APPLIED DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

Bachelor degree in Computer Science and Engineering

Academic Course: 20162017

Luis L. Bonilla & Sergei Iakunin

REVIEW PROBLEMS: first-order and second-order ODEs

1. Find the general solution of the following ODEs.

(a) (1 + t2 )y 0 + 4ty = (1 + t2 )2 .
(b) ty 0 y = t2 et , for t > 0 .

Then, study how each solution behaves as t +.

2. Find the solution of the initial value problem

y 0 + 1 y = 2 cos t
2
y(0) = 1 .

3. Consider the initial value problem

y 0 3 y = 3t + 2e t
2
y(0) = y .
0

Analyze the behavior of the solution as t + according to the value of y0 .

4. Let a > 0, > 0, and b be real numbers. Show that every solution of the ODE

y 0 + ay = bet

decays to zero as t + (hint: consider separately cases a = and a 6= ).

1
 5. Solve the following ODEs.
p
(a) xy 0 = 1 y 2 .

x2 + xy + y 2
(b) y 0 = .
x2
(c) (x + 3y) (x y)y 0 = 0 .

(d) y 0 = 2 (1 + x)(1 + y 2 ) , with y(0) = 0 (/2 < x < /2) .

(e) 2xy + (x2 1)y 0 = 0 .

xy 2 cos x sin x
(f) y 0 = , with y(0) = 2 .
y(1 x2 )

6. Solve the initial value problem

00 0 x
y y = xe

y(0) = 2

0
y (0) = 1 .

7. Find the general solution of y 00 + y = 2 sin x + sin(2x) .

8. Find a particular solution of y 00 2y 0 + y = e x by both the method of undetermined

coefficients and the method of variation of parameters.

9. Solve the following ODEs using the most suitable method.

(a) y 00 2y 0 + 2y = e 2x (cos x 3 sin x) .

(b) y 00 + y = cos2 x .
1
(c) y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = .
1 + ex

10. Use the Laplace transform to solve the given initial value problems.

(a) y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = 0 , y(0) = 1 , y 0 (0) = 0 .

(b) y 00 2y 0 + 2y = 0 , y(0) = 0 , y 0 (0) = 1 .

11. Express the solution of the following initial value problems in terms of a convolution
integral ( R and the function g(t) are assumed to be known).

2
 (a) y 00 + 2 y = g(t) , y(0) = 0 , y 0 (0) = 1 .
(b) y 00 + 4y 0 + 4y = g(t) , y(0) = 2 , y 0 (0) = 3 .

12. In each of the following problems:

(i) Draw a direction field and sketch a few trajectories.
(ii) Describe how the solutions behave as t .
(iii) Find the general solution of the system of equations.
(iv) Classify the critical point (0, 0) and draw the phase portrait.

(a)  
0 3 4
x = x,
2 3
(b)  
0 1 1
x = x,
1 2
(c)
32 1
 
0
x = x,
14 12
(d)
3 25
 
0
x = x.
52 2