 +3.2 +2.8
+0.1 +l.3 +2.9 +3.2 +2.4
-
+1.8
+l. 3
so.9
0 0 0 0 0 0 ,o 0 0 0 D O 0
0 -0.4 -0.8 -1. F. -2. 0 -22 -2.4 -23 -2.0 -1.5 -1.1 -0.8 -0.4 -a1
10 -1.0 -1.3 -1.9 -2.4 -2.0 -1.4 -0.9 -0.5 -0.3 -0 1
20 -1.5 -1.8 -2.2 -2.7 -1.8 -1.3 -a 7 -a3 -0.2 0.0
30 - 2 0 -2. 2 -2.7 -2.9 -1.7 -1.1 -0.6 -a2 ao +G.I
. 40 -2.4 -a R -3.0 -3.0 -1.4 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 +o.i +ai
50 - 2 7 -2 9 -3.1 -3.1 -1.2 -0.6 -0. 2 +O.l +0.2 fo.2
00 -3.0 -3.2 -3.2 -3.0 -0.9 -0.3 +o. 1 +03 +o.3 w . 2
70 -3.2 -3 3 -3. 2 -2.9 -26 -1.9 -1.2 -0.5 0.0 +o. 3 M.4 +0.4 +0.3
90 -3.4 -3.3 -3.1 -2.6 -2.2 -1.5 -as -0.2 +o. 3 +o. 5 +0.6 44.5 +0.3
90 -3.4 -3.3 -2.9 -2.3 -1.9 -1. 1 -0.4 +o. 2 +O. 6 +o. 7 4-0.7 +0.6 +O. 4
1M) -3.3 -3.1 -2.6 -1.9 -1.4-0.5 0.0 +o. 5 +o. 8 +o. 9
' ' 110' -3.1 -23 -2.2 -1.4 -1.0 -0.3 +0.4 +o. 8 +l. 0 +l. 0
120 -2.8 -2.6 -1.3 -0.9 -0.4 +o. 3 +0.8 +l. 1 +I. 2 +I. 1
130 -2.4 -2.0 -1.2 -0.4 +O.l +o.8 +1.2 +l. 4 +I. 4 +l. 2
140 -1.9 -1.6 -0.7 +o. 2 +0.6 fl. 2 +I. 6 +1.6 +l. 5 +l. 3
150 -1.4 -a 9 -0.1 +o. 7 +1.1 +1.6 +1.8 +l. 8 +l. 6 +l. 3
' 160 -0.3 -0.3 +o. 5 +l. 2 +1.6 +1.9 +21 +a 0 +l. 7 +l. 3
170 -0.2 +o. 3 +I. 1 +l. 7 +a.o +2.2 +2.2 +a 0 +l. 6 +l. 2
130 +0.6 +o. 9 +l. 6 +Z 2 +23 +2.5 +2.3 +2.0 +I. 6 +l. 1
190 +1.1 +l. 5 +a 1 +2.5 +2.6 4-2.6 S2.4 +2.0 +l. 5 +I. 0
a00 + l . 6 +2 0 +4 5 +2. 8 +2.8 4-37 +2.3 +l. 8 +I. 3 +o. 3
210 +2l +a 4 +2.3 +3. 0 +3.0 4-26 4-2.2 +l. 7 +l.1 +O. 6 -0.1
220 + 2 6 +2.3 +3.1 +a.1 +2.9 4-25 +Z.O 4-1.5 +o. 9 +o. 4 0.0 -0.1 -0.1
+o. +o.
230 +2.9 +3. 1 +3.2 +3.0 +2.9 +2.4 +l. 3 +l. 2 e +o. 2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2
240 +3.2 +3.3 +3. 2 +3.0 +2.7 +2l +1.5 +o. 3
9 -0.1 -a3 -0.3 -a3
250 +3.3 +3.3 +3.2 +?. 8 +o. 5 0.0 -0. I -0.4 -0.4 -0.3
' ' 280 +s.4 +3.3 -1-3.0 +a. 5 +o. 2 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.3
270 4-3.3 $3.2 +2.8 +a. 2 -0.2 -0.6 -a 7 -0.7 -0.6 -a4
280 +3.2 +3.0 +2.5 +l. 8 +1.4 $0.6 0.0 7 0 . 5 -0.3 -0.9 -0.3 LO.7 -0.4
290 +2.9 4-27 +21 +l. 3 +0.9 +O.2 -0.4 -0.8 -1.1 -1.1 -0.9 4 7 -0.4
, 300 + 2 6 +2.3 +1.6 +o. 9 44.4 -0.3 -0.8 -1.1 -1.3 -1. 2 -0.9. -a7 -0.4
310 +2.2 $1.9 +l. 1 w .4 -0.1 -0.7 -1.2 -1.4 -1.4 -1.3 -0.9 -0.7 -a4
3aO +1.7 +I. 4 +a o -0.2 -0.6 -1.1 -1.6 -1. 7 -1.5 -1.3 -0.9 -0.7 -0.3
330 +1.2 4-0.8 to. 1 -0.7 -1.0 -1.5 -1.8 -1.3 -1.6 -1.3 -0.9 -0.6 4 3
,
.
' 340 +0.7
350 +0.1
360 .-0.4
2:
-0.8.
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-1.1.
-1.6
.-a o
A2.0
-2.0
-2 0 -1.5.
-1.7
i l .6
-1.3
-1.2
.--I.
-0.8 -0.6
-a7 -0.6
1- -a.o- -a 4.
-0.2
-a2
- -a 1
--- I ---
2a. .... _.:
. .\ EL'S. COAST ARD GEODEmC SURVEY . .
-
134
lays
163
- - - - a,'ne
ays
---
281
192
days
221
dags rys days
I I=I
days days
I
I. 04 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.00 0. 99 D. 88 3. 99
0.Ss: 1.00 1.01 1.0: 1.0: 1. a 1.0 1.0 1.03 1. M 1.oa 1.01 1.01
l.00. 1.01; 1.02 .1.a l.@ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.ou
1.01' .I.? 1.03 1. a 1. o! 1.a 1.a 1.0 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.00
1.02 1.03 1.04 1.0 1. oi 1.c 1. c 1.0 1.01 1.m 1.01 1.01 1.00
1.03 1.03 1. w 1.0 1.0, 1. ( 1.c 1. a 1.0: 1.01 1.01 1. o(1 1.00
1.04 1.04 1. O! 1.0 1. (h 1. ( 1. c 1.0 1.0: 1.01 1. o( 1.OE 1.00
. .
1.04 1.05 1. o! 1.0 1.0 1. ( 1. c 1. c 1.0: 1.01 1. o( 1. o( 1.00
1.06 . 1.05 1. M 1.0 1.0 .l. ( 1. ( 1. E 1.01 1. M 1. W 1. o( 1. 00
1.06 1.06 1.N 1.0 1.0 1. ( 1. ( 1. E 1.01 1.W 1. W 1.M 1.00
. .
1.06 1.06 1.M 1.0 1.0 1.4 1. I 1. ( 1.M 1. M aw 0. w 1.00
w
1 1. a 1. 00
~
-
Natural
Table 27.-Critical
&a-' 1 Natural
logarithm8 for For'm 245
-
Loaa-
-
number
0.OOO .- - - - - - - .
nthm number
9.1741. i 0.m
-
rithm
. . .
~
MI
,
00 . PI .
I Q' . .SI
. . 01
- I P1.'
'
-1.08674Q -1.642408 $O.S5385B -0.626512 -2 186782 -2 731167 -0.585443 -2.113929
0:-, '0. 2 l U l 9.743242 9.796929 0.339806 0.436347 9.787485 .O. 3'26090
-0.544375 -1.088033 +l.gesws -0.082137 -1.64'2408 -a. irunm -0.041069 -1. wB654
9.785598 a 040615 0.040615 agi-9 o.aisps1 0.338806 a 613514 0.105776
0 -0.553668 +l.642408 +0.462=7 -1.096033 -1.64'2408 +o. mm -1.025178
0 . . ,9.7+3243 o.awi . . 9.881865 8040615 0. P6461 ,9.70183% 0.01o8oo
+O. LE3658 0 +2 ieeoas +l. 015S96 -0.544375 -1.089149
O.om!aB
+l. 058981 -0.4mai
9.673601
9.34324!2 0 0.34lsrg.. 0.0088r18 9.735898 0.0244w
-L 64FmS -2 196066 0 -1.1801'10 -2740441 -3. a88816 -1.139109 -a 667687
0. n5481 0.341646 0 0.mw 0.4378m , a 6 i m O.OISF8 a 4atwa
. .
-a 4 m 3 7 -1.015896 +l. l80170 0 -1. ma70 -2 104645 +o.041069 -1.487417
9.886865 0.008819 0: 671945. 0 0.193nm 0.338179 a~i3lii4 a inm
3-1..@MS3 +a ~ ~ ~ 3 7+ 26. 7 W l +1.580270. . . o -0.514375 fl. 801339 +o. W%
0.040615 9.735888 0. rlinaao 0.18311)o 0 9.73m 0.204983 8.882463
+l. .ffl24a3 +l.088749 +3.'284816 + 2 M 6 . $0.544376 0 +a 145714 +0.6i7aZB
0. alspsl ao98Bas 0.516511 a3~179 9.liu~~s 0 a 331,578 9.780446
-0. m.306 -1.056964 +L 138103 -0.041069 -1.601839 -2 145714 0 -1.5284%
9. mi- aOa4080 a(M658s s.618~14 0:20y183 0.331572 0 O.l%4%1
+1.:026179 +o. 4716ai +a ~ 4 3 7 ~ 7 +l. 487417 -0.072964 -a t i i m +l. b28d86 0
a 010800 9.673501 0.4%119 0.172433 8.882463 9.790446 0; 184181
. . 0 .
l'abke 28.-Constituent bpeed.dtfferertdeb(b-a) and log (b-a)--Continued
. . .
. ~.
. ..
M: 2N
.
Ra . 82 . I
. _ TI.
, '
--
. h .
__.-
28M
KI. ..................... 0
0
-0.663658
9.743242
-1.088033
a 040815
-2. l867iZ
a 330808
ao4lm
8.618535
-0.092137
.8.914539
-O.lpz(w
9.090625
-0.626512
.9.ma8
-2113828 -1.588554
0.325090 aissm
+a 933759
9.970235
L: +0.6k?eSs 0 -a 5 ~ 7 ~ -1. tB3lk +a 51ziaa +O. 471521 +O. W54 - 0 . m -1.560270 -1.015896 +l.is7417
9.743242 0 9.735898 0.213019 9.709768 9.673501 9. ?3?27 g. 12453 ai832oo a008849 a 172433
MI ..................... +Lo88033
0.040615
+a64437b
9.735886)
0
0
-1.088719
0.038928
+l.W 6 3
0.024a59
+l. OlS!39S
amw
"+o. ei& +0.471521
9 . 9 ~ ~ 2 8 9.673501
-i.O16~~ - d m m
aMWsr9 9.673501 +tk%
Nz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +1.64W .+l.W49 4-0.544376 -0.644375 +l. 601337 +1.5BM70 +1.51'&4 *l. Ol58@ -h 471521 +a W2854 4-2576166
0.21~1 a-28 9.735898 9.735888 0. a04483 0.193aOO ,O. 181616 ao m 9 9.673501 8.862453 0.410974
m..................... +zmm +1.m24 +l.088749 0 +?.145712 +2.104645 +2.088679 +1.6Roa7O + a m 4 +o.t~ima +a 1m1
.0.89880(1 azisoie a038636 9 0.331571 amin asymi a 183300 8.!362453 9.790446 0.494230
I
357 284 93 "255 ' 353 185
9.7968 a am awn 9 . 0 ~9..3150
~ 83017 9gggO 9.3344
.626 .024 .m7 :om :w .216
,269 366 .p"4 346
.ggg' 284 353 853 276
--_____
- - - - - - 9.7sdo
:615
9.3150 9.8578 8.3839 9.3150 9.'saW,
.m7 .721 .w. .m7 675
a 6530
.045
-__- 287 -96. 78 358 , 284 85 la8
9.3160 8.3339 9.7890 - - - - - -.'8.7358 9. ie68 a m i 5 8.13~31 9.'851@
8.&8
--TM.024 A15 _---_. .0?6
.eg;..T1 269
.OM
357'
.014' ,711
4 93 1n, 281
a m -----:-
a&ni 9. qB78 8.- a n~o 9.1066
9.7w 'a3839 9.31Yl
.615
267
.024
366
.m7
204
.ox.
351
______
-. .mi
__-- 342
. I S . .02l
280 348
.m
349
la9
272
.
9 . i ~9 . ~ 6 8 9.8578 a 7358 8.9571 _ _ _ _ ___
9.3355 awil
. wm 9.3331
.721 .054 .091. __--2. .217 . . o n .w .216
. _.
.%5 .:y4
. . .. . 283 188 18
'
. 4 91 loo , . 8 2 . .2 6 9 8 9 . -12
9.31Yl 8. m i 5 3.,39m' 82581 9.7968 ._____--7.1244 9.7298
..an .016. .021 .ols .ea .w1. .537
'96 :3 ' 12 174 91 0 . 104 ____
9. a 0 a 1x11 a7710 9 . m 9.3a93 7.1244 _______ 9.3368
__--_ .217
.675
?76
.014
, 182
.059 .988
11 . 353
.213
271
.oo1
0 ___ 283
9.8516 9.1065 9.3331 9. ggs7 9 . m 9.3369 _____-_
8.6580
.046 .711 .128 .a15 .992 .17 .a17 _____-
_-__
--
. 172 79 88 70 3 1
266 77
..
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AA- PREDICTION OF !CIDES 237
.Table 29.-Elimination factors-Continued
SEILIES 15 DAYS. SEMIDIURNAL CONSTITUENTS
~~~~ ~ ~~ ~
COIurtitUent
Disturbing constituents (E?, C, etc.) :.
sought ( A )
------------
Kz Li M; N2 2N RI Sr TI XI /.u n 2SM
JC~...-..-..-.--
..
______
____ _.9.567. 7 8.9437
~ 9 . w ~8.9063 9 . ~ ~.!%YI
.. ~ 6 9 . ~ 9.6707
2 8 . 7 a 2 3 . 9 . m ~8~. ~ 7 6
1
I'
.
. 8 .
___ 260
.088
342
176 ..0s1
pl4 328
.997 .'MI .975
353 345 338
.4W? .053 .198 .070
247 339 257 168
:hi ______. 9.'7634 ______
.,587 _____ 9.7627 8.9055 9 . 2 W 9.7927 9.8276 9;8585 9.8861 9.8018. 8.1941 0.3801
.
! . , '
100 ___ .579 .080 .178
282 344 246
.8#) .872
92 85
.722
17
.gel
347
a00 .OM .214
259 357 88
_ _ _ _ L ____.__
.MI 8.9437 9.7837
.088 . .579
______
_____ 9.i627 8 . W 5 8.7291 8.1941 8.4114 9.8276 8.1941 9.8276 8.1935
..679 .080 .OM .OM .026 . .872 ,016 .672 .OM
' 18 98 ___ 282 344 10 3 175 85 357 275 6
:Ng _____1: ____ i- 9.2424 8.9065
.175 . .080
9.7627
.5i9
______
_____ 9.7627 .9.2780 9.3018 9 . 3 N 8.1041 9.4276 9.9W.l 9.0793
.579 .188 Mo ..208 .OM .672 .W1 .120
? . . . 116 16 98 ___ 262. 10s 101. 93 3 276 13 '
104
:2N _____ L______ 8.'906a 9 . W 9.7627 ____ L- 8.8157
_____ 8.BsBB 8.4858 9.3018 9.9981 9.-
. 8.5785
.0s1 .178
34 114
.080
16
..
578
'98 ___ .OBB28 .049
19
W1 .200
11
.99l .481
101 13, 111
.038
22
;R;... ---:
9.8886 9.7927 _____.
. .997
'
a 7291 9. a780 8.8167 ______
.6aO .054 . l e 9 .OM _____ .997 .989
. go50.9.71~5.8.MZO
9 . 9 9 ~ 7 0.
.624
: e. 3168 a.4114
.035 .207 .026 .
7 288 350 262 334 - - ~ 353 345 255 347 285 17.5
'8: ______ : .& ___-_9 . w 9.8276 ami 9.9018 8.8888 9 . 9 9 ~ 7 9 . 9 9 ~ 79 . 7 ~ ' ~ . 1 9 3 5 ~ 9 . 3 3aigii
0i~
,888 . .672
15 a75
.OM
357
.200
as8
.049
ail1
.997 --:--
7 353 ___
.997 .679 .OM .a14 .OM
aoa , 364 272 3
.TI _-___.______-
9.8883 9.8586 a4114 9.3304 a m 9 . w 9 . ~ ______
7
.W .997 ---:-
g.goio 7.8884 9:3m ami
.975 .722 .OB .209 :W1
: 22
.Baa .MI5
!283 186 267 349 15 7 ___ 269 , 182
.217
280
.a51
10
ha ____-_______--
9.8707 9.'J961 9.8276 8.1841 9.3018 9.7195 9.7627 9.8010
.OM .200 ..524 .679
______
_____ h?4l 8.7188 9:m.S
.488 ,881
. . 113 '13
.872
276 357 . 269 106 93
.832
91 ___ .214
272
.080 .a00
180 101 .
cv..I._.___.____
....- 8.m 9 . m i s a g i i i
-063 . .200 .OM ________
9.8370 g.gesi 8.sa 8.1835 7 . m 9.3801 -:-::9
..672 .99l .035 .OM .MI5 .214.
:. ~ 2 78.1936
.679 .OM
,..- ,
-. __ ._.-- .. - -
. . I 6 ' 178 88 98
--
_________
21 101
! 3
- ~ ~ ~ . ~ B . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 . 3 3 0 i ~ -1 : _____
347 13 9
vi
.lsB
103
.016 .99l
347
.481
249
.214 .!2l7
380
,080 .579
.672
170 ,85
_______Q - ~' 8.127
.-1 0 ~'
.207
91 95 88 262
a ~ ~
24603741-16
238 . U. S. COAST ARP GEODETlO. SURVEY '. '
Co,nstltuent sought
(A) I
---
,
JI
-- KI MI
- --
. Disturbing constituents (E, C, etr.)
0 1 00
- --
PI QI
---
2Q 81 PI
.--
______ 8.6865 8.6898 8.7199 8.8144 9 . m 8.6937 8.6673 9.0538 am
I ____ 351 . 341
___-_ .OM) 049 .052
8%
.OB6
l3
.is3
8!23
.MQ .046 . . l l 3 .
319 310 336
.oai344
8.6966
.050.
______
--_--
8.6955 8.7517 8.7617 9.8818
.050 ..OM .056 .959
* 8.7199 8.6937 9.9954
.05a .049 .w
8. oma
.011
9 _-_- 351 338 21 331 3% 319 346 354
8.8886 8.6856 _--___ 8.8144 8.7199 9.0674 8.7517 8.7188 8.4418 7.9578
.049 , .050
19 9
_--__
____ .085
347
.OI
32
.117
161
.058
338
.ma
328
.m
176
.009
185
_-____8.7186
8.7199
.052
33
8.7617 8.8144
.OM
aa ?3
_____
-__- .om
44
8.%16 8.6965 8.8896 8.3aB3
.018
174
.OM)
361
.OPB
341
. .oai
8
.a8810
.age
196
-_____9.ma
8.8144
.om
347
8.7517 8.7199
.OM1
388
.052
3m
8.7186
.062
316
_____ .lo8
_-__ 309
8.6848
.W
306
8.6604 8.9334
.045
297
.a%
3a4
8. rlsae
.m
=a
9 . m z 9.8818 9.0674 8. a 1 6 9.0333 ______
_____ 7.7318 8 . W . 9.9954 a w
.ma
5 3 * Y 9
.117
199
.018 .lo8
188 ' 61 ____ .006
367
.017
34S
.990
14 ma
8.6937 8.7199 8.7517 8.0966 8.6848 7.7378 ___--_ 8.6956 8.4846 9.9867
.049
41
.os?
33
.056
aa .9y9 ..WM .005
i 3
--_-- .ow
---_ ' 351'
.Q1
"17
.BBB
a6
8.8873 8.6837
.048 .049
a 7199
.052
8.8898 8. w4 8.3m 8.8956
.049 .045 .017 .050
______
_____ 8.6377
.w .
.9.1835
153
Ml 41 33 19 88 ' l a 9 2l 36
9.0688 9.9964 a 4418 8. sa83 8.9334 9.9954 a 4 w 8.6877 -__-__ 8.1801
.in .9m .m .oal .088 ,880 ,.w1 ,034 .016
a4 14 1 1 352 36 '346 343 333' -1: 188
8.3234 8.wa 7.9670 8.9810 8.4W
.OZl .Oll .008 $29
atma
.ma
8.8857 9.1835
.m .1P .
8.1801
.015
.-.--.-
I
.--
-
16 6 177 T .
4 as ' 168 336 325 111 -11-
.. . . . .
' HARMONIC ANALYSIS A X D PREDI).ICTIOW OF TIDES 239
____ 347 338 326 319 346 331 317 322 344 3!i4 145
:L _____________. 8.8144 ______
___ 8.6856 8.6888 8.6788 7.8581 8.9810 9.2642 9.9867 7.7378 8.2818 8.6248
. .
.086
13 ____ .050 049
861' 341
.048
332
.OW .088 . l e 2 .968. .W5
178 184 150 335 367
018 .042
186 158
M
.
a 75178. etm ______
_____ w 8.8896 a3263 a 2616 am2 8.9810 a 2616 8 . ~ ~ 18.0m
8. e
.OM. .OM)
22 9 ____ ..050351 .049341 ..OW8 .OM174 .MI0169 .W.
184
.018
186
.G98
196
.Ol8
167
s.ms ______ aetm ~ 4 1 x 67.7378 8.3318 a2616 a m i 0 9.-
N - a t - 1 ~ ~ 19 9 ____ 351 . 17 3 188 174 196
.052.
82
8.8898
.049 .050 _____ .Ow .Oal .W5 .OZ .018. .OW .W .W
7 rn
177 25
2~ _____________. a.W.
m 7 am6 a m ______ a5377 a m 7.417~ 7.1378
8.13788
.W .Ow _____
Q.um.7.nm 9.9~~7
9 . ____
.048 .017 .W3
.034 .988 .la .W .o(M.
41 28 19 27 12 178 3 36 6 25
.R*_____________ 9.8854 7 . ~ a~3 m 1 z a w 8.5377 ______
. 14. 183 352 ..Oal348 333 - ____
Bgg .OW .a21 __ __ .890346 331 .113.
.OM
338
7.2764 8 . m 8.1173
9.8954 9.8818 9.0538
.W2 .015 .
