Matlab Ung Dung Tap II 42650

TQN QUANG KHNH
N H X U T BN KHOA HC V K THUT
TRN QUANG KHNH
M a t la b
NG DNG
G i o t r n h d n g c h o n g n h i n
Tp II
NH XUT BN KHOA HC V K THUT

H N I -2 0 1 0
M U
Cng vi s ph t trin nhanh chng ca tin hc, M TLAB ang ngy cng
tr thnh m t cng c hu hiu tr gip c lc cho qu trnh nghin cu v hc
tp. Hin nay hu ht cc trng i hc danh ting trn th gii M 4 L A B c
coi l mt mn hc quan trng trong chng trnh o to cc h, cc ngnh
kh c nhau.
MA'TLAB l mt trong nhng h thng c son tho ht sc chu o,

mch lc vi vic p dng nhiu thut ton phong ph, c bit nh chnh tn ca
n - "M ATrix LABoralory", thut ton ma trn c coi l ht nhn quan trng
trong lp trnh MA TLAB. C php ngn ng ca chng trnh MA TLAB c thit
lp tinh t n mc ngi s dng khng c cm gic l ang tip xc vi cc
p h p lnh ph c tp ca m a trn. M a trn c p dng rng ri trong cc bi
ton k thut p hc tp nh h thong in lc, t ng ha, cc h thng c hc
ng, c hc tnh, thy kh V.V., v vy M ATLAB chinh l phn mm ht sc thun
tin v hiu qu oi vi cc lnh vc ny. Khng dng li , hin nay MA TLAB
vt ra ngoi gi i hn ca cc h thng ma trn v tr thnh mt h thng vn
nng kt hp (integration) cc mnh, p dng cho hu ht cc lnh vc khoa hc
k thut, sinh hc, h h c v.v.
C th ni M ATLAB l s kt hp c o ca cng ngh tin hc hin i

vi b s u v tp cc phcm g php tnh, c tch ly, c kt kinh nghim, k nng
qua hng nghn nm ph i trin ca ton hc. M ATLAB thu ht hng nghn chuyn
gia trong nhiu lnh vc tham gia p h t trin v hon thin, chinh v vy m lin tc
c nhng phin bn m i xut hin thay th cc phin bn c.
L m t h thng m, M ATLAB kt hp rt nhiu ph ng p h p tnh m c th

p dng thun tin cho bt k ngi s dng no. M ATLAB c c im linh hot
v d thch nghi, v vy cho d l ngi mi bt u hay l mt chuyn gia snh
si, vn c th c th s dng MA TLAB mt cch thoi mi v cun ht. MA TLAB
3
rt u i i vi ngi s dng, bn c th t to ra chng trnh ring cho
chuyn mn ca mnh v M ATLAB sn sng p ng. M ATLAB cho p h p tip cn
v p dng d dng cc hm c sn gii cc bi ton cn thit v ng thi c
th sng lo ra cc m.file m khi c lu v g i vi th tc ph hp, M ATLAB coi
n h l cc hm ca chnh h thng. iu cho p h p m rng kh nng v hn
ca MATLAB. cng chnh l u im ni bt ca M ATLAB m khng c
chng trnh no c c.
M ATLAB thc s l mt phcm g tin hu hiu, cho p h p nhn kh nng cua

con ngi trong lnh vc hc tp v nghin cu v ng dng khoa hc k thul ln
nhiu ln, nhng nc ta cn rt t ngi bit c iu . H in nay Vit
nam, mt s trng i hc k thut cng bt au a MA TLAB vo ging dy
v nghin cu, nhng mc p dng cn rt khim ton. M c d cc ti liu nc
ngoi v MA TLAB kh p h o n g ph, cc thng tin v MA TLAB c th d dng lm
thy trn cc trang Web, nhng cc ti liu bng ting Vit, c bit l cc gio
trnh M ATLAB cn rt ngho nn. Cun gio trnh ny c vit theo chng
trnh tin hc ng dng cho cc trng i hc k thut, vi m ong mun to iu
kin thun li cho qu trnh ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu trong cc trng
i hc, cao ng. Gio trnh bao hai phn: phn u gi i thiu cc ni dung c
bn ca MATLAB, bao gm 7 chng: Chirng I. K hi qut chung v M atlab;
Chng 2. Lp trnh trn M ATLAB; Chng 3. M a trn; Chang 4. X l s liu;
Chng 5. ha; Chng 6. Gii phng trnh v tnh ton ti u; Chcmg 7. Gii
ton cao cp. Phn hai s bao gm cc bi ton c th cho cc chuyn ngnh.
N i dung ca cc chng c trnh by ht sc ngn gn vi rt nhiu vi

d m inh ha, bn c c th t kim tra s nam bt ca mnh qua cc bi lp v
cu hi n tp. M c d ht sc c gang, nhng do trnh c hn, nn chc
chn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt m ong c bn c lng th v
mong nhn c nhng nhn xt, gp gio trnh ngy cng c hon
thin hn. Cc kin ca bn c xin c g i v a chi ca tc gi:
khanhta(cb.evu.edu. vn. hoc a chi ca nh xut bn: NX B K H & K T 70 Trn H im g
o, H Ni.
Tc gi
4
Chng 9
Gii mach
in

9.1. Cc ph oig php gii mch in
9. /. /. P lt n g p h p d n g i n n h n h
Xt s mch in (hnh 9 .la), lu chiu dng in gi nh trc trn s

, theo cc nh lut K irchhoff ta thit lp h phng trinh:
I,+I:+I,=0;
I i R ,-I2R 2=H,-E2; > (9.1)
I,R :-I3R3 = E,-E 3: J
fc E
X I3
12
Hnh 9 .1a. S mch in.
Biu th di dng ma trn:
I.z=u
5
1 1
Z=R , -R 2 0 (9.2)
0 R2 -R ,
0
u = E, - E j
e - e 3
Ma trn dng in chy trn cc nhnh:
I = U/Z (9.3)
Hay vit di dng chia tri:
I=z\u (9.4)
Trn c s ta xy dng chng trinh M A TLAB xc nh cc gi tr ca
ng in chy trn cc nhnh dy.
disp('(a) Phuong phap dong dien nhanh:');
R=[R,; R 2; R3]; % Ma tran dien tro nhanh
E =[E |; E2; E3]; % M a tran suat dien dong nguon
z = [ l 1 1; R (l) -R(2) 0; 0 R(2) -R(3);]; % Ma tran dien tro m ach vong
u=[0; E (l)-E (2); E(2)-E(3)]; % Ma tran dien ap
I=Z\U; % Dong dien tren cac nhanh
disp('Ket qua la:')
dispO II 12 13')
fprintf('% g'), d isp ([I(l), 1(2), 1(3)]);
(Luv : Phn gii thch trong chiig trnh (sau du %) c vit khng
du, cc kl qu hin th trn mn hnh c th hin bng ch nghing).
9 .1.2. P li n g p h p d n g i n v n g
Theo phng php dng in vng ta thit lp h phng trinh:
6
(R |+ R 2)IVI - R ,I ,2 - E |- E 2; '
-R ,IV, + (R2+R3)I,2 = E 2-E3; I (9.5)
I,= Ivl; I 2 = Iv2-Ivl; I , = -Iv3. _
Chng trnh MATLAB theo phng php dng in vng c th hin

nh sau:
dispC(b) Phuong phap dong dien vong:);
R = [R ,;R : ; R,];
E=[E,; E: ; E,];
Z=[R( 1)+R(2) -R(2); -R(2) R(2)+R(3)];
U=[E(1)-E(2); E(2)-E(3)];
Iv=Z\U; % Dong dien vong
11=Iv( 1); % Dong dien nhanh thu nhat
I2=Iv(2)-Iv(l); % Dong dien nhanh hai
I3=-Iv(2); % Dong dien nhanh ba
dispCKet qua la:')
dispC II 12 13')
fprintf('%g), disp([Il, 12,13])
Hinh 9.1.b. S mch in gii theo phng php

dng in vng.
7
9.1.3. P h n g p h p in t h n t
Theo phng php dng in vng ta thit lp h phng trnh:
Ii=(E|+UAB)-gi;
l2= (E2+U AB).g2; (9.6)
I3 = U AB-g3-
Trong :
,, - E , g | - E 2g , . (9.7)
AB . .
g| + 2 + S j
(9.8)
g' R ,
Chng trnh M ATLAB theo phng php in th nt c th hin nh

sau:
disp('(c) Phuong phap dien the nut:');
R = [R ,;R 2; R 3];
E=[E,; E2; E3];
g = l ,/R; % Ma tran die dn
Uab=(-E( 1)*g( 1)-E(2)*g(2))/sum (g); % Dien the nut ab
11=(U ab+E( 1))*g( 1);
I2=(Uab+E(2))*g(2);
I3=Uab*g(3);
disp(Ket qua la:')
dispC II 12 13')
fpnntf(% g'), d isp ([Il, 12,13])
9.1.4. P h n g p h p x p c h n g
Theo phng php xp chng, trc ht ta tch mch in thnh hai mch,
mi mch c cung cp bi mt ngun c lp, sau xc nli gi tr dnc in
ca cc nhnh ng vi tng s v cui cng tng hp li. Chng trnh
MATL.AB c th hin nh sau:
disp('(d) Phuong phap xep chong:');
R = [R ,;R :;R ,];
E=[E,; E,; E,];
Rtdl=R(2)*R(3)/(R(2)+R(3)); % Dien tro tuong duong nhanh 2 va nhanh 3
n 1=E( 1)/(R( 1)+Rtd 1); % Dong dien tren nhanh 1 tu nguon 1
112=11 l* R tdl/R (2); % Dong dien trennhanh 2 tu nguon 1
113=111 *R tdl/R (3); % Dong dien tren nhanh 3 tu nguon 1
R td2=R (l)*R (3)/(R (l)+R (3));
122=E(2)/(R(2)+Rtd2); % Dong dien tren nhanh 2 tu nguon 2
l21= I22*R td2/R (l); % Dong dien tren nhanh 1 tu nguon 2
123=122* Rtd2/R(3); % Dong dien tren nhanh 3 tu nguon 2
11=111-121; % Dong dien tren nhanh 1
I2=-112+122;
I3=-113-123;
dispCKet qua la:')
dispC II 12 13')
fprintf('%g'). d isp ([Il, 12, 13]);
9.1.5. G iiii m c h in b n g l n li c i tr c tro n g M A T L A B
Cc bi ton mch vi s trn c th gii vi mt lnh giam ach(E ,R ).

Mun vy. trc ht ta cn xy dng mt script v ct gi I1 dng 111.file:
function[I] = giaim ach(E.R)
/.=[1 ] 1; R( 1) -R(2) 0; 0 R(2) -R(3);]; % Ma tran dien tro mach vong
u=[0: H( 1)-E(2); E(2)-E(3)]; % Ma tran dien ap
9
dispCKet qua la:')
dispC II 12 13')
fprintf('%g'), disp([I(l), 1(2), 1(3)])
Sau khi hm c lu gi, M ATLAB s coi l hm ca minh, khi gii

bi ton tng t ta ch vic khai bo d liu v g tn hm g ia im a ch (E ,R ) l s
nhn c kt qu mong mun.
Vi d 9.1. Cho s mch in (hinh 9.2) vi cc ngun in mt chiu:
E, = 120V; E, = 119 V, cc in tr: R|=5 n ; R,=3 Q ; Rj=22 n .
Hy p dng chng trinh M ATLAB xc nh cc dng in chy trong

mch theo cc phng php:
Dng in nhnh;
Dng in vng;
in th nt;
xp chng v
Lnh giaim ach.
Hnh 9.2. S mch in vi d 9.1.
G i i: gii ton trc ht ta cn khai bo d kin bi ton, sau thc
hin cc lnh tnh ton ng vi cc phng php trinh by.
Tin nht y ta khai bo d kin di dng ma trn.
a) P hng p h p dng in nhnh;
clear
E=[120; 119; 0];
R=[5; 3; 22];
10
disp('(a) Phuong phap dong dien nhanh:');
z = [ l 1 1: R (l) -R(2) 0: 0 R(2) -R(3);]; % Ma tran dien tro mach vong
u=[0; E( 1)-E(2): E(2)-E(3)]; % Ma tran dien ap
dispCKet qua la:')
dispC II 12 13')
fprintf('%g'), d isp([I(l), 1(2), 1(3)]);
Sau khi chui lnh ng vi tng phng php c thc hin, trn mn hnh
xut hin dng kt qu tnh ton:
(u) Pliuong pliap dong dien nlianli:
Kt qua la:
11 12 13
2.0000 3.0000 -5.0000
Cc phng php klic cng c thc hin tng t vi kt qu nh sau:
(h) P h u o ngphap dong dien vong:
Ket qua III:
n 12 I
2.0000 3.0000 -5.0000
(c) Phtiong phap (lien the mil:
Kc t/iui la:
II 12 13
2.0000 3.0000 -5.0000
(tl) Phuong pluip xep cliong:
Kel qua la:
II 12 3
2.0000 3.0000 -5.0000

11
(e) Giai theo lenh m.file:
Ket qua la:
II 12 13
2.0000 3.0000 -5.0000
D dng nhn thy l kt qu ca cc phng php u ging nhau. Vic so

snh u, nhc im cc cc phng php y l khng cn thit, bi vi tt c
cc phng php u c gii rt nhanh. Tuy nhin, n gin v thun tin nht
vn l s dng lnh giaim ach c ci t trc.
9.1.6. G i i m c h i n v i c c th a m s p l t c
i vi mch in vi cc tham s phc, bi ton cng c gii tcmg t,

cc phng php gii khng c g khc bit, chi c iu lu l phn thc v phn
o phi c vit lin nhau (khng c du cch gia du cng). Ta xt bi ton ny
trn mt v d'c th sau:
V i d 9.2: Gii bi ton mch (hinh 9.3) vi cc tham s phc:
e,= 120+J82 V; e,= 1 1 9 + j7 8 V ;
Z | = 5 + j7 ,2 ; z 2 = 3 + j4 ,5 ; v z 3 = 22+) 18,7 2.
G ii:
Bi ton ny c gii vi cc chng trinh nh i vi mch bnh thng

theo cc phng php khc nhau. Ta p dng lnh giaim ach nh sau:
clear
E=[120+j*82, 119+j*78,0];
z=[5+j*7.2, 3+j*4.5, 22+j*19.7];

[I] = giaim ach(E,Z)
Kt qu hin th trn m n hinh:
/ =
1.9623-0.12481
12
2.4581 -0.5191
-4.4204 + 0.439
z,
Hinh 9.3. S mch in bi ton 9.2.
9.2. M ch in hnh sin
9.2.1. C c i l n g m c h i n h n h sin
Cc i lng mch in hnh sin c biu th di dng hm theo thi

gian:
- in p: u(t)= u mcos(dt+0u);
- Dng in: i(t)= In,cos(<jt+j);
- Cng sut: s(t)=u(t).i(t)=U1I,.cos(cot+11) cos(ut+().
Cc gc pha ca in p v dng in (0Uv 0j) c o bng , v vy

trc khi thc hin cc php ton cn i cc gc ny sang radian, vi M ATLAB
chi gii cc bi ton vi gc o bang radian.
V d 9.3. Hy xc nh dng in v cng sut ca mch in (hnh 9.4),

bit in p ngun u(t)= 220coscot v ph ti z= 2 ,37Z 400 Q. V th ca cc i
lng.
G ii: Chng trnh M ATLAB gii bi ton v d 9.3 c thit lp nh sau:
Um=220: tetau=0; % M odun v goc pha cua dien ap
z=2.37; gam=40; % M odun v goc pha cua dien tro phu tai
tetai=tetau-gam ; % Goc pha cua dong dien tinh theo do
tcta =(tetau-tetai)*pi/l 80; % Doi goc pha sang radian
13
Im=Um/Z; % Bien do dong dien j(t)
o ----------- - -------- 1
wt=0:.05:2*pi; % Khoang bien doi cua wt i
u(t)
u=Um*cos(wt); % Dien ap u(t) u
i=Im *cos(wt+tetai*pi/180);% Dng in i(t)
p = u .*i; % G ia tri tuc thoi cua cong suat Hinh 9.4. S mch in
vi d 9.3.
=U m /sqrt(2); Gia tri hieu ung cua dien ap
I=Im/sqrt(2); % Gia tri hieu dung cua dong dien
P=U *I*cos(teta) % Gia tri trung binh cua cong suat tac dung
Q=U *I*sin(teta) % Gia tri cong suat phan khang
S=P+j*Q % Bieu thi cong suat diri dang phuc
pr=P*(l+cos(2*(w t+tetau))); % Ham bien doi cong suat tac dung
px=Q *sin(2*(wt+tetau)); % Ham bien doi cua cong suat phan khang
pp=P*ones(l,length(w t)); % Gia tri trung binh cua cs phu thuoc vao w
xline= zeros(l, length(wt)); % Tao lap vetor zero
wt=180/pi*wt; % Doi goc radian ra do
subplot(2,2,l), plot(w t,v,w t,i,wt,xline), grid % Ve do thi
title('Dien ap va dong dien')
xlabel('wt, o'), ylabel('U, I , ')
subplot(2,2,2), plot(w t,p,w t,xline),grid
title('Cong suat toan phan')
xlabel('wt, do'), ylabel('S, VA')
subplot(2,2,3), plot(w t,pr), grid
title(Cong suat tac dung')
xlabel('wt, do'), ylabelCp, w ')
subplot(2,2,4), plot(w t,px),grid
14
titlef'Cong suat phan khang')
xlabel('wt, do'), ylabelfq, VAr')
K e t q u l :
p =
7.8221e+003
Q =
6.5635e+003
s=
7.822Ie+003 +6.5635e+003i
400
200
- 0
D
-200
-400
I
1.5
5 1
CL
0.5
0
0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400
wt, do wt, do
Hinh 9.5. th cc tham s ca mch in v d 9.3.
V d 9.4. Ngun in xoay chiu u(t) = u,sin((t+4'u), tn s 50 Hz c

ni vi in tr R = I0 Q v cun dy L = 16 mH, in tr shun RS1,=0,1 Q (hnh
15
9.6). Hy xc nh cc gi tr hiu dng ca in p U rl, Cc thnh phn U r v U L.
V th ca cc i lng ny.
G ii: Trc ht ta vit chng trinh

MATLAB
R = 10; Rsh = 0.1; Ish= l; f=50;

L=16*10A-3;
t=0:0.0001:0.04; Hnh 9.6. S mch in bi

ton v d 9.4.
omeg=2*pi*f; % Bieu thi gia tri cua omega
X=omeg*L; % Bieu thi gia tri cua dien fro khang
Ushr=Ish*R; % Do roi dien ap tren dien tro shun
U shx - Ish*X; % Do roi dien ap en dien tro X
UR=Ushr/sqrt(2); % Gia i hieu dung cua dien ap tren phan tu dien tro R
UL=Ushx/sqrt(2); % Gia tri hieu dung cua dien ap tren phan tu cam khang
URL=UR*sqrt(2); % Mo dun dien ap tong
U shRL=Ushr*sqrt(2); % M odun dien ap tren dien tro shun
uR=Ushr*sin(omeg*t); % Ham bien thien cua dien ap tren phan tu R
uL= U shx*sin(om eg*t+pi/2); % Ham bien thien cua dien ap tren phan tu L
phi=atan(U shx / Ushr);
uRL=U shRL*sin(om eg*t+phi); % Ham bien thien cua dien ap tren phan tu
R&L
format bank
disp(Ket qua la:')
dispO UR Ul U rl')
fprintf('% g'), disp([UR, UL, URL])
plot(t,uR, t,uL, t.uRL), grid
xlabel('t'), ylabe!('U, V')
16
title('Do thi dien ap')
K et qua la:
UR UL URL
7.07 3.55 10.00
D o th i die n ap
Hinh 9.7. Biu in p bi ton v d 9.4.
Cc i lng tnh ton:
y u = arctg( L/ R) = 71/4 (v T=0)
URi=UmRLsin(cot+vFu),
uR= U mRsin(cot);
uL=U,Lsin(tt+7u/2),
Vi d 9.5: Cho mch in hnh 9.8 v ngun in p hinh sin tn s 50 Hz:

u=U msin((Ot) V. Hy xc nh cc gi tr hiu dng ca in p v dng in chy
trong mch, bit U,=141V; R=50 Q v c = 86,54 nF. V th bin thin ca
in p.
2.M ATLAB... /2-A

G ii:
Gi tr in tr dung khng xc nh theo biu thc:
x' <>(' c
in tr ton phn
z =J 7 x !
M odun dng in o- -*
Hnh 9.8. S mch in v d 9.5.
Gi tr tc thi ca dng in v in p:
i = L s m c o t + lF .)
L
Ur = U mRsin(cot + Yi)
Uc = UnlCsin((0 t + V
F, - n/2)
Ta vit chng trnh M ATLAB nh sau:

Hnh 9.9. Biu vect in p
U m = 1 4 1 ; f=50; R = 40; c = 86.54; v d 9.5.
t=0:0.001:0.02; % Cho t bien thien
om ega = 2*pi*f;
X =10A6/(pi*2*50*C); % Dien tro dung khang
Z =sqrt(R A2+X A2);
Im=Um/Z;
UmR=Im*R;
Um C = Im*X;
phi = atan(-X/R);
i=Im *sin(om ega*t+phi); % Gia tri tuc thoi cua dong dien
ur=Um R*sin(om ega*t+phi); % Gia tri tuc thoi cua dien ap Ur
uc=U m C*sin(om ega*t+phi-pi/2); % Gia tri tuc thoi cua dien ap Uc
18
? KU :. AR /7.R
I = Im/sqrt(2); % Gia tri hieu dung cua dong dien
Ur = UmR/sqrt(2); % Gia tr hieu dung cua dien ap
Uc =UmC/sqrt(2); format bank
disp('ICet qua la:')
dispC I Ur Uc')
fprintf('%g'), disp([I, Ur, Uc])
plot(t,ur,t,uc)
xlabel('t'); ylabe]('I,U')
grid
Ket qua la:
I Ur Uc
1.83 73.39 67.49
Hinh 9.10. th in p vi d 9.5.
Vi d 9.6. Hy xc nh gi tr dng in v cng sut tc dng trn u vo

mng hai cc hnh 9.11, bit in p trn u vo l u = 12 V, cc gi tr in dn
tc dng v phn khng tng ng l : G = 0,013 1 /n v B=0,020 1/Q.
19
G ii: o
Xc nh gi tr in dn: T
u G B
) =
Gi tr dng in:
I = UY
o- Hnh 9.11. S mch in
v d 9.6.
Cng sut c xc nh theo biu thc:
/> -< / c o s t p - /
Chng trinh M ATLAB c thc hin lnh nh sau:
u = 12; G=0.013; B = 0.020;