369
.959
188 159
(Mo
8, __.__________
. .
Q.QSBa w i o . 8 . m i 6 7.7378 8.m ______
.W _____
am am a . m a m 6
9.8954 9.8951
14 ____
. .. B58 '. 096 ..
.018 .017
006 .018 . ,042 .018
.MI0 .OM)
. 28 ,196 186 857 348 346 851 193 !&la 174
T:_____________ 9.9587 9.m~ a m 8.3318 7.417~ 9.8818 ______ 9.0854
8 . ~ 1 8a 5 m a . 8 3 ~a 3 z e z
. .809 .192 .om ..o21 .w3 .959 .990 ___-_.026
14 ____
.038 .068 .021'
43 210 . 201 191 l82 29 185 a07 217 8
hr ______________ 9.2002
.162 .
9.9857 8 . ~ 1 0a2616 aetm
7 . m 9 . m
.Ol8l86 357 ..113Y .050 ______ s w a m 7.7378
a4418
_____ aOa . 212 .0053
175 ____
.968 .086 .005 .OS .042 092
. - 38 25 196 . 9
(lo ______________ a= . 7.7378 aaais 8.9810 9.8867 7.2754 8 . m a m a m ______ a.6955 a m
_____ .0509 .OM161
163 . 158 ____
.OP .O@ .Ol8 .oBB .W .oOa .018
' .038 .042.
16 , 3 174 335
?64 1 167
-. --- ---._-..
_-____________
~
I .
.050 _____
ZL'
ry
.011 .018 ,.pl .,W .la
6 174 184 ..
33.5 335
.044 .y3 . 8.6855
~ ~ 2 8 : # 1 1 1 1 - 8 ' ~ ~ ~ 8 5 5 7 - 9 : 1 8 2R-8a48'83324
015.
172
5'El~ 8.9640
092
148
8.6016
351 ____ .032
151
B~M ___________ 9 . m am8 a 2688 7.6900 7. nm 8.m~ 8. 2616 a 8mz 7.7378 8. a539
. amis
.M2a08 __.__.
_____
.I01
Zl6
.M2
Zoa
.Ol8 .004
193 183
M)5 ,OB0 .018
364 #)1 186
.021
352
.005
357
.018
199 ____
240 U. 9,COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
KI . MI 00 PI 24QI
- --- 01
- -- ---
81 PI
a 6896 --____a4887
341
.OB
35
.875
51
9 . m
.037 .046 .046 .om ..OM .049 ____- .031 .12s
82 63 38 120 2s 19 _-- 53 70
0.9818 8.4403 8.3224 8.8391 9.9818 8.4645 8.4887 ______ 8.1701
.95Q
. 29
.028
180
.021
344
.om
73 -
.959
331
.om
335
.031
307
_____
_--
.015
196
8. oJ20
.01112 7.9572 8.9640 A4112
.m .Om .026
8.W
.039
9.9418 9.0868 8.1761 :
.875 .125 .015
______
_____
174 148 w 136 280 164 _--
-- "S
HARMONIC AN&YSIS OF TIDES
ABD P ~ W C T I O N 241
I _ _ _ _8.8058 _____.
_ _8.3588
_ _7.7379 :
. a w 9.9418 7.2738 aa475'8.5270 a m ______
_____ 8 . m a m
. .?XI .
?l
@I6
6
.018 .OB2
167 148
.875
308
.oOa .018 .034 .039 .
3 154 128 135 ___ .049
19
.017
141
______ 1_______ ao5ao.aa588
.011
8.8840
.Ol8 .OB2
9.8418 9 . m 8.1761
.675 .1% .016
a m am
.Oaa135 .056
8.8933 besen
.078 .
OlB
:-.:-
________ 8 . 6
.O%
12 167 148 308 a80 164 107 116 341 122
a
28~--...-.--..aem m
~ ~ 4 7 ' 17.5888
s 7.7356 a ~ m
8 . m ~8.3224 7.7379 a m a w
.089
aM)
.wB
a25
.018
206
.
004 .MI6 . O S
187
.018 .021
318 223 183 344 364 219
.005 .017 .OB
a38
_____
___
. ..
I
a08 199 851 %l 275
9.m7 9 . m 8.m9 8.3377 --__-_ .7.7367 8.1982 9.9587 A6315
.666
86
.loo .018 .m
237 . 199 152 -___ .005
351
.016
323
9w
CB
. .034
247
8.6225 8.6607. 8.6798 7.8138 7.7367 8.6798 8 . W 9.88u)
..ai3 . .046 .048 .007 .@a. __--- .048 .m .?a1
____
1
95 66 28 161 9 332 b2 76
8.3232 8 5m 8 . W 7.4337 a lam 8.6798 ___--_ 8.4014 8.9351
.021 :033 .Ma .cQ3 .016 . .048 -_--_ .m .OS6
123 95 57 9 37 as _-__ sa 104
8 . 3 1 ~ a6579
~ 9.917 8. 4505 8.4014 _____- a ises
.02l .w5 .MI9 . .m
337 108 317 308
.025
---..016!a
280
i____
.oo
-
Ki
_
MI
.- ---
0,
-
PI
-- 81 PI
I !en&(B. c,etc.)
.- - .-const
-Disturbing -. -
. --
--
KI
8.4360 8.3946
MI
- ---
.01
a 2695
00
--
8.0381
PI
- '2Q.
a m
_-..
QI
8.0930 8 . W 7
81
-
'
n
A
7.7771
.027
a05
.026
229
.019
239
011.
170
.054
E253
. .OM
264
.om
: 288
.wn
.319
.006
a01
---___ 8. 4360 8. a8a8 8; !W28 B.5078 .%a085 a.2094 9.8992 7. isis
--___ .
. .
-
,027 .OB ..om
_-- '605 . 314 146
'.32a
aa8
.019 .OM. .788
.a38 - 2 6 4 j 284
.m
a58
8. mil __- ___ 8.036i 8; 26b6 5.4838.. 8.26% a-Ms a 8500 a.2196
.027
'155 ___ ' .011180 ..019
121
'.030
.M.
' .018
214 -339 j
.
..Ole , .071
89
,017
. 332
8.2523 8.0361
, .018 ..nii
______
..ni5.
_-.-_
8: 1796 7.9151.
-.M
.a& S+wer' , 8 . 5 r n .
. :027. .m5. .a33 .a8687
.047
-146 . 170 8 __i 11.1. -14 305 -229 I 80 322
I
am 8.2896 g1796 B.476b 4.1.133 7. esia'.a. 2156 -7. 83i5
-
L _ i _ _ _
.018
- 214
.09
. 339
,015
249
-i____
--_
n.030 .
.om .010 I .OM .m7
211
'
,!a2 , 2 7 3 '268
; 328
9. m 8.4838 .7.9151 8..4780 :----: ' .i.a2.4 7. w61.' 0.8993. . a 2746
. .322 .030 .m ..030
.. ,2133 . 337 .- 346
..OM . 0 1 0 . j .793 .Ol9
88 ---: ' 191 216 : 308
66
8. a695 8.3628 8 . : m 8..1133
.019 ..018 ..027 ..013
1. cw4
..w
..____ ,027 .Ol8 .;
8.4360 8.a605 -9.6387
_____ .435
'. -121 . 146 ' 155 87 169 _-- m 5 : 56 117
8. a084 8. a695 8.3648 7.6812 7.9951 .8.4360 ---___..7.9233 .a7610
-. . _-___.
016
_ - .ge
.OL9 .025 .so10
121 . 131 . 6 2'
..010
144.
.027
165 ___ ! .aMa0 .058
92
9.8993 8.8500 8.5106 8.2158
.793 .071 .033 ..OM
9.8992
..m . .ol8
7.9238.
. m . , _----
______ 8.314.3
. 021
-60 271 a80 sa 294. 305 330 _-_ %a
7.l819 8.2188 8.W397 7.8315 8.9748 .9.6387 .8. 7610.' 8. $143
.0024 .017 .047 ..007 ..019 .435 .@E.. .cnl . ___
_-___
--
a8 ' 3 8 149
-
I 52 243 338 118
. ... . -
. ..
HARMONIC ANlfiYSIS AND PREDICMON OF TID.ES 247
Ks
- - - La
- brlr
-N: 2N
- -Ra . 8:
-- Tq
- XI
-- va
-18M pa
PI __---_________
7.7771 7.8424 7.9161 a6897 9.6987 a m 7 . m a m am46 ______
_____ a m 7.8810
. . .OM ,001 .OD8 ..047 .435
159' , 169 14 38 2?3
.017
93
.008
27
.Oll
141
.019.
52 ___ .Om
168
.008
41
w ______ L-:____ 7.1819'7.gisi
.OOa 8.6697 9.8387 8.7610 a3143 8.mw717834
.019 .Mw
a m a.w ______
_____ 8.1118
4
.047
.OD8
14
.058
88
.021
.435
243 asS 118 52 166
.037
76
.On
205 ___ .013
65
z s ~ a 6254 a n a
.034 .Ol9
7.9025 B. 7763 7. ew 8 . 4 6 ~ 17.9161 a 62013 7.64% 7.0~30 a 1118
.m .OO1 .Oar .OB .as .033 .001 .ow .OM
_____
_______
288 308 333 358 !MZ 232 346 280 191 319 %6
248 .: U. 6. COAsrr AND GEODETIC SWRVEY
I
Disturbing.constituents(B. 0, eta.)
.Constituent sought -- - --
--
(A) . JI .6 .00 PI. . 24 81'
-- -PI
1 01 QI
--
' '
--
3.1496 8.1341 7.9150 7.4385 3.4234 7.9579 1.9582 a 6570 7. og48
.014 .014 .m .m ..on .m ,009 .046 .001
195 210 207 3 215 2% 238 a85 185
___-__a 1495 7.7528 7.7528 f.073 7.9150 7.9579 9.8470 7.5128'
.014. __-___..014 .006 .006 .ll8 . . m .m .m .003
___- 195 192 168 199 207 223 aeo 350
M~ _________________ a i a i . 8.1496 _---_- 7.4305
.om
7.9150
.m
7.w 7.7528
.m .m
7.9150 5.76%
.m
8.0859.
.014
150
.014
166 ____ 357 153
..OD5
4 192 207 84
.012
335
01__________________ 7.9150 7.7528
.m .OM
7.4385
.m
_-----
______ 7.7427
.006
7.5513 8.1495
.004 .014
3.1341 8.4422
.Old .m
a 3724
.a
153 168 3 __-- 150 7 195 210 87 338
7.75% 7.9150 7.7437 -__-_- 6.1140 7.8343 7.8831 a 3778 6.6248
.006 .m .MKl ..013 007 .007 .024 .ooo
19.2 207 acrr __-_ 212 m 235 292 182
.pI
.
a m 9.0739 7. em
.m
7.5613
.a
8.1140
.013
______ 7.4230
__---_ .om
7. 74Q
.006
9.8470
.703
7.9862
.010
.027. .118
145 161 356 353 148 __-- 188 203 80 331
QI __________________ 7.9579 7.9150 7 . 7 5 s 8.1495 7.8343 7.4230
.Mw .014 . .m ..m
______ 6.1495 a uio 9.3888
.m. .om .014 .017 .M
137 153 168 165 140 172 ___- 195 72 142
24 ____ i 7.9582
____ __ 7.9579
__ 7.9150
. .m. .m
_ :7.8831
_ _1341
.m
a
.014 .007
7.7409 8.1495
.MwI . .014
______ a 0589
___-__ .011
8.5788
.038
122 137 153 154 125 157 165 -_-- 57 127
9. e470 8.7639 8.44Z
.O58 .m
8.376
.021
o . w o a2410
.703 .017
8.0689
.01157 ______
_-----
a 2582
.018
.703
80 276 273 68 380288 _--- a50
7.5128 8.ow a 3724 6.6248 7.0852
..m
9.3888
. .245
a 5709 a m -_--__
______
.m
10
.012
26
.024
E li3
.010
28 218
.038
233
.ol8
110 ____
- -
ARXLYSIS ARD PFGEMC~ONOF T ~ E S
HAJXMOXTC i.249:
Table 2Q.-Elimination factors-Continued
SERIES 163 DAYS. SEMIDIURNAL CONSTITUENTS
~
. .
_______
X: _______:8.4234 9.3888 8.3724 i.5513 7.4230 8.6570 8.1406 8.7629
.027 . I 5 ..OZM .OW .045' .Ol4 .058.
______
7 . W 2 8.3388 7.42aO
.010 .OB .a03
;M)4
19 142 338 353 198 ' 65 185' 84 ____
_____ ,
331 315 172
,,. . _______.. .
7.0848 7.4230 7.5513 am4 a asas a iw 7.5483 a isss 7.91352
.001 . .003 ..004 .024 .245 .014 .001 .015. .010 . _____ ~ . i 4 9 67. ~ 2 6
175 172 7 23 218 95 14 114 29 ____ .014166 .00321
______________ 7.5128 7.5513.a37w 9.m 1x5769 8.- . 9 ~ 5 2ai~tie8.3986 ai& ______ 7.8424
.GU47 .ON..22 .246218. .038!233 .018110 7.OlO 195 ____
.OW .OM .022 .014 _ _ _ - _.007
10 29 129 45 36
%M ___________ ai450 7 . ~ 7.5483
2 +soen 7.4186 8.- 7.5613 a4.m 7.4230 7.5426 7.8424 _____
.014 .010 .004
334
.a00 .003 .029 .004 .028 .003
331 348 181 1W
.OW
258
.007
353 273
____ 188 339 324 ___
250
Table !2Q.-Elimination factOrs-Continae&
8EBIE8 182 DAYR DIURNAL CONSTITUENTS
I
- - --Disturbingeonatituents (8.-
I
C. ete.)
Constituent sought
-
(A)
-I
JI KI
--
MI 00
. .
.
I
QI 2Q
--
PI 81
__--
.o12
844
.w: ,OI4 165 .004
a5o
.a01
3%
.M9
80
7. .m1 ___--- 7.5826 6.4m 7.8813 7.8691 aam
.w.10 a%
16 ---_
__I__ .OM
a
.ooo
0 1
.005
186
.005
192
.m
95
a om. 7.589 7.0365 7.58.26 -___-_7.8388 7.3409 7.0344 8.3350
.om
a44
, . 350
.
001
3Ml
.004
840
_ _ - _ _ 007
--.- a41 t ,.ma
846
.001
352
.o21
!W
a 1441 ______
_____
:E! 9 ___- .001186
7.3819 .6.4m 7.1647 7.8491 9.1801
. 002a. .014
195
.000369 %g(gs
.a7
19
, .ma
191
.a
96
6.5151. 7.0355 7.5891 7.6613 7.3409 7.1647 _____-7.8013 aim
. m . .001. .w .om ,002 .001 __--- .oob .OM
178 4 10 174 14 175 _-_- 186 89
7.0888 6. 5151 7.0356 7. R591 7.0344 7.8491 7.0813 a0616
-L-
.a31 , .ooo
173 178
.001
4
.w
1%
.001
8
,002
,169
..m
174
___--
__-- .o12
84
8. m 1 Q. 1907 a m a 309s 83250 9.7807
. 280
.a.0 9 .023 .021 .cM
8.1911 a0616
. ______
_____
.042
89 95 !xu 104 285 '
U16
271
.o12
276 ____
7. m.7.6488
.ma , 001. . 7.ssss
.ow
7.7679
.WE
7.6132 7.8097
.w .m
a 8580
.072
aog3i. a m
.Ol2 .OM
10 16 aa 6 23 .7 192 196 102
- -
.. ..
H A ~ M O N I CANXLYSIS AND PRZDICTION OF T~DES 251.
252. u. s., GO& A&D GEODET;IC Smvm : ':
(A?
Evrl 01 ' 00 . PI : QI . 2Q . 81 PI
-- _---
'
_ . -. - i
i- -. --L..--.-_.i
.on8
i--. 358 35a 103 180
a.287~. 8.oim
. 7 . w 7.9465 .
.mm
______
_----
8.2351 7.8& 7.7946 8.rn78 7.8188'
.ow
.019
332
.010
aza
.ooB
324 aS6 ____ io17
2w)
..W7
zea
.aM .012
288 . 219 306
8.3590 9 . m 7 a 4188
. 7.3352 a2351 ______ 6.7176 6.4350 9.6969 7.6aM'
.033 .l6l. 026 .oOa .017 ..001 .m .498 .m.
42 38 .214 186 70 __-_ 182 358 109 195
7.7969. 7.8848 8.0179
. 0 0 6 . .008. .
010
7.4061 7.8828 6.7176
.m .ow ;oo1
______ 7.4061
.oQ3
e..013
11.12 8;8310
.088
39 36 . 32 4 B s 178 ____ 356 107 13
7.7322. 7.7969 7.8848 7. 4052 7.7946 k4350 7.4061 __---_ 7. K48 .-8.0073'
. 0 0 5 . .006 .008 .M)3 .aM OM) '.003 -_--_ .w .010
4 3 a 9 36 7 71 2 4 ____ 110 17
8.5324 9.6969'
.034.. .498.
a 6172
.041285 8.2991 8.0778
.020 .o12
1.-
2498
8:1112
..013
.9i48
.w
_____
_____ .. . a 1~85.
.014
,113 109 257 141 251 253 850 ' __L_ 286
7.6535. 7.7209 7.8313 7.8800 7.8188 7..5854 a8310 a con &I495 -.;A:--;
.Yi'*""i - .007
19
.m ilNJ7 ' .at4 ..088
170 M 166 a47
.010
343
.OM -----
----
- A
, 94
.I.. _.:
H A R M O N I C AWALYSIS ANI) PREDICTION O F D E S 253
8E8
Z S M_________
~ a 7.5854 7. ma'.1.0877 718a a a
2035 w 7.3352 a mi 6.7176 7.3294 7 . l . w ~ ______
6.
.oOa -.001 . m 1 .Om .Om .a01 .a02 .Mw _____
a01 ____
.016 .@I4 .a02
224 196 192 188 184 296 186 257 Isa 198 '
254 U. S. <SOASP AND GEODETIC SURVEY
K:_____________ ______ 7.5338 8.0368 7.9899 7.7726 9.3359 9.2585 9.1076 8.3896 7.5223 7.3907 8.2357
_____
____ .OW187 .all227 .OlO
. 266
.006 .217
306 214
.181
247
.128 .025
281 a87
.003 .002 .017
206 346 88
L: ________ ____ 7.5338 -1____ 8.2770 8.1622 7.9326 8.'1514 8.4724 8.5711 9.3368 7.5300 7.7467 8.0286
. . .003 _____ .019 .015 .009 .014 .030 .W7 .217 .OW .006 ,011
~
.007
146 333 193 233 m ____ 214 247 253 352 313
SI ______________ 9.2565 8.4724 7.7467 7.5300 7.8163 9.3362 - - - _ _ _9.336!2 8.2770 7.7179 8.0286 7.7467
.181 .030 .006 .003 .007 .217 - - _ _ _ .217 .019 .005 .Oll .006
113 300 330 199 239 146 ____ 214 220 319 279 21
TI_____________ 9.1076 8.5711 8.1268 7.4214 7.5240 9.2586 9.3362 ._.___ 7.5385 7.8920 8.0039 7.5339
.1% .W7 .013 .OW .003 .181 .217 ___ __ .OB. .M)8 .OlO .OW
79 266 306 346 205 113 146. ____ 186 285 245 167
XI _____8.3896
__. 9.3366
.__ 8.4724
_ _7.7467
_ 7.5300 8.42M 8.2770 7.5385 ______ 8.0286 8.1647 7.5300
_____
'
.OS .217 .ON . .006 .003 .OH .019 .003 .Oll .015 .003
73 80 300 339 199 107 140 174 ____ 279 239 161
ps ___________:--7.6233 7.5500 7.7467
.003. .OW . .006
8.4724 9.3366 7.0150 7.7179 7.8920 8.0a86
.ON .217 .001 .005 .008 ,011
______.
8.2770. 7.6680
_____ .019 ,005
154 161 21 60 280 8 . 41 : 75 81 ____ 140 62
I? ______________ 7.39077.7467 8.47% 9.3366 %a230 7.8897 8.0286 8.0039 8.1647 8.2770 - _ _ _ _7.7984
_____ _
.002
14
.W .030 .a17 ,017 .ooS .Oil .010 .015 .Ol9
21 60 280 320 48 81 115 121 m ____ .006
111
2SM ___________ 8.23578.0% 7.7179 6.2M4'7.5050 8.1268 7.7467 7.5339 7.5300 7.6680 7.7984
.
______
_____
,017
272
.Oll
279
.005
319
OOO
359
.003 .013 .OM
218 306 339
.003 ,003 .005 .006
193 IS9 288 258 ____
260 U. 6. COAST AND GEODETIC S'URVEY
KI_____________ ______
_____ 7.4362 7.7427 7.8631 7.8244 9.0720 9.0470 9.0037 8.3392 7.0934 7.5061 8.0971
. . .
____ OOC
354
.006
204
.007 ,007
235 265
118
199
111 .lo1 .022 .001 .003 .013
219 238 249 190 340 53
Lz _____________ 7.4352 ______
..003 _____
8.1340 8.0698 7.95% 8.0858 8.3388 8.4852 9.3882 7.4186 7.5483 7.8354
.014 .Ol2 ,008 .012 .022 .031 .194 .003 .MI4 .GUS
6 ____ 210 241 371 25 45 64 256 198 348 59
MI _____________ 7.7437 8.1340 ______
.014 _____
8.1340 8.0698 7.0958 7.5483 7.9190 8.3386 7.6483 8.3388 7.5347
.
.006
158 150 ____ .014 .012 .OOl .004 .OW .022
210 241 175 14 34 45
W 4 .022 .003
346 315 28
Na_____________ 7.8631 8.0898 8.1340 ______
_____
8.1240 7.7259 7.4186 6.7213 7.5483 8.3386 9.2883 8.3062
.014 .005 .003 .
.007
125
.013 .014
119 150 ____ 210 144 164
.001 .004
3 14
Oaa
315
.194
105 '%
2N _____________ 7.8244
; 007
7.9526 8.0698 8.1340
.009 .012 .014
______
_________ 7.7948 7.7040 7.51% 7.4186 9.2882 8.3594 7.4010
.006 .W6 .003. .003 .194 .O% .003
95 89 119 150 114 133 153 164 106 75 148
R: _____________ 9.0720 8.0858 7.0956 7.7259 7.7948 . _ _ _ _ _ 9.0472 8.2809 7.0444 7.7843 7.9190
8.0725
.118 ,012 .001 .005 .W8 .____ .118 .112 .Ol9 .W1 ,006 .008
161 335 185 218 246 ____ 199 219 230 361 321 34
Sr ______________ 9.0470
.lll
8.3388 7.5483 7.4188 7.7040 9.0725
.OS .004
______
9.0725 8.1340 7.5347 7.9351 7.5483
.Om .005 .118 --L-- .llS .014 .003 .ooS ,004
141 315 348 196 227 161 199 210 332 ____
301 14
TI_____________ 9.0037 8.4852 7.9190 6.7213 7.51% 9.0472 9.0725
.lo1 .031 .om .001 ,003 .112 .118
______
_____
7.7468 7.7359 7.9960 7.0956
.006 .005 .010 .001
122 296 3% 357 a07 141 181 ____ 191 312 282 175
XI ______________ 8.3393 9.1882 8.3388 7.6483 7.4186 8.2809
.022 .194 .022 .o(H .OW ,019
8.1340 7.7568 ______
7.9254 8.1912 7.4186
.014 .006 - .___
.008 .016 .003
111 105 315 346 198 130 150 169 301____271 164
pa ______________ 7.09347:4186 7.5483 8.3386 9.2882 7.0444 7.4347 7.7359 7.9254
.001 .W3 004 .
.022 .194 .OOl .003 .005 .OW
______
_____
8.1340 7.5118
.014 .Ow
170 164 14 45 255 9 28 48 59 ____ 150 43
vz ______________ 7.5061
.003
7.5483 8.3386 9.3882 8.3594 7.7843 7.9254 7.9960 8.1812 8.1340
.o(H .032 .194 .023 .OW .008 .OlO .016 .014
______
_____ 7.7477
.006
XI 14 45 255 285 39 59 78 89 210 ____ 73
a8M ___________ 8.0971 7.9254 7.5347 6.3062 7.4010 7.9190 7.5483 7.0956 7.4186 7.5118 7.7477 ______
_____
.Ol3
307
.008
301
.003 .ooO .003 .GUS .004 .W1 .003 .003 .006
332 182 212 326 346' lS5 188 317 287 ____
262 . U. S. C o r n AND GEODETXC SURVEY
Constituent sough1 - -
Disturbing constituents (B, C, etc.)
- --
(.I)
JI MI
-
' 01 00 PI I QI SI
-PI
______
_-----
7.9464
.m
7.9167
.oo
7.5111 7.8888
.oo
7.8506
.w4
a 0032
.010206 6.7724
.M)3 .w1
---_ a01 222 203 19 245 365
7.9464 -_--__ 7.9464 6.7064 6.7064 I . 6331 8.4598 7. b794
.m _--_- .009 .001 .w1 .w4 .029 .w4
159 -_-- 9 1 182 178 224 185 334
7.9167 7.9464 -_____7.8888 7.5111 7.5111 7.8661 7. w9
.oo .m
____ .OM .w3 .w3 .007 . 010
I
138 159 341 157 203 164 313
7.5111
.003
6.7064
.001
7. 8888
.oo
______
___-_
6.7060
7 a500 7.9464. 7.9167 6.7720
:w3 .m .oo . w 1
8.1364
.014
.Wl
157 178 19 ____
176 8 201 222 3 331
7.8888 6. 7064 7.5111 6.m _ . _ _ _ _ _ 7.3914 7.3284 7.4740 7.1838 7.3105
.oo
341
. isa
w1 .m .001 ----_ .w2 .W2 .W3 . w 2
203 185 __._192 206 227 187
.002
336
8.0444 a4 s i 7.7393 7.2500 7.3914 - _ _ _ - _ 7.2957 7.5554 8. 4598 7.7296
.011 .029 .w5 .ma .ooa -____ .m .w4 .029 .W5
149 17C 191 352 163 --__ 193 214 175 334
7.6331 7.5111 6. M64 7.9464 7.32% 7.2957 ______ 7.9464 7. 4212 9.1482
.004' .m .m --_-_ .m
136 157
.w1
178 159
.w2
154
.w2
167 ____ mi
.003
162
.141
130
7.6508 7.6331 7.5111 7.9167 7.4740 7.5554 7.9464 7.6984 8.3129
.004 .004 .a03 .OM .003 .004 .m .004 .021
115 138 157 138 133 146 159 141 109
8.0032 a 4508 7.8651 6.7729 7.1838 8.4688 7.4212 7: 6607
.010
154
.029
175
.Mn
196
.w1
357
.m
173
.029
' la
.003
198 ___- .005
329
6.7724 7.5794 7.8839 8.1364 7.3105 7.7296 9.1482 7.6607 ------
.w1 .w4 .010 .014 .002 .W5 .141 .006 -__--
6 2t 47 2 9 2 4 8 6 m 31 -___
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF TIDES 263
Table 29.-Elinaination factors-Continued
264 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC STJRVEY
K, ___________________ 8.3371
__--_ .om
6.6332 7.8760 7.5509 8.0074 8.0072 8.W6 8.2982 5.7098 7.8892 7.1088
.000 .M)8 .OM .OlO .010 .010 .om ,000 .008 .001
248 358 187 217 358 356 354 286 0 250 175
Lr_____________ 8.3371 ____ _ _ 8.3503 7.8740 7.6166 8.3758 8.4168 8.4607 9.0329 7.8885 6.6537 7.8217
.OB - ____ .022 .007 .004 .024 0% .
028 .
.lo8 .008 .ooo .008
112 ___ 290 219 329 110 108 106 217 291 182 106
Ma____________ 6.6332
.qo2 8.3503
.
-- - _ - _ 8.3503 7.8740 5.7100 6.5537 6.9049 8.4188 6.5537 8.4168 6.5549
- __ __ .OB .007 .OOO ,000 ,001 .026 .ow .O% .ooo
___ 290 219 0 178 177 108 182 ,252 177
Nb-__________- 7.8780 7.8740 8.3503 ______ 8.3503 7.8824 7.8885 7.8944 6.5537 8.4189 9.0329 7.6658
,008 .007
73 ,
,022
141
_____ .022 .008 .008 .008 ,000 .O% .lo8 .Om
70 ___ 290 71 89 67 178 252 143 67
2N _____________ 7.5509 7.6166 7.8740 8.3503 ______
.ooa .004 .007 .om ___ __
7.5772 7.6024 7.6268 7.8885 9.0328 8.0686 7.4452
,004 .ow ,004 .008 .lo8 . o n .003
143 31 111 70 ___ 141 139 138 69 143 33 138
Ra__________---
8.0074 8.3758 5.7100 7.8824 7.5772 ______ 8.0074 8.0072 8.3!235 6.1771 7.8055 6.9049
.OlO .ON
2 250
.a00
0
.008
a89
.004
,219
_____
i__
,010
358
.
010 .02l
356 288 181
.
OOO .008 .001
252 177
SI______________ 8.0072 8.4169 6.5537 7.8885 7.6024 8.0074 . _ _ 8.0074
_ - _8.3503 6.5549 7.92l7 6.5537
.OlO .026 .OOO .008 .004 .010 _____ .OlO .022 .000 .008 .OOO
4 252 182 291 231 2 --- 358 290 183 254 178
TI _____________
8.W6 8.4607 6.9049 7.8944 7.6268 8.'0072 &GO74 _ _ _ _ _ _ 8.3792 6.7601 7.9377 5.7100
.OlO .028 .001 .008 .004 ,010 .OlO* ----_ .ON .001 .008 .OOO
6 254 183 293 222 4 I ___ , 281 . , 185 256 0
_____________ 8.om
. S 2 9.0328 8.4164 6.5537 7.8885 8.3235 8.3503 8.3792 ______ 7.9317 7.9044 7.8885
.108 .0% .m .008 .o21 .022 .ON ----_ ,008 .m ,008
74 143 252 182 291 72 70 69 ___ 254 324 6!3
______________ 5.7089 7.8885 6.5537 8.41& 9.0329 6.1771 6.5549 6.7801 7.92l7 .__---
8.3503 6.5542
.ooo
.OOO .OD8 .OOO
0 W 178
.026 .108
108. . 217
.OOO
179 '?!7
001 . .008
' 175, 108
___
___-
.o22
.
70 175
h _____________ 7.8892
.008
6.5537
.OOO'
8.4169 8.03!29 8.0588 7.9055 7.9217~7.9377'7.80448.3503
.025 IO8 ..011 .008 .008 .008 . ______
.____
7.8990
110 178 108 217 327 108 106 104.
co8 .W2
36 290 ___ .006105
2SM __.________
7.1088 7.8217 6.5549 7.6658 7,4452
.MI1 .W'. .OM) .005... ..ow
6.8048 6.5537 5.7100 7.8885 6.3542 7.6890
,001 .ooo .000 .m .m .005
______
_____
185 254 1.83. 293. 223 183 182 0 291 ,185 255 ____
.. ...... . .
. .: _.
266 U. S. COAsrr AND GEODETIC SURVEY
Table $0.-Products o f amplitudes and angular functions for Form 245
-
I
-
I
0 - 1- --- ---
2 3 4 6
0
- - --
Sin cos Sin cos
Sin
-- -
Sin cos cos Sin CN
-
I 0.00 1.00 w
0. 2.00 0.00 3.00 am 4.001 0.001 5001 w)
.01
.03
1.00
0.99
.03
.07
2.00 .05 3.00 .m 3. 99 .08' 4. 99 89
1. QQ .10 2.90 .14 3.981 .17#
.os .99 .10 l.W .16 2.w .m 4.99 88
3. 991 .28: 4w 87
1 .on .W .I41 1. 99 mi 2.88: .271 3. w
I
.w .m .17. 1.90 .m .34l 4 881 88
t .lo! .m .D 1. gs' .3b
4981
2.08
.341
.4l1
3.w
3.971
.431
.a 4. 88;
4.97,
85
84
1 .12 .w .24 1.88, .MI 2.811 .48: 3.9n .w w
I ,131 .w .m 1.88 .411 2.81: .55: 3.961 .w 4. 83
% .I51 .w .31: 1. m
i .461 2. ge: .a 3. 961 .re 4. 911
4. st
82
81
ia .17! .9& .34: 1. Q7l .a1
11 .
191 .w .38:
2.m .891 3.m .&I 4. 9B 80
13 .m .971 ,4lI
1.9a
1.851
.5z
.0%
2.94:
2. Q3!
.763
.a
3.9%
3.91: 1.0a
.w 4. Wt
4.891
79
78
12 ..24:
221 .97' .45l .m
14
15
..w
Q7l .4&
1.941
1.941
.07!
.74
2. 9z
2.911 .w
3.89i
3.881
1.121
1. 2lC
4.87:
4.855
77
70
.25< .51l 1.83: .77t 2.w 1.031 3.864 1.294 4.w 76
10
17
.27d
.m .MI
.%5f
.551
.a
1.923 .8% 2. e84 1.103 3.845 1.3n 4. 80t 74
1.913 .8Z as61 1.188 3. a25 1.462 4.782
18 .a08 .951 .018 1.W .92i 2.852 73
1.2% 3.804 1.645 4.755 7a
19 .320 .w .051 1.891 .811 2. 831 1.302 3.782 1.028 4.72 71
a0 .34!2 .94c .884 1.87G 1.028 2.818 1.388 3.759
21 .35a .a4 .711 1.861 1.075 2 801 1.433
i.7ia 4.m m
3.734 1.792 4. BBB 68
2a .375 .92i .749 1.864 1.124 2. %a 1.488
23 .391 .m .7al 3.709 1.873 4630 88
1.841 1.172 2.762 1.583 3.682 1.954 4.602
24 .407 .914 .813 1.822 1.224 a 741 07
1.027 3.m 2.034 4.588 66
25 .423 .m .a45 1.813 1. as8 2.719 1.880 a 025 2 113 4 632 05
28 .438 .899 .ai7 1. m 1.315 2.898 1.753 3.685 2.192 4494
'27 .454 .a91 64
.w)8 1.782 1.362 2 673 1.810 3.584 2.m 4.465 63
28 .4w ,883 .639 1.706 1.408 2.649 1.878 3.532 2.347 4.416
23 ,485 .875 .m 1.749 1.464 2.624 1.939 3.m 2 424 4.373
0a
30 .500 .aM 1. wo 1. I33 1.500 2.598 2. 000 3.404 2.500
01
4.330 60
31 .515 .857 1.030
32
33
,530
.545
. a48
.a39
1.om
1.088
1.714
1.888
1.077
1.545
1.690
1.634
2. 572
3.544
2. OB0
2. im
3.429
3.392
2.576
2.850
4.288
4.240
59
58
2.510 2.179 3.355 2. 4.183 67
34 ,559 .a% 1.118 1.858 1.678 2. 487 2 !287 3.316 2.796 4 145 58
35 .574 .a19 1.147 1.038 1.721 2. 457 2.2Q4
30 .589 .a09 1.170 3.277 2.868 4086 55
1.018 1.783 2.427 2.351 3.230 2. e39 4.045 54
' 37 .em .7QQ 1.- 1.597 1.805 2.396 2.407 3.195 3.008 3.993 6a
38 .016 .788 1.231 1.578 1.847 2.364 2.463 3.162 3. 078
a9 .02Q .777 1.258 1.554 1.888 2.331 3.940 52
2.517 3.108 .3.147 3.886 61
40 .643 .766 1.286 1.532 1.828 2.208 2.571 3. 064
41 .868 .755 1.312 3.214 3.830 50
1.508 1. WIB 2.204 2.624 3.019 am 3.774 49
42 .869 .743 1.338 1.495 2.007 2.229 2.077 2.973 3.346 3.710 48
68 .882 .731 1.364 1.463 2.046 2. 194 2.728 2925 3.410
44 .095 .719 1.388 1.439 2. 084 3.657 47
2 168 2.770 2.877 3.473 3.587 40
-- 45
-- -
3.707 0.707 1.414 1.414
- - --
2.121 2. I21 2.828 2.828 3.536
- 3.536 45
-
'
Sin cos
-- -
0 0. ooo 6.m 0. a00 7. ooo 0. m aooo 0. wo 9. qoo 90
1 .lo6 5.999 .132 0.999 .la 7.899 .157 am 89
2 .m 5.986 .244 6.996 .276 7.995 .314 a 895 88
3 .314 .5.992 .366 6.990 .419 7.989 .471 8.988 8:
4 .419 5.985 .a 6.983 .558 7.980 .638 a 978 00
5 .523 5.977 .010 6.973 .687 7.970 .784 a w 85
0 .027 5.967 ,732 6.902 .830 7.956 .941 a 951 84
7 .7a1 5.955 .853 6.948 .975 7.940 1.097 8.933 '83
8 .835 5.942 .974 6.932 1.113 7.922 1.253 a 912 82
9 .939 6.926 1.085 6.914 1.251 7. m 1.w 8.888 81
10 1.042 6.909 1.216 0.894 1.389 7.878 1.663 8.863 80
11 1.145 6.W 1.336 6.871 1.528 7.853 1.717 8.836 79
12 1.247 5.w 1.455 6.847 1.663 7.825 1.871 8.8w 78
13 1.350 5.846 1.675 6.821 1.800 7.795 2 025 a 709 77
14 1.452 ,5.822 1.693 6.792 1.935 7.762 2 177 a 733 76
15 1.653 5.796 1.812 6.702 2.071 7.727 2 329 am , 75
10 1.054 5. '188 1.929 6.729 2 205 7.090 1481 a 651 ' 74
17 1.754 5.738 2 047 0.694 2 339 7.650 2.631 8.607 73
18 1.854 5.708 2.163 6.057 2 472 7. go8 2.781 8.500 73
19 1.953 5.673 2279 6.619 2.005 7.664 2.930 8.510 71
30 2 052 5.038 2 394 8.578 2 730 7.518 3.078 a 457 70
21 2 150 5.801 2509 6.535 a. 007 7.469 am 8.403 69
22 2248 5.663 2m 6.490 2.997 7.417 3.371 a 345 68
23 2344 5.623 2 735 6.444 3.126 7.364 3.617 am 07
24 2.440 5.481 2 847 6.395 3.m 7.308 3.061 8.222 06
a6 2.536 5.438 2958 6.344 3.381 7. w) 3.804 a 157 65
26 2.630 6.393 3.069 0.292 3.m 7. im 3.945 8.089 04.
n 2.724 5.340 3.178 6.237 3.032 7.128 4.086 a 019 63
28 2.817 6.298 3. a88 6.181 3.756 7. o&I 4.22.5 7.947 ea
29 am9 5.w 3.394. 6. 122 3.878 0.997 4.363 7.872 01
30 3.m 5.196 3.500 6.062 4.m 6.928 4.500 7.784 80
31 3.090 5.143 3.605 0. OOO 4. la0 6.857 4.635 7.715 69
32 3.180 6.088 3.708 5.930 4.239 6.784 4.769 7.632 58
33 3.268 5.032 3.812 5.871 4.357 0.108 4.m 7.548 67
24 3.355 4.974 3.914 5.803 I474 6.632 6.093 7.401 56
35 3.441 4.915 I 015 5.734 4.589 6.553 5. lea 7.372 65
30 3.527 4.864 4.115 5.063 4703 6.472 haw) 7.281 64
37 3.611 4.783 4.213 5.590 4.816 6.389 5.410 7.188 MI
38 3.094 4.728 4.310 6.516 4.935 6.304 6.541 7. OBa 52
as 3.770 4.683 4.405 5.440 5.035 6. 217 8.664 6.994 51
40 3.857 4.586 4.504 5.302 5.142 6.128 5.785 0.894 50
41 3.936 I 528 4.692 5.283 5. w 0.038 5. m a792 49
42 4.015 4.1159 4.084 6. aOa 5.353 5.945 6.022 6.888 48
- 4 3 4.082 4.388 4. 774 6.119 5.456 5.851 6.138 0.583 -47
44 4.1w 4.316 4.883 5.035 5.567 5.755 6.252 6.474 46
- 45 4.243 4.243 4. w.0 4.950 5.667 5.657 6.304 0.304
- 45
ClM
6
-
Sin
7 1 8 1 9 -
268 U. 8. CWASll? A N D GEODE!CIC SVRVEY
Difference Constituent 2Q
-- I I
--
w d. h. d. h. d. h. d . h. d. h. d . h. d . h. d. h. d . A. d. h. '
Difference Constituent2Q
- --
f d . h. d . h. d . h. d . h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d. h. d . h.
140 17 147 16. 154 le' 161 16 168 16' . 175 15. 182 15. 189 15 196 15 2(y( 15
-1 141 0 23' 23' 23 3 22. 22. 22 22 22
-2 7 148 6" 155 6' 162 6 188 6 176 5 . 183 '5 190 5 197 5 !m 4 .
-3 14 13" 13' 13 13 12' 12' 12 12 11'
-4 20. 20. 20' 20 20 19. 10 19 19 18'
-5 142 '3 148 3
. 156 3' 163 3 170 3 177 '2 le4 '2 191 2 198 2 205 19
-6 10. 10' 10' 10 10 9' '
9 9 9 '8
-7 17. 17. 17' 17 17 16' 16" 16 16 16"
-8 143 0' 150 0 . . 157 0' 164 0 171 0 23' 23* 23 23 2'
-9 '7 '7 . 7' 7 7 178 '6 185 6' 192 6 199 6 206 .5*
-10 14' 14' 14 14 14 13. 13" 13 13 12.
-11 21. 21' 21 21 21 30. 30' 20 20 198
-12 144 '4 151 4* 158 4 165 4 a 0 0 3 207 '2
-13 11' 11' 11 11 11 10 9"
- 14 lS* 18:
-16 145 .1 152 1
18
159 1
18
186 1
17 16.
201 0 23*
-16 8. 8
. 8 8 7 208 6.
- 17 15' 15. 15 15 1
'
4 14.1 1
'
4 14 14 13'
-18 22' 22. 22 22 21' 21" 21* 21 21 m*
-19 146 5* 153 .5 180 5 167 6 174 '4 181 4" 188 4' 195 4 2024 m ' 3
-20 12. 13' 12 12 11' 11' 11' 11 11 10'
-21 19. 19. 19 19 18" 18' 18 18 18 17.
-22 147 2' 154 3' 161 2 ia a 175 1* 182 ' 1 189 1 196 1 2 0 3 1 210 0.
-23 9
' 9' 9 9 8. 8. 8 8 8 .
7
-
- -
-- ~-
--
Difterence Constituent3Q
H kr d . h. d. 1. d . 1. d. h. d. h. d . h. d . h. d. . h. d. h. d. h.
210 14" 217 14' 224 14 231 14 238 13. 245 13' 252 13 259 13 286 13 273 12'
+23 -1 21' 21' 21 21 20. 20' ?o 20 19' 19.
+n -2 211 4 . 2l8 4. 225 4 232 4 239 ' 3 246 3" 253 3 a803 287 a* 274 21
+21 -3 11' 11' 11 11 10. 10. . 10 10 '
9 9'
+m -4 18' 18. 18 18 17. 17' 17 17 16' 16'
4-19 -5 212 '1 219 1 . 236 1 233 1 240 0 ' 247 0. 254 0 261 0 23" 23.
+IS -6 8* 8' 8 8 7
. '7 7 7 268 6" 2i5 6'
+17 -7 15' 15. 15 15 14' 14' 14 14 13' 13'
4-16 -8 22' 22 22 22 21. 21. 21 21 20' 20.
-9 213 '5 220 5 227 5 234 5 241 4: 248 4 . 255 4 262 4 a69 '3 276 3*
+
+15
14 10
+13 -11
- 12.
19'
12
19
12
19
12
19
11
18'
11.
18'
11
I8
11
I8
10.
17'
10'
17'
+la -12 214 '2 221 2 228 2 235 3 2421*2491* 2561 2631 270 0. 277 0-
+I1 -13 9' 9 9 9 8. 8* 8 8 '7 '
7
+lo -14 46.' 16 16 15 15. 15. 15 15 14' 14'
+9 -15 23. 23 23 22 , 22. 2' 22 22 21' 21.
+S -16 215 .6* ' Z 2 6 238 6 236 5 243 .5 250 '5 257 5 2645 271 '4 278 . 4
+7 -17 13' 13 13 . 12 12. 12' 12 12 11' 11"
+6 -
-18
19
20.
216 '
20
3 223 3
20
330 3
19
237 2
19.
244 . 2
19'
258 2
19
2652
19 18' 18'
+5 251 2. 272 I* 279 1.
'$4 -20 10' 10 10 9 9. 9 9 9 '8 '
8
+3 -21 17' 17 17 16 16' 16 16 16 15. 15'
+a -22 217 0' 224 0 231 0 23 23' 23 23 23 2
'
. 22.
+1 -23 7" 1 . I 2386 2456'2526 2586 2666 273 6* 280 5'
-- - .. . -
246037-41-18
270 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
Constituent ZQ
--
. Hour d. A. d. h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h.
0 a80 1 2 287 12 294 12 301 11' 308 11' 315 11 322 11 329 10. 330 10' 843 10.