Y = sqrt(GA2+BA2);
I=U*Y;
P=U*I*U/Y;
disp('I,A p, W )
fprintf('%g'), disp([I, P])
Ket qu l:
I,A p, w
0.29 1729.00
V i d 9.7: Gi tr hiu dng ca in p trn u vo mch in hnh 9.12 l

U = 1 12Z2 V. Hy xc nh cc gi tr hiu dng ca dng in chy trong mch,
bit c = 85 nF, R=65Q, L = 180 mH, tn s f = 50 Hz.
G ii:
y l bi ton vi mch in kinh in gm cc phn t tc dng, dung

khng v cm khng. Trc ht ta cn biu th cc gi tr in tr ca cc phn t:
G)=27rf; X L= 0 )L; X c= l/(u C ), sau mch in c gii theo cc phng

php thng thng nh xt (xem V d 9.1).
Chng trnh M ATLAB c th hin nh sau:

20
U=112*exp(j*2); C=85*10A-6; R = 65; L = 180*10A-3; f=50;
omeg=2*pi*f; % Bieu thi gia tri cua omega
XL=omeg*L;
X c=l/(om eg*C);
Z l= -j*Xc;
Z2 = R;
Z3 = j* X L ;
E=[ u , 0, 0];
Z = [Z 1,Z 2, Z3];
[[] = giaimach(E,Z)
ATc/ </a la:
1=
-2.277 + 3.2I09 Hinh 9.12. S mch in v d 9.7.
2.5669 - 0.2603
0.2992 + 2.9505i
Vi d 9.8: C hai ngun in ei = 220Z-7 V v e2= 2lOZO,5 V c ni vi

nhau qua in tr Z =l,2+ j9,5 Q (hnh 9.13). Hy xc nh cng sut cung cp
hoc nhn bi cc ngun v v th bin i ca chng theo s bin i ca gc
pha in p ngun 1.
G ii:
in p c biu th nh sau:
u = e.(cosS+jsin);
Gi tr dnt! in chy trong mch:

|U , |/ b l - |U J Z & , IU, I
Cng sut truyn ti
21
s , 2 = u , i ; 2 = | , | Z 6 , [ = ^ J z h - 6 , ) - ^ Z h - 6 2)
|Z | |Z |
Ta vit chng trnh cho M ATLAB nh sau:
e 1=220; a l = -3; e2 = 210; a2 = 0.5; R=1.2; x = 9 .5 ;
Z=R+j*X; % Dien tro duong day
al= (-2 0 + al :5:20+al)'; % Cho goc a l bien thien tu -20 den 20
alr= al* p i/1 8 0 ; % Doi goc a l sang radian
k=length(a 1); % Kich thuoc cua day a l (so phan tu)
a2=ones(k,l)*a2; % Tao mang voi do dai cua a2
a2r=ones*pi/180; % Chuyen doi do ra radian
U l= e l* c o s(a lr)+ j* e l.* sin (a lr);
U 2=e2*cos(a2r)+j*e2.*sin(a2r);
I12=(U1-U2)./Z; 121112;
S l= U l.* co n j(I1 2 ); P l= rea l(S l); Q l= im ag (S l);
S2=U2.*conj(I21); P2=real(S2); Q2=im ag(S2);
SL=S1+S2; PL=real(SL); QL=imag(SL);
format bank % Hai chu so thp phan
dispC Delta 1 Pl,w P2 PL')

Z=R+jX
Ketqua = [al, P I, P2, PL]
disp('Ketqua')
p lo t( a l,P l,a l,P 2 ,a l,P L )
xlabel('Goc pha a l'), ylabel('P, W')
grid; Hnh 9.13. S mch in

v d 9.8.
22
Ketqua =
Delta 1 P I, w P2 PL
-23.00 -1865.89 1971.75 105.86
-19.00 -1496.69 1563.88 67.19
-13.00 -1111.27 1149.50 37.23
-9.00 -712.58 729.78 16.20
-3.00 -303.64 307.90 4.25
2.00 112.43 -110.93 1.49
7.00 532.46 -524.53 7.93
12.00 953.26 -929.74 23.53
17.00 1371.63 -1323.48 49.15

p, w
Hinh 9.14. Biu cng sut v d 9.8.
23
V d 9.9: Hy xc nh gi tr dng in chy trong mch hnh 9.15, bit:
e(t) = 12sin(cot) V; R = 62 kQ; c = 0.075 nF; z = 13.5 +j28 k . f = 50 Hz.
M odun ca in p l Em=12 V.
G ii:
Trc ht ta xc nh in tr trn cc on:
XI = X3 = - jl/((C ); R
Bin i tam gic vi cc cnh Z1=X C|, Z2=R, Z3=X C3 thnh hnh sao:
R -X
Z12 = ^ ; 2 1 3 = X c i'X ; Z 23 =
d d d
Vi: d = Xa +R + X c 3 ;
Ta nhn c s mi hnh 9.16.
Z1=Z12; Z2 = Z13+R/2; Z3 = Z23+Z.
Chng trinh M ATLAB c th hin nh sau:
U m = 12; f=50;
R = 62; c = 0.075 *10A-6;
Z - 13.5 +j*28;
om eg = 2*pi*f;
Xc= - l/(om eg*C);

z;
d=2*Xc+R; ------------
Z12=Xc*R/d;
Z13 = 2*'Xc/d;
Z23 = R*Xc/d;
Z3 = Z23+Z;
E=[ Um, 0, 0];

Hnh 9.15. S mch in vi d 9.9.
Z=[Z1, Z2, Z3];
24
[I] = giaimach(E.Z);
Im = abs(I);
theta = angle(I);
Kt qua nhn c l:
Im =
0.2334
0.1507
0.0917
llieta =
-0.084 Hnh 9.16. S bin i mch in

v d 9.9
-3.0151
-0.4349
Tc l ta tim irc cc gi tr tc thi ca dng in chy trong mch l:
i = 0,2334sin(cflt - 0,0841), mA
1| = 0,1507sin(mt - 3,0151), mA
i -1 = 0 ,0 9 1 7sin((0t - 0 ,4 3 4 9 ), mA.
9.2.2. M c h i n x o a y c h i u ba p h a i x n g
Cc i lng ca mch in ba pha i xng c biu th dui dng:
- in p:
u = \/2 | u p|cos(*ot + 0)
u b = V 2 |U p|cos(uJt + 0U- 1 2 0 ) (9.9)
u = V l u |cos(u!t + 0u 240)
- Dng in:
ia = > /2 lp|cos(oJt + 0 ,)
25
i b = V 2 |lp|cos(ijJt H- 9j 120) (9.10)
i = V 2 |l p|c o s(u jt + 0 . - 2 4 0 )
- Cng sut:
Pip = 3 | U P|.|I F|.COS0 Qjp = 3 |u p|.|lp|.sir (9.11)
:3 U plp (9.12)
I* - lin hp phc ca dng in pha.
Bi ton xc nh cc i lng trong mch in ba pha i xng c th

c gii theo hai phng php: Theo nh lut K irchhoff hoc theo phng php
phn tch cc thnh phn i xng.
1) P h ng p h p nh lut K ir c h h o ff
i vi mch in ba pha, nh lut K irchhoff 2 c biu th di dng ma

trn:
1
1
N
0 X | U l|Z h / 6
3
0 ( Z .- Z J -(ZS- Z J h = | U L| Z n / 6 (9.13)
1 1 1 ,K 0
Trong :
Zs - in tr ni tip ca mch in;
z m- in tr h cm gia cc pha;
I Ib, Ic - dng in cc pha;
U L- in p dy
Hoc di dng ngn gn:
7 I abc= IT
Ump
T : r um
26
2) P h ng p h p p h n tch cc tlinli phn i x n g
Cc thnh phn in p th t khng, th t thun v th t nghch c xc

nh theo biu thc:
y o u = Z 0I2J (9.14)
Trong :
u 012 = (9.15)
Ma trn in tr:
o
II / - /m
II I)
(9.16)
Gi tr dng in th t khng, th t thun v th t nghch c xc nh

theo biu thc:
I0'2 = z' u (9.17)
Gi tr dng in cc pha:
I 1 1 r fin
1 2 rl
Ih 1 a a Vd (9.18)
Ic 1 a a 2 l;
Trong a l ton t quay: a = 1Z1200, a 2 = 1Z2400, a3= l.
Vi d 9.10: Mch in ba pha hnh 9.17 vi ngun in i xng in p

U=380V cung cp cho hai ph ti: ph ti th nht mc theo hnh sao in tr ca
mi pha l Zs = 25+j40 fi; ph ti th hai mc theo hnh tam gic, in tr mi pha
l Z,=50-j35 Q. in tr ca ng dy l z d= 3+j5 n .
27
Hy xc nh:
a) Dng in, cng sut tc dng v cng sut plin khng cp n t ngun;
b) in p dy ti u vo ca ph ti hn hp;
c) Dng in pha ca mi ph ti;
d) Cng sut tc dng v phn khng ca ti v ng dy.
G ii: Chng trinh cho M ATLAB c th hin nh sau:
clear all
u=380; Zd=3+j*5;
Ztg=50-j*35; % Dien fro cua phu tai tam giac
Zs=25+j*46; % Dien fro cua phu tai sao
7 2 = Ztg/3; % Dien tro mot pha cua phu tai tam giac
U l= U /sqrt(3); % Dien ap pha
z = Zd+(Z2*Zs)/(Z2+Zs); % Tong tro
I=U1/Z; % Dong dien chay tren day dan
S=3*U l*conj(I); % Cong suat ba pha
28
dU=Zd*I; % Ton that dien ap tu nguon den cac diem tai
U2=U 1-dU; % Dien ap tren dau vao phu tai
a30=30*pi/l 80; % Chuyen doi goc 30 do ra radian
U2d = sqrt(3)*exp(j*a30)*U2; % Dien ap day o cuoi phu tai
Is = U2/Zs; % Dong dien pha cua phu tai sao
Itg = U2/Z2; % Dong dien pha cua phu tai tarn giac
lab = Itg/(sqrt(3)* exp(j*a30)); % Dong dien chay ong cuon day tam giac
Sl=3*U 2*conj(Is); % Cong suat phu tai sao
S2=3*U2*conj(Itg); % Cong suat phu tai tam giac
dS = 3*Zd*IA2; % Ton that cong suat tren duong day
Ssum = s 1+S2+dS; % Tong cong suat tu nguon
dispC I, A s , VA U2, V Is ftg lab SI S2 ds

Ssum')
Kq = [I.S,U 2,Is,Itg,Iab,Sl,S2,dS,Ssum ]
K e t q u a l:
I, A s, VA U2, V Is Itg lab SI S2 ds Ssum
9.87 6493.87 189.55 0.90 9.96 5.45 1037.33 4579.86 949.27 6566.47
Vi l 9.11. M ng in ba pha i xng 220 V (hnh 9.18), in tr mi pha

Zs=2+j5,2 Q, in tr h cm gia cc pha z m= j3,2 n . in tr dy trung tnh
z=3+j*6,4. Hy xc nh dng in chy trong cc pha:
G ii: Chng trinh M ATLAB c th hin nh sau:
a=-0.5+j*0.866;
Zs=2+j*5.2; Zm=j*3.20;
Ua=220; Ul=Ua*sqrt(3);
Z n = 3 + j* 6 .4 ;
Z=[Zs+Zn Zm+ZnZm +Zn
29
Zm+Zn Zs+Zn Zm+Zn
Zm+Zn Zm+Zn Zs+Zn];
u = [U1 Ul*aA2 Ul*a];

y=inv(Z);
Iabc=y*U';
Iabcp=[abs(Iabc), angle(Iabc)* 180/pi];
dispC I, A goc, do ')
fprintf('%g'), disp([abs(Iabc), angle(Iabc)* 180/pi])
Kt qu l:
z s= 2+j5,2 n
I, A goc, do
134.7201 -45.0000
134.7169 74.9992
134.7199 -165.0014
V i d 9.12: Ngun in ba pha i xng 120 V (hnh 9.19) cung cp cho ph

ti u theo hnh sao, trung tnh cch ly. Mi pha c in tr Z s=2,3+j0,8 Q, in
tr h cm gia cc pha z m= j2 ,4 Q. Hy xc nh dng in chy trn cc pha
theo phng php:
nh lut Kirchhoff;
Phn tch cc thnh phn i xng.
G ii:
a) G ii m ch in theo nh lut K irchhoff
p dung nh lut K irchhoff ta c h phng trnh:

Z SI, + Z mIb - Z sIb - Z J , = u a - u b = | l |Z tt / 6 ;
Z SI. + z J c - Z sIc - Z,Ib = u b - u c = |UL|Z - TV/ 6;
V: Ia + Ib + Ic = 0
Zs
u. o- ----1 -fYYY~':
u o - -CZRvrYX
uc o- 3L __ I
Hnh 9.19. S mch in v d 9.12.
Biu th di dng ma trn:
V
_N
3 _N
1
1
N
1 1
N N
0 |U l |Z tt/ 6 '
N
-(Z S- Z J = | L|Z i / 6
0
h
1 1 1 1
. .
0
Hoc di dng ngn gn:
z,cr bc= u me
T : Iabc =
Chng trnh Matlab c vit nh sau:
clear
Zs=2.3+j*0.8; Zm=j*2.4; Ua=120; UL=sqrt(3)*Ua'
Z=[(Zs-Zm ) -(Zs-Zm) 0; 0 (Zs-Zm) -(Zs-Zm); 1 1 1];
disp('(a) Phuong phap DL K irchhoff:);
=[U L*cos(pi/6)+j*UL*sin(pi/6), UL*cos(-pi/2)+j*UL*sin(-pi/2); 0] ;
Y=inv(Z);
Iabc=Y*U;
dispC Iabcp, A ')
31
fprintf('%g'), disp([Iabcp])
Kt qu nhn c l:
(a) Phuong php DL Kirchhoff:
Iabcp
42.8298 34.8245
42.8298 -85.1755
42.8298 154.8245
b) p dng ph ng php phn tch cc thnh phn i xim g
Chng trinh MATLAB son tho theo phng php phn tch cc thnh
phn i xng c th hin nh sau:
dispC(b) Phuong phap cac thanh phan doi xung:');
Z012=[Zs+2*Zm 0 0;
0 Zs-Zm 0;
0 0 Zs-Zm];
U012=[0; Ua; 0];
1012=inv(Z012 )*U 012;
a= cos(2*pi/3)+j*sin(2*pi/3); % Toan tu quay
A = [l 1 1; 1 aA2 a; 1 a aA2];
Iabc=A*I012;
dispC Iabcp, A ')
fprintf('%g'), disp([Iabcp]);
Kt qu nhn c l:
(b) Phuong phap cac thanh phan doi xung:
Iabcp =
42.8298 34.8245
42.8298 -85.1755
42.8298 154.8245
Nh vy ta thy kt qu nhn c theo hai phng php hon ton khng

c s khc bit no.
9.2.3. M cli in b a p h a k h n g i x n g
Trong bi ton gii mch in ba pha khng i xng chng ta c th s

dng mt s lnh c sn trong Power system toolbox ca MATLAB nh la b csc ;
abc2sc; recpol; sc2abc phn tch v tng hp cc thnh phn i xng ca
in tr, in p v dng din. (Lu l chi cc phin bn MATLAB c bn
quyn mi c cc lnh ny). Ta xt phng php gii mch in ba pha khng i
xng qua v d c th sau:
Vi d 9.13 Cho mch in khng i xng (hnh 9.20), vi in p cc pha:
1 8 0 /3 0 Zs
u abc = 1 1 0 / - 120 u, o
7 6 Z 1 15
u b o-
Ph ti cc pha l Zs= l,8+ j3 0 v
in tr' tng h gia cc pha l
Z,=j3,2fi. Hy xc nh: Hnh 9.20. S mch in v d 9.13.
(a) Ma trn in tr ca ph ti Zol2=A'Z abcA;
(b) Cc thnh phn i xng ca in p;
(c) Cc thnh phn i xng ca dng in;
(d) Dng in pha ca ph ti;
(e) Cng sut ton phn cung cp cho ph ti di dng cc thnh phn i
xng;
( 0 Cng sut ton phn cung cp cho ph ti di dng cng sut theo tng
pha.
33
3.M ATLAB... /2-A

G ii: Chng trnh M ATLAB c thit lp nh sau:
clear
% Ma tran dien ap
Uabc= [180, 30
110,-120
76, 115];
% Ma tran dien fro
Z abc= [1.8+ j*3,j*3.2,j*3.2
j*3.2, 1.8+j*3, j*3.2
j* 3 .2 ,j* 3 .2 , 1.8+j*3];
% Cac thanh phan doi xung cua dien tro
z o 12=zabc2sc(Zabc)
% Cac thanh phan doi xung cua dien ap
u o 12=abc2sc(Uabc);
u o 12p=rec2pol(U 012)
% Cac thanh phan doi xung cua dong dien
I012=inv(Z012)*U012;
1012p=rec2pol(I012)
Iabc=sc2abc(I012);
Iabcp=rec2pol(Iabc)
% Cong suat theo thanh phan doi xung
S3ph_sc=3*(U 012.')*conj(I012)
Uabcr=U abc(:, l).*(cos(pi/180*U abc(:, 2))+j*sin(p/180*Uabc(:,2)));
% Cong suat theo tung pha
S3ph=(U abcr.')*conj(Iabc)
3.M A I_AB /2 .0
Kt qu th hin trn mn hnh l:
100
0
50 1r -100
-100 0 100 -100 0 100
Posilne-sequencesel Negalive-sequence.sel
JO 100
0 -(
DO V/ -100
-100 0 100 -100 0 100
a)
Zeroequancelet
90
0
-50
- Y '
-50 0 so -50 0 50
Posilne-sequeocesel NBOaliv-oquonceiB(
50 50
0
-50 -50
-50 0 50 -50 0 50
Hnh 9.21. Biu vector cc thnh phn i xng ca in p (a)

v ca dng in (b) v d 9.13.
Z012 =
1.8000 + 9.40001 -0.0000 -0.0000 - O.OOOOi
-0.0000 - O.OOOOi 1.8000-0.20001 -0.0000 - O.OOOOi
-0.0000 + O.OOOOi 0 - O.OOOOi 1.8000 - 0.2000
U012p =
31.2264 42.7726
117.2078 13.7165
45.2318 65.0254
35
1012p =
3.2627 -36.3871
64.7172 20.0567
24.9751 71.3656
Iabcp =
83.8286 31.6000
77.9482-115.0741
36.9455 145.6041
S3ph sc =
2.6043e+004 -2.5870e+003i
S3ph =
2.6043e+004 -2.5870e+003i
9.3. Tnh ton qu trnh qu trong m ch in hnh sin

Qu trnh qu trong mch in xy ra khi ng m cc tip im. Bi ton
phn tch qu trnh qu trong mch in c th thc hin bng nhiu phng
php khc nhau nh phng php kinh in, phng php ton t, phng php
m phng v.v.
9.3.1. P h n g p li p k in h in
Phng php kinh in tnh ton qu trnh qu c bt u bang vic

thit lp cc phng trnh trng thi mch sau khi ng ct theo cc nh lut
Kirchhoff. N eu d liu cho trc l sut in ng (s), thi cc bin cn tim l
cc dng in trong cc nhnh. Phng trnh vi phn ca mch c dng:
X as ^ r = t'K( t).
S -0
s hng t do fk c cha s ca cc ngun.
36
Vic gii cc phng trinh vi phn c th p dng cc lnh trong MATLAB
nh: ode45, ode23, o d e ll3 , odel5s, ode23s, ode23t,... (xem mc 7.6.2.7 chng
7). C php giai phng trnh vi phn bng cc lnh ode l:
[t, y] = ode***(f, ts, yO )
Trong :
ode*** l tn ca cc lnh nu trn;
f - hm biu th v phi ca phng trnh;
ts - khong thi gian t thi im u (to n thi im xt tc);
yO - iu kin ban u.
9.3.2. P h n g p h p to n t
Ni dung c bn ca phng php ton t l nguyn hm bin s thc t c

thay the bi bin phc, gi l nh. Ket qu dn n s thay th phng trnh vi
phn bang phng trnh i s. Nghim ca cc phng trnh i s ny nhn c
di dng nh. Sau s thc hin php chuyn i ngc. Trong M ATLAB vic
chuyn i xui c thc hin bi lnh laplace v bin i ngc - bi lnh
ilaplace trong Symbolic Math Toolbox (xem mc 7.6.3 chig 7).
9.3.3. P h n g p h p m p h n g S im u lin k
gii phng trinh vi phn bng s m phng Simulink, trc ht cn

xy dng s m phng gm cc khi chc nng (Xem mc 8.3 chng 8). Gn
cc tham s cn thit cho cc khi theo d' kin u bi. Sau khi hon tt vic
xy dng SO' , ni lin kt cc khi chc nng v cho Simulink khi ng bng
cch kch v lnh S ta rt trong menu Sim iation. Kt qu nhn c di dng
th do khi Scope cung cp. Chng ta xt v d c th sau:
Vi d 9.14. Cho mch in RLC vi cc tham s L=2 Henri; R = l,2 9. ;

c= 0 ,5 Fara. Bit thi im ban u dng in Il(0)=0 v in p ti t
UC(0)=0,3V, in p ngun E=1,5V. Hy xc nh v v th dng in trong
mch trong khoang thi gian 15s k t khi ng cng tc theo cc phng php:
37
K inh in;
T on t Laplace;
M phng Simulink.
G ii: Bi ton c th gii theo ba phng php:
a) Phng php kinh in
Trc ht ta vit phng trinh cho mch:

Uc
R.i + L
At + ucc = E >
dt
t Xi=Uc v x2 = i;
Khi : / Y Y \ _____ J
X Hnh 9.22. S mch in v d 9.14.
x ', =
c
x '2 = 1 (E - x, - R . x 2)
e tin cho vic p dng lnh ode, ta thit lp mt scrip dng:
function xdot = m qdo(t,x);
E = 1.5; R =1.2; L = 2; c = 0.5;
xdot = [x (2 )/c ; 1/L*( E - x( 1) - R * x (2 )) ];
Sau khi scrip ny c ct gi trong m .file ta thc hin cc lnh:
t0= 0; tc =15; % khoang thoi gian
x 0 - [0 .3 , 0 ]; % D ieu k ien b a n dau
ts = [to, tc];
[t,x] = ode45('m qdo', ts, xO);
plot(t,x( :,2)), grid
title('Bieu do bien thien cua dong dien trong qua trinh qua do')
38
xlabelft, sec'), ylabel('I,A')
Kt qu nhn c th bin i ca dng in v in p qua t nh hnh