+?3 -1 19 19 19 18' 18' 18 18 17' 17' 17.
+22 -2 mi 2 2882 296 2 302 1* 309 1' 316 1 323 1 330 0. 337 0' 344 0'
+21 -3 9 9 9 8' 8' 8 8 7. 7. 7'
+m -4 16 18
23
18
!a
15.
23'
15'
22.
15
22
15
22
14'
23'
14'
21'
14'
21
+I9 -5 a3
-8 382 8 a886 288 6 303 5' 303 5. 317 5 324 5 331 4* 338 4* 345 4
-7 13 13 13 1.2' 12' 12 12 111 11. 11
-8 m m m 19' 19. 19 19 18. 18' 18
-10
-9 3833 290 3 297 3 304 2' 311 2. 318 2 325 2 332 1' 339 1' 346 1
10 10 10 9' 9' 9 9 8. 8. 8
-11 17 17 17 18' 18' 16 18 15' 15' 15
-12 2840 281 0 23' !a* 23' 23 23 22' w 22
-13 7 7 298 6. 305 6' 312 6. 319 8 328 6 333 5. 340 5' 347 5
-15
-14 14 14 13. 13' 13* 13 13 12* 12. 12
21 21 m* m* m* 20 20 19' 19* 19
-18 285 4 282 4 298 3* 308 3' 313 3* 3B.l 3 327 3 334 2. 341 2. 3s 2
- 17 11 11 10' 10. .lo* 10 10 9. 9. 9
-18 18 18 17' 17. 17 17 17 18' IS* 16
-19 288 1 2 9 3 1 300 o* 307 o* 314 o 321 n 328 0 23' 23' 23
-m 8 8 7' 7. 7 7 7 335 8' 342 6' 349 6
-21 15 15 14' 14. 14 14 14 13' 13* 13
-22 23 22 21' 21' 21 21 21 29' 20. 20
-23 287 5 2 9 4 5 301 4' 308 4' 315 4 322 4 329 4 338 3* 343 3' 350 3
-- -
-
--
Difference Constituent ZQ
--
1 Constitwnt Q
.- ~. -
Hour d. 5. d. h. d. h. d. h. 1. h. d. h. d. A . d. h. d. h. d. h.
350 10 357 10 364 9* . 1 0 105 19 13. 28 22' 38 7. 47 18 57 1
-1 17 17 16' 5' 14 23 298 18' 4a 1' 10.
-2 351 0 3580 23' 15 23. m 8' 17 392 11 19.
-3 7 7 306 0* 2 0 119 18 80 2. 11. m 685
-4 14 14 13' 9* 18. 21 3 12 21 49 5' 14'
-5 21 21 m* 19 12 3' 12' 21. 406 15 a0
-6 352 4 369 4 366 3. 3 4' 13 22 31 6' 15' 50 0. 9
-7 11 11 10' 13' 2' 23 7. 18 41 1 9' 18.
-8 18 18 17' 23 13 8 16' 32 1' 10' 19 804
-10
-9 353 1 3 8 0 1 387 '0' 4 8* 17 232 11 19' 51 4. 13
8 8 7' 17' 14 2. 11. m 42 5 14 22.
-11 15 14' 14' 5 3 12 20* 33 5' 14. 23 61 8
-
-1213 23 21' 21. 1.2' 21' 248 15 23. 52 8' 17'
354 6 381 4. 308 4' 23 15 8' 15' 34 0* 43 9 I8 62 2.
-14 12 11.
18'
11'
18.
8 7
18'
18
16 1'
251
10
9.
19
18.
44 4
63 3'
12*
12
21.
-15 19
-10 355 2 382 1' 389 1* 7 2 11 19' 35 4. 13 22 8 3 7
-17 9 8' . 8* 11' 20 285 13. 23. 54 7* 18
-18 16 15' 15. 20' 17 5* 14' 23 45 8 18. 04 1'
-19 23 aa* 22. 8 6 15 !a* 36 8. 17. 55 2 11
-3 366 6 383 5' 370 5. 15' 18 0 279 18 48 P 11' '
m
-21 13 12' 9 1 9' 18' 37 3 12 21 85 ,5*
-22 20 191 10 19 m 4 12' 21' 566 15
-!a 357 3 364 2' 19* 19 4' 13 .22 47 7 15' 66 '0.'
EARMONIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION O F TIDES 271
TABLE
31.-For construction of primary stencils-Continued
Oonstituent Q
81
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
.-17
-1s
-19
-m
-21
-22
--a3
-
Constituent Q
bT
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-16
-17
-16
-19
-18
-m
-21
-aa
-!u
-
272 U. S. COAST AND GEODE'MC S m V E Y
TABLE
31.-For construction of primary stencils-Continued
Difference
-
c d . h . d . h . d.h. d.h. d.h. d:h. d.h. d.h. d . h . d . h .
253 18 263 3 272 11. 281 30. 291 5 300 14 309 23 319 '7 328 16. 338 1*
-1 254 3 . 12 21 282 6 14' 23* 310 8 17 329 2 10'
-2 12* 21' 273 6' 15 292 0 301 9 17' 320 2* 11 20
-3 22 264 7. 15. 283 o* Q* 18 3ii 3 12 20' 339 5 .
-4 255 '7 16. 274 1 10 18' 302 3. 1.2. 21 330 6 15
-5 17 265 '1 10' 19' 293 4 13 21. 321 6* 15. 340 0
-6 250 2 11 d !2S4 4' 13. 22 312 7 16 331 0* 9*
-7 11' 20' 275 5 14 33 90s 7* 16. 322 1 10 19
-8 21 266 '5 14. 23. 294 8 17 313 2 10. 19' 341 4
257 6* 15 276 0 285 8' 17. 304 2* 11 20 332 5 13*
--11-910 15. 267 0.
258 1 10 18'
9' 18
'286 .3
295 3
12.
11'
21
20.
314 6
323 5'
14'
14 23
23' 342 8'
-13
-12 IO* 19 277 4 13 21' 305 6' 15. 324 0 333 9 17.
20 388 '4 13* 22 296 7 16 315 0' 9" 18. 343 3
--1514 258 5
14*
14
23'
23 287 .
278 8 17
7 16. 306 1
297 1* 10.
10 19 334 '3
19. 325 4 13
12.
22
-16 280 0 269 ' 8 17' 288 2* 11 20 316 4* 13. 22. 344 7
-17 9 18 279 3 11. 20. 307 5* 14 23 335 7. 16' '
-18
-19
-20
18. 270 .
261 4
13'
3
13
22 %O 7
*:
289
16
'i' 299 0*
14'
308 0
9
23.
317 9
lS
328 '8
17'
337 3
17 345 2
336 2*
12
11*
!a*
-21 22' 271 7* 16' 290 1 10 19. 318 .3 12' 21 346 6
-22 282 8 17 aSl I* 10. 19' a09 4 13 21' 337 6' 15*
-23 17. 272 2 11 20 300 4. 13' 22. 328 7 16 347 '0
-
-
Difference
I I I I I I
H r d . h. d . h. d . h. d . h. d . A. d . h. d . h. d . h. d . h. d. h.
( 347 10 356 19 368 . 3 1 0 10 15* 20 11 30 6. 40 2 49 21' 59 17
+23 -1 19. 357 '4 13 51 11 1 20. 16 12 507.603
+a2 -2 348 5 13' 22* 16' 11 21 '6 31 2 21' 17 la*
+21 -3 14 23 367 8 3 '1 21 16' 12 41 '7 61 8 22.
+m -4 23* 358 8. 17 11 12 '6 22 2 21. 17 12. 61 8.
+19 -5 349 9 18 388 '2 21 16' 12 32 7* 42 3 M* 18
.+IS -6 18. 359 3 12 3 '6 13 2* 22 17' 13 52 '8 62 4
4-17 -7 350 3* 12' 31. 16' 12 23 7. 33 3 22- 18 .13*
+I6 -8 13 22 369 6' 4 a* 22 17. 13 43 8. 53 4 23.
+15 -10
-9 22. 380 7 16 12 14 '7 24 3 22. 18. 14 63 9*
4-14 351 8 16* 370 1. 23 17. 13 34 8* 44 4 23* 19
+13 -11 17 361 2 _________ 5 8 15 3. 23 18. I4 549* 645
+13
+I1
-13 '352 122.
-12 11' _________
m* . _ _ _ - _
6_
17' 13
3*_ _ 23
25 8.
18.
35 4
14
23'
45 9*
19
65 5
15
65 0.
+lO -15
-14 21 362 6 _________
13
_________ 16 9 28 ' 4 36 0
9.
19.
46 5
15
66 0.
lo*
20
+9
+8 -16 353 160. 363 15.1 23
_________
7 9
18'
17 '4
14
27 0 19. 15 10. 66 6
+7 -17 354 .1 10 _________
18' 14 '9 37 '5 47 1 20' 16
+6 -18 10. 19. _________ 8 '4 18 0 19' 15 10. 67 6 67 .1
4-6 -19 m 364 5 . _ _ _ _ _14'_ _ _10 28 '5 38 1 20. 16 11'
+4
+3
-20
-21
355 '5
15
14' . _ ______
_
23' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9 0
10
19'
19 .5
15
29 1
10'
20.
48 6
16
58 2
11.
21.
68 7
+2 -22 356 0 365 9 _________ 19' 15* 11 39 6. 49 2 21. 17
+1 -23 9. 18* _________ 10 '5 201 20' 16 11* 697 692.
--
HARMONIC AWALSSIS Ahr) PREDICTION OF TIDES 273
Table 31.-For construction of primary stencils-Continued
Dieerence
d.h. $h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h.
0 69 12. r9 8 89 3. 88 23 108 18. 118 14 128 9. 138 5 148 1 157 20'
+23 -1 22' 18 13' !B 9 109 '4 119 0 19' 16 10' 158 6
+aa -2 70 8 80 '3 23 l8' 14' 10 129 6. 139 1 a0' 16
+a1 -3 18 1'31 90 9 100 '4 110 0 19' 15 10. 149 6 169 '1
+!a -4 71 4 23* 19 14' 10 120 '5 130 1 20. 16
150' 2
11'
21.
+19 -5 13' 81 9 91 4' 101 0 19' 15 11 140 6'
+lS -6 23' 19 14' 10 111 '5 121 1 20' 16 11' 180 7
+17 -7 72 9 82 5 92 0. a0 15' 11 131 '6 141 2 21' 17
+16 -8 19 14. 10 102 '5 112 1 20' 16 11. 151 '7 161 3
+I5 -9 73 5 83 ' 0 20 15' 11 12.2 6' 132 2 21' 17 12'
+I4 -10 14. 10 93 '5 103 '1 21 16. 12 142 '7 152 3 22'
4-13 -11 74 0. 20 15* 11 113 ' 6 123 2 21. 17 12' 162 8
+la -12 10' 84 6 94 '1 21 le* 133 '7 143 3 22. 18
4-11 -13 20 15' 11 104 '6 114 2 *;; 17' 13 153 8' 163 4
+10 -14 75 0 86 '1 21 16' 12 124 '7 134 3 22' 18 13'
+9 -15 15' 11' 95 7 105 '2 22 17' 13 144 8. 154 4 23'
+8 -16 76 .1 21 16' 12 115 7" 125 3 22. 18 14 164 9.
4-7 -17 11' 86 7 96 '2 22 17' 13 135 8' 145 4 23' 19
4-6 -18 21 16' 12 106 8 116 '3 23 18' 14 155 9. 165 5
$5 -19 77 7 87 2. 22 17* 13 128 '8 136 4 23' 19 14.
+4 -20 17 12. 97 8 107 '3 23 l
8' 14 146 9' 156 6 166 0.
+3 -21 78 2* 22 17' 13 117 8' 127 4" 137 0 19' 15 10'
+a -22 12' 88 8 88 '3 23 18' 14 9. 147 5 157 0* 20
+1 -23 22 18 13' 108 9 118 . 4 128 0 19' 15 10. 167 6
-
H ir d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h.
167 18 177 11. 187 7 197 2' 206 22 '216 17' 228 13 236 8. 246 4 255 23'
+23 -1 188 1. 21 16' 12 207 '7 217 3
. 23 18' 14 256 9.
+22 -2 11. 178 7 188 2. 22 17' 13 227 8' 237 4 23' 19
+a1 -3 21 17 12. 198 8 208 . 3 23 18. 14 247 9. 257 5
+a0 -4 169 7 179 2 . 22 17' 13 218 '
8 228 4 238 0 19. 15
+I9 -5 17 12. 189 8 199 '3 23 18. 14 '9 268 5 258 0.
+18 -6 170 2. 22 17' 13' 208 9 219 '4 229 0 19. 15 10'
4-17 -7 12' 180 8 190 '3 23 18' 14 9' 239 5 249 '0 20
+I6 -8 !a* 18 13' a00 9 210 4. 220 0 19. 15 10' 259 6
.+15 -9 171 8 181 3* 23 18' 14 10 230 '5 240 1 20' 16
4-14 -10 18 13' 191 9 201 4. 211 0 19' 15 10. a50 6 260 '1
+I3 -11 172 4 23' . 19 14. 10 221 5' 231 1 20' 16 11.
+I2 -12 13' 182 9 192 4. 202 0 19' 15 10' 2441 6. 251 2 21.
+11 -13 23' 19 14' 10 212 '5 222 1 20. 16 11' 261 7
+10 -14 173 9 183 '4 193 0' 20 15' 11 232 6' 242 2 21' 17
-15 203 '5 213 1 20' 16 11' 252 7 %2 3
+9
+8
+7
16
17
-- 19
14.
14.
174 5 1@4 Os
10
10
20
194 '5
15'
!204 1
11
20'
223 6.
16'
233 2
12
21'
243 '
7
17
263 3
12'
22'
+6 -18 175 0* 20 15. 11 214 '6 224 2 21" 17 12'263 8
+5 -19 10' 185 6 195 '1 21 16' 12 ,234 7. 244 3 '22' 18
+4 -20 20 15' 11 205 6' 215 2 21. 17 13 254 8. 284 4
-21 176 d 186 '1 21 16' 12 225 '7 236 3 22. l8 13.
-aa 15' 11 206 2' 22 17' 13 246 ' 8 255 4 23'
-23 177 1' 21 196 li* 12 216 .7 2% 3 22' 18 13' 265 ' 9
-
274 U. 8. C o r n AND GEODETTC SURVEY
Difterence Constituent P
r
+s -1
4-22 -2
+21 -3
+20 -4
+1Q -5
+I8 -6
4-17 -7
+16 -8
4-15 -9
+14 -10
4-13, -11
+12 -12
+n -13
+IO -14
+9 -15
+8 -16
+7 -17
4-6 -18
+5 -19
+4 -20
+3 -21
+a -22
+1 --I
--
Difference P I
Constituent 0
Ql
Hour
+23- -1
3
-4
+19 -5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
+13 -11
+12 -ia
+ll -13
4-10-14
+9 -15
4-8 -18
4-7 -17
+6 -
-1819
+5
+4 -2c
+3 -21
+a -a1
+1 -a3
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF TlDES 275
Table 31.-For construction of primary stencils-Continued
DBerence Constltuent 0
Hour
0
E / -3-1
+23
+!a -2
-4
4-19 -6
+I8 -6
+17 -7
4-18 -8
4-15 -9
4-14 -10
+13 -11
+la -ia
4-11 -13
4-10 -14
4-9 -15
4-8 -16
4-7 -17
+6 -18
+5 -19
+4 -20
+3 -21
+2 -22
+1 -23
276 U. S. C o r n AND GEODE!MC S"RVEY
Di5erence Constituent2N
0
+23 -1
+32 -2
+21 -3
+m -4
+19 -5
+lS -6
4-17 -7
+lG -8
4-15 -9
+14 -10
+13 -11
+l? -12
4-11 -13
4-10 -14
4-9 -15
+S -16
+7 -17
+B -18
+5 -19
+4 -m
+a -21
+2 -a2
+1 -23
Constituent 2N
0
$2 r-a:
+21
+m -4
+19 -5
+lS -6
+17 -7
+1G -8
+15 -9
+14 -10
4-13 -11
+is -ia
+11 -13
+10 -14
+9 -15
+8 -16
+7 -17
4-6 -18
+5 -19
+4 -3
+3 -21
+2 -z
+1 -72
H.4RMONIC AWALPSIS ANI) PREDICMON OF TlDES 277
Table 31.-For construction of primary stencils-continued
d.b. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.b. d.h. d.b. d.h. d.h.
0 114 8 328 14 342 20 357 2 1 0 15 11. 30 6 45 0. 59 19 74 13
+23 -1 22 3 9 4 343 10. 16. 8 16 2' 21 15 Bo 9' 75 4
+22 -2 115 la* lS* 344 0' 358 6. 23 17. 31 11* 46 6 61 0' 18*
+21 -3 116 '2 330 8. 15 21 2 13' 17 8 32 2' 21 15 76 9.
3 '4 23 17 47 11. 62 6 77 0.
g; 1;
17
117 7
23 345 5
331 13 19.
359 11
360 1* . 19 18 13' 33 8 48 2. 20' 15
+lS -6 21. 331 3. 346 9' 15' 4 10 19 4 . 2' 17 63 11' 78 6
+17 -7 118 11' 17. 347 0 361 6 5 ' 0 19 34 13' 49 8 64 2 20'
+la -8 119 2 333 8 14 20 15. 20 10 35 4 22. 17 79 11.
E
+13 -11
16 22
120 6. 334 12.
20. 335 2'
348 4.
18.
349 9
362 10'
363 0.
15
6 6.
21
7 12
21 '0
15'
22 6
19
36 10
37 0'
50 13'
51 4
19
65 '7
22'
80 2'
17
66 13* 81 '7
t d.h. d.h. d.b. d.h. d.h. d.b. d.b. d.h. d.b. d.b.
89 '7 104 2 118 20. 133 14' 188 9 163 3* 177 22 192 16 207 10. 222 5
-1 22' 16. 119 11 134 . 5 149 0 18 178 12' 193 7 208 '
1 19-
-2 90 13 105 7. 120 2 20 14. 164 9 179 '3 21' 16 a23 10'
-3 91 4 22 16' 135 11 150 '5 !23' 18 194 12' 208 7 1
-4 18' 106 13 121 ' 7 136 .1 20 166 14* 180 9 195 3 21' 16
-5 9.7, 9' 107 4 23 16. 151 11 166 6 23. 18 210 12' 225 6.
-6 93 0 18' 122 13 137 '7 152 '1 20 181 14' 186 8* 211 3 21'
-7 15 108 9* la3 '3 22 16. 167 11 182 5 23' 18 226 12
-8 94 '5 109 0 18. 138 13 153 7 168 1* 20 197 14* 212 8. 227 3
-10
-9 20' 15 124 9 139 3* 22 16* 183 10' 1W 5 23' 18
95 11 110 '5 135 0 18' 154 12' 169 7 184 '1 20 213 14 2B 8'
-11 96 2 a0* 14. 140 9 165 . 3 22 16 198 10' 214 5 23.
-13
-12 17 111 11 128 . 5 141 0 18 170 12' 185 7 100 '1 19. 228 14
97 7' 112 2 20. 14* 156 9 171 '3 21* 16 215 10' 230 5
-14 22. 16. 127 11 143 '5 157 0 18 186 12' 201 7 216 1 19'
-15 98 13 113 7. 128 2 20 14' 372 9 187 8 21' 16 231 10'
-16 994 22 16. 143 11 158 . 5 23' 18 203 12' 217 7 232 1
-17 18. 114 13 laS '7 144 '1 20 173 14' 188 9 203 3 21' 16
-18 LOO 9* 115 3 . 22 16' 159 11 174 5 23'
189 14. 2M 8.
18 218 12. 233 6'
219 3 21'
-19 101 0 18. 130 18 145 7 180 . 1 #)
-30 15 116 9 131 '3 22 16. 175 10' 190 5 23. 18 234 12
-21 102 ' 5 117 0 18' 146 12' 161 7 176 '1 20 #)514 220 8* 235 3
,2a 30' 15 132 9' 147 .3 22 16 191 10' 306 5 . 23* 17.
-23 103 11 llS '5 133 0 18' 182 12' 177 7 192 .1 19' 221 14 2wI 8.
-
278 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
Ditierence Constituentcc
How .
0
+a3 -1
+n -2
+a1 -3
+a0 -4
+IS -5
+IS -6
+I7 -7
+16 -8
ti:
+13
-7:
-11
+l2 -13
+11 -13
+10 -14
+S -15
-1-8 -16
$7 -17
g+4 z;:
-m
+3 -31
+a -22
'+1 -23
Dffferenca
r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
-17
--2019
-18
-21
-24
--a3
HARMONIC AN'ALYSIS ANI) PRXDICTION OF TlDES 279
Table 31.-For construction of primary stencils-Continued
Constituent N
0
+!a -1
+2a -3
+31 -3
+20 -4
+19 -5
+18 -6
$; 1
+15
;
-9
+14 -10
+13 -11
+12 -12
+11 -13
+10 -14
+9 -15
+8 -16
+7 -17
+6 -l8
+5 -19
+4 -20
+3 -21
+a -22
+1 -%
Constituent I
ir
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13
-14
-15
-16
-17
-18
-19
-m
-21
-22
-23
-
280 TJ. S. OAST AND GEO?ETIC S'LTRVEP
Difference Constituent Y
I I
ur d. h. d. h. d. h. d. h. d. h. d. h. d. h. d. h. d. h.
202 7' 222 119 242 15. 262 19' 282 23' 3033 323 7' 343 11*
363 16
+23 -1 203 3' an 7' 243 11' 263 15' 283 19. 23 324 4 344 8364 12
+n -2 23' 224 3' 244 7. 264 12 284 16 30430 325 0 345 4366 8
+a1 -3 mi20 225 0 245 4 265 8 285 13 305 16 20 346 0366 4'
+m -4 205 16 a0 2460 2884 2868 300 13' 328 16' 20. 867 0'
+I9 -5 208 12 226 16 20 287 0' 287 4' 307 8' 327 12. 347 16' 20'
+IS -6 207 8s a?7 12' 247 16. 20* 288 0' 308 4* 328 8' 348 12. 388 17
+I7 -7 #)s 4. 228 8. -24s 12. 268 16* 20' 309 1 829 5 349 9 369 13
m 350 5 370 9
4-16
+I5
4-14
-8
--910 0'
21
210 17
229 4'
2301
21
240 8'
2505
251 1
269 13
370 9
271 5
289 17
290 13
291 9
21
310 17
311 13'
330 1
21
331 17'
351 1
21'
_________
__ - __ - - _-
+13 -11 211 13 231 17 21' 272 1' 292 5' 312 8' 332 13' 352 17. _________
+12 -13
-12 212 9* 332 13' 253 17* 21' 293 1' 313 5* 333 9'
213 5' 233 9' 253 13* 273 17' 21' 314 2 334 6
+11
+lo
+9
--1514 214 1'
22
234 5'
235 2
254 10
255 6
274
275
14
10
294 18
295 14
22
315 18
335 2
a?