9.23a sau:
Bieu do bien thien cua dong dien trong qua trinh qua do
Hnh 9.23a. th bin thin ca dng in qu theo

phng php kinh in.
b) P hng p h p ton t
Trc ht ta vit phng trnh mch in di dng ton t:
R . I ( p ) + p L . I ( p ) + ^ - - I ( p ) = - + L - i (0 +) - M U ;
p -C n pn
Chng trinh M ATLAB: 1/pC
clear
E = 1.5; R =1.2; L = 2;
c = 0.5; uc=0; io=0;

p=sym (p');
Hinh 9.22b. S ton t mch in
V d 9.14.
39
Z=R +p*L+l/(p*C);
U=(E+uc)/p+L*io;
I=z\u
It=ilaplace(I)
Bieu do bien thien cua dong dien trong qua trinh qua do
Hnh 9.23b. th bin thin ca dng in qu theo

phng php ton t.
Ket qu nhn c l:
/ = 3/(2*p*(2*p + 2/p + 6/5))
It=(15 *91^(1/2) *sin((91 y i / 2 ) *t)/l 0 ))/(l 82 *exp((3 *1)/10))
v th bin thin ca dng in, ta thc hin cc lnh sau:
t= 0:0.1:15:
It = 43.09.*sin(0.954.*t)./(182.*exp(0.3.*t)); % D ong dien bien thien theo t
plot(t,It), grid
xlabel('t, sec); ylabel(I, A)
title('Bieu do bien thien cua dong dien ong qua trinh qua do')
Kt qu nhn c th hnh 9.23b.
c) Phng php simulink:
Ta vit ti phng trnh vi phn
R.i + L + L.i(0+) + u c (t) = E - u c (0 +)

dt
i =c %
dt
t X |= U C v x2 = i
Khi : X
1 c
X', = ^ - ( E - u c(0+) - X | - R x 2)
Thay s vo ta c h phng trinh vi phn:
X | = 2 .X 2
x2=-0,5xr 0,6x2+0,6
Trc ht ta thit lp s m phng simulink trn c s cc phng trnh

vi phn. Qu trnh xy dng c thc hin theo cc bc sau:
I. u tin ta gp cc khi chc nng t th vin ngun Sources Library th

sang ca s son thao, c to ra trirc bng lnh File/New/M odel khi Step
Input, m th vin Linear Library v gap khi Sum th vo v tr pha phi khi
Step Input. M hp hi thoi Sum bng cch kch p vo biu tng v g cc
du + bn di danh mc tin hiu list o f signs to ba u vo. Gap khi cc
Intergrator v Gain t th vin Linear Librarv, khi Scope t th vin Sink Library
v tha vo ca s son tho. e to ra cc khi Intergrator, Gain v Scope th hai
ta dng lnh copy.
41
2. Sp xp li v tri cc khi cho ph hp bng cch n chut tri vo biu
tng khi, gi nguyn v di n v tri cn thit.
3. Ni lin kt cc khi bng cch nhp chut tri vo u ra ca khi v di

m i tn ca chut (gi nguyn ng thi nhn phm ) ten u vo cn ni.
4. in gi cc tham s vo cc khi bng cch nhn p chut tri vo

tm khi hin th hp hi thoi vo d liu: i vi khi Step Input ta vo gi
tr Step time l 100; initial value l 0.6 v final value l 0.6; i vi khi Gain ta
vo gi tr gain l 0.5, i vi khi G ainl l 0.6, cn i vi khi Constant t gi
tr const value l 2. Ta i ten Scope 1 v Scope 2 thnh u(t) v i(t) cho tin theo
di. N h vy l s m phng hon thnh (hinh 9.24).
Gain
Hnh 9.24. S m phng Simulink tnh ton qu trinh

qu mch in.
42
Trc khi cho chng trnh chy ta cn t cc tham s m phng bng cch
kch vo menu Simulation, chn Configuration Parameters, khi s xut hin
mt hp hi thoi (hnh 9. 25), ta t cc gi tr: Start time l 0 v Stop time l 15,
Step Size l 0.01, cn cc tham s khc th mc nh, sau n Ok c
chp nhn v ng hp hi thoi. By gi cho chng trnh chy bng cch nhp
vo menu Simulation v chn Start (hoc kch vo biu tng Start ca ca s lm
vic). hin th kt qu ta nhp p vo khi i(t). Ket qu nhn c th bin
thin ca dng in i(t) th hin trn hnh 9.25.
Hnh 9.25. Kt qu tnh ton qu trinh qu theo phng php

m phng Simulink.
So snh cc kt qu nhn c theo ba phng php gii chng ta thy

khng c s sai s ng k. Vic la chn phng php gii ty thuc vo s
trng ca ngi gii.
9.4. Bi tp
B i tp 9.1. Cho mch in mt chiu (hnh 9.26) vi cc tham s:
43
E, = 100V; E3 = 90 V, cc in tr:
R |= 12 f i ; R2=21 Q ; R3=25 Q.
H y p dng chng trnh M ATLAB xc jnh cc gi tr dng in chy

trong mch
Hnh 9.26. S o mch in bi tp 9.1 v 9.2.
B i tp 9.2: Gii bi ton v d 9.1 vi cc tham s phc:
e,= 142+J68 V; e3= 176+ jl37 V .
z, = 12+j27; z 2 =9,8+jl4,6; v z 3 = 8,3+j 17,5 2.

B i tp 9.3. Hy xc nh dng in v cng sut ca mch in (hinh 9.27),
bit in p ngun u(t)= 120cos>t v ph ti Z =3,75Z 52 Q. V th ca cc i
lng.
Hnh 9.27. S mch in Hnh 9.28. S mch in bi ton

bi tp 9.3. bi tp 9.4.
44
B i tp 9.4: Ngun in xoay chiu u(t) = U,sin(G)t+lI/11), tn s 50 Hz c
ni vi in tr R = 5,6 Q v cun dy L = 22,3 mH,in tr shun Rsh= 0 ,15 Q
(hinh 9.28). Hy xc nh cc gi tr hiu dng ca in p U rl, Cc thnh phn
U r v U L. V th ca cc i lng ny.
Bi lp 9.5: Cho mch in hnh 9.29 0I___

vi ngun in p hnh sin tn s 50 Hz: Ur uc
u=Umsin(cot) V. Hv xc nh cc gi tr hiu
dng ca in p v dng in chy trong I
mch, bit u ,=250; R = 1 5 ,6 f 2 v C = 116,42
|iF. V th bin thin ca in p. Hmh a g 1^ 011 l?n
B i tp 9.6. H y xc nh gi tr dng in v cng sut tc dng trn u

vo mng hai cc hnh 9.30, bit in p trn u vo l u = 24 V, cc gi tr in
dn tc dng v phn khng tng ng l : G = 0,018 1/Q v B = 0,022 l/Q .
t 1
u
Hnh 9.30. So> mch in bi tp 9.6.
Vi d 9.7: Gi tr hiu dng ca in

p trn u vo mch in hnh 9.31 l
IJ=220Z32 V. Hy xc nh cc gi tr hiu
dng ca dng in chy trong mch, bit
c = 115 (xF, R=3,5Q, L = 210 mH, tn s
f= 5 0 H z .
Hnh 9.31. S mch in
bi tp 9.7.
B i tp 9.8: C hai ngun in ei = 240Z -12 V v e2= 220Z 3.5 V c ni

vi nhau qua in tr z = 0,82 +j3,53 Q (hnh 9.32). Hy xc nh cng sut cung
cp hoc nhn bi cc ngun v v th bin i ca chng theo s bin i ca
gc pha in p ngun I t -30 - 30 .
Z = R -jX
Hnh 9.32. S mch in bi tp 9.8.
B i tp 9.9: Hy xc nh gi tr dng in chy trong mch hnh 9.33. bit:

e(t) = 12sin(iot) V : R = 48 k i: c = 0.0825 nF: z = 8.25 +j24.6 k n . f = 50Hz.
M odun ca in p l Em=25 V.
V i d 9.10: M ch in ba pha hnh 9.34 vi naun in i xng in p

U =380Y cung cp cho hai ph ti: ph ti th nht mc theo hinh sao in tr ca
mi pha l Zs = 15+j34 Q : ph ti th hai mc theo hinh tam gic, in tr mi pha
l Z:g=30-j22 Q. in tr ca na dy l Z j= 2.3+j5.8 Q. H y xc nh:
a) Dng in, cna sut tc dns v cna sut phn khng cp n t neun:
b) in p dv ti au vo ca ph ti hn hp:
c) D ne in pha ca mi ph ti:
46
d) Cng sut tc dng v phn khng ca ti v ng dy.
B i lp 9.11. M ng in ba pha i xng in p pha 220 V (hnh 9.35), in

tr' mi pha Zs= l,6+ j4,3 , in tr h cm gia cc pha z m= j4,15 Q. in tr
dy trung tnh z=2,5+j*3,9. Hy xc nh dng in chy trong cc pha:
Zs
Bi tp 9.12. N gun in ba pha i xng 127 V (hnh 9.36) cung cp cho

ph ti u theo hnh sao, trung tnh cch ly. Mi pha c in tr z s= 3,6+ jl,3 Q,
in tr h cm gia cc pha z,= j2 ,4 Q. Hy xc nh dng in chy trn cc
pha theo phng php:
a. nh lut Kirchhoff;
b. Phn tch cc thnh phn i xng.

47
u.
ub o-
uc o _
0 H
|_pnrrv
f
B i lp 9.13 Cho mch in (hnh 9.36), vi in p khng i xng:
210Z10
u,b= 130Z -1400
97/125
Ph ti cc pha l z s= 3,6+jl,3 Q , v in tr tng h gia cc pha l

Zm=j2,4 ) . Hy xc nh:
(a) Ma trn in tr ca ph ti Z0!2= A ''Z abcA.
(b) Cc thnh phn i xng ca in p.
(c) Cc thnh phn i xng ca dng in.
(d) Dng in pha ca ph ti.
(e) Cng sut ton phn cung cp cho ph ti di dng cc thnh phn i
xng
(f) Cng sut ton phn cung cp cho ph ti di dng cng sut theo tng
pha.
B i 9.14. Cho mch in RLC (hinh 9.37) vi cc tham s L=1.25 Henri;

R=0.86 ; c= 1 .5 Fara. Hy xc nh v v th dng in trong mch v in p
trn t, biu th mi quan h gia in p t v dng in trong khong thi eian
15s k t khi ng cng tc. Bit thi im ban u dng in IL(0)=0 v in p
ti t UC(0)=0,5V, in p ngun US=2,4V .
M t s chng trnh c bn c sn p dng trong chng 9:
giaim ach - dng gii cc mch in n gin;

Uc
zabc2sc; abc2sc; rec2pol; sc2abc; - dng phn tch v tng hp cc thnh

phn i xng;
ode dng gii phng trinh vi phn, tnh ton qu trnh qu trong mch
in;
laplace v ilaplace dng chuyn i hm nguyn mu thnh nh v ngc

li, tnh ton qu trnh qu trong mcli in.
S im u lin k dng gii bi ton theo phng php m phng.
49
4.M ATLAB... /2-A

C h n g 10
Tnh ton ph ti in
10.1. Bi ton xc nh ph ti
Ph ti tnh ton c xc nh theo cc phng php khc nhau, ty theo
nhm thit b v cc d kin ban u:
Theo phng php h s ng thi, cng sut tnh ton c xc nh theo

biu thc:
p = k l p , ( 10 . 1)
1= 1
Trong :
pi - cng sut nh mc ca thit b in th i;
kj, - h s ng thi, ph thuc vo s lng thit b tiu th in

trong mng. H s ng thi c th xc nh hoc tra trong bng
tnh sn.
Theo phng php h so nhu cu ph ti tnh ton c xc nh theo biu

thc:
P=kcEp.. ( 10.2)
knc - h s nhu cu c th tra trong bng hoc tnh ton, nu c s

liu cn thit.
H s nhu cu c xc nh ph thuc vo h s s dng ca nhm thit b

in:
51
V = k 4 - 1~ k jg - (10.3)
nc sd + r '
v n hd
Trong :
ksE h s s dng tng hp ca nhm thit b;
nhd - s lng hiu dng ca nhm thit b in.
Trong MATLAB vic tra bng c thc hin vi s tr gip ca hm

in terp (xem mc 4.3 chovg 4). Vic tng hp ph ti gia cc nhm c thc
hin theo nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: phng php s gia, h s nhu cu
hoc phng php h s tham gia vo cc i. Cc d kin ban u ca bi ton
xc nh ph ti thng c biu th di dng ma trn nh sau:
Ma trn ph ti sinh hot gm 3 ct: ct th nht l s lng h gia inh (n),

ct th hai l sut tiu th trung bnh ca mi h (p0, kW ) v ct th ba l h s
cng sut trung binh (COS0). Ma n d liu ph ti sn xut c s ct bng s
lng thit bj ng lc vi ba dng: dng u l d liu cng sut nh mc ca
thit b (P, kW ), dng th hai l h s s dng ca thit b (ks<i) v dng th ba l
h s cng sut trung bnh ca thit b. Neu khng cho trc cc h s s dng, thi
ma trn ny chi cn li hai dng. Chng ta xt mt s bi ton c th:
V i d 10.1. M t khu chung c gm n=75 h gia nh, cng sut tiu th

trung bnh ca mi h l p0= l,2 5 k w (khng dng bp in), coscp = 0,9; Ph ti
ng lc gm cc ng c v sinh k thut vi cng sut nh mc tng ng l:
Pdi, kW 10 7,5 5,6 4,5 2,8
COSp 0,76 0 ,8 0,78 0,83 0,82
Hy xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo hai phng php:
Phng php s gia;
Phng php h s nhu cu;
Bng chng trinh m .le
G ii: Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm sinh hot c xc nh theo biu thc:
52
p 5h = kd.n.po;
y h s ng thi k* s c xc nh bng cch tra bng ph thuc vo

s h n.
Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm thit b v sinh k thut c xc nh theo biu

thc:
Pd. = k P - ;
i=l
H s nhu cu kc trong trng hp ny cng s c xc nh bng cch tra

bng ph thuc vo s lng thit b v sinh k thut nvs.
Ph ti tng hp ca c hai nhm c th c xc nh theo hai phng

php:
* Phng php s gia: P 1 = PSh+k;Pdi
k = ( Ik ) - _ 0 ,4 1
5
* Phng php h s nhu cu: P,t2 = kc.(PSh+Pi)
Trn CO' s cc thut gii va trnh by, chng trnh M ATLAB c son
thao tng ng vi phng php tnh ton la chn. Vic u tin cn thc hin l
thit lp cc ma trn d liu, sau s thc hin cc lnh thch hp tnh ton
theo cc phng php tng ng.
% Xac dinh phu tai tinh toan
SH=[75 1.25 0.9]; % Ma tran phu tai sinh hoat
DL=[10 7.5 5.6 4.5 2.8; % Ma tran phu tai dong luc
0.76 0.80 0.78 0.83 0.82]; % He so cong suat cua phu tai dong luc
n = [l 2 5 10 20 35 50 100 200 300 400];
kdtd=[l 0.79 0.61 0.52 0.46 0.42 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.33];
kdtkd=[l 0.72 0.55 0.47 0.41 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.29];
kdtsh= interpl(n,kdtkd,S H (l)); % He so dong thoi ung voi so luong ho
53
nvs=[2 3 5 8 10 15 20 30 50];
knc=[l 0.9 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.63 0.6 0.55];
k n c v s= in te rp l(n v s,k n c ,len g th (n v s)); % H e so n h u c au cu a p hu tai d.luc
Psh= kdtsh*SH (l)* SH(2); % Cong suat tinh toan phu tai sinh hoat
Pdl=kncvs*sum (D L(l,:)); % Cong suat tinh toan phu tai dong luc
% Ap dung phuong phap so gia
ksh=((Psh/5)A0.04)-0.41;
kdl=((Pdl/5)A0.04)-0.41;
if Psh > Pdl
p = Psh+kdl*Pdl;
else
p = Pdl+ksh*Psh;
end
c o fid l= s u m ( D L ( lD L ( 2 ,:)) /s u m ( D L (l,:) );
cofitb=(Psh* SH (3)+Pdl*cofidl)/(Psh+Pdl);
S=P/cofitb;
Q =sqrt(SA2-PA2);
format bank
disp('a) Ket qua tinh toan theo p.p so gia:)
dispC Psh, kW Pdl p s, kVA Q,kVAr')
fprmtf('%g'), disp([Psh,Pdl,P,S,Q ]);
Ket qu hin th n mn hnh nh sau:
a) K et qua tinh toan theo p .p so gia:
Psh.kW Pdl p s, kVA Q, kVAr
31.87 22.04 46.23 54.08 28.06
54
b) Phomg php h s nhu cu
% Ap dung phuong phap he so nhu cau
DL=[10 7.5 5.6 4.5 2.8; % M a tran phu tai dong luc
0.76 0.80 0.78 0.83 0.82];
n = [l 2 5 10 20 35 50 100 200 300 400];
kdtd=[l 0.79 0.61 0.52 0.46 0.42 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.33];
kdtkd=[ 1 0.72 0.55 0.47 0.41 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.29];
kdtsh=interp 1(n,kdtkd,SH(:, 1));
Pdli=[10 7.5 5.6 4.5 2.8];
cof =[0.76 0.80 0.78 0.83 0.82];
nvs=[2 3 5 8 10 15 20 30 50];
knc=[l 0.9 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.63 0.6 0.55];
kncvs=interpl(nvs,knc,length(nvs)); % He so nhu cau cua phu tai d.luc
Psh= kdtsh*SH (:,l)*SH (:,2); % Cong suat tinh toan phu tai sinh hoat
Pdl=kncvs*sum (D L(l,:)); % Cong suat tinh toan phu tai dong luc
nh=[2 4 6 10];
kncn=[0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6];
kncc=interpl(nh,kncn,2);
P=kncc*(Psh+Pdl);
cofidl=sum (D L(l,:).* DL(2,:))/sum (D L(l,:));
coftb=(Psh* SH(:,3)+Pdl*cofidl)/(Psh+Pdl);
S=P/cofitb;
Q=sqrt(SA2-PA2);
55
format bank
disp(t>) Ket qua tinh toan theo p.p he so nhu cau:')
dispC Psh, k w Pdl p s , kVA Q ,kV A r)
fprintf('%g'), disp([Psh,Pdl,P,S,Q])
Ket qu hin th trn mn hnh nh sau:
b) Ket qua tinh toan theo p.p he so nhu cau:
Psh, k w Pdl p s , kVA Q, kV A r
31.87 22.04 48.52 56.77 210.46
So snh kt qu tnh ton ca hai phng php ta thy sai s khng ng k.
c) Gii bi ton bng chng trnh m.file.
Chng trnh tinh ton ph ti c son thnh mt scrip v ct gia trong

power system toolbox. Khi tnh ton ph ti ta chi cn khai bo cc tham s vo v
gi tn hm, khi kt qu s xut hin trn mn hnh. Bi ton xc nh ph ti
vi s tr gip ca hm m.file c thc hin nh sau:
DL=[10 7-5 5.6 4.5 2.8; % Cong suat phu tai dong luc
0.76 0.80 0.78 0.83 0.82]; % He so cong suat phu tai dong luc
% Theo p p so gia
[Psh,Pdl,P,S,Q] = ttptppsogia(SH.DL);
Ket qua tinh loan theo p .p so gia:
Psh, kW P d p s, kVA Q, kVAr
31.87 22.04 46.23 54.08 28.06
% Theo p p h e so n h u cau
[Psh,Pdl,P,S,Q] = ttptpphsnhucau(SH,DL);
K et qua tinh loan theo p .p he so nhu cau:
Psh, kW Pdl p s, kVA Q, kVAr

31.87 22.04 48.52 56.77 210.46
Ta nhn thy cc phng php tnh ton khc nhau u cho kt qu xp si,
tuy nhin, khi thc hin cc bi ton ln, nn p dng cc hm c sn trong
toolbox, iu cho php tit kim thi gian lp trnh v trnh c nhng nhm
ln khng ng c.
Vi d 10.2. Hy xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca mt phn xng sn xut gm

c 6 thit b tiu th in vi cc tham s ca thit b nh sau:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Pit, kW 12.5 22 30 36 45 63
ksdi 0,47 0,53 0,61 0,52 0,48 0,60
cos<p 0,79 0,81 0,78 0,83 0,68 0,76
G ii: Trnh t tnh ton ph ti c tin hnh theo cc bc:
- Xc nh h s s dng tng hp ca nhm thit b:
pA*
k sd 11
i=l
- Xc nh h s nhu cu l:
k = | . I z i S j g
Kc sd T r
V n hd
xc nh s lng hiu dng nhd cn phi da vo t s gia cng sut

ca cc thit b ln nht v nh nht trong nhm v tra bng xc nh iu kin p
dng biu thc tnh ton.
- Xc nh cng sut tnh ton: p = kncZPni
- Xc nh h s cng sut trung bnh.
- Xc nh cng sut biu kin v cng sut phn khng:
S=P/cos4>-, Q=p.tg>
57
Chng trnh M ATLAB c son tho nh sau:
D L = [ 1 2 .5 22 30 36 45 6 3 ;% C o n g s u a t
0.47 0.53 0.61 0.52 0.48 0.6; % He so su dung
0.79 0.81 0.78 0.83 0.68 0 . 7 6 ] ; % He so cosfi
ksdt=sum (D L(l,:).* D L (2,:))/sum (D L (l,:)); % He so su dung tong hop
ksdth=[0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8];
kb=[3 3.5 4 5 6.5 8 10];
kb 1=interp 1(ksdth,kb,ksdt);
nl= len g th (D L (l,:)); % So luong thiet bi cua phan xuong
kb0=m ax(DL( 1,:))/min(DL( 1
i f n l > 4 & k b 0< k b l;
nhd = n l;
else
nhd= sum (D L (l,:)).A2/sum (D L (l,:).A2); % So luong hieu dung
end
k n c = k s t+ (l-k sd t)/sq rt(n h d ); % H e so n h u c au
P=knc*sum (D L (l,:)); % Cong suat tac dung tinh toan
cofitb=sum (D L(l,:).* D L (3,:))/sum (D L (l,:)); % He so cosfi tong hop
S=P/cofitb;
Q=sqrt(SA2-PA2);
disp('K et qua la:')
dispC s , kV A p, k w Q, kV A r cofitb')
fpnntf('% g'), disp([S,P,Q , cofitb])
Ket qua la:
s, kVAP, kw Q, kV A r cofitb
58
1910.4749 152.5528 128.5218 0.7648
Bi ton ny c th gii bng lnh p tp xu o n g trong power system toolbox nh

sau:
DL=[l2.5 22 30 36 45 63; % Cong suat
0.47 0.53 0.61 0.52 0.48 0.6; % He so su dung
0.79 0.81 0.78 0.83 0.68 0.76]; % He so cos
[S,P,Q,cofitb] = ptpxuong(DL);
Ket qua la:
S. kVAP. kW Q, kV A r cofitb
1910.4749 152.5528 128.5218 0.7648
D dng nhn thay kt qu ca hai phng php hon ton ging nhau, vic
p dng hm c sn trong toolbox l ht sc tin li v nhanh chng. Hm
p tp xu o n g s c p dng ht sc hiu qu i vi cc bi ton phc tp nh xc
nh ph ti tnh ton ca nh my vi nhiu phn xng, m chng ta xt v d
sau y.
Vi d 10.3. Hy xc nh ph ti tnh ton cho mt x nghip gm 3 phn xng

sn xut vi cc thit b ng lc c cc tham s cho trong bng vd.10.3 sau:
Bng vd.10.3. D kin bi ton Vi d 10.3
PX T.s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pnl kW 1,2 1,8 2,8 3,5 7,5 10