+s -16 215 18 n 256 2 276 6 296 10 316 14' 336 18'
+7 -17 216 14 236 18 22. a77 2* 297 s' 317 10' 337 14'
+6
+5
--1819 217 10'
218 6'
237 14'
238 10'
257 18'
258 l4*
23'
278 IS*
208 3'
2P
318 6'
319 3
338 10'
339 7
+4 -21
-20 219 2. 239 6' 259 11 279 15 289 19 23 340 3
+3 23 2403 260 7 280 11 300 15 320 19 ?a
+2 ' -22 220 19 23 281 3 281 7 301 11 321 15' 341 19'
+1 -23 221 15 241 19 23. 282 3 302 7' 332 11' 342 15'
I
Constituent 2 M K
I I I
Constituent 2MK
I I
-[ C o n s t i y MN
H tr I. h. d . h. d . h. d. h. d. h. d. h. d. d. b. d. h.
I17 16 239 9 281 2 282 19 304 12 3 2 6 5 347 1 0 2320
+a -1 98 14 ZA4l 7 282 0 283 17 305 10 3 2 7 3 34s 12. 24 19.
+a -2
-3
!19 11' 241 4.
Lao0 2423
31'
288 19'
284 14'
285 12.
308 '7 3% 0'
307 6* 23.
349
350
2 11 25 18'
3 11 26 18
+21
+20 -4 D17 2430 2&4 17 286 10 3 0 8 3 329 20 3i5l 4 10' 27 17
+19 -6 !22 '4 21' 265 14' 287 . 7 309 0' 330 17' 353 5 8' 2' 8 16'
+IS -6 !23 '2 244 19' 266 12' 288 '5 2' 331 15' 353 6 9 316
+17 -7 E240 24517 267 10 289 3 310 20 332 13 354 7 8 3015
4-16 -8 22 24615 268 8 290 1 311 18 333 11 355 8 '7 31 14'
4-15 -9 !!xi 1U' 247 12' 289 '5 22' 312 15' 324 8' 356 9 6. 32 13'
+14 -10 M 17 248 10 270 3 291 a0 313 13' 335 6* 10 6 33 13
+I3 -11 a7 15 249 8 271 1 292 18 314 11 336 4 35i 11 '5 34 12.
+l2 -12 rm 12. 260 '5 2' 293 15' 315 8' 337 '1
23'
358 12 4. 35 11.
+I1 -13 Ell 10. 351 '3 272 20' 294 13' 316 6* 359 13 4 36 11
+10 -
+9 -15
14 BO 8 252 1
Bl '5 2'
273 18
274 16
295 11
296 J'
317
318
4 338 21
2 339 19
360
361
14 3
15 a*
37 10
38 9 .
3-8 -16 a63 20'
!32 '3 275 13' 297 n* 23. 340 16' 362 16 2 89 8*
+7 -17 B3125418 276 11 a8s 4 319 21 341 14 363 171 408
-!4 -18 23 255 16 277 9 289 2 320 19 343 12 364 18 0' 41 '7
B4 20' 2% 13' 278 '6 23. 321 16. 343 '9 366 !23'
E
+3
-19
-20
-21
!35 18'
El616
257 11'
368 9
279 4'
280 2
300 21'
30119
323 14'
32312
344 '7
346 5
366 19 23
2022
42 6'
43 6
445
+3 -a 07 13' 259 6' 23' 30.2 16. 324 10 W 3 367 21 21' 46 49
+1 -23 B8 11' !XI ' 4 281 21. 8w 14' 325 '7 347 0'1 368 2321 46 4
--
H r d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h. d.h.
47 3 itl 10 93 17 117 0 140 7 163 14 186 21 210 4 238 11 256 18
+a3 -1 48 2. 71 '9 94 16' 33 141 6 164 13 187 20 Zll 3 234 10 257 17
+a -2
-3
49 '1
50 1
72 '8
73 8
95 16'
96 15
118 23'
119 23
142 6*
143 5
165 12.
166 12
188 19.
189 lS*
212 2'
213 '1
235 '
236 '
9
8
258 16'
259 15'
+a1
+m -4 51 o 74 7 97 14 120 21 1u 4 in7 11 im is 214 1 237 8 280 15
+I9 -5 23' 75 '6 88 13. 121 #1' 146 a* 168 10' 191 17' 215 '0 238 '7 281 14
+ls -6 52 23 76 6 N 12' 122 l9* 146 2. 168 '
9 192 16' a3' 239 '6 262 13'
+17 -7 53 22 77 6 100 13 123 19 147 2 170 9 193 16 216 23 H I 6 26313
4-18 -8 54 31' 78 '4 101 11' 124 18. 148 1 171 8 194 15 217 Z 241 5 26413
-9 55 20' 79 '3 102 101 125 17' 149 '0 172 '7 195 14' 218 21' 242 '4 265 11.
+15
4-14 -10
4-19 -11
5620
57 19
80
81 2
3 1 W 1 0 laB17
104 9 127 16
150 0
23
173
174 6
7 19614
197 13
21920*
230 a0
243 '
244 3
3 286 10'
287 10
+12 -ia 58 18" 83 '1 105 8. 128 15. 161 2' 175 '5 188 12' 221 19* 245 '3 a68 9'
+11 -13 59 18 83 1 106 129 14' 153 21' 176 '4 199 11' 332 18. 246 '1 269 8.
+10 -14 60 17 84 0 107 1XI 14 laS 21 177 4 200 11 223 18 2471 2 7 0 8
'
+9 -16
--
18
61 16'
62 15'
23'
86 2'
108
109 '5
h' 131 13.
132 12'
154 20'
155 19.
178
179
3
2'
a01 10
a02 9'
324 17
225 16.
2480 2717
23' 373 6'
+8
+7 17 63 15 86 22 110 5 133 12 156 19 180 2 a03 9 236 16 24923' 273 '5
-!4 -la 64 14' 87 ai iii 4 134 11 157 18 181 1 'ill4 8 227 15 zkl22 274 5
+S -19 66 13" 88 'm 112 '3 135 10' 168 17' 1Sa 0' 205 ' 7 228 14' 251 Zl* 276 '4
+4 -m 66 13 89 20 113 3 136 10 159 16' 23' 300 6' 229 13' 252 20' 276 '3'
+3 -21 67 12 90 19 114 2 137 9 160 16 183 23 2Q7 6 230 13 25320 277 a
+2 --a2 88 11' 91 18. 115 '1 138 8' 161 15' 181 22' ' aoS '5 231 12 W l 9 278 2
+1 -a 69 10' 2
' 2 17 116 '
0 139 .7 162 14' 185 21" 'X9 '4 232 11' 2.6618. 279 1'
-
282 U. S. COA.Yl?,AND GEODET'IC SWRVEY
kT
I
Constituent MN
d . h . d . h .
281)0. 303 7
.
,
d.h.
3% 14'
I
d.h.
349 21.
I. d.h.
1 0
d.1.
29 23*
Constituent M
6.h.
59 11.
d.h.
89 0
d . h .
118 13
d . h .
148 '1
-1 aSl 0 304 7 32714 35021 15' 31 4 60 17 90 '5 119 18. 149 7
-3 2?' 305 6' 338 13' 351 30 2 21 32 10 61 23. 91 11 121 0 150 12'
-3 252 39. 306 5
' 339 13' 352 19' 4 3. 33 15' 63 4 93 17 123 '5 161 18.
-4 28339 307 5 330 12 353 19 5 8 34 21 64 9* 93 22. 123 11 153 0
-6 a84 21 308 4 331 11 354 18 6 13' 36 2' 65 15 95 4 124 16' 154 6'
-6 385 30. 309 '3 332 10' 355 17* 7 19 37 8 66 #)* 96 9
' 125 22 155'11
-7 256 20 310 2' 333 ' 9 356 16' 9 0' 38 13' 65 P 97 15 327 3' 156 16'
-8 337 19 311 2 334 9 357 16 10 6 39 19 69 7. 98 #)' 128 9 157 22
--910 388 18'
289.17.
312
313
1* 335 8.
0. 336 7*
31-15.
359 14'
11 13
12 17'
41 0'
43 6
70 13
71 19
100 3
101 '7
129 14*
130 20
159 3'
160 9
-11 290 17 314 0 337 7 360 14 13 a3 43 11' 73 0' 102 13 132 2 151 14.
-13 291 10 23 338 8 361 13 15 '4 44 17 74 6 103 18' 133 7. 162 XI
--3 292 15' 315 23'
316 22
339
840
'5
5
382 13'
363 11'
16 10
17 15'
45 22*
47 4
75 11'
76 17
la5 0
106 5*
134 13
135 18'
164 .
165 7
1
-14 493 15 107 11 137 0 166 12'
-16
-15 294 14 317 21 341 4 364 11 18 21 48 9' 77 23*
395 13. 318 20' 342 3' 365 10. 20 2' 49 15 79 4 108 16. 138 ' 5 167 18
-17 296 12' 319 19. 343 2' 366 9* 21 . 8 50 20' 80 9' 108 22 139 11 *l65 23.
-18 29712 330 19 344 2 367 9 23 13. .52 2. 81 15 111 3 . 140 16. 170 5
-19 298 11' 321 18 345 1 388 8 23 19
2.5 0*
53 8
54 13'
82 20.
84 2
112 '9
113 15
141 22
143 3 .
171 10'
172 16'
-a 399 10' 323 17'
333 17
346
347
O*
0
369
370
7*
7 26 6 55 19 85 . 7 114 30' 144 9 173 22
-21 300 10
-23 301 9 334 16 23 _________ 27 11' 57 0' 86 13 116 3 145 14. 175 '3
-23 302 ' 8 325 15' 348 23' _________ 38 17 58 6 87 18' 117 '7 146 a0 !76 9
- I I I I I I I I
.Difference
r d . h. d. h. d . h. d . h. d . h. d . h.
177 14' 207 6 35419 1 0 46 1'5 92 9.
-1 178 20 208 11' 356 0' 2 0 4s 3. 04 7*
-2 180 '1 308 17 a57 6 3 22
-3 181 7 210 23. 358 11. 520
-4 182 13' 212 4 359 17 7 18.
-5 183 18 213 9* 360 32. 9 16.
-6 12' 244 1 373 14 303 3. 332 15 362 4 11 14' 57 18. 103 ?3*
-7 18 246 6. 274 19. 304 8 333 21 363 9* 13 13 59 16' 105 20*
-a 23* 246 12 276 1 305 13' 335 2' 364 15 15 11 61 15 in7 is*
--ll10 5
10'
a47 17'
!as a3
277 6'
278 12
306 19
308 0'
336 8
337 13'
36520'
367 2
17 9
19 7.
63 13
65 11
109 17
111 15
-11 16 250 4
' 279 17' 309 6 338 19 36s 7. 21 5 . 67 9' 113 13
r d . h. d . h. d . 1. d. h. d. h. d. h. d. h.
220 7* 275 io* 330 13 1 0 5820 117 22 176 23'
-1 m 16 277 17. 332 m 26' 61 7' 120 9 179 10'
-2 22422 380 0. 335 3 4 17' 63 19 122 20' 181 21'
-3 227 5 282 7* 337 10 7 4' 866 125 7' 1% 9
-4 229 12 284 14. 339 17. 9 15' 68 17 127 18' ise m
-5 231 19 2889 342 ' 0 12 2 71 4 130 5' 189 7
-6 234 2. 288 5 344 7. 14 13 73 15 132 16' 191 18 250 19. 309 ?l 368 22.
-7 236 9. 291 12 346 14. 17 0 76 2 136 3' 194 5 253 6' 312 8 371 9.
-8
-9
238 16. 293.19
240 23' 296 '2
348 22
351 5
19 11'
21 23
78 13
81 0
137 14'
140 1'
196 16
199 3
a55 17.
258 . 4
314 19
317 6
________
________
-10
-11
243 7 298 9.
345 14 300 16.
353 12
355 19
?A 10
20 21
83 11'
85 12'
142 13
146 0
201 14
204 1'
260 15'
263 3
319 17
322 4
________
________ '
-21 268 13
no D
323 15f 51 11' 110 13 169 14' 228 16
285 6.
287 17.
344 8
346 19 ________
_____---
-2a
-23
-
325 53 32' 113 0
56 9 115 11
17a 1'
174 12
231 3
233 14
290 4.
aSa 15.
349 6
351 17 ________
284 U. S. COAYT A N D GEODETIC SURVEY
Difference '
?I d. h. d. h. d . h. d. h. d . h. d. h. d. h. d . h. d . A.
1 0 63 8 im 23 190 14 254 5 317 20 1 0 358 I6 1 0
193 5' 256 20' 320 11. 8 15. 373 21 16 6
+23
+a2
-1
-2
2 8.
5 0
65 23*
68 15
129 14*
132 6 195 21 259 12 323 3 23 20. _________
_________ 46 16.
77' 3
+a1
+m
-3
-4
7 16
10 7*
71 7
73 22.
134 M
137 13'
198 12'
201 4'
262 3'
284 19.
287 11
325 IS*
328 10*
3a1 2
39 2
54 7
69 12'
_________ 107 13.
- _ _ _ _ _ _ -138
_ 0
+lo -5 12 23 76 14 140 5 m30
+7 -17 44 18.
4-6 -la
-19 47 10 111 1 174 1G a38 7 30122 36513
4-6 50 2 113 17 177 7. 240 22' 304 13. 368 4*
-m 52 17. 116 8. 179 23. 243 14. 307 5. 370 30*
+4
+3 -21 55 9 119 0 182 15 246 6 309 21 ____-----
+2 -!a 58 0* 121 15. 185 6' 248 31. 112 la* ___..__--
+1 -23 60 16. 124 7* 187 22 251 13 315 4 _______--
.--
I I I I
Differena,
d. h. d. h. d. h . d. h. d. h. d. h. d. h.
. ' 1 L? d. h. d . h.
1 0
d. h.
358 16 1 0 29 22. 59 11. 89 0 118 13 148 1* 177 14'
1 0 119 18. 149 7 178 a0
-23 16 6 8 15. 373 21 15* 31 4 Iw) 17 90 5.
+1
+2 -2a 46 16. 23
39 2
20* _________
---------
2 21
4 2'
32
33
10
15'
61 23.
63 4
91
92
11
17
131 0
122 5.
150
151
12'
18
180 1*
181 7
+3 -21 77 3 182 12'
+4 -
-20
19 107 13. 54 7
68 12.
--___----
---------
5 8
6 13'
34
36
21
2*
64 9*
65 15
93
95
2P
4
123 11
124 16'
153
154
0
5* 183 18
+5 138 0
+fJ - 18 168 10' 84 17.
1% 21 99 23 ---------
_________
7 19
9 o*
37 8
38 13'
66 20.
68 2
96 9'
97 15
125 22
127 3*
155 11
156 16.
184 23*
186 5
+7 -16
-17
2 3 7. 115 4 ____-____
10 6 39 19 68 7' 98 20' 128 9 157 23 187 10.
+8
+e -15
-14
1 9 18 130 9*
290 4. 145 14.
_________
11 12 41 0*
_________
12 17. 42 6
70
71
13
19
100 2
101 7*
1 9 14*
130 20
159 3'
160 9
188 I6
189 21'
+lo
+I1 - 13 320 15 160 20 . _ _ _ _13_23_ _43
_11. 73 0. 102 13 132 2 161 14' 191 3
13 -11 223 3 252 16 382 4' 311 17 341 6 370 18. 14 9 400 65 15 ' 91 6
+14 - 10 224 8' 253 21. 283
W 3 a84
10
15.
312
314
23
4*
342
343
1 1 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _15
17 _________ 16
10'
l2*
41 1.
42 3
66
67
16.'
18
92
93
7'
9
-9 222 14
+16
+I5
+I7
-8
-7
228
228
1P
1
356 8' . 285
257 14 287
21
2'
315
316
10
15.
344
346
2 2 * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _17
4 _________ _
18
14
15'
43 5
44 6'
68 19.
69 21.
94
95
10.
12.
++1Q18 -6
-5
229 6'
230 12
258 19.
260 1
288 8
289 13.
317
319
21
2'
347 9' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
348 15 _________
19 17
20 18'
45
46
8
9*
70 23
72 0*
96 14
97 15'
+20 -4 3 1 17. 261 6' 290 19 320 8 349 ? o ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _21 a* 47 11' 73 2 88 17
9 2 0* 321 13' 351 2 _________ 22 22 48 13 74 I 69 18'
352 7. _________
+21 -3 232 23' 262 12
-2 234 5 263 17* 293 6* 322 19 23 23' 49 14' 75 5. 1M) 20*
+22
+23 -1 235 101 264 23 294 12 324 0' 353 13* _________ 251 50 16 76 7 101 2a
--
DiEerence Constituent J
I I I I
. H r d . h. d. h. d. h. d. h. d. h.
102 23. 128 l4* 154 5' 179 20* 205 11'
+1 --23
22
104 1
105 3
129 16
130 18
155 7
158 8.
180 22
181 23'
206 13
207 i4*
+2
+3 -21 106 4. 131 1 P 157 10' 183 1
184 3
208 16
209 18
+4 -20 107 6 132 21 155 12
+5 -19 108 7* 133 22' 159 13* 185 4' 210 19.
+6 -18 108 9' 135 0' 160 15 186 6 211 21 237 12 263 3 288 18 314 8* 339 2
3
'
+7 -17 110 11 136 2 161 17 1S7 7. 212 27,' 238 13' 264 4' 289 19' 315 10' 341 1
+8 -16 111 12. 137 3. 162 18. 188 9* 214 0* 239 15 285 6 290 21 316 12 342 3
+Q - 15 112 14 135 5 163 m IS9 11 215 2 240 17 266 7' 291 2' 317 13. 343 a*
. .+in - 14 113 16 139 6" 161 219 180 13. 216 3' 241 18. 267 9. 293 0* 318 15 344 6
+I1 - 13 114 17' 140 8' 165 23' 181 14 217 5 242 20 268 11 294 2 319 17 345 7.
+12 -12 115 19 141 10 167 1 192 16 218 6' 243 31* 269 12' 295 3' 320 18. 346 9.
4-13 -11 116 30. 142 11' 168 r 193 17' 219 8. 244 23' 270 14 296 5 321 20 347 11
+I4 - 10 117 22* 143 13 169
170
4
6
194 19
195 20'
220 IO
221 11'
246
247
1
2.
271 16
272171
297 6.
298 8*
333 21'
323 23'
348
349
1P
14
+I5 -9 119 0 144 15
4-18 -8 120 1. 145 16' 171 7. 196 3P 222 13 348 4 27319 29910 325 1 350 16
+17 -7 121 3 146 18 1.72 9 198 0 223 15 249 6 274 20. 300 11. 3% 2* 351 17.
+18 -6 122 5 147 19. 173 10. 199 1. 224 16. 250 7' 275 22' 301 13 327 4 352 19
+I9 -5 123 6' 148 21. 174 12'. 200 3 225 IS 251 9 277 0 302 16 338 6 353 20'
+20 -4 124 8 149 23 li5 14 201 5 226 19' 252 10' 278 1. 303 16*. 329 7' 354 22.
+21 -3 125 9* 151 0' 176 15. 202 6' 227 91. 253 12' 279 '3 304 18 330 9 356 0
+22 -2 128 11. 152 2 177 17 203 8 228 23 254 14 !BO 5 305 19' 331 10' 357 1'
+23 -1 127 13 153 4 178 18. 204 9. 230 255 15' 281 6' 306 21. 332 12' 358 3
--
24603741---19
286 U. S. CX
m
I AND. GEODETIC SURVEY
:on. I constituent 00
0 .
$+3: zg
-21
+4 --a0
+5 -19
4-6 -18
+7 -17
+8 -10
+9 -15
+10 -14
+I1 -13
+12 -12
+13 -11
+14 -10
+15 -9
+16 -8
4-17 -7
+18 -6
+l9 -5
i-20 -4
-
+21 -3
+22 -2
+x( -1
Constituent 00
0
+1 -23
+a -22
+a -%
+4 -2(
+5 -1%
+e -11
+7 -11
+8 -11
+9 -I!
+10 -14
+11 --If
+12 -1%
+I3 -11
+14 -1t
+15 -1
2
4-18 -1
+19 -1
+20 -4
+a1 -!
+2a -;
+a3 -:
HARMONIC ANALYSIS ABD PREDIGTION OF m E S , 287
Table 31.-For construction of primary stencils-Continued
.... Constituent 00
. Hour
0
4-6 -18
+i -17
+I? -18
+9 -15
+lo -14
+11 -13
+l2 --I?
+13 -11
+14 -10
4-15 -9
4-18 -8
+17 -7
+18 -8
+lS -5
+-a -4
+21 -3
+23 -3
+a3 -1
288 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SWRVEY '
29
58
--
59
87
87
105
-
105
-134
133
163
-
163
192
-
191
221
250 279 297 326 355 369
- - - - - - -
221 350 279 297 326 ,355 369
20 59 87 100 134 164 192 29 251 279 297 326 355 ,369
29 58 87 108 134 163 192 221 250 280 298 3% 35R 370
30 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 2.50 279 298 326 356 370
30 58 88 100 135 164 192 222 250 279 297 326 355 370
29 58 88 106 134 164 192 222 250 280 388 327 355 369
29 57 86 105 133 163 191 ??I 249 279 297 325 355 368
30 59 88 106 135 164 193 222 250 279 288 326 358 369
30 58 88 105 135 164 193 222 ?51 280 298 327 357 .370
29 57 87 104 133 163 191 221 250 a79 296 326 355 3115
30 58 87 in5 134 164 192 221 249 279 29F 328 354 368
29
20
58
58
87
87
105
104
134
134
163
163
192
192
222
221
250 280 m
-! 326 355 .?e
250 279 297 326 355 369
20 58 88 105 135 103 192 220 250 279 296 326 354 368
29 58 88 105 134 163 193 221 250 280 297 327 355 370
28 58 86 105 134 103 192 221 250 279 297 327 355 369
28 58 88 104 134 162 191 224 249 278 296 325 353 387
28 57 86 104 134 162 192 920 250 278 297 326 355 369
29 58 87 105 134 162 192 220 250 278 296 326 356 369
29 58 87 105 115 163 192 221 a50 279 297 328 354 369
as 58 86 106 134 163 192 221 a50 279 297 327 355 369
28 58 80 104 132 162 191 219 249 277 296 324 364 368
29 58 87 105 134 163 193 221 251 279 aM 325 355 369
20 68 87 106 134 163 193 221 251 279 298 355 370
- - - ----- - - - .-
a26
-
M.
- - -
- -CONSTITUENT
- - - -- - - - -
- -
- -
Series I 15 29
- 58
- -
87 134 163 192 221 250
---- 279
-
297
- 326
-
356 369
- -
15 29 59 87 135 164 194 aaa 280 279 297 325 3% 369
15 29 57 87 184 163 192 221 a50 279 296 ,326 354 369
16
16
28
29
58
59
86 134 162 192 221 aw 279 296 325 364 369
88 135 166 193 2229 261 a81 299 328 357 371
16 30 .58 87 136 164 193 2aa 251 280 297 326 356 370
15 28 57 86 134 163 192 221 250 278 '2% 325 354 368
16 2g 58 87 108 134 163 I92 223 250 2% a07 328 365 369
lfi 29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 296 326 3% 369
16 29 59 87 106 135 164 193 221 2Sl 280 298 326 355 370
16 29 58 87 106 135 165 193 223 251 280 298 327 357 371
15 29 57 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 296 328 354 368
15 28 57 86 104 133 162 192 221 250 278 296 325 354 360
15 29 58 87 133 162 191 220 250 280 297 326 155 368
15 30 69 88 134 163 192 221 250 279 298 327 356 369
15
14
29
29
58
58
. 87
A7
134 163 192 aao 250 278 297 326 356 369
134 163 192 222 250 279 288 326 3116 369
15 29 57 87 104 133 162 191 220 249 278 296 326 354 368
15 29 59 87 105 134 162 192 220 250 979 298 326 35s 369
14 29 58 87 133 163 191 220 249 278 297 326 355 368
16 30 58 88 135 163 192 221 250 279 297 326 356 369
14 as 57 86 133 163 191 aao 249 277 296 325 354 368
14 29 58 87 133 162 192 221 250 280 298 327 356 369
15 30 69 88 131 163 192 221 249 279 288 327 355 369
15 29 58 87 134 105 192 2a 250 278 296 325 355 369
- - - - - - - - -
290 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC' SURVEY
-- - I
Serios 16 29
16
68
- --
87 lo5
aB
134 165
68
192
37
I
am 279 297 336 365
- - - - - - - - -
105 134 163 191
221
370
16 29 58 88 106 135 165 194 223 252 281 as8 327 357 370
16 29 57 87 105 133 162 191 azo 248 278 296 324 354 367
16 30 58 88 106 134 163 192 221 249 279 297 326 356 370
16 30 .58 87 106 135 164 193 223 253 282 aes 328 357 371
15 30 69 88 106 134 164 192 222 250 279 297 326 355 369
15 29 58 87 105 133 163 191 221 249 278 296 324 364 367
16 29 58 87 105 133 163 191 220 250 279 298 336 357 370
14 29 58 88 107 136 164 194 223 251 281 299 327 366 370
15 30 58 88 105 134 163 192 221 249 279 297 325 354 368
15 30 58 88 105 134 163 191 221 249 279 297 336 356 370
15 30 I 86 106 135 165 193 224 252 aSl 299 328 357 371
15 as 59 87 108 134 164 192 aao 250 278 297 325 356 368
15 as 5s 86 104 ,133 161 191 219
2m
249 277
279
295 324 354 368
14 28 57 86 104 133 161 191 250 297 326 354 869
14 29 58 88 105 135 164 194 222 a51 280 298 327 365 370
16 29 58 86 104 134 162 191 a20 249 277 296 325 353 888
16 28 68 86 104 134 162 191 220 249 278 296 327 355 370
15 as 58 87 105 134 164 193 222 252 280 288 327 356 371
15 29 59 87 105 134 163 192 am 250 278 296 325 354 367
14 as 67 86 104 133 161 191 219 249 277 295 32.5 353 367
14 28 67 86 103 133 161 192 zm 249 279 297 326 354 368
16 30 69 88 106 137 165 194 223 252 281 298 328 356 370
16 29 68 86 104 133 162 191 aao 249 277 296 325 353 367
- -- - - - - - - - - - -
'CONSTITUENT
2N I.
- - - -
- - - -
- - -
- - - -
SerMs-"
l- 29
-
68
68
87 106
- - - - - -
86 105
134
135
163
163
192
193
a21
58
87
87
105
106
134
136
163
164
192
192
221
233
2ml
251
a79
279
297
298 327
355
-
356
389
-
369
14 29 5 9 8 8 105 134 164 192 221 251 280 298 327 365 8639
14 28 57 86 105 133 162 192 321 250 ne 296 326 354 368
14 30 57 87 105 134 164 193 221 251 280 297 338 356 370
14 29 68 87 106 135 163 193 aM 250 280 297 325 354 369
14 29 69 87 106 135 163 192 232 251 280 297 338 355 369
14 29 68 87 105 134 164 193 222 251 279 297 326 356 309
14 28 58 87 105 135 164 192 232 251 380 297 327 356 369
14 29 5 8 8 8 106 134 164 193 221 250 278 296 325 355 368
16 30 58 87 106 134 163 193 221 250 ne 297 328 355 369
14 29 68 a7 106 135 164 193 221 249 ne 297 326 356 370
14 a0 6 9 8 8 107 136 164 192 323 251 280 299 327 356 370
14 29 59 87 105 135 163 192 221 250 279 297 327 355 369
13 28 67 a7 104 332 161 169 219 248 270 296 324 253 367
14 29 58 87 105 133 I63 192 a20 260 279 297 327 356 369
14 29 I 87 105 133 lea 192 221 2M) 280 297 328 355 370
14 30 68 s7 104 134 163 192 221 2m 279 298 326 855 369
14 29 5 8 8 6 104 133 161 191, 220 268 277 296 325 354 369
13 28 58 a7 104 134 163 191 221 250 279 297 327 855 369
14 29 5 8 8 8 104 133 163 192 221 250 278 297 3% 355 308
16 a9 .s a7 105 134 163 192 a20 250 279 296 338 355 369
14 29 I 87 105 133 163 192 m 249 ne
2i9
297 328 356 370
369
16 30 57 86 105 I34 162 191 221 a50 298 33 856
28 86 184 162 192 221 249 279 297 324 855 369
14
-
60 104
- - - ----
00
CONSTITUENT
- - ----- -
Series
I-
29 68
-
68
87
-
86
163 192 221 250
I34
--
134
-- -
163 193 221
L
250
279
- -
280
a97
356 369
60 88 136 164 193 221 250 279 855 369
57 86 133 162 192 220 250 280 355 . 369
60 88 137 166 194 223 251 281 355 370
68 87 132 162 191 230 249 278 355 . 369
Ea 88 168 194 223 251 280 855 360
58 86 132 161 190 219 249 277 355 388
68 88 la5 165 194 223 251 280 855 369
69 88 134 163 191 220 249 278 365 369
68 87 105
~.. 134 163 193 223 251 780 355 360
68 87 lob 133 162 191 219 248 an IL55 368
51 87 104 134 162 193 323 261 280 355 369
58 88 136 163 193 221 250 278 29Ij 855 369
67 87 133 162 192 221 260 280 297 356 370
69 88 135 161 192 222 260 278 206 364 369
57 85 132 162 191 aao 250 279 297 356 369
58 87 136 164 193 232 261 ne 297 354 . 369
57 8(1 133 161 1W a20 249 278 296 355 369
58 88 106 135 165 193 234 252 281 327 356 370
57 85 104 132 161 l89 218 248 277 323 354 368
58 87 106 135 164 193 222 262 280 326 356 369
58 86 104 133 161 190 2ls 248 277 324 354 388
57 87 105 135 163 193 322 251 281 327 356 370
aao
-
58
-87 105
-
134
-
183
-
191
- --
249 278 325
-
354 388
292 U. 8. COAST AND GEODETIC S'URVEY
105
134
-
135
I63
._
164
192
-
193
221
L
222
350
- - -
251
279
a80
297
298
328
-
337
as
-- - _
356
169
369
58 87 105 134 163 192 221 2% 279 297 297 354 368
SR 87 105 134 163 192 222 251 230 298 327 3.55 .369
59 88 106 135 164 193 222 251 280 ass 327 356 370
58 87 105 134 164 193 223 251 280 297 338 355 369
58 87 105 134 187 182 221 250 279 296 325 354 368
58 87 105 134 163 192 221 251 279 207 31 355 369
53 88 108 135 164 193 222 251 279 297 326 356 370
58 87 105 134 163 193 221 2m 278 2116 325 354 388
58 87 105 134 164 1% 221 a50 279 291 326 355 369
54 87 105 134 163 192 220 249 279 2R7 336 355 369
58 88 108 135 164 192 221 2w 279 297 326 356 370
58 87 10.5 134 163 191 a30 249 278 2% 325 354 385
58 87 105 134 ISa 192 221 250 279 297 326 355 369
59 &3 10R 135 163 192 22l 2% !a0 298 327 358 370
58 87 105 1.33 162 191 2% 249 2i8 298 325 .%4 368
58 .87 log 134 1M 192 22l 250 279 297 326 365 370
58 87 104 133 162 192 221 250 279 297 326 355 389
58 87 105 134 163 1% 221 250 279 298 327 356 870
58 86 104 133 162 191 2m 249 278 a(16 325 354 360
57 86 104 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 326 355 369
57 88 104 133 162 101 221 w) 279 297 3?a 355 369
57 86 104 133 162 191 220 249 278 298 325 354 ana
58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 298 327 358 370
- - - -
Q
CONS~TUENT
-
- -
- - - - -
- - - -
- -
- --
- -- -
- -
-
Serias
I- 29 68
- - -
87 105 134
- 163 la2
- - - - -
221
222
250 279 !a97
-
297
338
- -
356 a69
-
368
59 88 106 136 104 194 25Ll 380 328 355
58 86 104 133 162 191 221 250 250 2w 327 357 370
59 88 106 135 165 193 333 251 280 ass 326 354 368
6 86 103 132 161 Is0 220 249 27s 297 826 354 369
69 89 107 136 166 195 a25 2.53 283 299 3% 356 370
58 57 105 133 162 191 219 249 277 298 325 254 369
59 88 107 136 165 1% a24 254 281 300 328 358 371
55 87 104 133 162 191 219 248 277 295 324 354 369
58 87 105 135 164 194 m 251 aao ass 326 356 369
69 88 106 135 163 192 221 24s 27s 296 325 3.55 369
58 86 104 134 163 192 221 250 a80 288 3.27 355 370
58 88 108 134 164 192 a20 249 277 295 324 353 368
67 86 104 133 163 191 220 250 279 29; 327 356 370
59 89 107 136 165 102 221 250 278 asp, 325 354 369
68 87 104 133 161 191 m 250 279 297 327 350 371
68 88 107 136 164 191 2a2 251 280 297 323 355 358
58 86 104 133 161 190 219 24s 378 298 325 355 368
58 87 106 135 164 193 223 251 aao a88 326 355 368
51 85 103 131 160 188 218 247 277 295 324 354 367
58 87 lob 134 164 193 2!23 353 281 299 338 356 370
61 86 104 132 161 190 218 247 276 294 324 353 367
51 87 105 134 164 193 222 252 281 a98 328 858 an,
68 87 108 134 162 191 220 249 !a77 295 325 354 888
58 85 103 133 162 192 221 251 aao 298 327 357 370
- - - - - - - - -. - --
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF D E S 293
Table 32.-Dioisors for primary stencil sums-Continued
CONSTITUENT
2Q
-
- - -
- - -
- -
Series
I- 29
26
58 87
-- - -- - -
5 0 8 3
105
113
134
142
163
167
192
192
221
217
250
ZIT
279 297
-
309
-I
326
334 359
355 369
-
371
25 69 101 116 141 166 191 216 m 333358 370
36 77 lo2 117 142 167 192 233 309 334 359 371
39 64 89 104 I29 154 188 230 295 320 345 366
25 50 75 90 116 159 192 217 282 307 355 370
25 50 75 90 136 167 192 217 282 332 358 370
25 50 83 113 142 167 192 217 241 277 309 334 368 370
25 60 102 117 142 i67 192 217 254 293 308 334 358 370
36 76 101 116 141 166 191 232 267 292 308 333 357 369
39 64 89 104 129 154 197 230 255 280 296 320 345 365
25 50 15 90 115 159 191 215 w 365 281 305 353 369
26 50 75 90 136 167 192 216 241 266 283 331 358 370
25 60 83 113 142 157 192 216 241 277 307 332 357 369
25 80 101 117 142 167 191 216 254293 308 333 358 370
37 77 101 117 142 167 191 231 268293 308 333 358 370
38 63 87 103 128 153 194 229 254 279 294 319 344 364
25 60 74 90 115 159 191 216 241. 266 281 306 354 370
25 49 74 90 136 166 190 215 240265 280 330 357 369
25 49 81 113 142 166 191 216 241 278 308 333 3.58 370
25 , 58 101 117 142 188 191 216 254m 307 332 357 369
36 76 101 117 141 166 191 231 288 293 308 333 358 370
37 62 87 103 127 152 194 229 254 279 294 319 344 364
24 49 74 90 114 158 191 216 241 266 281 306 354 470
24 49 74 eo 135 166 191 216 241 266 281 331 358 370
- -
R
CONSTITUENT
- - __
- - - - - -
- -
Series
---
29
30
29
58
-
59
59
87
-
'88
88
105
-
108
108
134
-
135
135
1- 163
164
164
192
103
193
221
-
222
222
251
251
280
a80
297
-
298
298
-I
326
327
326
355
356
355
369
-
370
369
29 58 88 108 135 164 193 233 251 279 297 38 355 369
29 58 87 105 135 164 193 221 250 279 297 326' 355 369
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 326 355 369
29 58 86 104 133 162 192 221 250 279 297 326 355 369
as 57 86 104 133 162 191 221 250 279 297 326 355 369
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 251 280 2Qa 327 356 370
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 280 298 327 366 370
29 58 87 106 134 163 192 221 250 279 298 327 356 370
29 .58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 327 356 370
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 326 356 370
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 368
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 296 368
29 .58 87 105 134 163 . 192 221 249 278 296 368
29 58 87 105 134 163 191 220 249 278 296 368
29 58 87 105 133 162 191 220 249 278 296 368
29 57 86 104 133 162 191 224 249 278 298 325 I 354 368
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 326 355 369
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 326 355 369
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 326 355 369
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 326 356 369
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 326 355 360
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 231 250 279 m 326 365 369
- - - - - -
294 U. S. COAST A N D GEODETIC S'URVEY
58 88 106 135 164 193 22!2 251 280 298 327 358 370
58 87 105 134 163 192 221 a50 279 297 326 355 369
58 87 105 134 163 192 221 a50 279 297 328 355 369
58 87 105 134 163 192 221 a50 279 297 326 356 369
58 87 105 134 163 193 222 251 280298 338 357 371
69 88 106 135 164 193 222 251 280298 327 358 370
58
53
53
58
58
87
87
87
87
87
105
105
105
105
105
134
134
134
135
134
1M
163
163
164
163
192
192
192
193
192
221
221
221
aaa
221
250
250
250
261
250
%I z
379
aSi
297
aeS
297
326
326
328
338
326
355
355
355
357
355
869
369
369
371
369
68 87 105 134 163 192 221 a50 279 297 326 356 369
58 87 105 ,134 163 192 221 w) 279 297 326 364 368
58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 279 297 325 355 369
59 88 106 135 164 193 223 252 281 298 327 356 370
58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 278 296 325 354 368
63 87 105 134 163 192 ,221 249 278 296 325 354 368
58 87 105 134 163 192 Zm 249 278 296 325 354 368
58 87 105 134 163 191 am 249 297 326 355 369
58 87 105 134 163 192 221 250 297 328 355 369
58 87 105 133 163 191 am 249 296 325 364 368
58 86 104 133 162 191 2m 249 298 335 354 388.
57 I 104 133 162 191 am 249 -.. 296 325 354 368
67 88 104 133 162 191 2m 250 279 297 326 355 3e5
C O N S ~ E NX T
,series I 29
29
-
-
58
---
68
- -
87
39
105
107
"I'
135 164
-
192
-
194
"1 233 252
- - - -
279
-
297
- - - -
a80 298
326
330
355
358 372
29 57 87 106 134 182 191 221 250 278 296 335 355 369
as 57 88 104 134 162 191 219 250 278 296 324 354 369
31 59 88 105 136 165 194 222 252 282 300 338 357 371
31 M) 88 105 134 164 193 ,221 250 279 298 326 355 369
29 59 88 105 134 162 193 221 as0 278 297 326 355 369
29 58 88 105 134 162 193 278 206 328 355 369
as 57 88 106 135 163 192 a80 298 326 358 371
2Q 57 86 104 134 162 191 278 296 324 354 368
30 58 87 104' 135 163 192 279 297 325 354 307
31 80 88 106 135 166 195 282 301 329 358 371
28 59 87 105 134 162 193 278 297 326 355 368
28 57 87 105 114 162 191 221 249 278 296 326 355 368
28 57 87 105 134 162 190 221 249 278 296 324 354 368
28 57 85 105 1b4 163 191 2m 251 280 Fa8 336 355 371
29 58 86 104 134 163 191 230 249 279 296 325 353 367
30 69 87 105 133 164 192 221 249 280 29z 326 354 368
a8 60 88 106 134 164 194 a23 251 280 299 329 357 371
28 57 87 105 133 182 191 278 295 328 364 368
28 57 86 105 133 162 190 n 8 295 324 354 368
28 57 85 104 133 162 190 ,278 295 324 353 368
29 MI 86 104 134 164 192 281 298 327 355 370
30 69 87 105 133 164 192 279 297 3% 354 368
as -
58
i
87 106
-
133
I
163 192
- I
277 296
- - - - -
326 354 368
HARMONIC AWALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF TIDES 295
Table 32.-Dioisore f o r p r i m a r y etencil sums-Continued
C0"ITWENT p
-
- -
- - - - -
-
Series 20 163 192 231 250 297 326 369
- - _-
- - - - - - -
29 59 89 106 135 163 192 223 252 280 299 33 356 369 .
30 61 88 107 135 164 194 223 252 I 2 a98 337 356 369
30 57 88 105 134 164 193 231 250 280 286 326 355 369
27 57 87 104 134 163 190 219 249 376 296 325 353 368
30 60 87 106 136 162 192 223 249 279 298 33 356 369
30 57 86 106 133 163 .I93 220 250 280 297 337 356 370
27 56 86 103 133 163 190 220 260 378 287 328 354 369
29 59 88 106 136 163 193 223 251 280 288 326 355 369
30 69 87 107 134 164 194 222 260 a79 296 326 366 369
29 57 87 104 134 163 191 310 249 ne 296 326 354 369
28 58 as 105 134 163 191 221 251 na as8 326 355 369
30 59 86 105 134 162 192 223 a9 279 297 3.26 356 369
29 57 86 105 133 163 193 Mo 260 280 297 327 356 369
28 57 87 104 134 164 191 221 251 a79 297 326 353 369
29 59 88 106 136. 163 193 222 w) 273 aa8 335 365 368
30
29
59
57
87
87
107
104
134 164 193 222 250 280 rn 337 367 370
133 162 191 219 249 378 286 326 354 369
28 57 86 103 133 162 190 220 249 277 297 325 354 ass
29 69 86 106 135 163 193 223 250 280 296 327 366 369
30 67 87 106 w 164 193 231 251 281 296 8-27 366 370
27 57 87 104 134 163 191 321 260 277 296 325 363 369
30 60 88 106 136 164 193 223 250 279 297 336 356 369
30 6a 87 lo5 132 162 192 azo. 249 ns 295 325 556 369
I 66 85 101 131 161 190 219 249 278 '295 325 362 369
- - - - - - - - - -
CONSTITUENT
P
- -
- - - -
- - -
-
58 87 105 192 221 297
- - - - - -
5( 88 102 135 165 192 221 249 288 30( 337 355 368
5t 83 10; 134 161 186 2lt a60 ma 29! 322 351 367
M 88 101 135 182 1W ?% 252 280 !a9i 324 358 371
B( 88 1W 134 ' 161 19: 2% w) na 2Bt 329 357 370
6: 80 105 135 167 188 22i 251 280 30: 329 357 370
5i 85 101 135 184 191 21( 249 281 aB( 326 354 367
6! 83 104 134 161 186 21i a50 zn 29: 323 362 360
5: 90 1Oi 135 162 191 ?% 252 a78 m 325 358 371
61 89 Iff 134 l6l 194 22: 250 377 m 329 357 370
6: 80 105 134 19 197 224 252 282 30: 330358 371
66
55
84
85
101
107
134
134
162
162
' 190
190
217
219
248
251
219
278
296
295
324 351
323 353
365
371
56 89 106 133 161 190 223 251 218 295 326 3M 370
62 90 107 134 164 195 223 251 218 298 330 357 371
60 88 105 134 . 167 194 223 a6O 281 300 328 a55 369
55 83 101 133 161 la Zl6 247 ns 295 323 3w 365
134 162 ,
,
&5 86 107 189 221 260 218 295 323 355 371
68 88 106 133 161 192 an a60 n8 295 327 3% 369
62 89 107 134 15 195 a23 250 n8 288 330 357 370
69 86 103 w le4 198 221 a48 282 299 327 354 367
55 82 101 133 161 188 216 249 278 296 323 350 366
55
69
62
87
88
106
105
89 106
I34
133
134
162
160
165
189
193
195
aaa
23a
328
250
2.50
350279
278
na
295
295
300
523
3%
328
366
357
358
1 339
370
369
- -
. _ .-. . _I. . ~
I - - - , -
296 U. S. COAST AND G E O D m C SWRVEY
m ' 87 108 134 164 193 221 251 298 326 365 869
59 87 108 134 164 193 321 250 298 3a7 356 3m
59 87 108 134 163 193 321 350 297 325 355 368
I 8F, 105 133 163 193 223 251 ase 3% 355 388
P 87 106 134 164 192 231 w) 297 328 355 368
59 88 106 135 164 183 222 251 ?A% 327 357 370
58 86 104 134 163 191 321 250 297 335 354 388
59 87 105 135 164 192 221 251 a60 327 356 370
I 87 105 134 163 192 M1 aM) 296 328 355 388
87 87 104 134 164 192 aaa 251 297 326 31 369
I 88 105 135 164 192 221 251 297 326 365 369
59 88 108. 135 164 193 323 251 297 327 356 ' 370
57 87 105 134 162 192 221 ?48 ass 326 356 869
lea
57
57
58
87
86
87
104 134
104 133
105 134
162
163
191
191
192
231
2ao
231
2-48
249
!a9
?wI
297
296
325
328
326
F365
A '368
388
369
57 87 106 135 163 183 aaa 250 297 326 354 388
57 86 104 133 162 191 m 249 296 325 353 388
59 88 108 135 163 193 zza 260 aes 338 356 371
58 87 105 134 lea I92 221 249 ass 325 354 388
57 87 104 133 iea 191 320 aM) 297 326 355 388
IB 87 105 133 163 ma 220 a50 297 326 354 368
58 87 108 134 163 193 231 a50 297 326 355 370
57 87 104 133 162 191 219 249 296 325 354 388
- - - - - - -
-
Series I 29
56
-
-
87
- - - - -
105 I34 163
- - - - - - -
85 104
- -
192
- -
134
-
221 150
30 59
87
-
88
1-
105
108
134
185
-
..