1 ksd 0,56 0,72 0,52 0,68 0,51 0,46
COS(p 0,72 0,84 0,71 0,8 0,73 0,72

p n; kW 2,8 3,5 6,5 7,5 10 13 16
2 ksd 0,82 0,56 0,48 0,55 0,73 0,62 0,61
COS(p 0,83 0,72 0,69 0,75 0,8 0,72 0,71
pn; kW 0,8 1,2 1,8 2,2 2,5 2,8 * 3,5 4,6
3 ksd 0,81 0,55 0,67 0,45 0,68 0,8 0,57 0,63
COScp 0.85 0,73 0,77 0,67 0,79 0,87 0,7 0,81
59
G ii: Ph ti tnh ton ca tng phn xng c xc nh tng t nh v
d 10.2. Ph ti tng hp ca ton nh my c xc nh theo phng php h s
nhu cu chung. Chng trnh M ATLAB c son tho cho bi ton ny nh sau:
clear
DL1 ==[1.2 1.8 2.8 3.5 7.5 10;
0.56 0.72 0.52 0.68 0.51 0.46;
0.72 0.84 0.71 0.8 0.73 0.72];

CN
Q
=[2.8 3.5 6.5 7.5 10 13 16;
0.82 0.56 0.48 0.55 0.73 0.62 0.61;
0.83 0.72 0.69 0.75 0.8 0.72 0.71];
DL3==[0.8 1.2 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.5 4.6 5.5;
0.81 0.55 0.67 0.45 0.68 0.8 0.57 0.63 0.54;
0.85 0.73 0.77 0.67 0.79 0.87 0.7 0.81 0.69];
dispCPhan xuong 1:')
[S 1,p 1,Q 1,cofitb 1] = ptpxuong(D L 1);
disp('Phan xuong 2:')
[S2,P2,Q2,coftb2] = ptpxuong(DL2);
disp('Phan xuong 3:')
[S3,P3,Q3,cofitb3] = ptpxuong(DL3);
cofitong= (P l*coftbl+P 2*coftb2+ P 3*cofitb3)/(P l+P 2+P 3);
nh=[2 4 6 10];
kncn=[0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6];
kncc=interp 1(nh,kncn,3);
Ptt=kncc*(Pl+P2+P3);
Stt=Ptt/cofitong;
Qtt=sqrt(SttA2-PttA2);
dispCTong phu tai tinh toan')
dispO Stt, kVA Ptt, k w Qtt, kVAr cosfitong')
fprintf('%g'), disp([Stt,Ptt,Qtt,coftong]);
Ket qu hin th trn mn hnh l:
Phan xuong 1:
s, kVA P. k w Q, kVAr cofitb
27.75 20.54 18.65 0.74
Phan xuong 2:
s, kVA p, k w Q, kVAr cofitb
61.36 45.19 41.51 0.74
Phan xuong 3:
s. kVA p, kW Q, kVAr cofitb
25.06 18.92 16.43 0.75
Tong phu tai tinh toan
Stt, kVAPtt. k w Qtt, kVAr cosfitong
97.03 71.95 65.10 0.74
Nh vy c th thy vic tnh ton ph ti vi s tr gip ca cc chng

trinh M ATLAB ht sc thun tin v nhanh chng.
10.2. X y dng biu ph ti

Cc biu ph ti c th c xy dng bi hai lnh c bn l stairs v
barcycle. Lnh stairs c gi t chng trnh ha ca M ATLAB, cn lnh
barcycle thi c gi t pow er system toolbox. Nhn chung v mc n gin v
thun tin, thi cc hai lnh ny u tng ng nhau. Tuy nhin, nu xt chi li ra,
th cch vo d liu theo lnh barcycle c v cng knh hn mt cht.
Vi d 10.4. S liu o m trn thanh ci m bin p trong mt ngy m

sau mi 2h c cho trong bng;
61
t 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
P,kW 8.1 6.7 7,8 11.3 13,5 20,5 16.2 18.9 21.6 24,3 21.6 16.2
Hy xy dng th ph ti v xc nh cc tham s ca th theo phng

php:
Bang lnh stairs,
Bng lnh barcycle
G ii: Ta thc hin bi ton ny theo hai phng php nu:
a) X y dng biu ph ti bang lnh stairs
Chng trinh MATLAB c son tho xy dng biu ph ti theo

lnh stais nh sau :
clear
t=0:2:23;
p=[8.1 6.7 7.8 11.3 13.5 20.5 16.2 18.9 21.6 24.3 21.6 16.2];
stairs(t,P).grid
xlabel('t, h'); ylabel('P, kW')
title('Bieu do phu tai ngay')
A=sum(P*2);
Ptb=A/24;
kdk=Ptb/max(P);
Tm=A/max(P);
to=sum (P.A2*2)/(m ax(P)A2);
dispC A. kW h Ptb. k\v kdk Tm, h to. h')
fpnntf('% g'). disp([A.Ptb.kk.Tm .to])
Kt qu hin th trn m n hnh l biu ph ti hnh 10.1 v cc tham s

tnh ton gm:
A. kWh Ptb, kW kdk Tm, h to, h
373.4000 15.5583 0.6403 15.3663 11.2016
B ieu do phu tai ngay
b) X y dng biu ph ti bng lnh barcyce
xy dng biu ph ti bng lnh barcycle, trc ht cn thit lp ma

trn d liu ph ti data, gm ba ct: ct th nht l thi im u, ct th hai l
thi im cui-v ct th ba l gi tr ph ti trung bnh trong khong thi gian
va nu. Chng trnh M ATLAB c son tho nh sau:
clar
data=[0 2 8.1
2 4 6.7
4 6 7.8
6 8 11.3
63
8 10 13.5
10 12 20.5
12 14 16.2
14 16 18.9
16 18 21.6
18 20 24.3
20 22 21.6
22 23 16.2
23 24 8.1];
p = data(:,3)
D t= d a ta (:,2 )-d a ta (:, 1);
W=P'*Dt;
Pav=W /sum(Dt);
Peak=max(P)
LF=Pav/Peak* 100
barcycle(data). gnd
xlabel('t, h'), ylabel('P, kW ')
title('Bieu do phu tai ngy')
Kt qu nhn c biu ph ti ging ht hinh 10.1. Lu l cc phng

php trn y chi cho php xy dng cc biu ph ti hng ngy vi s liu
c x l. Trong thc t, c c biu ph ti in hnh ca mt c s sn
xut, mt nh m y hoc mt trm bin p no , th cn phi thu thp thng tin v
ph ti trong nhiu ngy (ph thuc vo kch thc m u t tin cy thch
hp), sau tin hnh x l s liu (xem chng 4) nhn c cc kt qu cn
thit cho vic xy dng biu ph ti.
64
10.3. D bo ph ti
M hnh d bo ph ti c xc nh trn c s cc s liu thng k v s
tiu th in chui thi gian qu kh theo thut ton xc nh hm tng quan
hi quy (xem chng 4). Cc hm tng quan hi quy dng a thc c xc nh
vi s tr gip c a ch n g trn h p o lyfit , m cho ph p nhn c cc h s a th c.
C th c nhiu s la chn cho m hnh d bo, mt trong cc tiu ch quan trng
la chn m hnh d bo l sai s d bo nh nht. Cc m hnh d bo ph ti
thng dng thng l hm tuyn tnh, parabol hoc hm m. Chng trnh polyval
cho php nhn c cc gi tr ph ti ng vi thi gian d bo. Chng ta s xt
bi ton ny trn v d c th sau:
Vi d 10.5: s liu v ph ti in ca mt khu vc thng k trong 7 nm

qu kh c th hin trong bng dlvd 10.5. Hy xy dng m hnh d bo ph ti
dng parabol v xc nh ph ti d bo trong giai on n nm th 11:
Bng dlvd 10.5. s liu v cng sut tiu th trong cc nm qu kh
Nm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
p, kW 1168 1236 1336 1472 1659 1892 2130
Gii: xy dng hm d bo dng parabol, chng trinh M ATLAB c

son tho nh sau :
t= [l 2 3 4 5 6 7];
p = [l 168 1236 1336 1472 1659 1892 2130];
c=polyfit(t,P,2)
format bank
plot(t,P),grid
xlabel('t, nam'), ylabel(P, kW '), titleCHam du bao phu tai')
Kt qu l:
c =
110.25 7.46 1 1 4 1.29
5.MATLAB ... /2-A

N h vy hm d bo c dng:
p ,= 1 9 ,2 5 r+ 7 ,4 6 t+ 1 1 4 1 ,2 9 kW.
H am du bao phu tai

p, kW
Hnh 10.2: M hnh d bo dng parabol v d 10.5
Vic xc nh gi tr ph ti d bo giai on t nm th 7 -- 11 c thc

hin vi s tr gip ca hm p o ly v a l :
t=7:ll;
P=polyval(c,t)
disp('K et qua la:')
dispC nam 7 8 9 10 11')
fprintf('%g'), disp([P])
K et qua la:
5.MATLAB /2-B
nam 7 8 9 10 11
2136.79 2433.00 2767.71 3140.93 3552.64
V d 10.6: T n g in n n g tiu th tro n g lnh v c sinh hot v ch iu sng

c a V it N am tro n g 10 nm gn y l:
t 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
A, GWh 10986 12651 14333 15953 17655 19831 22120 23925 24250 26880
H y xy d n g h m d b o v n h gi sai s theo m hnh:
a) T u y n tnh;
b) Parabol.
Gii:
a) X y d \m g hm d bo theo m hnh tuyn tnh
Ta thc hin chui lnh sau:
t= 1:10;
A=[ 10986 12651 14333 15953 17655 19831 22120 23925 26160
28380];
f = polyft(t. A, 1)
Ket qu nhn c l:
/=
I.Oe+003 *
8.5412
Nh vy hm d b o c dng:
A ,= 1937.9 t + 8541,2 GWh.
% nh gi sai s ta th c hin cc lnh:
err = norm (polyval (f, t ) - A); % Sai so
XX 1:10;
67
Hinh 10.3: M hnh d bo dng tuyn tnh.
y l = 1937.10.*xx+8541.2;
% Biu th khong tin cy
[f, s , q] = p o ly fit(t, A , 1); % G oi lai h a m tu o n g quan
[yy, delta] = polyval (f, XX, s, q); % Sai so

plot(t, A : 'o', XX, y l, 'r XX, [yl - delta; y l + delta]', 'r
xlabel('t, nam 1), ylabel('A. GW h')
grid;
legend('Du lieu', 'Ham hoi quy bac nhat.', 'Sai so.', 1)
th d liu v hm d bo c th hin trn hnh 10.2.
% Sai s c xc nh vi chui lnh:
ssb= (A -yl).A2;
er=sqrt(sum (ssb)./size(t))*100/m ean(A); % Sai so tuong doi
68
ert= er(l)
Ket qu nhn c
erl =
5.5379
N h vy sai s gia d liu v hm d bo l 5,5379 %.
b) X y drng hm d bo theo m hnh parabol
Bi ton c tin hnh vi cc bc tng t nh trn vi cc lnh:
t= 1:10;
A=[ 10986 12651 14333 15953 17655 19831 22120 23925 26160
28380];
f = polyft(t, A, 2)
Ket qu nhn c:
/ =
1.0e+003 *
0.0432 1.4630 10.4910
Niur vy hm d bo c dng:
A, = 43,2t- + 1463 t + 9491 GWh.
nh gi sai s ta thc hin cc lnh:
err = norm (polyval (f, t ) - A); % Sai so
x x = 1:10;
y2 = 43.2.*XX.A2+1463.*XX+9491;
[f, s, q] = polyfit(t, A, 2); % Goi lai ham tuong quan

[y2, delta] = polyval (f, XX, s , q); % Sai so
plot(t. A, 'o', XX, y2, 'r XX, [y2 - delta; y2 + delta]', 'r
xlabel('t, nam'), ylabel('A, GW h')
grid;
69
legend('Du lieu', 'Ham hoi quy bac hai., 'Sai so.', 2)
ssb=(A-y2).A2;
er=sqrt(sum (ssb)./size(t))*100/mean(A); % Sai so tuong doi
ert= er(l)
K it qu l:
ert =
1.9934
N h vy sai s tng i m hnh parabol l gn 2%, nh hn nhiu so

vi m hinh tuyn tnh l 5,5379 %.
th d liu v hm d bo dng parabol c th hin trn hnh 10.4.
Hnh 10.4: M hinh d bo dng parabol.
10.4. Bi tp
B i tp 10.1. Mt khu chung c gm n=158 h gia inh, cng sut tiu th

trung bnh ca mi h l p0= l,6 2 k W (khng dng bp in), cos = 0.92: Ph ti
ng lc gm cc ng c v sinh k thut vi cng sut nh mc tng na l:
Pdi, kW 25 16 10 7,5 5,6 3
CO Stp 0,74 0,78 0,72 0,67 0,80 0,78
H y xc nh ph ti tn h to n th e o hai ph n g php:
a. P h ng ph p s gia;
b. P h ng ph p h s nhu cu.
B i tp 10.2. H y x c nh ph ti tnh ton c a m t phn x n g sn xut

gm c 1 1 th it b tiu th in vi cc tham s ca th it b n h sau:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Pu. 45 30 25 22 20 20 16 16 10 7,5 5
kW
ksd i 0,63 0,49 0,55 0,52 0,46 0,60 0,63 0,72 0,70 0,68 0,66
COScp 0,75 0,71 0,72 0,78 0,68 0,80 0,80 0,82 0,8 0,75 0,74
B i tp 10.3. Hy xc nh ph ti tnh ton cho mt x nghip gm 4 phn

xng san xut vi cc thit b ng lc c cc tham s cho trong bng bt.10.3 sau:
Bng bt.10.3. D kin bi ton Vi d 10.3
PX T .s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
p n; kW 45 30 25 22 20 20 16 16 10
1
ksd 0 ,6 3 0 ,4 9 0 ,5 5 0 ,5 2 0 ,4 6 0 ,6 0 0 ,6 3 0 ,7 2 0 ,7 0
COSip 0 ,7 5 0 ,7 1 0 ,7 2 0 ,7 8 0 ,6 8 0 ,8 0 0 ,8 0 0 ,8 2 0 ,8
CL
25 22 20 16 10 10 7 ,5 6 ,3 5
2
ksd 0 ,5 5 0 ,5 2 0 ,4 6 0 ,7 2 0 ,7 0 0 ,6 2 0,61 0 ,5 5 0 ,5 2
cos 0 ,7 2 0 ,7 8 0 ,6 8 0 ,8 2 0 .8 0 ,7 2 0,71 0 ,7 2 0 ,7 8
p n; kW 2 ,8 8 10 16 4 ,5 1,5 5 ,5 5 ,5 5 ,5 8
3
ksd 0 ,3 5 0 ,3 2 0 ,3 2 0 ,2 3 0 ,2 6 0 ,4 2 0 ,3 5 0 ,2 6 0 ,4 5 0 ,4 5
COSip 0 ,6 7 0 ,5 8 0 ,5 8 0 ,6 5 0 ,6 6 0 ,6 2 0 ,6 7 0 ,6 6 0 ,6 7 0 ,6 7
p n; k W 8 ,5 3 7 ,5 6 ,3 10 7 ,5 40 35
4 0 ,3 7
ksd 0 ,3 0 ,4 1 0 ,4 5 0 ,4 7 0 ,4 5 0 ,5 3 0 ,4 5
CO Stp 0 ,6 6 0 ,5 8 0 ,6 3 0 ,6 7 0 ,7 0 ,6 3 0 ,9 0 ,5 8
71
Bi tp 10.4. s liu o m trn thanh ci trm bin p trong m t ngy m sau
mi gi c cho trong bng:
t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
P,kW 121 132 124 127 132 168 208 216 254 281 305 312
t 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1S 20 21 22 23
P,kW 307 296 315 302 278 256 218 284 323 337 262 158
Hy xy dng th ph ti v xc nh cc tham s ca th theo phng php:
B i lp 10.5 S liu ph ti ca mt khu vc thng k c trong 8 nm qu

kh c th hin trong bng dl 10.5. Hy xy dng m hnh d bo ph ti dng
parabol v xc nh ph ti d bo ong giai on n nm th 15:
Bng dl10.5
t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
p, MW 489 565 655 741 828 925 1018 1128
B i lp 10.6: Tng in nng tiu th trong lnh vc cng nghip ca Vit

Nam trong 10 nm gn y l:
t 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
A,GWh 9088 10503 12681 15290 17896 21302 24326 29105 32450 37192
Hy xy dng hm d bo v nh gi sai s theo m hnh parabol v nh

gi sai s.
M t s ch ng (rnh c bn c sn p (lng trong ch n g 10:
in terp l dng tra cc s liu cho trong bng
Itplppsogia dng tinh ton ph ti theo phng php s gia
ttptpphsnhucau dng tnh ton ph ti theo phng php h s nhu cu;
p tp x u o n g dng tnh ton ph ti ca phn xng sn xut;
stairs v barcycle dng xy dng biu ph ti ngy m:
p o lyfit dng xc nh cc h s ca hm d bo dng a thc;
polyval dng xc nh cc gi tr ph ti trong thi gian d bo.

Chng 11
Mng in
11.1. D' liu v dy dn v my bin p
11.1.1. D liu dy dn
D liu v cc tham s ca dy dn nh sut in tr, sut in dn c ghi
trong cc tp DdU0.4, DdUlO, Dd22, D d35, DdUUO, D dU 220 v DdUSOO.
Cc con s i theo k hiu chi cp in p ca ng dy. e n gin cho vic
thit lp chng trnh M ATLAB i vi cc bi ton v mng in, nn ci t
trc cc tp d liu ny vo my di dng m.file. iu s gip ch cho qu
trinh nhp d liu v n gin ha chng trinh. Di y biu th ni dung v cu
trc ca cc tp d liu ny:
1) Tp d liu Ddo.4
% Day dan U=0.4kV
[A25]= [1.28+j*0.35];
[A35]= [0.82+j*0.33];
I A50]= [0.64+j*0.32];
[A 70]=[0.46+j*0.31];
[A95]= [0.33+j*0.30];
[AI 20]= [0.27+j*0.30];
IA 150]= [0.21 +j *0.29];
2) Tp d liu D d lO
% Day dan u= 1Okv
73
[A C 2 5 ]= [1 .3 8 + j*0.412]:
[AC35]= [0.85+j*0.400];
[AC50]= [0.65+j *0.392];
[AC70]= [0.46+j*0.381];
[AC95]= [0.33+j *0.370];
[A C 120]= [0.27+j *0.363];
[AC 150]= [0.21+j*0.357];
[AC 185]= [0.17+j*0.352];
[AC240]= [0.12+j *0.343];
[X L P E 5 0 ]= [0 .3 9 + j* 0 .2 4 ];
[XLPE70]= [0.27+j*0.27];
[X L P E 9 5 ]= [0.1 9 3 + j* 0 .3 1 ];
[XLPE120]= [0.153+j *0.33]
[XLPE150]= [0.124+j*0.36];
3) Tp d liu DdU22
% Day dan U=22kV
[AC25]= [1.38+j *0.426];
[A C 3 5 ]= [0.85+j *0.414];
[AC50]= [0.65+j *0.405];
[AC70]= [0.46+j*0.395];
[A C 95]=[0.33+j *0.384];
[AC 120]= [0.27+j*0.377];
[AC 150]= [0.21+j *0.371];
[AC 185]= [0.17+j *0.365];
[AC240]= [0.12+j*0.363]:'
74
4) Tp d liu D d35
% Day dan U=35kV
% AC ro xo
[AC25]= [1.38+j*0.4438];
[AC35]= [0.85+j*0.4290];
[AC50]= [0.65+j *0.4180];
[AC70]= [0.46+j *0.4080];
[AC95]= [0.33+J *0.4000];
[AC 120]= [0.27+j*0.393 ];
[AC 150]= [0.21+j *0.390];
[AC] 85]= [0.17+J *0.384];
[A C 240]= [0.12+j*0.380];
5) Tp d liu D d U llO
% Day dan u= 11 OkV
% ACO ro xo bo
[A C 050]= [0.65+j*0.441, 2.72*10^-6];
[A C 070]= [0.46+j*0.430, 2.79*10A-6];
[A C 095]= [0.33+j*0.423, 2.85*10A-6];
[A C 0120]= [0.27+j*0.415. 2.90*10^-6];
[A C 0 1 5 0 ]- [0.2l+ j*0.409, 2.92*10A-6];
[A C O l85]= [0.17+J*0.406, 2.96*10A-6];
[A C 0240]= [0.12+j*0.401, 2.98*10^-6,];
[A C 0300]= [0.10+j*0.398, 3.00*10^-6];
[A C 0400]= [0.07+j*0.396, 3.03*10A-6];
6) Tp d liu DlU220
7.5
% Day dan U=220kV
% ACO ro xo bo
[A C 0185]= [0.17+j*0.434, 2.60*10^-6];
[A C 0240]= [0.12+J*0.430, 2.64*10A-6,];
[A C 0300]= [0 .10+J*0.424, 2.68*10A-6]:
[A C 0 4 0 0 ]= [0 .0 7 + j*0.415, 2 .7 4 * 1 0 ^ -6 ];
[A C 0 4 0 0 ]= [0 .0 6 + j* 0 .4 1 9 , 2.7 6 * 1 0 ^-6 ];
Khi cn tra s liu dy dn, bn chi cn gi tn tp tng ng. V d mun

tim sut in tr Zo v in dn bo ca dy A C 095 cp in p 1 lOkV, bn cn g:
clear % Lenh nay cho phep xoa cac lenh da dung truoc do
D dU llO ;
A C 095
Khi trn mn hnh s xut hin cc tham s ca dy dn ny di dng:
A C 95 =
0.3300 + 0.4230 0.0000
y l ma trn tham s dy dn vi ct u l Zo=ro+JXo )/la n v ct th hai

l bo.siemen/km. Vi bo c gi tr rt nh nn nu mun bit chnh xc, bn cn g
thm lnh format long. Khi kt qu nhn c l:
AC095 =
0.330000000000000 + 0.423000000000000 0.000002850000000.
Cc c s d liu \ v cc loi dy dn nhm li thp c th tra trorm

tp c tn 1 A C .m . Ton b d liu ca tp n\ c th hin nh sau:
% I cho phep, A
% d G M R Fal. Ffe rO Ing Itr m .kg/km
DAC16 = [0.54 0.21 15.26 1.13 2.06 86 62 6 2 '];
DAC25 =['0.66 0.26 22.80 2.54 1.38 107 82 9 2 '];
76
DAC35 =[0.84 0.33 36.93 3.8 0.85 144 111 150'];
DAC50 =['0.96 0.37 48.23 8.04 0.65 172 135 196'];
DAC70 =[1.140.44 68.00 11.34 0.46 217 172 275];
DAC95 =['1.35 0.53 95.38 15.9 0.33 271 213 386'];
DAC120 =['1.52 0.59 115.27 21.98 0.27 312 250 492'];
DAC150 =['1.70 0.66 126.38 26.0 0.21 365 299 617'];
DAC185 =[1.90 0.74 181.00 34.4 0.17 418 349 771];
DAC240 =[2.16 0.84 238.00 43.1 0.132 496 414 997'];
DAC300 =['2.42 0.94 295.00 56.3 0.107 566 476 1257'];
DAC400 =['2.80 1.09395.00 72.2 0.080 677 582 1660];
D A C O 150 =['1.66 0.65 147.71 17.8 0.2 370 305 559'];
D A C 0185 =['1.84 0.72 226.32 21.98 0.17 418 349 687'];
D A C 0240 = [2.16 0.84 116.06 31.65 0.13 496 414 937'];
D A C 0300 =['2.36 0.92 291.00 37.2 0.108 566 476 1098'];
D A C 0400 =['2.72 1.06 392.0 49.5 0.080 677 582 1501];
D A C 0500 =['3.02 1.18 482.0 59.7 0.065 778 670 1836'];
D A C 0600 =['3.31 1.29 578.0 72.2 0.055 863 756 2206'];
D A C 0700 =['3.71 1.44 712.0 93.3 0.044 1010 885 2756'];
DACY120 =['1.55 0.60 119.22 26.6 0.26 315 252 530'];
DACY150 =['1.75 0.68 147.19 34.34 0.20 367 300 678'];
DACY185 =['1.96 0.76 184.63 43.08 0.16 420 350 850];
DACY240 =['2.24 0.87 241.15 56.27 0.12 498 415 1111'];
DACY300 =['2.52 0.98 297.0 72.2 0.106 566 476 1390'];
DACY400 =['2.90 1.13 400.0 93.3 0.079 677 582 1840'];
nam e= input('Go ma hieu day dan giua cac dau phay tren (")-> '
if exist(name)
dispC ')
fpnntfc d GM R Fal Ffe rO Ing Itr m \n)
fprintfc cm cm mm2 mm2 O hm /km A A kg/km \n)
fprintfc ), fprintf(eval(name')), fprintfc\n')
else, dispC '), dispC Ma day khong CO, Hay thu lai lan nua!')
dispC Ma day ean go giua cac dau phay tren (")!')
end
Chng trnh A C cho php tr cc tham s v kch thc ca cc dy dn