164
-I
163 192
igz
22l.
222 250
279
- -
m
.. -
297
297
336
326
355 369
-
364
-
369
30 58 88 106 134 164 192 221 250 279 ass 326 355 369
2 8 5 8 87 lo5 134 163 192 222 2w as0 298 327 356 369
30 68 88 107 135 165 194 223 252 281 a88 338 356 370
29 58 87 106 134 168 191 221 a48 279 296 335 354 368
30 ' 58 88 108 134 164 192 221 a50 as0 297 327 256 370
as 58 88 105 I 135 164 194 223 252 381 ass 328 356 371
30 68 87 162 lea 220 250 278 asa 326 364 368
28 68 87 162 191 Mo W9 278 ass 326 355 369
28 57 87 162 192 220 250 279 297 326 355 369
30 59 88 164 193 na 251 279 298 327 356 370
30 58 88 163 192 Mo 250 278 296 326 364 368
28 58 87 104 134 163 192 231 250 a79 a88 326 356 370
28 57 86 105 134 163 193 221 251 279 297 325 355 300
29 69 87 105 135 163 lea 221 250 278 297 325 354 369
29 58 87 105 134 163 192 230 w) 278 296 325 355 369
m 58 86 104 134 163 193 232 251 280 ass 327 3E4l 371
29 58 87 108 135 163 193 221 251 ;m 297 328 355 388
m 58 86 162 190 . 220 248 278 ass 324 354 367
28
29
rn
59
86
87
162 191 220
192 222
249
250
279
379
m
298
326
326
356
355
368
369
184
mr
1
29 58 86 101 133 162 191 230 249 29.6 326 354 367
28 58 86 133 162 190 am 348 278 2se 325 355 368
28 57 86 105 133 163 192 221 250 280 2w 326 356 369
104
- - - - - - -
skies
Hour
-- 29
-
-
58
i-
87 105
-
CONSTITUENT
134
-
-
-
163
-
28M
- -
- -
192
- D1
- -
250
-
-
326
-
qI
355 ,369
0- - _ _ _ - - - - _ _a8 57 87 106 136 164 192 220 250 ?so 299 329 356 369
1
2
___________
___________ 30
28
60
56
88
86
108
105
133
135
163
165
193
193
233
220
252
249
280 297
279 297
335
3.37
355
356
370
370
3
4
___________
___________
30
28
60
55
89
SI
107
103
135
133
163
163
193
191
a23
219
253
247
281 298
376 294
328
324
355
353
370
367
5 _______ :--- 30 60 90 107 135 163 193 223 253 282398 326 356 370
6
7
___________
___________ 28
30
56
60
84
90
103
108
133
137
163
164
193
193
220
223
248
253
277
283
285
300
325
328
355
358
370
370
8___________
___________ ' 29 57 85 103 133 163 193 231
222
249 277 295 326
338
355 370.
9
10
11
___________
___________
29
30
28
59
59
67
88
86
87
108
104
108
137
133
136
165
163
164
193
193
193
223
220
252
251
349
282
279
279
300
295
298
325
331
356
355
356
3
369
13
13
___________
___________ 30
?S
59
17
87
87
104
105
132
135
161
164
191
191
221
219
249
349
277
279
295
298
333
338
353 367
356389
14
15
___________
___________ 30
a7
60
65
88
85
105
103
133
133
162
168
192
191
232
219
251
247
279
277
297
296
325
328
355
355
369
868
16
17
_____ 1_____ __ 30
___________ 28
80
56
89
84
108
102
134
132
162
162
192
191
na
219
257,
347
281
276
29s
296
326
325
355 300
365368
18___________ 60 30 90 108 135 163 192 aaa 252 282 300 338 355 369
19 57 29 85 102 132 162 192 230 248 276 295 3% 355 369
20___-_______
29 59 89 107 135 163 190 aao 250 ma88 336 314 367
zl-_-_-______
29 57 85 lo2 132 162 192 221 249 276 295 336 355 369
22___-_____-_
a8 58 88 106 135 163 191 a20 250 280 299 327 355 368
23_ _ _ _ _ 30
___ 86
58_ . _ 103 133 162 193
=? 250 278 295 325 355 369
- - - - - - -
HARMONIC ARALYSIS A N D PREDICTION OF TIDES 299
Table 33.-For construction of secondary stencils . '
J 8 L
-I
-I - -I
2SM 1 KmdP
-
R and T M8
--
A
Xffer
lours
J
ence, hours '""I hours
8
hours
L
hours znce,. L Dlffcr-
ence
lows hours hour;
-
-I- + 3 0-23
*0 0-23
f
0 0-23
-
0 0-23
-
0
9 0-?3 1 0-23 0 0-23 0 0-23 .1
15 0-23 1 0-23 1 17-21 0 0-23 1
21 0-23 3 0-23 2 0-23 1 0-23 1 0-23 1
3 0-23 4 0-23 2 0-23 1 0-8 1 0-23 2
10 0-23 5 0-1 2 0-23 1 0-2a 1 0-23 2
16 0-23 6 0-73 3 0-15 1 093 1 0-23 3
32 1-11 6 0-23 3 0-23 2 0-23 2 0-23 3
4 '0-23 7 0-23 4 0-23 2 0-23 2 0-23 3
10 0-23 8 0-23 4 0-23 2 0-23 2 0-?3 . 4
17 . 0-23 5 0-23 2 0-23 ' 2 0-23 4
23 0-23 5 0-23 3 0-23 2 0-23 6
5 0-23 6 , 0-23 3 0-23 3 0-23 .5
11 0-23 6 0-23 3 0-23 3 la-% 5
17 0-23 7 0-23 8 0-23 3 0-y - 6
0 6-3 13 0-23 7 0-23 4 0-23 3 0-a3 6
6 0-23 14 0-23 8 0-23 4 0-23 3 G23 7
12 0-23 15 0-23 8 0-23 4 0-23 4 0-23 7
18 0-23 .16 0-8 8 0-23 4 0-23 4 0-23 8
0 0-23 17 0-23 9 0-23 4 0-23 4 0-23 8
7 0-23 18 0-7.3 9 0-7.3 5 0-a 4 0-23 '8
13 0-23 19 0-23 10 0-23 5 0-23 4 0-23 9
19 4-9 19 0-23 10 0-23 5 0-23 6 0-23 9
1 0-23 20 0-23 11 0-23 5 0-23 5 0-23 . 10
8 0-23 21 0-23 11 0-23 6 0-23 6 0-23 . 10
14 0-23 ?a 0-23 12 0-23 6 0-23 5 0-23 10
10 0-23 23 0-23 12 0-23 . 6 0-23 5 0-23 11.
2 0-23 0 0-23 13 0-23 6 0-23 6 0-23 11
8 0-27 1 0-23 13 0-23 7 0-23 6 0-23 ' 12
14 0-23 2 0-23 14 0-23 7 0-23 6 0-23 12
n 8-1 2 0-23 14 0-23 7 0-?3 6 0-23 12
3 0-23 3 0-15 14 0-23 7 0-23 6 0-23 13
9 0-23 4 0-23 15 0-23 7 0-23 7 0-23 13
15 0-23 5 0-23 15 0-23 8 0-23 7 0-23 14
2a 0-23 .6 ?-23 18 0-23 8 0-23 7 80-23 14
4 0-23 7 0-23 16 0-23 8 0-23 7 2-21 14
10 0-23 8 0-23 17 0-23 8 '0-23 7 0-23 15
16 6-8 8 0-23 17 0-23 9 0-23 8 0-23 15
22 0-23 9 0-23 I8 0-23 9 0-23 8 0-23 16
6 0-23 10 0-23 18 0-?3 9 0-23 8 0-23 16 .
11 0-23 11 0-23 19 0-!23 9 0-23 8 13-15 16
17 0-23 12 0-23 P9 0-23 10 0-23 8 0-23 17
23 0-23 13 0-23 a0 0-23 10 0-23 9 0-23 17
I .0-23 14 0-23 20 0-B 10 0-23 9 0-23 18
12 0-2Q 15 0-23 a0 0-23 10 0-23 9 0-23 18
1; 10-23 15 0-23 21 0-23 10 0-23 9 0-23 19
0-23 16 0-23 21 0-23 11 0-23 9 0-23 19
R 0-23 17 0-23 23 0-23 11 0-23 10 0-23 19
13 0-23 18 0-23 ?a 0-23 11 0-23 10 0-23 20
50
51
__-____ 0-23
_______ 19-16 19
1
0-23
0-23
19
20
0-23
0-23
23
23
0-23
0-23
11
12
0-23
0-23
10
10
0-23
0-23
a0
21
52_______ 2-17
7-14
7 0-23 21
21
0-23 0 .0-23 13
12
8.16
.0-23 10
11
0-23
0-23
21
21
(53)----- 13 0-23 0-23 0 0-23
- --
300 U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
N 0
2MK Y P m
--
I -- - I_ - - -- -
lL
hours
mer.
$
:;
--
M
hours
mer
'Urn.
IOUls
-
N
lours
Piffer
:rice,
lours
- -
N
lours
)iflet
?Urn,
lours
-
0 Differ.
hours hours
0
enm. hours
- lours
-
Iiffer-
!nee,
---I-
1 _-____-
a3-10
-
0 0-23
-
1 20-7 +O 0-23 +O 0-23 +O 0-23 + O
2 20-8 1 0-23 2 11-23 1 0-23 1 0-23 1 0-28
3 _______
17- 5
4_.-____
15- 3
2
3
0-23
0-23
4
5
2-14
17- 6
2
3
0-23 1 0-23 1 0-23
0
0
0-23 1 0-23 2 0-23 0
5 12- 1 4 0-23 I 9-21 4 0-23 2 0-73 2 0-23 0
6_ _ _ . 8-22
___ 5 0-23 8 0-13 5 0-23 2 7- 8 2 0-a3
_______
7 7-rn 6 0-23 10 15- 4 6 0-23 3 0-23 3
0
_______
8
9-------
417
2-15
7
8
5-0
0-23
11
13
6-19
22-11
7 0-23 3 0-23 3
0-23
0-23
0
0
8 0-23 3 0-23 4 0-23 0
lo------- 23-12 9 l6-8 14 1s- 2 9 0-23 4 0-23 4 0-23 0
_______
11 wi n
12.....-. 18- 7
10
11
0-23
7-15
16
17
4-18
20-9
10
11
0-23
0-23
4 0-53 5 0-23 1
5 0-23
_______
13
14___.-..
15- 5
12- 3
12
13
0-23
19-22
19
20
11- 1
2-16
12
13
0-23 6 0-23
6
6
0-23
0-23
1
1
2-10 5 0-23 6 0-23
_______
15 10- 0 14 0-23 a2 17- 2 14 0-23 6 0-23 7 0-23
1
1
16__-____
7-21 15 0-23 0 9-23 15 0-23
_______
17
_______
18
4-1Y
2-17
16
17
0-23
0-23
1
3
0-15
15- 6
16
17
0-23
0-23
6
7
I
0-23
0-23
.7
8
0-23
0-23
1
1
_______
19 23-14
_______
20 21-12
18
19
0-23
0-23
4
6
6-21
22-13
18
19
0-23
0-23
8
8
0-23
21- 5
8
8
0-z(
0-!23
1
1
0-23 9 0-23 1
m 0-23 7 13- 4 a0 0-23 P 0-23 9 0-23 1
21 0-23 9 4-a(l 21 0-23 t 0-23 10 0-a3 1
aa 0-23 10 19-11 n 0-23 s 0-23 10 0-23 1
23 0-23 12 11- 3 23 0-23 1( 0-23 11 0-3j 1
0 0-23 13 2-18 0 0-23 It 043 11 0-23 1
1 0-23 15 17-10 1 0-23 IC 0-23 12 0-23 1
2 0-23 16 ai 2 e23 11 0-23 12 0-23 1
3 0-23 18 0-11 3 0-23 11 0-23 13 0-23 1
4 6-0 19 15- s 4 0-23 x 0-23 I3 0-29 1
5 0-23 21 6-23 S 0-23 15 0-23 14 0-29 2
6 19-7 2a 2z1: 6 0-23 1: 0-23 14 0-23 2
7 0-23 0 13- e 7 0-23 1: 11- 4 14 0-23 2
8 '7-35 1 4-a: E 0-23 1: 0-23 15 0-29 2
9 0-23 ' 3 19-13 g 0-23 14 0-23 15 0-23 2
10 20-n 4 11- 5 10 -0-23 14 0-23 16 0-23 2
11 0-23 6 2-2c 11 2-20 14 0-23 16 0-23 2
12 0-21 8 17-1: 12 0-23 l! 0-23 17 0-23 2
13 0-!E 9 8-2 13 0-23 1: 0-23 17 0-23 2
14 0-23 11 0-u 14 0-23 1( 0-23 18 0-23 2
15 0-23 ia 15-11 15 0-23 1f 0-23 18 0-23 2
16 0-23 14 6-1 16 6-9 It 0-23 19 0-23 2
17 0-23 15 21-li 17 0-23 11 0-23 19 0-23 2
18 0-?2 17 13- L le 0-23 li 0-23 20 0-23 2
19
!20
0-23
0-23
18
m L
,E
I 16
a0
0-23
0-23
1s
1i
0-23
1-23
20
20
0-3
0-23
2
2
21 0-23 21 10- 21 0-23 1I 0-23 , 21 0-23 2
22 0-23 23 2-2: 22 0-23 1I 0-23 21 0-23 2
D 15-14 0 17-13 23 0-23 1I 0-23 22 0-23 2
0 0-23 a 8-! 0 0-23 E4 0-23 22 0-23 3
1 d-2.3 3 0-3 1 0-23 24 0-23 23 0-23 3
2 0-23 6 15-1: 2 0-23 21 0-23 23 0-23 3
3 19-7 6 6-3 3 0-23 21 0-23 0 0-23 3
-- -s
4 0-23 0-8 4 0-23 21 0-23 0 0-23 3
__ .- -- - -
HARMONIC ANALYSIS AND PR.EDICTION O F TIDES ,301
Table 33.-For construction of .secondary stencils-Continued
ConstituentA- - - __ I
0 '
Constituent B----- P l - - Q-
-- ...... . .. -
-
. 2Q -
Differ-
en*.
Differ 0 ,. Differ-
)Mer
ence, 0 Differ- .
izzs hours bows
-- -
hours
%$* ence
hours
- - - -- hourb
how hours
- 2 0-13 - - -
1&2? 23-1' 6 12-1:
8 6- 3 I 6- 8 i 9-21 18 31- !
13
18
18-12
7-22
l!
21
18- 6
7-16
E
le
7-1:
17- !
7 - - - - - -.
19 t
23 19-8 19- 1 t 2-1< 7 15-11
s 7-18 s 7-1 1 1; 12- I
10 19- 3 l! 19-21 224 1; J::1
15 7-13 7-19
a0
2
19-23
8
2;
i 19- 5
8-15
18
1
19
20.1
gl;
20
8
20
__' -4-i- - -.
7 0-23 1t 20.0 7 1-1: 8 l
Cli
12 8- 5 2: 8-10 19 11-2 a0 0-r
18 20.15 4 30 1 21- I 8 9-1s
23 8-1 11 a-is x 19- i 21.
4 20-10 11 20- 4 e 5-li 9 18-1s
9 9-aa 2: 9-14 2t 15- : 21 3- I
15 21- 6 21-39 a 0-1: 9 13-2
20 9-15 1; 9 20 10-2: 21 23-8
1
7
21- 1
9-11
1t
2:
21- 7
9-17
9
21
844
18- f
10
22
____5-- 8 -.
2.16035-41-20
302 U. 8. COAST AND GEODETJC SWRVEY
DaysoIgeri& - . . ... . ..
--
82' 110 137 164' 19.2 '219 S.46 274-'301 '338 356
84 111 138 166 193 270 248.275 303 330.357
85 112. 139 167 194 221 249 276 303 331 3.58
86 113 141. 168 195 a23* 250 277 304. 332 359
87 114 142 169 196 224 251 2.78 306 333 360
88 115' 143 170 197' 2% 252 279 307 334 361
89 117 144 171 190 226 253 a81*.308 335 363.
90' 118 145 172 a00
~~ 231 254 282 309 336 364
93 119 146 174' 201 228 256' a83 310 337' 365
93 im 147 175 202 229 257 !284 311 339 366
94 121 149' 176 203 230. 258 285 312. 340 367
95 123 150 177 204 232 259 2% 314 341 368
96 1B' 151 17s 205' 133 280 287 315 342 339
97 125 152 179 307 234 251 289.318
98 125 153 180 208 a35 253 280 317
343
344
____
____
100' 127. I64 182' 239 236 3M' 291 318 345'
237 %5 292 319 347
____
____
101 128 155 183 210
102 129 156' 184 211 238' a93 320 34s ____
____
103
104
130 158
131' 159
185
186
212
213
a40 967 294 322. 349
241 269 395 323 350 ____
105
106
133
134
160
161
187
188
215' 242
216 1 3
%I9 297. 324 351
270 m 325 352
____
____
108.
109
135
136
163
163
189'
191
317 244
218 245
271' 299 325 353
273 300 327 355.
____
____
ASSIGNMENT
OF DAILY SUMS POB CONSTnVENT MSf '
0 ________________________ 1 30 60. 89 119 148 178 a07 237 aSa 396 325 355
1________________________________________ 2 31 61 90 1% 149' 179 .2O9OS238
. 268. 397 327' 358
2 ______________________________________I-3 33' 62 92' 121 151 180 210 339 269 298 328 357
3 _____________________________
4 34 63
4________________________________________
'5 35 65'
93
94
122
124'
152
153
181'
183
211 240. 270 300'
212 242 271 301
W 359''
330 360
5. _______________________________________ 7 36 66 95 125 154 184 213. 243 273. 303 332. 361
6._______________________________________ 8 37. 67 W 128 156' 185 215 M 274 303 333 363
7________________________________________ 9 39 68 98 127 157 186 216 245 275 304. 334 364.
8____________ ___________________________ 10 40 69. 90 128' 158 188' 217 247' 270 306 335 385
9________________________________________ 13. 41 71 100 130' 159 189 218 248 277 307 336'
' 366
10 13 42 72 101' 131 160' 180 220'249 279' 308 338 367
11________________________________________
14 44' 73 103 132 162 191 121 250 280 309 339 368'
12
13
________________________________________
15 45
________________________________________
17' 46
74
76'
104
105
133'
135
163
161
192'
194
227, 252' 281 311' 340
223 253 292 312 311
____
____
14 __________________________________ _____
1 18 47 77 108 136 165. 195 224' 254 284' 313 343. ____
15________________________________________
I6 ________________________________________
19 49.
78 108' 137 ,167 1% !Z# 255 B5 314 344 ____
____
17________________________________________
79 109 138 168 197' 227 256. 286. 316. 345
20 50
21. 51 80' 110. 140. 169 I99 229 258 287 317 346
18_________.______________________________
23 52 82 111 141 170 '?oo 229 2-59 288. 318 348.
____
____
19________________________________________ 53. 83 112. 142 172. mi 23i* aeo 30 319 349 ____
30________________________________________
21_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________
25 '55 84 ' 114 143 173 aOa 232 251 291 320' 350 ____
____
___I
12________________________________________
23 ________________________________________
28 56
23. 57
29 58
85'
87
88
115
116
117.
144'
146
147
174 3 4 ' 233 !B3* 293
175 205 234 2f?4
176. ?(M 236' 265 295'
323
323
324
351
352.
354
____
____
HARMONlU AJULYSIS AND PREDICTION OF ' h D E S 303
Table %-For summation of long-period constit uents-Continued
ASSIQNMENT OF DAILY BUMS 10B CONSlTXIENT Mm
" . . _.
Time meridian in hours=S+15 . . .
Constituent -
..
1.000 I 2.000 I 3.k I 4.000 1 5.000 I 5.500 1 6.000 . I 6.600..
. --I-
28.98
30.00
28.44
I
I
57.97
60.00
1.88
86.96
80.00
85.32
1 115.94
120.00
113.76
144.92
150.00
142. #)
--
159.41
165.00
156.42
173. w
180.00
170.64
188.40
195. 00
184.86
;:::1
57.97
:::
115.94
46.13'
173.90
60.16
231.87
75.21
289.84
82. 73
318.83
90.25
347.81
97.77
16.79
I
41.83 55.77 69.72 76. 69 83.66 90.63
260.88 347.81 74.76 118.24 161.71 205.19
13208 176.10 230.13 242.14 264.15 2%. 16
180.M) 240.00 300. 00 330. 00 0. w 30. 00
172.27 229.70 287.12 315.83 344. M 13.25
143.56 166.82 171. OB 185.33
90.00 135.00 180.00 225.00
I
139.84 153.83 P67.81 181.79
I
139.48 153.42 167.37 181.82
16.14 32.28 48.42 64.68 80.70 85.77 96.83 104.90
29.46
16.00
58.91
30.00
E:8 117.82
60.00
147.28
75.00
162 01
8 2 50
176.72
90.00
191.46
97.50
14.50 28.99 43.49 57.99 72.48 79.73 86. a9 94.23
15.69 81.17 46.76 62.34 77.93 85.72 93.51 101.31
0.54 1.09 1.63 2.1s 9.72 2.99 3.27 3. 4
0.08 0.16 0.25 0.33 0.41 0.45 0.49 0.63
0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0. 21 0.33 0.35 0.27
1.02 2.03 3.05 4.06 5.08 5.59 6.10 6. 60
1.10 2.20 3.29 4.39 5.49 6.04 6.59 7.14
13.47 26.94 40.41 53.89 67.36 74.09 80.83 87.56
13.40 %:80 40.20 53.59 66.99 73.69 80.39 87.09
'29.96 59.92 89:88 119.84 149.79 164.77 179.75 194.73
30.04 60.08 80.12 im.16 150. 21 165.23 180.25 195.27
12.85 25.71 38.56 51.42 64.27 70.70 77.13 63.55
14.96 29.92 44.88 59.84 74.80 82.27 89.75 97.23
31.02 62.03 93.05 124.06 155.08 170.68 186.10 mi.60
43.48 88.95 130.43 173.90 217.38 239.12 260.80 282. BO
29.63 59.06 88.59 118.11 . 147.64 162. 41 177.17 191.94
214.64 236.10 257. ris 279.03
150.41 165.45 180.49 195.53
219.68 277.65 335: 62 33.59
294.92 324.41 353.90 33.40
- .
R A R M O N I C A a Y S I S AND P-DICTION O F TID.ES 305,
constituent 7.000 I 8.000 I 8.000 I 10.000 I 10.500 I 11.000 1 ' 11.500 I 12.000
Produets in degrees
- - -
MI __________________
sa___________________
202.89
210.00
231.87
240.00
aao.86
no.00
289.84
300.00
304.33
315.00
318.83
330.00
333.34
345.00
347.81
0.00
N: ___________________ 199.08 227.52 255.96 284.4u YO.63 312.84 327. OB 341.28
61
Mc
_____________ _____
i
45.78
105.29
161.71
_ . _219.68
120.33 135.37 150.41 157.93
248.67
165 45
277.65
172.97
306.63
180.49
335.62
_______ ___ 103.55
___ _ '
___________________
0 1
~
1 Jan. 1, Oh, to
Feb.1,Oh
-- I
Feb. 1, Oh, to Dec. 31,24h
0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0
.--I8
-284
-316
+131
+248
+12
+44
-229
-4;
-112
-348
-316
4-168
1 +a36
1-57
-201
-124
IIE
0
tz58
t271
0
t23o
+88
+88
-103
-89
-130
-272
-271
0
G1
t258
t103
+loa
'
-74
-102
-1A
-257
-2%
1
-299 +m -61 +300 -60 0 0 1 -359
-329 +a29 r31 +330 -30 0 0 +1 -368
-324 +233 -137 +248 -112 t259 -101
-a63 +l6!3 -198 +I88 -172 t259 -101 1;;
-57 +34a -12 +311 -49 t291 -69 t264 -106
-111
- 31
+123
4-81
-237
-329 E 3 +1;
-348
0
t333
t25D
-26
-1
-329
-1%
+329
+a0
-31
-280
+330
+as
-30
-332 td -: +1
1232
-359
-128
-31 +31 -339 +30 -830 0 0 w59 -1
-324 +223 -137 +248 -112 t259 -101 t284 -76
-54 +2a -336 4-348 -12 t331 -29 t294 -66
-351 +lW -180 +169 -191 tl89 -171 tl.78 -182
-102 +3w taoa -158
-299 +299 0 0
-143 4-186 4-43 -317
-36 +137 tl0l -769
HARMONIC AWALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF TIDES 307
Table 37.-U. 5. Coast and Geodetic Survey tide-predicting machine No. 2
GENERAL GEARS AND CONNECTING SHAFTS
(larsandShaftsl orce
Fa
diameter
I I of
Number
teeth
Piteh
-
-
Period
Of
otation
Dial
hws
4 Band Crsng shaft for operating machine.
4 3pur gear on shaft 1.
la
la on shaft 2.
la
0.41 72 24 la Bevel gear on shaft 2.
'
I I1 I11 IV
0 0
0
Wb
JI- _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _15.5854433 107 90 52 119 15.5854342
KI- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _15.0410686
6s _________ 30.0831372
61
122
73
80
SI
96
85
146
15.0410959
30.08219lS
++-0.08.24 1.4
11.0
3.9
La_________ . 29.5%4788 104 61 56 97 29.5ZS4773 - .48
.01 2.4
*MI. ______ 14.4920531 103 85 59 148 14.4920508 - .01 1.0
MI________ 28. W1M2 103 74 59 85 28.9841017 -. 02 20.0
Ma ________
MI________
43.4761563
57.9sgaOsl
36
I18
62
74
70
103
67
85
43.4761675
57.968m5
+. 10
-.04
1.4
4.0
ME._______
Ms. _______
86.9523136
115.9364168
140
118
. 62
37
86
103
67
85
86.9523351
115.8364070
+.
+.0920 1.0
0.4
NI_________
28.4397296
3N ________
27.8953518
65
68
46
58 .
53
46
79
58
+.
+. 05 6.0
1.0
01____.____
00
13.9430356
________
16.1391016
92
134
89
131
58
71
129
135 16.1391008
+.0701
-. 01 9.0
0.8
PI_________
14.9589314 91 73 50 135 14.9589041 -.?A 4.8
QI_________
2Q_________
13.3988809
12.8542882
84
127
88
114
51
50
109
130
+. 04
-. 31
3.0
0.6
RI-._______ 30.0410686
SI . _ _ _ _15.0000000
____
85
63
50
75
43
M)
73
84
+. 24
.oo
0.4
20
S I.----____30.0000000 70 70 70 70 .00 9.8
SI - - - - - _ _ _ _ 60.0000000 75 45 60 60 .oo 1.0
____
so. - _ - ~
TI-._______
90.OMmOM)
29.9589314
90
81
48
. 5 0
80
a5 73
50
-.-..oo0424 0.4
1.0
ha__________ 29.1556254 131 65 57 117 0.4
PI .-----____ 27.968m , 125 82 74 121 -. 50 1. 2
_____ _ _ _ _ 28.5125830 89 69 70 95 38.5135858 +:02 20
YI
PI ..___.____
~
M I i .._____
13.4715144
44.02517S
69
im
70
81
41
105 106
90 13.4714m
44.031572
-. 75
-.-.
14
0.8
1.9
2M6______ 42.92113S3 81 52 78 86 42.9271020 33 1.4
MN _______ 57.4238338 135 42 53 89 57.4237560 -. 68 0.7
MS.------- 58.9841W2 118 61 62 61 -. 35' 2.0
2SM _______
MI________
31.0158958 69 47
45
50 71
51
-. 12
+. 1.4
MSf _______ LOSS0330
1.0158958
84
149 80
1
1 55 +.0512 4.0
PO
Mm _______ 0.5443747 93 41 1
__ 125
. - - - - -.
0.5443902 +.14 3.0
Sa_________ 0.0410686 61 149
125
1
60 im 0.0410738 +.05 8.'0
Ssa____ ____ 0.0821372 51 149 1 125 0.0821477 +.09 3.0
-- -- .
'DaPigned for one-half of speed of MI.
EARMONIC AXALPSIS AND PREDICTION OF D E S 309
Table 39.-Synodic periods of constituents
DIURNAL CONSTITUENTS
I . 01
"I
--- I I
J1
Days. Days.
27.555 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
MI
13.777 27.555
1 I
9.133 13.661
27.093 13.661
1
23.942 182.621
QI
2Q
_________
_______ 6.859
5.492
'9.133
6.859
13.661
9.133
27.555
13.777
SI_________
PI_________
25.622
7.096
365.243
9.557
29.803
14.632
14.192
31.812
-
-
--
li9 I FIG
La MI
-
Na
Daya.
__ - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - -.- .- -.
27.555
13.777
____ - - _. .- - - - - - - .
27.555 .- - - - - - - .
9.185 13.777 27.555
29.363 14.192 9.367
31.812 14.765 9.614
________ _________
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________
___-
I
____-_
9.814
14.765
31.812
182.630 365.259
25.622 27.555 29.803
7.236
------ ____
7.383 7.535 10.085 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ -
205.882 9.814 10.085 10.371 15.906 27.555
5.833 15.387 14.765 14.182' 91614 4.922 5.992
Day of month.
I Jan. Feb. Mar.
1
2
33
33
80
61
Apr.
91
92
M a y June
121
122
152
153
ruly Aug. sept.
182
183
213
214
244
245
Oct. Nov. Dee.
274
275
305
306
335
336
3 34 62 93 123 154 184 315 246 276 307 337
4 35 63. 94 124 155 185 216 247 a77 308 338
5 36 64 95 125 156 186 217 248 278 309 339
6 37 65 96 la6 157 187 218 249 279 310 340
7 3 8 6 6 97 127 158 188 318: 250 280 311 341
8 39 67 98 129 159 189 a20 251 281 312 342
9 40 68 99 129 160 190 22l 253' ?82 313 343
10 41 89 100 130 161 191 aaa 253 ?83 314 344
11 42 70 m i iai 162 192 223 254 284 315 345
12 43 71 io2 iia 163 193 224 255 285 316 346
13 44 72 103 ,133 164 . 194 225 9%6 286 317 341
14 45 73 104 134 165 195 226 257 287 318 348
15 46 74 105 135 166 196 227 93 2% 319 349
16 47 75 106 136 167 197 228 259 289 320 350
17 48 7G 107 137 168 198 229 260 290 321 351
18 49 77 1W 138 109 199 ZJO 261 291 322 352
19 50 78 109 139 170 a00 231 262. 292 323 353
20 51 79 110 140 171 201 232 263 293 324 354
21 52 80 111 141 172 203 233 264 294 325 355
22 53 81 112 ,142 173 ?03 234. 265 295 336 350
23 54 82 113 I43 174 '201 235 266 2M 3a7 357
24 - 5 5 - 83 114 144 175. 205 236 267 297 328 358
25 56 84 115 145 176 #w 237 268 29s 329 358
26 57 85 116 1 1 177 207 238 289 299 330360
27 58 86 117 147 178 208 239 270 300 331 361
29 59 87 118 148 179 208 240 271 301 332 362
39 88 119 149 180 310 241 272 302 333 303
89 120 150 181 211 242 273 303 334 364
30
31 90 151 212 243 304 365
310 U. S. COAST A N D GEODFYNO SWRVEY
0 1. OM) 1. 100 1.200 1.300 1.400 1.500 1.600 1.700 1.800 1.900 2.000 360
10 1. 000 1.098 1.197 1.296 1.396 1.495 1.594 I. 694 1.793 1.893 1.w 350
m 1. OM) 1.095 1.1w 1.286 1.383 1.480 1.577 1.675 1.773 1.871 1.9711 340
80 1. OM) 1.088 1.177 1.269 1.361 1.455 1.549 1.644 1.739 1.836 1.939 330
40 1. OOO I . 079 1.180 1.15 1.331 1.420 1.510 1.601 1.693 1.786 1.879 320
50 1.000 1.067 1.139 1.215 1.294 1.370 1.480 1.546 1.634 1.723 1813 310
60 1. OOO 1.054 1.114 1.179 1.249 1.323 1.400 1.480 1.562 1.646 1.732 300
70 1.000 1.038 1.085 1.138 . l . 197 1.282 1.331 1. 403 .l. 479 1. $57 1.638 290
80 1. 000 1.022 1.053 1.093 1.140 1.193 1. %a 1.316 1. 385 1.457 1.532 280
90 1. OM) 1.006 i.om 1.044 1.077 1.118 1.166 i.221 1. 281 1.345 1.414 270
100 1.OOO 0.983 0.985 0.993 1.010 1.037 1.073 1.117 1.167 1.224 1.286 260
110 1. Mw) 0.970 0.950 0.941 0.941 0.953 0.974 1.006 1.045 1.093 1.147 250
im 1. 000 0.954 0.917 0.888 0.872 0.866 0.572 0. R S ~ 0.917 0.954 1.Ooo 2-40
130 1.000 0.939 0.585 0.839 0.804 0.779 0.767 0.768 0.782 0.808 0.845 230
140 1. OOO 0..928 0.8% 0.794 0.740 0.696 0.884 0.646 0.644 0.657 0.684 a#,
1 s 1.000 0.915 0.833 0.755 0.684 0 . 0 ~ 1 0.568 0.527 0.504 a 501 0.518 aio
180 1. OOO 0.907 0.615 0.735 0.639 0.557 0. a a 0.418 0.m 0.344 0.347 a00
170 1. OM) 0. s
ea 0.801 0.700 0.010 0.515 0.422 0.334 0.254 0.193 0.174 190
180 1. OOO 0.900 0.800 0.700 0.800 0.600 0. rlw 0.300 0.200 n. 100 0.m 180
- --
r sin x
Table 42.-Values o f k in formula k=tan-l Z+r cos x
[Whenz is betwcen 1 W and 3M0, tabular values are negative]
- -
2 - - - -- - - --- T
I
- 0.0
-------
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.5
- 0.9
--
1.0
-
0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 360
10 0.00 0.90 1.60 2.30 a 85 3.33 3.75 4.12 445 4 73 5. MI 350
20 0.00 1.75 3.30 4.58 5.68 6.63 7.47 a 22 888 9.41 10.00 340
a0 0.00 2.63 4.87 0.78 8.45 9.90 11.17 1 2 30 13.30 14m 1500 330
40 0.00 3. 42 6.36 8.92 11.13 13.08 1 4 80 16.32 17.68 18.90 m.o 320
50 0.00 4. 12 7.73 10.00 13.70 16.17 18. 35 m. 30 '2203 23. 60 E00 310
60 0.00' 4.72 8.95 12.73 10.10 19.10 21.78 '24.18 as.33 28.27 30.00 300
70 9.00 5.20 9.98 14.33 ia 30 a1.87 a6.07 a7.95 80.66 3 1 IB il5.00 290
80 0; 00 5. I10.78 15.68 m. la 2.4 37 28.15 31.58 34.67 37.47 40.00 as0
90 0.00 6.71 11.31 16.70 21.80 26.67 30.96 34.99 38.66 41.M 46.00 270
100 0.00 5.72 11.63 17.83 22.95 28.33 33.42 38.12 4 2 45 46.4a so.00 260
110 0.00 5.65 11.41 17.43 23.53 29.56 35.35 40.85 45.98 60.70 65.00 250
IaCr 0.00 5.22 10.89 17.00 23.42 .% I.
00 36.58 43.00 49.10 54.78 60.00 2-40
130 0.00 4.68 9.97 15.90 2a. 4a 28.4.5 %
. 80 44. a7 51. 80 58.57 65.00 230
140 0.00 3. 98 am 14.05 m. 33 27. ba 35.52 44.13 63. oa 61.77 70.00 a#,
160 0.00 3.13 6.90 11.45 17.02 23.80 31.98 41.63 5 2 48 63.89 75.00 210
160 0.00 2 17 4.81 8.13 1 2 37 17.88 25.m 34.98 47.82 63.38 80.00 200
170 0.00 1.10 2.48 423 6.53 9.70 1428 21.37 a3.22 53.98 86.00 190
180 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. w 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 aoa 180
-
I__-_---
-
EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS USED IN THIS BOOK
Although the following list is fairly comprehensive, some of the
symbols given may a t times be used in the text to represent other
quantities not listed below, but such applicat,ion will be made clear
by the context.
(1) General symbol for a tidal constituent or its amplitude. It is some-
times written with a subscript to indicate the species of the constituent
(par. 52).
(2) General symbol with an identifying subscript for a constituent term
in the development of the lunar tide-producing force (par. 66).
(3) The particular tidal constituent being cleared by the elimination
process (par. 245).
(4) Azimuth of tide-producing body reckoned from the south through
the west (par. 80).
(5) Azimuth of horizontal component of force in any given direction
(par. 85).
(1) Speed or rate of change in argument of constituent A.
(2) Mean radius of earth.
(1) Tidal constituent following constituent A in a series.
(2) General symbol with an identifying subscript for a constituent term
in the development of the solar tidd-producing force (par. 117).
(3) General symbol for disturbing constituents .in elimination process
(par. 245).
Speed or rate of change in argument of constituent B.
(1) Mean constituent coefficient (par. 74). .
(2) General symbol for coefEcients of ,cosine terms in Fourier series (par.
187).
Reciprocal of mean value of l/d.
Reciprocal of mean value of l/dl.
Declination of moon or sun.
Distance from center of earth to center of moon.
Distance from center of earth. to center of sun.
(1) Mass of earth.
(2) Argument of tidal constituent (same as V+u).
Eccentricity of moons orbit.
Eccentricity of earths orbit.
Reduction factor, reciprocal of node factor f (par. 78).
Horizontal component of tide-producing force in azimuth A. When
numerals are annexed, the first digit (3 or 4) signifies the power of the
parallax of the moon or sun involved in the development and the second
digit (0, 1, 2, or 3) indicates the species of the terms included in the
group. Thus Fa represents t h a t part of the horizontal component in
azimuth A that comprises the long-period terms depending upon the
cube of the parallax.
South horizontal component of tide-producing force. (See F. for explana-
tion of annexed numerals.)
Vertical component of tide-producing force. (See F. for kxplanation of
annexed numerals.)
West. horizontal component of tide-producing force. (See F. for explana-
tion of annexed numerals.)
Node factor .(par. 77).
(1) Greenwich epoch or phase lag of a tidal constituent (par. 226).
(2) Gear ratio of pedicting machine (par. 396).
(1) Mean acceleration of gravity on earths surface.
(2) Modified epoch of tidal constituent, same as I .(par. 225).
Mean amplitude of a tidal constituent (par. 143).
311
312 U. 8. COAST AND GEODEWC STJRVEY
Adams, J. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page
1
Equilibrium argument- - _ - _ _
50,75,108,124, 157,204
__ _ - _ 22,
Airy, George B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1
Amplitude of constituent_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2,49 Equilibrium tide
__ _
Equilibrium theory- - - - - - - - _ _ - 28
______________ 28,38
Analysis of high and low waters-- - 100 Equinox ______________ 6
Analysis of monthly sea level- 98,114 _ Eudoxas,
I _ _
1
__________ Evection_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Aimlysis of observations 49 4
Analysis of tidal currents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 Explanation of tables ____________ 153
Anomalistic month, year _________ 4Explanation of tidal movement - _ - 2
Approximation, degree of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8Extreme equilibrium tide ____ ___ _ - _ - 33
Argument. (See Equilibrium argu- Extreme tide-producing force- _ _ 13
ment.) *
Astres fictifs_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 F
Astronomical data_ _ _ __ _- _
_3,153, 162
_
Astronomical day- - - - _ _ _ --: _ _ _ _ 3 Factor F. (See Reduction factor.)
Astronomical periods- _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 Factor f. (See Node factor.)
Astronomical tide_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Ferrel, William_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,127
Augmenting factors _ _ _ _ 71,91,157,228Forms for analysis of tides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104
Forms for predicting machine_-_ _ - 143
B Fourier series_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62
Basic factor .................... 24 Fourth power of moons parallax_- 34
J PRO0
Page
Predicting michine. (See Tide-
Julian calendar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - 4- - _ -predicting machine.)
Rediction of tidal currents
_ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _
147
K Prediction of tides _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ - - - 123
Kl and K , t i d e s _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44 Principal lunar constituents------- 21
Kelvin, Lord _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _1_, 126 _ _ _Principal
_ solar constituents- - _ - - _ _ 39
L R
Laplace _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1
Latitude _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 Record of observations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50
Latitude factors_ _ _ _ :-: .17,24, 154, 168 Reduction factor _ _ _ _ _ 25,111,156,186
Length of series_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51
Lesser lunar constituents- - - _ 11_ -
_ _ _
35
Lesser solar constituents- - - - - - _ 40 secondary stencils _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57,159,299
S
53
L.-tide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43,156,177,192 Sidereal day- i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3
_
Lunar constituents- _ _ - - _ _ _ -21,
Lunarday _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _35 Sidereal hour, month, year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
3
Lbnar hour _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4_ -Solar _ _ -day- _ _. _. _. ._. _. _. ._. _. -. _. _. ._. _. _. ._. _. _. _ _ _40_3 _
Lunar intersection-- - _ - - - - _ - - - - - - 6 Solar factor
Solar hour _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
Lunar node _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6,s So1,ar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39
Lunisolar tides_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 Southtides component, tide-producing
M force_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26,37
Species of constituent--- - - - - - - _ _ _ 16
Mean constituent coefficient -._ _ - _ 24 Speed of constituent_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3,23
Mean longitude _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ -7_ -Stationary - wave_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2
__
Meteorological tides- - - - - - - _ - _ - 46 Stencil sums _ _ _ _ :--- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107
Month, several kinds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Stencils_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53,106,158,268
Monthly ma-level analysis__--- 98, 114 Summarized forniulas:
Moons motion, equations_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 Equilibrium tjde _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33
Moons node_-, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6, E Lesser tide-producing,force_ _ _ 36
Moons parallax, 4th power_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 Principal tide-producing force- 33
M,-tide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41,156, 179, 191 Summrqtion for analysis- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52
Surface of equilibrium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30,32
N . Symbols used in book _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311
Node, lunar 6, E Synodical month _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
Node factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E Synodic periods of constituents--- 161,
Compound tides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 309
Constituent I<,-- - _ _ - _ _ _ _ - __ 4E T
Constituent I<._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4t T a b l e s _ _ - - - - - - - - _ - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - 162
Constituent Ls-- _ _ _ _ _ - - ____- 44 Explanation- _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 153 __
Constiti!ent MI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 4-:- - Terdiurnal constituents- - - - - - - _ - - 34
Lesser tide-producing force- - - 3f Thomson, Sir William_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 126
Predictions_-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _____ __
124 Tidal currents-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118,147
Table_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19! Tidal movement-_- - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ 2
Nodical month _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Tide- redicting machine_-__ - - - - - - 126
ldjustments_ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ -
Autoinstic stopping device- - - 135
__ _ _ _ 139
0
Obliquity factor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2! B a s e _ - _ - - - - - _ - - - - _ _ - - - - - - _ _127
Obliquity of eclipbic- - ___________ Constituent cranks- - - - - - _ _ _ - 130.
Obliquity of moons orbit_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(
( Constituent dials___ _ _ - - _ - _ - 131 -
Observaticmal data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5( Constituent pulleys--- - - - - _ _ - 132
Overtides_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4: Constituent sliding frames--- - 131
Datum of heights _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141
P Day dial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128
Dial hour- _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128
Period of conslituent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dimensions--- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - - - 127
~
:
Periods, astronomical- - - - - - - - _ - - - 16: Doubling gears_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132
Phase lag _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49,7! Forms u s e d ~ - _ - _ - _ - - - - - _ - - _143 _
. Phase of constituent _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _!_ _
Poor, Charles Lane_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
__
Gear speeds- - - - _ _ - _ _ - - - - _ 129
Gearing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128,160,307
Potential_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3( Graph scale ____________ - _ _ _ _ 137
Tide- redicting machine-Con. Page Tide- redicting machine-Con. Pago
%eight formula _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _126 _ - _ _ Ammation wheels ___________ 133
Height predictions ___________ 134 Tide curve _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _
__________________ _____
136
Height scale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134,141 Time dials 128
Height side_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 Time formula---: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126,132
High and low water marking Time prediction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135
device_------_-_-_-_----- 139 Time s i d e - _ _ - _ - - - - - - - _ _ - - - -128
Hour marking device_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 Verification of settings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142
Marigram gears_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137,141 Tide-producing force _____________ 10 .
_
Marigram scale- _ _ L _ - _ _ _ _ _ - 137 Tide-producin potential- _ _ __ ____ 31
Nonreversing ratchet ________ 136 Tropical montf, year _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4_
Operation of machine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142
PaDer- - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136.142 v .
24003741-21