AC, ACO v ACY ang c s dng ph bin V it Nam . Lu , phn bit
vi lnh, gi tham s dy dn, y bn cn thm ch D vo trc m hiu y.
Chng hn khi cn tra d liu v kch thc dy AC50 bn g:
AC;
Khi s c dng ch nhc bn g m hiu dy dn gia cc du phy trn

nh sau:
Go ma hieu dav dan giua cac dau p h a y tren ->
Bn g 'DAC50' v an enter, trn mn hnh s xut hin dy s liu:
d GMR F al F fe rO In g Itr m
cm cm mm2 nun2 Ohm/km A A kg/km
0.96 0.37 48.23 8.04 0.65 172 135 196
So u tin cho bit ng kinh dy AC50 l 0,96cm ; s th hai l bn kinh

trung binh hnh hc GM R. s th ba v th t tng ng l din tch tit din
nhm F A1 v thp Ffe tnh bng mm 2; s th nm l sut in tr r0 nhit 20c
tnh bng /km ; s th su v th by tng ng l dng in cho php ngoi tri
v trong nh tnh bng A v s cui cng l khi lng dy tinh bng kg/km.
Neu bn g sai m hiu dy. thi m y s nhc bn th li ln na. V d nu

thay v 'DAC50', bn chi g 'AC50', thi s c dng ch nhc nh hin ra nh sau:
78
Ma day kliong co, Hay thu lai lan nua!
Ma day can go giua cac dau phay tren (")/
Chng trnh acsr, cho php hin th m dy n v cc tham s ca dy

ACSR (Alum inum Conductor Stell-Reinforced), l loi dy nhm li thp tng
cng, c s dng ph bin M v cc nc phng Ty. Ngi s dng s
c nhc g tn m dy gia cc du phy trn ('). Chng hn khi ta g lnh acsr,
v an enter, th trn mn hinh s xut hin bng m s dy dn bng ting Anh:
bittern bluebird bluejay bobolink canary cardinal chickadee
1272000 2156000 1113000 1431000 900000 954000 397500
chukar condor crane crow curlew dove drake
1781000 795000 874500 715500 1033500 556500 795000
eagle egret falcon fin ch flam ingo flicker grackle
556500 636000 1590000 1113000 666600 477000 1192500
grosbeak hawk hen ibis jo re e kiwi lapwing
636000 477000 477000 397500 2515000 2167000 1590000
lark linnet m allard martin merlin oriole ortolan
397500 336400 795000 1351000 336400 336400 1033500
osprey ostrich parakeet parrot partridge peacock pelican
556500 300000 556500 150500 266800 605000 477000
pheasant p ip er plover rail redwing rook squab
1272000 300000 1431000 954000 715500 636000 605000
starling tern thrasher waxwing
715500 795000 2312000 266800
Chng trnh s nhc bn g tn m hiu dy nh sau:
Enter ACSR code name within single quotes (") ->.
79
Sau khi m dy c g vo gia hai du 1 (v d 'rook') trn mn hinh s
hin ra kt qu l:
AI Area Strand Diam eter GMR Resistance Ohm/Km Ampacity'
CM ILS A l/St cm cm 60H z,25C 60H Z.50C A m pere
636000 54/7 2.4816 1.0028 0.09198 0.10490 770
iu c ngha l dy n rook (tn m dy c chi nh d dng tham

chiu) c kch thc tit din 63600 m ils, gi l circular m ils (CM IL). (lm il= 1 0
inch=0,0254 mm), t l din tch nhm/thp l 54/7. ng knh dy (Diam eter) l
2,4816 cm, bn knh trung bnh hinh hc (GM R - geom etric mean radius) l
1,0028 cm, sut in tr ng vi tn s 60Hz nhit 25 c l 0,09198 /k m v
ng vi nhit 50c l 0,1049 /km , kh nng m ang ti (dng in cho php)
ca dy dn l 770 A. N h vy p dng cho cc loi dy dn ang s dng
nc ta, bn cn c s so snh chn m dy tng ng (xem chi tit trong
cc so tay thit k mng in).
y lu vi bn c mt s khi nim sau:
- G M R - Geom etric Mean Radius l bn knh ca dy dn gi tng khng

c ni dng nhng c in cm ng bng gi tr thc t ca dy dn bn knh r,
n c th c xc nh bng biu thc:
G M R = R s = r.e *
Trong :
r - bn knh thc t ca dy dn.
G M R thng c p dng xc jnh in cm ca dy dn. Gi tr in

cm gia hai dy dn cch nhau mt khng a s l:
L = 0,21n
Rs
- GM D - G eom etric M ean D istance l khong cch trung binh hnh hc ca

cc pha, xc nh theo biu thc:
80
G M D = /D lbD bcD
Trong :
Dab, Dhc, Dac - khong cch gia cc pha.
- G M R l - bn knh trung binh hnh hc tnh in cm trong trng hp

mch kp, c xc nh theo biu thc:
G M R l = ^/D saD sbD sc ;
Trong :
d sa = n/ d s d M; ; D SB = D ^ D bib;; D sc= ^ D CiC;;
Daa2 , Dblb2, D cic2 , - khong cch gia cc pha mch 1 v mch 2;
Dbs - khong cch ng tr gia cc si trong mt pha:
i vi phn pha hai si: D j = yR s.d ;
i vi phn pha ba si: = jR s.d2 d d
i vi phn pha bn si: D j = l,0 9 ^ R s.d3 ^
d - khong cch thc t gia cc si trong mt pha.
in cam trong trng hp ny c xc nh theo biu thc:
L = 0 ,2 ln G M P ,m H / k m
GM Dl
- G M Rc - bn knh trung bnh hnh hc tnh in dung trong trng hp

mch kp, c xc nh theo biu thc:
GM Rr = j/ r a R bR c ;
R A= > p ^ : R B = ^ b D h,b :; R c = ^ b-Dc, , ;
rb - bn knh ng tr ca dy dn:
Di vi phn pha hai si: r b = yfr.d ;
i vi phn pha ba si: r b = \lr .d 2
81
6.MATLAB... /2-A
i vi phn pha bn si: r b = \,0 9 fd *
in dung trong trng hp ny c xc nh theo biu thc:

0,0556
C = 7 G M F ^ F /k m
In - _
GMDC
11.1.2. D liu my bin p

Cc d liu v my bin p c tra bi cc lnh B A 10; B A 22, BA35,
B A I 10, B A 220 v BA500, trong cc con s i sau k hiu BA chi cp in p
s cp ca my bin p. i vi cc my bin p phn phi (1CH-35 kV) cc lnh
ny cho php tra cc tham s bao gm: cng sut nh mc s tnh bng kVA, tn
tht trong mch t dP0 tnh bng k w , tn tht trong cc cun dy dPk tnh bng
kW , in p ngn mch u k tnh bng phn trm, dng in khng ti lo tnh bng
phn trm, in tr tc dng Rb v in tr phn khng x b tnh bng n v tng
i (pu) ng vi ch nh mc ca my bin p. i vi cc my bin p truyn
ti (110^-500 kV) cc lnh ny cho php a cc tham s bao gm: cng sut nh
mc s tnh bng MVA, tn tht trong mch t dP0 tnh bang k w , tn tht trong
cc cun dy dPt tnh bng kW, in p ngan mch Uk tnh bng phn trm , dng
in khng ti lo tnh bng phn trm. V d tra cc tham s ca my bin p
phn phi 22/0,4 k v cng sut 100 kVA, ta cn thc hin cc lnh nh sau:
BA22;
Khi trn mn hnh s xut hin dng ch:
Go ma hieu may BA giua cac dau phay tren (')->
Ta g m hiu my bin p vo gia hai du phy trn: ' BA 100', khi cc

s liu ca my bin p s c hin th di dng:
Sn DP0 D PK Uk 10 R X
..kVA kw k tv pt pt (pu) (pu)
100 032 2.05 4 7.5 0.013 0.038
82
R M A T l &D n a
tra cc tham s ca my bin p truyn ti 220 k v cng sut 40 MVA ta
cn thc hin cc lnh nh sau:
BA220;
Khi trn mn hnh s xut hin dng ch:
Ta g m hiu my bin p vo gia hai du phy trn: ' BA40', khi cc

s liu ca my bin p s c hin th di dng:
Sn DPO Q PK Uk 10
MVA kW kw p> pt
40 125 350 14 4.2
N h vy ta thy cc lnh tra s liu ca cc phn t mng in cho php thc

hin cc php tnh tip theo mt cch thun tin v d dng.
11.2. Xc nh cc tham s h thng ca Sff thay th

Cc bi ton xc nh tham s v s thay th ca cc phn t mng in
c gii vi cc chng trnh n gin trong hp cng c power system toolbox,
son ring cho cc phn t c th nh ng dy 220 kV tr ln, ng dy 110
k v , ng dy p h n phi, my bin p ba pha hai cun dy, my bin p ba pha ba
cun dy v.v. c c cc chng trnh ny bn cn phi c mt a CD v
khng nh my ca bn c ci t.
11.2.1. X c nlt c c tham s ng dy

1) ng dy truyn ti
xc nh cc tham s ca ng dy truyn ti, ta c th xy dng

chng trinh hoc p dng hm tsoddtt(dld) c sn trong toolbox trong tsoddtt
l tn hm, cn did l mng d liu, c th hin di dng nh sau:
dld=[U ,l,a,d,gam ,F,mo,mt,del];
Trong :
83
u - in p, kV; I - chiu di ng dy, km: a - khong cch gia
cc pha, m; d - ng knh trung bnh ca dy dn, cm; gam - in
n sut ca vt liu dn, l/(Q .m ); F tit din dy dn, mm ; mo, mt,
del - cc h s v iu kin kh hu.
Chng trnh xc nh cc tham s ng dy truyn ti c vit nh sau:
rd=dld(:,4)/2;
Dtb=(dld(:,3)A3*2)A(l/3);
ro=10A3/(dId(:,5)*dld(:,6));
xo=0.144*logl0(Dtb*10A2/rd)+0.016;
Ugh=48.9*dld(:,7)*dld(:,8)*dld(:,9)*rd*logl0(D tb*100/rd);
Ughl=0.96*Ugh;
Ugh2=1.06*Ugh;
Uf=dld(:, 1)/sqrt(3);
dPo=0.18/dld(:,9)*sqrt(rd/Dtb)*(Uf-U gh)A2;
go=dPo* 10A(-3)/dld(:, 1)A2;
bo=7.5 8 * 10A-6/log 10(Dtb/rd);
R=ro*dld(:,2);
X=xo*dld(:,2);
B=bo*dld(:,2);
G=go*dld(:,2);
disp('R X Ugh B G')
fprintf('%g'), disp([R. X, Ugh, B, G]).
Ta xt bi ton c th sau:
V d 11.1: Hy xc nh cc tham s h thng v s thay th ca ng

dy 220 kV c dy dn l ACO -300, chiu di 1 = 148,6 km, khong cch aia cc
84
pha l 8,5 m, din dn sut ">=31,5 l/(Q .m ), cc h s rn0 - 0,88; m, - 0,8 v s -
0,95. irng knh trung binh ca dy ACO-300 l d=2,36cm.
G ii: gii bi ton ny, trc ht ta thit lp ma trn d liu ng dy:
clear ,
u = 2 2 0 ; 1=148.6; a=8.5; d=2.36; gam=31.5; F=300; mo=0.88; mt=0.8;

del=0.95;
dld=[U,l,a,d,gam ,F,mo,mt,del];
[R,X,Ugh,B,G] = tsoddtt(dld);
Kt qu hin th trn mn hnh l:
R X Ugh B G
15.6257 65.7110 113.7350 0.0012 0.0001
2) ting dy p h n phoi
Cc tham s ca ng dy phn phi cng c xc nh tng t nh i

vi ng dy truyn ti, chi khc l y ta gi hm tsoddpp(dldpp). M ng d
liu v ng dy phn phi c dng nh sau:
dldpp=[U , I, a, d, gam, F];
Trong :
u - in p, kV; 1 - chiu di ng dy, km; a - khong cch gia

cc pha, m; d - ng knh trung bnh ca dy dn, cm; gam - in
dn sut ca vt liu dn. l/(f.m ); F - tit din dy dn, m rrr.
Chng trnh xc nh cc tham s ng dy phn phi c vit nh sau:
rd=dldpp(:,4)/2; % Ban kinh day dan
Dtb=(dldpp(:,3)A3*2)A(l/3 ); % Khoang cach trung binh gia cac day
ro=10A3/(dldpp(:,5)*dldpp(:,6)); % Suat dien fro tac dung, Ohm/km
xo= 0.144*logl0(D tb*10A2/rd)+0.016; % Suat dien tro phan khang, Ohm /km
R=ro*dldpp(:,2); % Dien tro tac dung, Ohm;
85
X=xo*dldpp(:,2); % Dien tro phan khang, Ohm;
disp('R X ')
fprintf('%g'), disp([R, X]).
V d 11.2: Hy xc nh cc tham s h thng v s thay th ca ng

dy 22 kV c dy dn l AC-70, chiu di 1 = 26 km, khong cch gia cc pha l
2,2 m. ng knh trung bnh ca dy A C.70 l d = l,1 4 cm.
G ii: Ta thc hin lnh sau:
u = 2 2 ; 1=26; a=2.2; d=1.14; gam=31.5; F=70;
dldpp=[U, 1, a, d, gam, F];
[R, X] = tsoddpp(dldpp);
Ket qua la:
R X
11.7170 11.4757
Trong M ATLAB cn c mt s lnh cho php xc nh cc tham s ng

dy, chng hn nh lnh [GMD, GM RL, GM RC]=gm d cho php xc nh khong
cch trung bnh hinh hc gia cc dy dn GM D (geom etric mean distance), bn
knh ng tr trung bnh hnh hc tnh in cm ca ng dy G M R L v bn
knh ng tr trunh bnh hnh hc tnh in dung G M R C. Lnh [L, C]=gmd2lc
cho php xc nh cc i lng quan trng ca ng dy truyn ti l in cm
L v in dung c ca ng dy.
V d 11.3: Xc nh cc tham s GM D (khong cch trunh bnh hnh hc),

GM RL (bn knh ng tr trung binh hinh hc tnh in cm) v GM RC (bn
kinh ng tr trunh bnh hnh hc tnh in dung) ca ng dy truyn ti hai
mch c b tr dy dn theo chiu dc theo cc kch thc th hin trn hinh
11.1, dy dn c Tig knh l 3,2 cm c phn pha vi 3 si mi pha. bn
knh trung binh hnh hc GM R =1,18 cm, khong cch trung binh gia cc si l
30cm.
G ii: y ta p dng lnh:
86
[GMD, GMRL, GM RC]=gmd; a,
Sau khi lnh [GMD, GMRL,

GM RC]=gm d c g vo, trn mn
8
hinh s xut hin thc n vi 3 la
, b|
D' I
chn: 1 l mch on; 2 l mch kp 1
theo chiu dc v 3 l mch kp theo
chiu ngang nh sau: ^ 's ----------- ?
t^
Hnh 11.1. S b tri dy dn ca ng dy
truyn ti vi d 11.3.
Tham so duong day truyen tai dien
So luong mach ba pha Lua chon
Duong day mach don 1

M ach kep bo tri doc 2
M ach kep bo tri ngang 3
Thoat khoi chuong trinh 0
Chon so hieu thuc don
Vi d kin u bi, ta chn thc n 2v anenter,khi trn mn hnh

xut hin so vi cc chi dn thc hin cc bc tinh ton nh sau:
a c '( a ')
Cach bo tri mach o ..... s 11----- o
I
(1) ab c-c'b 'a ' H12
(2) ab c-a'b 'c ' b I b '(b ')
o S 2 2 - ............. o
87
H23
c| a '( c ')
o - S33- o
Go (1 hoac 2) -> 2
Go don vi khoang cach m hoac ft giua cac dau phay tren (')-> 'm'
Go vect dong [SI 1, S22, S33] = [12 18 12]
Go vecto dong [H I2, H23] = [8 8]
kich thuoc day dan, don vi khoang cach giua cac soi day: go 'cm' hoac 'in->
'em'
duong kinh day dan bang cm = 3.2
ban kinh trung binh hinh hoc bang cm = 1.18
so soi day. (go 1 doi voi day don.) = 3
khoang cach giua cac soi day bang cm = 30
Ket qu nhn c:
GM D = 13.74765 m
GM RL = 1.18384 m GM RC = 1.24547 m
V i d 11.4a: Xc nh cc tham s in cm v in dung ca ng dy

truyn ti hai mch b tr theo chiu dc vi cc d kin nh v d 11.3 trn.
[L, C]=gmd21c;
Sau khi lnh [L, C]=gm d2lc c g vo, trn m n hnh s xut hin thc
n vi 3 la chn: 1 l mch n: 2 l mch kp theo chiu dc v 3 l mch kp
theo chiu ngang nh sau:
Tham so duong day truyen tai dien
So luong m ach ba pha Lua chon

Duong day mach don 1
Mach kep bo tr doc 2
Mach kep bo tri ngang 3
Thoat khoi chuong trinh 0
Chon so hieu thuc don 2
Sau khi ta chn thc n s 2 v g enter, trn mn hnh xut hin s v

cc yu cu vo d liu:
a c '(a ')
Cach bo tri mach o --- s 11.........o
(1) a b c -c 'b 'a H12
(2) a b c -a 'b 'c ' b I b '(b ')
o ............... S22............... o
I
H23
c| a '(c ')
O- S3 3-----o
Go (1 hoac 2) -> 2
Go don vi khoang cach m hoac ft giua cac dau phay tren C)->'m'
Go vect dong [SI 1, S22, S33] = [12 18 12]
Go vect dong [ H I2. H23] = [8 8]
kch thuoc day dan, don vi khoang cach giua cac soi day: go 'cm' hoac 'in'->
'c m '
uong kinh day dan bang cm = 3.2
so soi day (go 1 doi voi day don) = 3
89
My hi n v tinh khong cch gia cc dv dn l 'm ' hay ft, y ta

chn l m \ sau vo d liu khong cch gia cc dy dn di dng ma trn.
Tip theo my li hi n v tnh ng knh dy l em ' hay 'in ', y ta chn
cm sau vo d liu ng knh v bn knh trung bnh hnh hc ca dy dn.
Kt qu nhn c cc gi tr L v c nh sau:
GM D = 13.74765 m
GM RL = 1.18384 m GM RC = 1.24547 m
L = 0.490421 mH/km c = 0.0231562 m icro F/km
Vi d 11.4b: Xc nh cc tham s in cm v in dung ca ng dy

truyn ti hai mch b tr theo chiu ngang vi khong cch gia cc pha l 12m
v khong cch gia hai mch l 10m.
[L, C]=gmd2lc; nh bi ton trn nhng chn thc n 3 (b tri theo chiu
ngang), khi trn mn hnh s xut hin s vi cc chi dn tbc hin cc bc
tnh nh sau:
a b c a '( c ') b '( b ') c '( a ')
o D 12 o D 23 o ------s 11........O D I 2 O D 23 o
-------------- D13----------- -...............D 13-...............
Cach bo tn mach
(1) ab c-a'b 'c '
(2) ab c-c'b 'a '
Go (1 hoac 2) -> 2
Go don vi khoang cach m hoac ft giua cac dau phay tren (')->'m '
Go vect dong [D I2, D23, D I 3] = [12 12 24]
Go khoang cach giua hai m ach, SI 1 = 10
90
kch thuoc day dan, don vi khoang cach giua cac soi day: go 'cm' hoac 'in'->
'cm'
duong kinh day dan bang cm = 3.2
so soi day (go 1 doi voi day don) = 3
Ket qu nhn c:
GM D = 22.17544 m
GM RL = 1.66024 m GM RC = 1.74667 m
L = 0.518404 m H/km c = 0.0218812 m icro F/km
11.2.2. Xc nh cc tham s ca my bin p

I) M y bin p phn phi 2 cun dy
xc nh cc tham s h thng ca my bin p phn phi hai cun dy

trc ht ta thit lp ma trn d liu my bin p:
BA2=[S, u , dPo, dPk, Uk, lo];
Trong :
s - Cng sut nh mc ca my bin p, MVA; u - in p, kV; dPo

- tn tht khng ti, kW; dPk - tn tht ngn mch, kW; Uk - in p
ngn mch, %; lo - dng in khng ti, %.
Chong trnh xc nh cc tham s ng dy phn phi c vit nh sau:
clear
Rb=BA2(:,4)* B A 2(:,2)A2*10A-3/B A 2(:,l)A2;
Zb= BA2(:,5)*BA 2(:,2)A2/(100*BA2(:,1));
X b=sqrt(ZbA2-RbA2);
dispC Ket qua la:')
dispCRb, ohm Xb Zb')

fprintf('%g'), disp([Rb,Xb,Zb])
Bi ton c th c gii bi lnh |R b ,X b ,Z b | = tso m bapp2cd(B A 2).
Vi d 11.5. Hy xc nh cc tham s ca s thay th my bn p phn

phi hai cun dy loi TM-560/10 (quy v pha th cp) cng sut nh mc ca
m y bin p l 0,56 MVA v in p nh mc l 10/0,4 k v , vi cc thng s:
AP0=1 kW ; APk= 7 ,2 kW ; u k= 5 ,7 % v Io=5,5%
G ii: Chng trinh M ATLAB gii bi ton c thc hin nh sau:
clear all
s=0.56; u = 0 .4 ; dP o= l; dPk=7.2; Uk=5.7; Io=5.5;
B A 2= [S , u , d Po, dPk, U k, lo ];
[Rb,Xb.Zb] = tsombapp2cd(BA2):
Ket qua la:
Rb, ohm Xb Zb
0.0037 0.0159 0.0163
2) M y bin p cung cap 2 cun dy
i vi my bin p cung cp, ngoi in tr ra cn phi xc nh in dn.

Chng trnh M ATLAB c xy dng tng t: Trc ht cn thit lp ma trn
d liu, sau l chng trnh tnh ton. M a trn d liu ca my bin p c dng:
BAc2 =[S,U .dPo,dPk,U k,Io];
Trong :
s - cng sut my bin p, MVA; u - in p. kV; P0 - tn tht

khng ti, kW; dPk tn tht ngn mch. kW; u k - in p ngn
mch. %: 10 - dng in khng ti, %.
Chng trnh M ATLAB c th hin nh sau:
clear
Rb=BAc2(:,4)* BAc2(:.2)A2*10A-3/B A c2(:,l)A2;
Zb= BA c2(:,5)*BA c2(:.2)A2/(100*B A c2(:.l));
/
Xb=sqrt(ZbA2-RbA2);
Gb=BA c2(:,3)*10A(-3)/BA c2(:,2)A2;
B b=B A c2(:,6)*B A c2(:,l)/(B A c2(:,2)A2*10A3);
dispC Ket qua la:')
dispCRb Xb Zb Gb Bb')
fprintf('%g'), disp([Rb,Xb,Zb, Gb, Bb]);
Bi ton c th c gii bi lnh [Rb,Xb,Zb] = tsom bacc2cd(B A c2).

V d 11.6. Hy xc nh cc tham s ca s thay th my bin p hai
cun dy loi T /H -16000/115 vi cng sut nh mc s ba= 16 MVA, in p nh
mc 115/38,5 kV; AP0=21 k w , APk=85 k w , u k=10,5%; Io=0,85%.
G ii: Bi ton c gii bi lnh:
clear
U = 115; s=16; dPo=21; dPk=85; U k= l 1.5; Io=0.85;
BAc2 =[S,U ,dPo,dPk,Uk,Io];
[Rb,Xb,Zb,Gb,Bb] = tsombacc2cd(BAc2);
Ket qua la:
Rb Xb Zb Gb Bb
4.3911 86.6779 86.7891 0.0000 0.0000
Ghi ch: Trong kt qu ta nhn c tham s in dn tc dng Gb = 0.0000

l v ta khng ra lnh format long, nn my ch cho kt qu mc nh vi 4 ch
s thp phn sau du phy, tc l ng vi ch format short. K.hi c lnh
format long th kt qu s l: Gb=0.000001587901701 v Bb=
0.000001028355388
3) M y bin p ba p h a ba cun dy
i vi my bin p cung cp, ngoi in tr ra cn phi xc nh in dn.

Chng trinh MATLAB c xy dng tng t nh trn. Tuy nhin y tin
nht l p d n g h m c sn tro n g p o w e r sy stem to o lb o x l:
93
[Rt,Xc,Xt,Xh,G,B]=tsom ba3cd(BA3pk). y BA3pk l mng d liu ca
m y bin p 3 pha 3 cun dy:
BA 3pk=[S,U,Uc,Ut,dPo,dPct,dPch,dPth,Uct,Uch,Uth,Io];
Trong :
s cng sut my bin p , MVA; in p nh mc, kV; Uc -

in p nh mc pha cao p, k v , Ut - in p nh mc pha trung
p; dPo - tn tht khng ti, kW; dPct - tn tht ngn mch gia cun
cao v trung p, kW; dPch - tn tht ngn mch gia cun cao v h
p, kW; dPth - tn tht ngn mch gia cun trung v h p. kW; Uct
- in p ngan mch gia cun cao v trung p, %; U ch - in p
ngn mch gia cun cao v h p, %; Uth - in p ngn mch gia
cun trung v h p, % ;Io - dng in khng ti, %.
V d 11.7: Hy xc nh cc tham s h thng my bin p ba cun dy

A T M T H -3 2 0 0 0 /2 2 0 /1 10 vi cc tham s: AP0=32, kW ; APCT=210kW;
APCH= 1 4 5 k W ; APTH= 1 4 5 k W ; U kCT=l 1%; U kCH=34%; kTH=21%; I = 0 ,6 %
G ii: Bi ton c hc hin vi cc lnh sau:
clear
s=32; u=230; Uc=230; Ut=121; dPo=32; dPct=210; dPch=145; dPth=145;

U ct= l 1; Uch=34; Uth=21; Io=0.6;
BA3pk=[S,U ,Uc,Ut.dPo,dPct,dPch,dPth,Uct,Uch,Uth,Io];
[R t,X c,X t,X h ,G ,B ] = tso m b a 3 cd (B A 3 p k );
Ket qu l:
Rt Xc Xt Xh G B
3.9292 198.3750 -16.5313 363.6875 0.0000 0.0004
Trong trng hp tn tht ngn mch APk cho chung thi bi ton c gii
vi lnh: [Rt,Xc,Xt,Xh,G,B] = tsom ba3cdl(U ,B A 3);
Trong :
94
ti BA3=[S dPo dPk Uct Uch Uth lo]; l ma trn d liu u vo vi cc tham
s tng t nh xt trn.
Vi d 11.8: Hy xc nh cc tham s h thng my bin p ba cun dy

T /lT H r.40000/220/38,5 vi cc tham s: Un = 230/38,5/11 kV; AP0=54 kW;
APk=240kW ; U kCT=15,2%; U kCH=24% ; UkTH=10,5%; I =1,1%
G ii: Bi ton c thc hin vi lnh:
clear
u= 2 3 0 ; s=40; dPo=54; dPk=240; Uct=15.2; Uch=24; U th= l 1.5; Io= 1.1;
BA3=[S dPo dPk Uct Uch Uth lo];
[Rt,Xc,Xt,Xh,G,B] = tsom ba3cdl(U ,B A 3);
Ket qua la:
Rc Rt Rh Xc Xt Xh G B
3.9675 3.9675 5.9512 189.7788 11.2412 127.6213 0.0000 0.0008
11.3. Tnh ton ch xc lp ca ng dy

Bi ton gii tch ch xc lp ca mng in ni chung l mt bi ton ln
v kh phc tp, v vy chng ta s xt chi tit chng 12, trong mc ny chng
ta ch cp n mt s bi ton nh l tnh ton ch xc lp cho mt ng
dy, mt trm bin p, hoc mt ng dy v mt trm bin p.
11.3.1. Tnh ton ch xc lp ca ng dy phn phi

i vi cc bi ton on gin, vic tnh ton ch xc lp ca ng dy
c th thc hin b n g c c h t son cc ch n g trn h th eo cc th u t gii bit.
gii bi ton, trc ht ta cn gi mng d liu dy dn ng vi cc cp in p
ca ng dy (D d U ...) v thit lp mng d liu u bi sao cho thun tin cho
qu trinh gii, chng hn mng d liu dng:
dlcF=/, I, s, cofil,
T rong :
95
u in p ca ne dv, kV; 1 l chiu di ng dv. km: s l
cng sut ton phn truyn ti trn na dy, kVA v cofi l h so
cng sut. Chng ta xt c th mt s v d sau:
V i d 11.9. Hy xc nh hao tn in p trn ng dy 22 k v lm bng

dy dn AC-120 di 21,6 km, cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy l s= 595.5 kVA;
h s cng sut cosq>=0,83.
Gii: Chng trinh M ATLAB c son theo nh sau:
clear
DdU22 ; % Goi du lieu day dan
u = 2 2 ; 1=21.6 ; s=595.5 ; cofi=0.83 ;
dlcF=[U, 1, s , cofi];
Z=A C120*dlcF(2); % Dien tro duong day
sinfi=sqrt(l-dlcF(4)A2);
P=dlcF(3)*dlcF(4); % Cong suat tac dung
Q = d lcF (3 )* sin fi; % C o n g su at p h a n k h an g
dU =(P*real(Z)+Q *im ag(Z))/dlcF(!); % Hao ton dien ap, V
Upt=dU* 10A(-1)/dlcF( 1); % Hao ton dien ap, %
dispCKet qua la:')
disp('dU,V dU,% ')
fprintf('%g'). d isp ([d u ,d p t])
K et qua la:
d U .V d u .%
253.9683 1.1544
Li gii ca bi ton l tn tht in p trn ng dy AU=253,9683V v

AU%=1.1544% .
96
Vi d 11.11a. Hy xc nh hao tn in p cc i trn ng dy phn
nhnh 35kV (hnh 11.2) vi s liu nh sau: Ph ti ti im c l Sc = 386,8 kVA
v ti im D l SD = 327,8 h s coscp = 0,8. Cc tham s khc cho trong bng
sau :
on dy AB BC BD
Dy dn AC 120 70 70
Chiu di, km 2 4 ,5 1 7,8 2 8 ,6
G ii Chong trnh gii bi ton c son tho nh sau :
clear
DdU35
u = 3 5 ; cofi=0.8 ;
Spt=[386.8, 327.8] ; % Phu tai
% D oanA B BC BD
1=[24.5 17.8 28.6]; % Chieu dai doan day
sinfi= sqrt( 1-cofiA2);
Pc=Spt(l)*cof;
Qc= S pt(l)*sinfi;
Pd=Spt(2)*cofi;
Qd= Spt(2)*sinf;
Pab=Pd+Pc;
Qab=Qd+Qc;
Z ab = A C 1 2 0 * l(l);
Z bc= A C 70*l(2);
Z b=A C 70*l(3);
dU ab=(Pab*real(Zab)+Q ab*im ag(Zab))/U;
dU bc=(Pc*real(Zbc)+Q c*im ag(Zbc))/U;
97
7.MATLAB. /2-A
dUbd=(Pd*real(Zbd)+Qd*imag(Zbd))/U;
dU tab=dUab*10A-l/U ;
dUtbc=dUbc*10A-l/U ;
dU tbd=dUbd*10A-l/U ;
dUabc=dUtab+dUtbc;
dUabd=dUtab+dUtbd;
dUt=[dUabc, dUabd];
dU m =m ax(dt);
dispC Ket qua la :')
dispC dUabc,% dUabd.% dUm ,% ')
fpnntf('% g'), disp([dUabc, dUabd, dUm])
Kel qua la :
dU abc,% d abd.% dUm.%
0.9901 1.1147 1.1147
N h vy ton th a t in p ln n h t tro n g m n g t n t A n nt D l
AUm=1,1 147%.
Vi d l l . l l b . Hy xc nh hao tn in ln nht trong mng in chiu

sng ba pha in p pha l 220V, chiu di 458m c ph ti khng i xng mc
theo hinh sao, bit dng in chy trn cc pha l IA = 33.5A, IB = 28.6A v Ic =
21.57A dy pha c lm bng dy A-50 v dy trung tnh l A-35.
G ii: Chng trnh M ATLAB c son tho nh sau:
clear
DdU04;
u = 0 .2 2 ; 1=0.458; la = 33.5; Ib = 28.6; Ic = 21.57;
D!=[U, 1, A50, A35]; % Du lieu dau vao
I=[Ia, Ib, Ic]; % Dong dien chay tren cac day pha
7 m a tla b r?-R
R=real(DI(3))*Dl(2); % Dien tro day pha
Rt= real(Dl(4))*Dl(2); % Dien tro day trung tinh
dU a=I(l )*R+(I(l)-0.5*(I(2)+I(3)))*Rt; % Ton that dien ap pha A
dU b=I(2)*R+(I(2)-0.5*(I(l)+I(3)))*Rt: %Ton that dien ap pha B
dU c=I(3)*R+(I(3)-0.5*(I(2)+I(l)))*Rt; % Ton that dien ap pha c
dU=[dUa, dUb, dUc];
dUm=max(dU); % Ton that dien ap cuc dai
dUpt=dUm *10A-l/D l(l); % Tinh theo ty le phan tram
dispC dUa,V dUb,V dUc,V du,% ')
fprintf(% g'),disp([dU a,dU b,dU c,dU pt])
Ket qua l u :
dUa.V dUh.V dUc.V du.%

12.9799 8.7832 2.7623 5.8999
Vi d 11.12. Hy xc nh hao tn in p trong my bin p TM -560/10,

c cc tham s Si,=560 kVA, APk=9,4 kW v u k=5,5%, bit cng sut truyn ti
tr n n g d y l s = 4 2 8 ,5 6 k V A ; h s c n g s u t C0S(> = 0 ,7 9 .
G ii: Chng trnh M ATLAB c son tho nh sau:
> > clear
Sb=560 ; dPk=9.4 ; Uk=0.055 :
dlb=[Sb, dPk, Uk]; % Du lieu bien ap
u = 1 0 ; s =42 8 .5 6 ; co fi= 0 .7 9 ;
sinfi=sqrt( 1-cofiA2);
P=S*cof;
Q=S*sinfi;
Rb=dlb(2)*U A2* 10A3/dlb( 1)A2;

Zb=dlb(3)*UA2* 10A3/dlb( 1);
Xb=sqrt(ZbA2-RbA2);
dUb=(P*Rb+Q*Xb)/U; % Hao ton dien ap trong mba
dut=dub* 10A(-1)/U ; % Hao ton dien ap theo ty le phan tram

dispC dUb,V dUt,% )
fprintf('%g'), disp([dUb,dUt])
Ket qua ]a :
db,v dUt,%
347.2313 3.4723
V d 11.13. Hy xc nh hao tn cng sut v in nng trn ng dy 22

k v lm bng y dn AC-95 di 24,45 km, cung cp cho mt nh m y c ph ti
tnh ton l s = 740 kVA , (hinh 11.3), h s cng sut cos=0,8. Thi gian s
dng cng sut cc i T M=5140 h.
G ii: C h n g tr in h M ATLAB g i i b i to n c th c h i n n h sa u :
clear
DdU22; u=22; 1=24.45; I------------------- ---------------------- ,
s=740; cofi=0.8; Tm=5140; s

dP=SA2/U A2*real(AC95)*l* 10 A(-3); Hnh 11.3. S mng in
v d 11.13.
dQ=SA2/U A2*im ag(AC95)*l*10A(-3);
to = (0 .124+Tm* 10A(-4))A2*8760;
dA=dP*to;
P=S*cofi;
A=P*Tm
dA t=dA *!00/A ;
100
dispO dA.kW h dAt,%')
fprintf('%g'), disp([dA,dAt])
Ket qua la :
dA.kW h dAt.%
32550.40 1.07
N h vy tn tht trong mng l 32550,4 kWh, tc chim khong 1,07% in

nng tiu th.
11.3.2. Tnh ton ch xc lp ca ng dy truyn ti

Vic tnh ton ch xc lp ca ng dy truyn ti phc tp hn nhiu so
vi mng in phn phi, v vy gii bi ton ny ta nn p dng cc hm c
sn trong toolbox (phn ny c trinh by chi tit chng 12). e gii tch ch
xc lp ca ng dy truyn ti ta phi p dng cc thut ton dn ng
thc hin cc bc lp. Ta xt mt v d c trng sau:
V d 11.14. Hy tnh ch xc lp ca mt ng dy kp 1 lOkV gm 2

ph ti (hnh 11.4) on u di 85 km lm bng dy 2xA C 0.240, on th 2 di
52 km lm bng dy 2xA C 0.150. Ph ti s 2 = 62,3+j38,6 MVA, S3=42,2+j28,9
MVA. in p ti ngun cung cp l 115 kV.
G ii: Trc ht ta khai bo cc d kin, lnh D d U llO cho php gi tt c

cc d liu dy dn ca ng dy 110 k v . Trong trng hp cc d liu ny cha
c lu gi, th cn plii khai bo su t in tr Zo, in dn b0. Bi ton c gii
vi vng lp while. Chng trinh M ATLAB c th hin nh sau:
clear
1 1. 2 *2 3
D dU llO ; ------------------------------ 1---------------------- 1
L=[85 52]; U l= 115; Un=115; S - P : + JQ: S ,= PJ+ jQ.,

dl= [A C 0240, A C 0150];
Hnh 11.4. S mng in
s=[62.3+j*38.6 42.2+j*28.9]; Vd1l"l4.
101
Z=0.5*dl(l).*L;
B=2*dl(2).*L;
Q b = j .* U lA2 .* B /2 ;
S23=S(2)-Qb(2);
dxl=0.1;
iter=0;
while abs(dxl) >= 0.01 & iter < 10
Iter = Iter + 1;
U 2o=l 10+J*0;
dP23=((real(S23))A2+(im ag(S23))''2)*real(Z(2))/U 1A2;
dQ 23=((real(S23))A2+(im ag(S23))A2)*im ag(Z (2))/U lA2;
dS23=dP23+j*dQ23; % Tong ton that cs tren doan 2-3
St23 = S(2)+dS23-Qb(2);
Ss 12=St23+S( 1)-Qb( 1);
dP12=((real(Ssl2))A2+(im ag(S sl2))A2 )* re a l(Z (l))/U lA2;
dQ 12=((real(Ssl2))A2+(im ag(S sl2))A2 )* im a g (Z (l))/U lA2;
dS12=dP12+j*dQ12; % Tong ton that cs tren doan 1-2
S tl2 = Ssl2+ dS 12;
S 1 2 = S tl2 -Q b (l);
dU 12=(real(S 12)*real(Z( 1))+imag(S 12)*imag(Z( 1)))/U 1:
U 2=U l-dU 12;
dxl=U 2-U 2o;
U 2o=U 2o+dxl;
dU23=(real(St23)*real(Z(2))+im ag(St23)*im ag(Z(2)))/U2;
dS=dS12+dS23;
U3=U2-dU23;
102
S12=S12+dS;
S23=S23+dS23;
U1=Un-dU12;
U2=U 1-dU 12-dU 23;
displ'Buoc dS12, MVA dS23, MVA dU 12,kV d U 2 3 ,k V ');
fprintf('%g'), disp([iter,dS 12,dS23.dll 12,dU 23]);
end
Ket qu hin th trn mn hnh l :
Buoc dS12,M VA dS23,MVA dU12,kV dU23, k v
1.0000 5.8421 +19.5223 0.5902 + 1.97231 16.8116 4.4202
2.0000 8.1059+27.08731 0.8614 + 2.8785 21.2921 5.7780
3.0000 8.9645 +29.95641 1.0341 + 3.45561 22.9930 6.3758
4.0000 9 .3 6 0 8 + 3 1.2806 1.1915 + 3.98161 23.7915 6.6970
5.0000 9.5946 +32.0620 1.3639 + 4.55761 24.2761 6.9231
6.0000 9 .7 8 1 6 +32.6867 1.5697 + 5.24551 24.6745 7.1340
7.0000 9.9751 +33.33331 1.8271 +6.1055 25.0930 7.3731
8.0000 1 1.2091 +34.11551 2.1593 + 7.21581 25.6007 7.6754
9.0000 11.5179 +35.14721 2.6016 + 8.6936 26.2673 8.0841
11.000 11.9509 +36.59421 3.2113+11.731 li 27.1938 8.6695
N h vy sau 10 bc lp ta nhn c cc kt qu tnh ton tn tht cng

sut dS v tn tht in p d u trn cc on dy 1-2 v 2-3. Bi ton ny c th
c gii vi s tr gip ca hm c lp sn trong toolbox:
[dS12,dS23,dU12,dU23] = cdxaclapl 10(U n,U l, L, dl, S ) ;
Kt qu nhn c cng ging nh cch gii trn, d nhin cch gii ny n

gin v thun tin hn rt nhiu, nhng lu l hm c d x a c la p lio phi c lp
sn v ct gi trong siu tp m.file.
103
11.4. T nh ton m ng in kin
tinh ton mng in kn, trc ht cn tch n thnh cc m ng in h ti
im phn dng i im c cung cp t hai pha. Mun vy, trc ht cn xc
nh cc dng in chy trong mch. Dng in t ngun A c xc inh theo
biu thc:
p x
1=1 UA-U .
I, = -
Zr -J Z z
Tng t, ta c th xc nh c dng in i t ngun B:

n
p A
U*-Vj
( 11 .2 )
V 3Z,
Trong cc tham s ca m ng in c biu th trn so hnh 11.5.
Z ,
z\ ,
Z ,
< T '-
z \ Z ,
Z A, 1 Z 1S 2 Z, 3 Z B
0 o
A
Ia
I, 1,2 1,2 . B
a) ,12
A Ia 1.2 B
1,2 Ib
-o
n I| I,, n
, I,
Hnh 11.5. S gii tch mng in hai ngun cung cp:

a) S tinh ton;
b) Phn tch mng in 2 ngun cung cp thnh 2 mng in mt ngun.
104
t
Vi d / / . 15.b. Mt x nghip cng nghip c cp in t mng in 22 k v
c hai ngun (hnh 11.6), ph ti Sp,=675 kVA, h s cng sut cos(p=0,8. ng
dy t ngun A n x nghip di 15,7 km l ng dy trn khng vi dy dan l
AC-70. cn t ngun B n l ng dy AC-50 di 13,4 km. Hy lp trnh trn
M ATLAB xc nh dng cng sut chy trn cc tuyn dy v hao tn in p cc
i trong mng.
G ii: Chng trnh MATLAB c th hin nh sau:
clear
DdU22; % Goi du lieu U=10kV

A B
u=22; Spt=675; cof=0.8; 1 1AC c Inc I
L=[15.7 13.4]; * Znc I
ZAC
Zo=[AC70, AC50]; , V
sinfi=sqrt( 1-cofiA2);
Hinh 11.6. S mng in v d 11.15.
P=Spt*cofi;
Q=Spt*sinfi;
Z=Zo.*L;
Pa=P*Z(:,2)/sum (Z);
Pb=P*Z(:,l)/sum (Z );
Qa=*Z(:,2)/sum (Z);
Q b=Q *Z(:.l )/sum(Z);
dUa=( Pa*real(Z(:, 1))+Q a*im ag(Z(:,l )))/U;
dU b=(Pb*real(Z(:,2))+Qb*im ag(Z(:,2)))/U;
dU=m ax(dU a.dUb);
dU pt=dU *10A-l/U ;
dispC Pa, kw Pb Qa, kVAr Qb d u , v ')

fprintf('%g'), disp([Pa,Pb,Q a,Qb,dU])
105
Ket qua la :
Pa, k w Pb Qa, kV A r Qb d. V
280.20 259.80 210.15 194.S5 151.22
Vi d 11.16. Mt mng in 22 kV c hai ngun cung cp (hinh 11.7). in

p trn thanh ci ca ngun A c gi tr 22.6 k v , cn trn thanh ci ngun B l 22
k v . Ph ti Sp,i= 240 kVA v s pl2 = 306 kVA, h s cos = 0.82. chiu di v m
hiu dy dn cho trong bng di. Hy xc nh im phn dng trong mng in.
on dy A-1 1-2 B-2
I, km 6,42 8,34 4,28
M hiu dy AC- 95 70 120
SA. s,: 2 s a:
m u
ZAl
Zp ^B2 B
'
Hnh 11.7. S mng in vi d 11.16.
G ii: D liu ca bi ton c khai bo:
clear all
DdU22;
u=[22.6, 22]; % Ua v Ub
Z0=[AC95, AC70. AC120];
L=[6.42, 8.34, 4.28];
Z=zo.*L;
s=[240 306];
cofi=0.82; sinf= sqrt(l-cofA2);
Spt=S.*cofi+j*S.*sinfi;
106
S a l= U (l)* (U (l)-
U (2))/sum (Z)+(Spt(:,l)*(Z(:,2)+Z(:,3))+Spt(:,2)*Z(:,3))/sum (Z);
Sb2=U(2)*(U(2)-
U (l))/sum (Z)+(Spt(:,2)*(Z (:,l)+Z(:,2))+Spt(:,l)*Z(:,l))/sum (Z);
S 12 = S al-S (:,l);
dispC S a l, kVA Sb2 S I 2)
fprintf('%g'), disp([Sa!,Sb2,S12])
Ket qu l:
S a l, kVA Sb2 S12 1.0e+002 *
1.8104 + 1.2995 2.6670 + 1.8253 -0.5896 + 1.2995
Bi ton ny c th giai vi s tr gip ca hm m dkin. C php nh sau:
clear
DdU22;
u= [22.6. 22]; % Ua v Ub
Z0=[AC95, AC70, AC 120];
L=[6.42, 8.34, 4.28];
Z=zo.*L;
s=[240 306];
cof=0.82;
[Sal,Sb2,S12J = m dkin(U ,zo,L,S,cofi);
Kt qua nhn c ging nh trn. R rng cch gii th hai ny rat n gin
v thun tin, i vi cc bi ton tng t ta ch cn khai bo kin v p dng
mt lnh duy nht nhn c kt qu mong mun.
Vi d 11.17. M ng in 110 k v c cu trc mch vng (hnh 11.8) vi dy

dn c lm bng loi AC.240. Chiu di cc on dy v cng sut ca cc im
tai c cho trong bng sau:
107
A i-B B-C C-D A j-D
1, km 67,3 48,6 59,7 88,4
im ti 1 2 3 4
s, MVA 13,4 9.5 23,7 28.6
COS(p 0,82 0,83 0,85 0,8
Hy xc nh dng cng sut trn cc on dy, iin phn dng v hao tn

in p ln nht trong mng in.
G ii: Trc ht ta thit lp s mng in hai ngun cung cp bng cch

ct ngun A thnh hai phn A, v A2 (hinh 11.8b). Cc d liu c khai bo di
dng ma trn. y ma trn ph ti gm hai dng v 4 ct: Dng th nht bieu th
cng sut ton phn s, cn dng th hai biu th h s cng sut tng ng.
C hng trinh M ATLAB c vit nh sau:
A|
o -
b) s4
Hnh 11.8. S mng in kn v d 11.17.
clear
D d U llO
U = 1 10;
L=[67.3 48.6 59.7 88.4];
s=[ 13.4 9.5 23.7 28.6;
108
0.82 0.83 0.85 0.8];
sinfi=sqrt( 1-S(2,:).A2);
Z=A C0240(1).*L;
Spt=S(l,:).* S(2,:)+j* S(l,:).*sinfi;
Sb=Spt(:, 1)+Spt(:,2);
Salb=(Sb*(sum (L)-L(:,l))+Spt(:,3)*(L(:,3)+L(:,4))+Spt(:,4)*L(:,4))/sum (L);
Sa2d=(Spt(4)*(sum (L)-L(:,4))+Spt(:,3)*(L(:,2)+L(:,l))+Sb*L(:,l))/sum (L);
Sbc = S alb - Sb;
S c d = S a 2 d -S p t(4 );
Q cal = UA2*A C0240(2)*L(:,1);
Qcbc=UA2*A C 0240(2)*L(:,2);
dU=(real(Sa 1b ) * L ( 1)+real(Sbc)*L(:,2))*real(A C 0240( 1))/U+...
((imag( Sa 1b)-Qca 1 /2 ) * L ( 1)+(imag(Sbc)-

Q cbc/2)*L(:,2))*im ag(A C0240( 1))/U; dpt=dU * 100/U;
dispC S alb,M V A Sa2d Sbc Scd')
fpnntf('% g), disp([Salb,Sa2d,Sbc,Scd])
dispCdU %')
fprintf('%g'), disp([dUpt])
Salh.M V A Sa2d Sbc S cd
33.0242+22.4122 28.8738+20.2010 14.1512+9.4438 5.998+ .0410
(IU % 8.9942
11.5. u n g dy truyn ti siu cao p
11.5.1. X c n h m h n h n g d y tr u y n t i in
c c ng dy thng c m t di dng mng hai ca (hinh 11.9).

H phng trnh trng thi ca ng dy l:
u , = A U 2 + BI2' (1 1 .3 )
i, = cu 2+ d i2
Hnh 11.9. M hnh mng 2 ca ng dy.
Hay c th biu th di dng ma trn:
'u ; 'A B~ 'u 2'

(1 1.4 )
c D J2 .
Trong :
U |, - in p u vo v u ra ca ng dy;
li, 2 - dng in u vo v u ra ca ng dy;
A,B,C,D - cc h s m hinh ng dy.
i vi ng dy ngn:
A=l; B=Z; c=0; D=l.

i vi ng dy trung bnh:
A= +~ ) ; B=Z; c = r(l + );) = (1 + ) (11.5)

2 4 2
i vi ng dy di:
A = c o sh ( l ) B = z c s in h ( x / ) ; c = sin h (y / ) ; D = cosh(l ) ( 11.6 )
Trong :
z , Y - in tr v in dn ca ng dy;
110
= \ Z o Yo - h s lan truyn sng trn mt n v chiu di
ng dy;
/ - chiu di ng dy, km.
Nhu' vy cc m hnh ng dy c biu th thng qua cc h so ABCD.

Trong MATLAB cc m hnh ng dy c th c xc nh nh s tr gip ca
cc hm c sn trong pow er system toolbox:
[Z, Y, ABCD]=zy2abcd(z,y,l),
[Z, Y, A BCD]=rlc2abcd(r,L,C,g,f,l),
[Z, Y, A BCD]=pi2abcd(Z,Y),
[Z, Y, ABCD]= abcd2pi(A,B,C),
[L,C]=gmd21c,
fr,L.C.f]=abcd2rlc(ABCD),
Ty thuc vo d kin u vo, mt trong cc hm trn c p dng cho

bi ton c th.
V d 11.18: ng dy 500kV di 310km c in tr dy dn l

z=0.045+j*0.4Q/km v in dan y=j*0.4*10A-6 siemens/km. Hy xc nh m
hnh pi tng ng v ma trn truyn ti.
G ii: bi ton ny ta chn hm [Z. Y, ABCD]=zy2abcd(z,y,l), trc ht ta

khai bo nh sau:
clear
7=0.045+) *0.4;
y=j*0.4*10A-6; 1=310;
[Z, Y, A BCD]=zy2abcd(z,y,l);
Sau khi thc hin chui lnh, chng trnh s nhc bn chn m hnh ng
dy ngn hay ng dy di:
Go so 1 coi voi dd trung binh hoac 2 cho dd dai >
111
Nu chn ng dy ngn g s 1, cn chn ng dy di, th g s 2.
Nu g s 2, tc l bn chn ng dy di, kt qu hin th trn mn hnh l:
M o hinh p i luong duong
Z ' = 13.8786 + j 123.686 ohms
Y' = 1.79297e-008 + j 0.000124159siem ens
Zc = 1001.58 + j -56.1615 ohms
alpha I = 0.00696403 neper beta 1 = 0.124195 radian = 7.11587 degree
0.99232 + j 0.00086269 13.879 + j 123.69
ABCD =
-3.5694e-008 + j 0.00012368 0.99232 + j 0.00086269
C ngha l: A= 0.99232 + j 0.00086269;
B=13.879 + j 123.69;
C=-3.5694e-008 + j 0.00012368;
D=A
y z c l in tr sng.
Khi bn g so 1, tc l chn m hnh ng dy trung bnh, lp tc kt qu

hin th trn mn hnh nh sau:
M o hnh pi tieu chuan
z = 1 3 .9 5 + j 124 ohms
Y = 0 + j 0.000124 Siemens
0.99231 + j 0.0008649 13.95 + j 124
ABCD =
-5.3624e-008 + j 0.00012352 0.99231 + J 0.0008649
I
11.5.2. Xc nh cc tham s ng dy truyn ti siu cao p
Tt c cc tham s ca ng dy truyn ti c th c xc nh vi s tr
gip ca hm lineperf. Chng trinh ny c nm la chn, mi la chn s gi
mt chng trnh h tr tng ng. Ta xt cc v d c th sau:
Vi d 11.19a: ng dy 500 k v di 450 km hai mch vi cc tham s cho

trc l: ro=0,035 )/km ; go=0 sim/km; L=0,86 mH/km, c=0,0123 /iF/km. Dng
in cho php ca ng dy l 3620 A. Hy xc nh cc tham s ng dy:
Khi bit ph ti cui ng dy p 2= 680 MW, Q2=510 M VAr, (h s

COS0=O,8).
Gii:
Sau khi bn g lnh lin ep erf\ th trn mn hnh s xut hin mt thc n
bng ting Vit khng du (vi M ATLAB nguyn bn, thc n bng ting Anh).
Ty thuc vo d kin v yu cu ca bi ton vi 5 la chn di dng nh sau:
M O H IN H DUONG D A Y TRUY E N TAI
Tham so vao Lua chon
- Cac tham so Iren mot don vi chieu dai
r(ohms), g(siemens) L(mH) & c (micro F) 1
- Dien Iro va dien dan phuc tren don vi chieu dai
r+j*x (ohms/km), g+ j*b (siemens/km) 2
- M o hinh p i hoac mo hinh luong dcmg p i 3
- Cac hang so A, B, c , D 4
- Cau hnh va kch thuoc day dan 5
- Thoai kiw i chuong trinh 0
Chng trnh s yu cu bn la chn cc thc n:
Huy chon so hieu thuc don >
bi ton ny bn cn g s 1, khi m y s ln lt yu cu bn vo d
liu theo bi l:
113
8.MATLAB... 12-A
Chieu dai = 450
Tan so H z = 50
Dien tro dd/phase, ohm s/bn r = 0.035
Dien cam dd/phase, millihenry/km L = 0.86
Dien dung dd/phase, micro F/km c = 0.0123

Dieti dan da/phase, siemens/km g = 0
Go I cho duong day trung binh hoac 2 cho duong day dai > 2
y chcmg trinh nhc bn chn m hnh ng dy, nu l ng dy

ngn, thi bn chn s 1, cn i vi ng dy di, th chn s 2 (trong trng hp
ca chng ta bn chn s 2).
Khi kt qu s c hin th ngay trn m n hinh:
M o hinh pi tuong duong
Z = 14.6575 + j 117.41 ohms
Y' = 4.14188e-006 + j 0.00177016 siemens
Zc = 264.973 + j -17.0915 ohms
alpha 1 = 0.02972 neper beta 1 = 0.460754 radian = 26.39930
0.89611 + j 0.013216 14.657 + j 117.41
ABCD =
-7 .7 7 0 6 e-006+ j 0.0016782 0.89611 + j 0.013216
C hng trinh nhc bn nu tip tc bi ton, thi g enter, cn khng thi g s

0 thot khi chng trnh. Trong trng hp ny bn cn phi tip tc. mun
vy bn g enter, khi hm lin e p e r f s t ng to ra mt thc n khc, gi l
listm enu gm 9 la chn, bn c th la chn cc thc n cn thit cho bi ton
ph hp.
114
8.MATLAB /2-B
G IAI TICH THAM s o D U ONG DA Y
Lua chon
- Tinh toan cac tham so dau vao khi da cho
phu lai dau ra (ben nhan) MW, M var 1
- Tinh loan cac tham so dau ra khi da cho
cong suat dau vao MW, M var 2
- Tinh toan cac tham so dau vao khi da biet
dien tro phu tai 3
- D d mo & bu phan khang 4
- D d ngan 5
- Bu phan khang 6
- Bieu do Cong suat dau nhan 7
- D uong cong kha nang mang tai va dien ap doc dd 8
- Tltoal khoi chung trinh 0
e xc nh cc tham s ca ng dy khi bit ph ti u cui, ta

chn s 1. Khi chng trnh nhc bn vo cc d liu:
in p =500;
Cng sut tc dng =680;
c n g sut phn khng =510
Kt qu nhn c cc tham s ca ng dy trn mn hnh l:
Tham so dd khi da biet tham so dau ra
Vr = 500 k v (L-L) at 0
Pr = 680 M IV Q r = 510 M var
Ir - 981.495 A at -36.86990 P F r = 0.8 thu dong
Vs = 606.92 kV (L -L ) at 14.43910
115
Is = 709.926 A at -2.65428s Ph's = 0.955827 thu dong
P s = 713.320 M W Qs = 219.355 M var
PL = 33.320 M W QL = -290.645 M var
Phan tram dieu chinh dien ap = 35.4414
Hieu sual truyen tai dd = 95.3289
Vi d 11.19b: Cng d liu nh Vi d 11.19a. Xc nh cc tham s cui

ng dy v hiu sut truyn ti, khi bit cng sut truyn ti l Ss=713,3+j535
M V A in p 520 k v ti u ng dy.
G ii: y sau khi n enter tip, thc n listm enu li hin th. By gi bn
chn so 2, khi chng trnh tip tc vu cu vo cc d kin u bi, bn thc
hin cc thao tc g d liu tng ng: in p, cng sut, v.v. vo my v n
enter, khi kt qu s c hin th trn mn hnh nh sau:
Tham so d d khi da biet tham so dau vao
Vs = 520 k V (L-L) at 00
Ps = 713.3 M W Qs = 535 M var
Is = 989.978 A a t -36.87120 PFs = 0.799987 thu dong
Vr = 353.587 kV (L -L ) a t -23.16650
Ir = 1253.09 A at -54.93660 PFr = 0.850168 thu dong
P r 652.443 M W Q r = 404.059 M var
PL = 60.857 M W QL = 130.941 M var
P han tram dieu chinh dien ap = 64.0958
H ieu suat truyen tai dd = 91.4683
V d 11.19c: Xc nh cc tham s u ng dy v hiu sut truyn ti

khi bit in tr ph ti cui ng dy Zf=312 +j 150 in p 500 k v .
G ii: Thc hin cc thao tc tng t nh trn, nhng by gi ta chn s 3

khi my s yu cu vo cc d kin u bi l in p v in tr ph ti:
116
u=500
z = 3 12+j 150
Ket qu l:
Dac tinh dd doi voi tro tai xac dinh
Vr = 500 kV (L-L) at 00
Ir= 833.876 A a t -25.67680 PFr = 0.901252 thu dong
Pr = 650.846 MW Qr = 312.907 Mvar
Vs = 561.109 k V (L -L ) at 15.53370
Is = 697.19 A at 14.16560 PFs = 0.999715 thu dong
Ps = 677.383 MW Qs = 16.178 Mvar
PL = 26.537 MW QL = -296.729 Mvar
Phan tram hieu chinh den p = 25.218
Hieu suat dd truyen tai = 96.0824
V d 11.19d: Xc nh in p cui ng dy khi ng dy kt thc h,

in p u ng dy l 500 k v , ng thi xc nh in tr v cng sut ca
cun khng ba pha lp cui ng dy hn ch in p cui ng dy khi
ng dy khng ti khng vt qu 500 k v .
G ii: i vi bi ton ny ta cng thc hin cc thao tc nh trn, nhng

chn s 4 ca listm enu . sau khi vo cc d liu theo yu cu v an enter, kt qu
hin tli trn mn hnh l:
Duong day mo v cuon khang bu shunt
V s = 500 k v (L-L) at 00
Vr = 557.905 k V (L -L ) a t -0.01474730
Is = 540.576 A at 89.42030 PFs = 0.0101169 chu dong
117
Dien ap can thiet khong tai phia dau nhan Voi cuon khang bu shunt k v (L-
L) = 500
Dien ap can thiet khong tai phia dau nhan = 500 kV
Dien tro khang cuon day Shunt = 1129.84 ohm
Cong suat cuon day Shunt = 221.27 M var
Ngoi kt qu hin th trn mn hnh, ca s th ta cn nhn c biu

in p dc ng dy trong trng hp c b v khng c b, th hin trn
hnh 11.10.
Dien ap doc dd khi khong tai, XLsh = 1129.8374 ohms
Hnh 11.10. Biu in p dc ng dy trong trng hp c b

v khng c b.
V i d 11.19e: Xc nh cc dng in u v cui ng d\ khi cui

ng dy ni ngn mcli .
G ii: i vi bi ton ny ta chn s 5
Chon so hieu cua menu > 5
Dien ap dav dau vao k v = 500
118
Goc pha dien ap dau vao 0 (lham chieu go 0 ) = 0
Ngan much cuoi duong day
Vs = 500 k v (L-L) at 00
Ir = 2439.75 A a t -82.8840
h = 2186.53 A at -82.03910
V d 1 1 .1 9 f: Cng vi d kin V d 11.19a.
1) Hy xc nh cng sut t b ngang (shunt) duy tr in p cui ng

dy 500 k v khi in p u ng dy l 500 kV.
G ii: y ta chn thc n s 6, khi mt thc n mi xut hin nh

sau:
BU CONG S U A T P H AN KHANG
Phan lich Lua chon
Bu ngang (shunt) 1
Bu doc (noi tiep) 2
Bu doc v bu ngang 3
Thoa! 0
y ta li chn thc on 1 v vo cc d kin cn thit v sau khi n enter

ta nhn c kt qua:
Vs = 500 k V (L-L) at 19.36870
Vr = 500 k v (L-L) at 0
P oad = 680 M W Q load = 510 M var
Load current = 981.495 A at -36.86990 P Fl = 0.8 lagging
R equired shunt capcitor: 505.873 ohm, 5.24357 micro F, 494.195 M var
Shunt capacitor current = 570.647 A at 90

P r = 680.000 M W Q r = 15.805 M var
Ir = 785.408 A a t- 1 .331460 P Fr = 0.99973 lagging
Is = 849.25 A at 34.2930 PFs = 0.966267 leading
Ps = 711.662 M W Qs = -189.415 M var
PL = 30.662 M W QL = -205.220 M var
Percent Voltage Regulation = 11.5809
Transmission line efficiency = 95.6854
2) Xc nh hiu sut ng dy khi c s hin din ca t b dc vi 40%
Trong trng hp ny ta chn thc n 2 ca menu b cng sut phn

khng v vo cc d liu cn thit, kt qu nhn c l:
Vr = 500 kV (L -L ) at 0
Pr = 680 M U' Q r = 5 1 0 M va r
Required series capacitor: 46.9642 ohm, 56.481 micro F, 34.2193 M var
Subsynchronous resonant frequency = 31.6228 Hz
Ir = 981.495 A at -36.86990 PFr = 0.8 lagging
Vs - 567.403 k v (L -L ) at 8.86244o
Is = 743.271 A at -3.610860 PFs = 0.976397 lagging
P s = 713.224 M W Qs = 157.769 M var
PL = 33.224 M W QL = -352.231 M var
3) ng dy c 40% b dc vi ph ti bi ton a). Hy xc nh cng sut

t b ngang mc ti cui ng dy duy tri in p 500 kV khi in p u
ng dy l 500 kV.
G ii: bi ton ny ta chn thc n 3 ca menu b cng sut phn khne

v vo cc d liu cn thit, kt qu nhn c l:
120
Vs = 500 kV (L -L ) at 11.79770
Vr = 500 k v (L-L) at 0
Pload = 680 M W Qload = 510 M var
Load current = 981.495 A at -36.86990 PFl = 0.8 lagging
Required shunt capcitor: 494.766 ohm, 5.36129 micro F, 505.289 M var
Shunt capacitor current = 583.458 A at 90
Required series capacitor: 46.9642 ohm, 56.481 micro F, 31.9358 M var
Subsynchronous resonant frequency = 31.6228 Hz
Pr = 680 M W Qr = 4.71072 M var
Ir = 785.215 A at -0.3969120 PFr = 0.999976 lagging
Is = 888.397 A at 34.27280 PFs = 0.924046 leading
Ps = 711.937 M W Qs = -294.117 M var
PL = 30.937 M W QL = -298.828 M var
V d U .1 9 g : C ng vi d kin V d 11.19, xc nh biu cng sut

cui ng dy.
G ii: bi ton ton ny ta chn thc n 7 ca m enu kt qu nhn c

biu hnh 11.11.
V d 11.19H: Xc nh biu in p dc ng dy theo cc trng hp:

khng ti. ti nh mc, ng dy c ph ti cuing dy l SIL (surge
im pedance loading), tc l ti ng vi ng dy khng tn tht v ng dy
ngn mch v biu kh nng m ang ti ca ng dy.
i vi bi ton ny ta chn thc n 8 ca m enu.
T rn mn hinh xut hin thc n mi vi 2 la chn dng:
121
Bieu do cong suat Vs: tu Vrden 1.3Vr
-800-
500 1000 1500

Pr. MW
Hinh 11.11. Biu cng sut ca ng dy truyn ti.
Dien ap doc dd mang tai
Lua chon
- Bieu do dien ap doc dd 1
- D uong cong kha nang m ang tai cua dd 2
- Thoat 0
1) Chon thuc don --> 1
Ket qu ta nhn c biu in p hnh 11.12.
Chn thc n 2 v vo cc d liu cn thit
122
in p u ng dy 500;
in p cui ng dy: 500;
in p danh nh: 500
Dng in mang ti: 3620 A/pha
Ket qu ta nhn c biu kh nng mang ti ca ng dy hnh 11.13.
V o lta g e profile fo r le ng th u p to 1/8 wavelength Zc = 2 64 .97 32 ohm
Hinh 11.12 Biu in p dc ng dy trong cc trng hp

khng ti, c ti, ngn mch.
123
Loadability curve for length up to 1/4 wavelength
Line length
Hnh 11.13. Biu kh nng mang ti ca ng dy.
11.6. T nh ton c hc ng dy
Tnh ton c hc ng dy l xc nh cc v nh gi cc i lng ng
sut, vng v cc tham s c hc khc ca ng dy, nhm m bo an ton
cKo ng dy trong qu trinh vn hnh. Bi ton c hc ng dy c bt u
t vic xc nh ti trng c hc:
T ti ca dy nhm li thep (AC) c xc nh theo biu thc:
g, = 1,025. m F + m F kG /m .m m : (11.7)
F +F
Trong :
ma v m s - t trng ca phn nhm v phn thp ca dy dn;
Fa, Fs - tit din ca phn nhm v phn thp.
T ti ca gi ln dy dn l:
( 11 . 8 )
p - p lc gi tc dng ln dy dn, kG; a - h s khng u ca gi;

k, - h s ng lc ca khng kh; d - ng knh dy dn, mm, V -
tc gi, m/s; F din tch tit din dy dn, mm2.
T ti tng hp g bng:
(11.9)
ng sut c xc nh t phng trinh:
Trong :
1 - khong vt ca ng dy, m;
a - h s gin n theo nhit ca nguyn liu cu to dy dn, 1 /;
R = , l h s ko di n hi. mm:/N.
E
E: - mun n hi ca dy dn, N/mm ;
SyM- nhit ng vi tc gi cc i.
vng f nhit tng ng:
f = i
8
c tnh c hc ca ng dy c coi l bnh thng, nu cc gi tr ca

ng sut v vng lun nh hn cc gi tr cho php ng vi cc iu kin
nng n nht l khi nhit cc tiu v khi tc gi cc i.
Vi d 11.20 Hy tnh ton c hc ng dy 10 k v lm bng dy dn

A C.70. bit s liu v khi t n g cua khu vc ng dy i qua nhir sau: tc gi
ln nht v=28m /s nhit 0 V.M= 14C; nhit thp nht c th xut hin l
0lin=5oC; vng cc i fM=2m.
125
G ii: Cc tham s ca ng dy c th gi ra bng lnh D ulieucohocdi
hoc lnh AC. Trong trng hp my cha ci d liu ny, thi cn phi khai bo
y phn din tch tit din nhm v thp theo bng tra d liu ng dy trong
cc ph lc thit k. Chng trnh M ATLAB c son tho nh sau:
Nu cn tra s liu v dy dn ta g: AC, sau khi n enter trn mn hnh xut

hin li nhc:
Go ma hieu day dan giua cac dau phay en (')->
Ta g tip DAC70 vo gia cc u phy trn 'D AC70' v n enter th s

nhn c cc thng tin sau:
d Fal F fe rO Ic p .n g Icp.tr III
cm mm2 mm2 Ohm/km A A kg/km
1.14 68.00 11.34 0.46 217 172 275
clear
ga=2.7; gs =7.85; % So lieu day nhom loi theo (day AC)
xicm =17; Ea=6300; Es=20000; alpa=23*10A(-6); alps=12*10A(-6); f=2;
te tl= 1 4 ; tetm in = 5; v = 2 8 ; kx = 1 .2 ;
Dulieucohocdd;
F70= [6 8 11 34]; % Neu da CO D ulieucohocdd roi thi khong can du lieu nay
a=interpl(vb,ab,v); % He so a
epxt=interpl(X iA C ,epx,xicm ); % He so gian dai tuong doi (epxt)
fo r tet2 = 5 :5 :4 0 % K h o i d au v o n g lap
E=xicm/epxt; % M o dun dan hoi
bet= l/E ; % He so keo dal dan hoi
k=F70(l)/F70(2); % Ty le tiet dien day nhom /thep
gl=1.025*(ga*F70(l)+gs*F 70(2))*10A(-3)/(F70(l)+F70(2)); % T y tai trong

luong
126
g2=0.0625*a*kx*vA2*d70*10A(-3)/(F70(l)+F70(2)); % Ty tai ap luc gio
g = sq rt(g lA2+g2A2); % Ty tai tong hop
alpO=(k*alpa*Ea+alps*Es)/(k*Ea+Es); % He so gian no nhiet
lgh=xicm *sqrt(24*alpO *(tetl-tetm in)/(gA2 -g lA2)); % Khoang vuot toi han
l=sqrt( 8 *xicm*f/g); % Khoang vuot thuc te
B=gA2*lA2/(24*bet*xicm A2)-alp0*(tetl-tet2)/bet-xicm ;
C = -g lA2*lA2/(24*bet);
p= [l B O C ];
xichm a=roots(P) % Ung suat tinh toan
fl= g l *lA2/( xichm a* 8 ) % Do vong tinh toan
end
Kt qu hin th trn mn hnh:
xichm a =
16.53
-0.29
-0.29
fl =
0.96 0 0
xichm a =
15.77
-0.32
-0.32
fl =
1.01 0 0
xichm a =
127
15.02
-0.35
-0.35
fl =
1.06 0 0
xichm a =
14.28
-0.39
-0.39
1.11 0 0
xichma =
13.55
-0.43
-0.43
fl-
1.17 0 0
xichm a
12.84
-0.48
-0.48
1.24 0 0
xichm a =
12.13
128
- 0.54
-0.54
fl =
I.31 0 0
xichm a =
II.4 5
-0.60
-0.60
fl =
1.39 0 0
Tong hp kt qu di dng bng sau:
0, c 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
, kG/mm2 16.53 15.77 15.02 14.28 13.55 1 2 .8 4 12 .1 0 11.45
f, m 0.96 1.01 1.06 1.11 1.17 1.24 1.31 1.39
V d 11.21 H y xy dng ng cong lp dng = f,(9) v f = f 2 (0) ca

ng dy 10 k v vi cc d liu nh v d 1 1 .2 0 .
G ii: Trc ht bi ton c gii vi cc lnh tng t nh bi 11.20. Sau

khi nhn c kt qu, ta b sung cc lnh v biu . c cc ng cong hi
ha, cc trc th phi c ln tng ng nhau, mun vy ta cn chuyn i
n v ca vng ra dm. Cc lnh v th c th hin nh sau:
clear
tet=[5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40];
xichm a=[16.53 15.77 15.02 14.28 13.55 12.84 12.10 11.45];
f=[9.6 11.1 11.6 11.1 11.7 12.4 13.1 13.9]; % Doi ra cm
plot(tet,xichm a, tet,f),grid
xlabelCNhiet do, C'); ylabel('Ung suat', kG/mmA2; Do vong, dm')
129
9MATLA8. /2-A
title('Bieu do duong cong xay lap')
Kt qu ta nhn c biu ng cong xy lp trn hnh 11.14.
Bieu do duong cong xay lap
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Nhiet do, oC
Hnh 11.14. Biu d irng cong xy lp ng dy trn khng vi d 11.21
11.7. Bi tp
B i tp 11.1. Hy xc nh cc tham s h thng v s thay th ca ng
dy 110 k v c dy dn l ACO -240, chiu di 1 = 96,5 km , khong cch gia cc
pha l 5,6 m. in dn sut ->=31,5 l/(fi.m ), cc h s m 0 = 0,88; m, = 0.8 v 5 =
0,95. ng knh trung bnh ca dy A C 0.240 ! d=2,16cm.
B i tp 11.2: Hy xc nh cc tham s h thng v s thay th ca ng

dy 10 k v c dy dn l AC-95, chiu di 1 = 14,5 km, khong cch gia cc pha
l l,4m . ng kinh trung bnh ca dy AC.95 l d = l,35 cm.
130
9.M AT1 A R r>JR

B i tp 11.3: Xc nh cc tham s GM D (khong cch trung bnh hnh hc),
GM RL (bn knh ng trj trung bnh hnh hc tnh in cm) v GM RC (bn
knh ng tr trunh binh hnh hc tnh in dung) ca ng dy truyn ti hai
mch c b tri dy dn theo chiu dc theo cc kch thc th hin trn hnh
11.15, dy dn c ng knh l 2,67 cm c phn pha vi 4 si mi pha, bn
knh trung bnh hinh hc GM R =1,08 cm, khong cch trung bnh gia cc si l
35cm.
a b c
^
o
A
~ Y
r \ -
12 4 12 ------- 12 --------------
X 12
4 ------ 15
M----------------------- 24 ------------- 24
Hnh 11.15. S b tri dy dn ca ng dy truyn ti bi tp 11.3.
B i tp 11.4. Xc nh cc tham s in cm v in dung ca ng dy

truyn ti hai mch b tr theo chiu ngang vi cc d kin nh bi tp 11.3.
B i tp 11.5. Hy xc nh cc tham s ca s thay th my bin p phn

phi hai cun dy loi TM -630/22 vi cng sut l 0,63 MVA v in p nh mc
l 22/0,4 kV vi cc thng s: AP0=1,2 k\V; APk=8,2 kW; u k=4% v I0 =5,5% .
B i tp 11.6. Hy xc nh cc tham s ca s thay th my bin p hai

cun dy loi T /P-125000/220 vi cng sut nh mc s ba=125 MVA, in p
nh m c 2 3 0 /38,5 kV ; AP0= 1 15 kW , APk=380 k w , u k= l l % ; Io=0,5% .
B i tp 11.7: Hy xc nh cc tham s h thng my bin p ba cun dy

AT/U TH-25000/220, cng sut nh mc s=25 MVA, in p jnh mc
230/115/38,5 kv, vi cc tham s: AP=41, kW; APCT=130; 210kW;
APch=1 10kW; APth=1 10kW; U kCT=12,5%; UktH=20% ; UkTH=6,5%; lo =1,2%
B i tp 11.8: Hy xc nh cc tham s h thng my bin p ba cun dy

T /T H -60000/115/38,5 cng sut nh mc 60 MVA, vi cc tham s: Un =
230/38,5/13,5 kV; APo=190 kW; APk=355kW; UkCT=17,5% ; UkCH=10,5% ;
UkTH=7% ; lo =3%
131
B i tp 11.9. Hy xc nh hao tn in p trn ng dy 10 kV lm bng
dy dn AC-150 di 16,4 km, cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy l s=558,6 kVA;
h s c n g su t COS<P=0,82.
B i lp 11.10. Hy xc nh hao tn in p cc i trn ng dy phn

nhnh 22kV (hinh 11.16) vi s liu nh sau: Ph ti ti im c l Sc = 687 kVA
v ti im l SD = 718 h s coscp = 0,82. Cc tham s khc cho trong bng
sau :
on dy AB BC BD
Dy dn AC 120 70 50
Chiu di, km 21 18,5 22
B i tp 11.11. Hy xc nh, hao tn in ln nht trong m ng in chiu

sng ba pha in p pha l 220V, chiu di 520m c ph ti khng i xng mc
theo hnh sao, bit dng in chy trn cc pha l IA = 37,7A, IB = 32,4A v Ic =
21, 6 A dy pha c lm bng dy A50 v dy trung tnh ! A35.
B i tp 1.12. Hy xc nh hao tn in p trong my bin p TM-800/22,

c cc tham s Sb=800 kVA, APk=10,5 kw v Uk=5,5%, bit cng sut truyn ti
trn ng dy l s=786,63 kVA; h s cng sut coscp = 0,80.
B i tp 11.13: Hy xc nh hao tn cng sut v in nng trn ng dy

35 k v lm bng dy dan A C -70 di 47,5 km, cung cp cho mt nh m y c ph ti
tnh ton l s = 2270 kV A , (hnh 11.17), h s cng sut cos<p=0,8. Thi eian s
dng cng sut cc i T s(=5720 h.
132
Hnh 11.17. S mng in bi tp 11.13.
Bi tp 11.14. Hy tnh ch xc lp ca mt ng dy kp 11 Okv gm 2

ph tai (hnh 11.18) on u di 105 km lm bng dy 2xA C 0.300, on th 2
di 82,6 km lm bng dy 2xA C 0.150. Ph ti s 2 = 63,4+j32,3 MVA, s 3 =
27+J 14,9 MVA. in p ti ngun cung cp l 115 kV.
~ ' *
S : = P 2+jQ: S , = P,+jQ,
Hnh 11.18. S ng dy bi tp 11.14.
B i tp II. 15.b. Mt x nghip cng nghip c cp in t mng in 10 k v

c hai ngun (hnh 11.9), ph ti Sp,=283,45 kVA, h s cng sut COS(P=0,82.
ng dy t ngun A n x nghip di 13,5 km l ng dy trn khng vi dy
dn l AC-50, cn t ngun B n l ng dy AC-35 di 9,13 km. Hy lp trnh
trn MATLAB xc nh dng cng sut chy trn cc tuyn dy v hao tn in p
cc i trong mng.
u=22 kv
Hnh 11.19. S m ng in bi tp 11.15.
B i tp 11.16. Mt mng in 35 kV c hai ngun cung cp (hnh 11.20),

in p trn thanh ci ca n g u n A c gi tr 37 kv, cn trn thanh ci ngun B l
36,5 k v . Ph ti Spti= 3240 kV A v Sp,2 = 2617 kVA, h s coscp = 0,83, chiu di
v m hiu dy dn cho trong bang di. Hy xc nh im phn dng trong
mng in.
on dy A-1 1-2 B-2
1, km 26,2 18,45 14,8
M hiu dy AC- 150 95 120
SA1 S|2 2 S b2
o
A Z ai
Z b2 B
B i tp 11.17. M ng in 220 kV c cu trc mch vng (hnh 11.21) vi

dy dn c lm bng loi A C 0.300, Chiu di cc on dy v cng sut ca
cc im ti c cho trong bng b tl 1.17sau:
Hnh 11.21. S mng in kin bi tp 11.17.
Bng bt11.17
Ai-B B-C C-D Aj-D
I, km 117 86 79 104
im ti 1 2 3 4
s, MVA 34,2 19,3 37,8 46
cosip 0,84 0,84 0,85 0.84
Hy xc nh dng cng sut trn cc on dy, im phn dng v hao tn

in p ln nht trong m ng in.
134
B i tp 11.18. ng dy 500 kV di 612 km c in tr dy dn l
z=0.052+j*0.41 /k m v in dn y=j*0.392*10A-6 siemens/km. Hy xc nh m
hnh pi tng ng v ma trn truyn ti.
B i tp 11.19. ng dy 500 k v di 524 km hai mch vi cc tham s cho

trc l: r()=0,045J/km; go=0 siemen/km; L=0,82mH/kin, C=0,0132/xF/km. Hy:
a) Xc nh cc tham s m hnh ng dy;
b) Xc nh cc tham s u vo khi bit ph ti cui dfd l p 2= 453 MW ,

Q =312 MVAr.
B i tp 11.20. Hy tnh ton c hc ng dy 22 kV lm bng dy dn

AC.95, bit s liu v kh tng ca khu vc ng dy i qua nh sau: tc gi
ln nht v=32m /s nhit 0 ViM=15C; nhit thp nht c th xut hin l
9nn,=50C; vng cc i fM=2,3m.
B i tp 11.21 Hy xy dng ng cong lp dng = fi(0) v f = f2 (0) ca

ng dy 10 kV vi cc d liu nh v d 1 1 .2 0 .
M t s chng trnh c bn c sn p dng trong chng 11:
DdU0.4, DdUlO, DdU22, DdU35, D dU llO , DdU220 v DdU500 cho php

tra cc d liu v ng dy ng vi cp in p xc nh;
AC cho php tra cc tham s v kch thc ca cc dy dn;
acsr, cho php hin th m dy dn v cc tham s ca dy ACSR;
BA10; BA22, BA35, BAI 10, BA220 v BA500 cho php tra cc tham s
cua my bin p cc cp in p xc nh;
tsoddtt cho php xc nh cc tham s ca ng dy truyn ti;
tsoddpp cho php xc nh cc tham s ca ng dy phn phi;
gmd cho php xc nh khong cch trung bnh hnh hc gia cc dy dn;
tsom bapp 2 cd cho php xc nh tham s ca mba pp hai cun dy;
tsom ba3cd cho php xc nh cc tham s ca mba ba cun dy;
cdxaclapl 10 cho php tnh ton ch xc lp ca m 1 lOkV;
135
mdkin cho php tnh ton mng in kn;
zy 2 abcd v rlc 2 abcd cho php xc nh cc h s m hnh ng dy;
lineperf cho php xc nh cc tham s v hiu sut truyn ti ca ng

dy siu cao p;
Dulieucohocdd cho php tra cc tham s c hc ca ng dy.
136
Chng 12
Gii tch mng in
12.1. Phn loi cc nt trong h thng in

e gii tch ch xc lp ca mng in ta cn gi thit l ph ti khng
i trong qu trinh tnh ton ng thi gi thit l in p my pht c iu
chinh trn v coi nh khng i. d dng cho qu trnh tnh ton, tt c cc nt
ca h thng c phn thnh cc loi sau.
12.1.1. N t c n b a n g
Trong mi mng in ngi ta chn mt nt lm nt cn bang (sw ing hay

slack bus) hay cn gi l nt tham chiu, l nt c bin v gc pha ca in
p xc nh. Nt ny to ra s khc bit gia ph ti v cng sut pht do c s
tn tht trong mng in. Thng thi nt cn bang c chn l nt c cng sut
pht rt ln. N t cn bang c m (code) l 1.
12.1.2. N t t i
Nt ti (load bus) l nt khng c my pht, m ch c ph ti, tc l cc

cng sut pht P(i v Qg bang zero, cc nt ti cng sut tc dng v cng sut
phn khng c xc nh, cc nt ny bin v gc pha ca in p cha
c bit. Nt ti cn c gi l nt P-Q. Trong chng trinh tnh ton nt ti c
m l 0. Ti c th hin trong on v MW v MVAr, i vi cc nt ny gi tr
ban u ca in p cn c n nh trc (thng l 1 i vi ln v 0 i
vi gc pha). Neu cc gi tr v ln v gc pha in p bit, th ly lm
gi tr xut pht thay cho 1 v 0 .
137
12.1.3. Nt iu chnh
Nt iu chinh (regulated bus) l nt c my pht, cng sut pht ti cc nt
ny c iu khin qua ng c s cp, trong khi in p c iu khin bi
h thng kch t ca my pht, nh vy c th duy tr c gi tr khng i ca
cng sut pht PG v in p I Ui I ti nt ny. Chnh vi vy m cc nt ny cn
c tn l nt P-V. cc nt ny cng sut tc dng v gi tr in p bit cn
gc pha in p v cng sut phn khng s c xc nh. Cc gii hn v gi tr
ca cng sut phn khng MVAr phi c c cho trc, c n lu rang cng
sut phn khng cung cp bi cc my pht Qci ph thuc vo cu hinh ca h
thng v khng th xc nh trc c, bi vy ta cn phi xc nh gc pha
cha bit ca in p nt. Nt iu chinh c m l 2.
Cc c tnh ca cc nt c tng kt trong bng sau:
M nt Nt Loi D liu xc nh
1 Cn bng Tham chiu |U|, gc
0 Ti P-Q P.Q
2 iu chnh p-v p, u
12.2. Biu th cc tham s h thng ca cc phn t trong h n

v tng i
Phn ln cc chng trinh M A TLAB c xy dng tnh ton, gii tch

m ng in trong h n v tng i, trong khi c rt nhiu bi ton c ly t
s liu ca mng in thc t, bi vy c th p dng thun tin cc chung
trnh M A TLAB, trc ht ta cn phi chuyn i cc i lng sang h cm v
tng i, ng vi ch c bn.
Vic xc nh cc tham s ca cc phn t (R, X v B/2) trong h n v

tng i, ng vi ch c bn c t'ic hin theo cc biu thc:
138
TT Cc phn t Gi tr in tr trong h n v tng i
1 H thng
Y ht* ^Qcb
2 My pht
II
X
X
1
3 My bin p
R
K B*
APkSb
q2 '
BA
7 u ks cb .
B' 100SBA
X B, = y ]Z B. Rq,
4 ng dy
R
K dd* - r 0l S*
r t2
ud
X dd* - xA0ll J^ j2
d
Trong cc cng thc trn:
s k - cng sut ngn mch ca h thng (nu khng bit trc s k th o th

coi s k = s c, ca my ct tng ca mng in cn tnh ton ngan mch),
MVA;
s cb - cng sut c bn, MVA;
u d - in p nh mc ca ng dy, kV;
s,p - cng sut nh mc ca my pht, MVA;
S0A - cng sut nh mc ca my bin p, MVA;
x"j - in tr siu qu dc trc my pht;
Uk -in p ngn mch ca my bin p, %;
r0. X() - sut in tr tc dng v phn khng ca ng dy. Q /km;
1 - chiu di ng dy, km;
139
Chng trinh M ATLAB vo/)u// 7 '0 (U cb,M p.M BA .D d) c xy dng
chuyn i cc tham s sang h n v tng i. Trong Mp. MBA v Di
tng ng l cc ma trn d liu ca my pht, my bin p v ng dy:
a. Ma trn d liu ca my pht gm 5 ct: ct th nht l s lng my

pht, ct th hai l cng sut tc dng, M W , ct th 3 l in p nh
mc u, kv, ct th 4 l sut in ng E, pu v ct th 5 l in tr qu
hoc siu qu ca my pht x d, pu (trong h n v tng i ng
vi che nh mc).
b. Ma trn d liu ca my bin p gm 5 ct: ct th nht l s lng my

bin p, ct th hai l cng sut nh mc, MVA, ct th 3 l in p
nh mc s cp U1, k v , ct th 4 l in p nh mc th cp U|, kv
v ct th 5 l in p ngn mch, Uk %.
c. Ma trn d liu ca my bin p gm 5 ct: ct th nht l chiu di

ng dy. km, ct th hai l in p nh mc, k v , ct th 3 l sut in
tr tc dng r0l /km , ct th 4 l sut in tr phn khng Xo, n /km , ct
th 5 l sut in dung dn b0, sim/km.
u 4= l 15 kV
Hnh 12.1. S h thng in vi d 12.1.
140
V d 12.1: Cho mng in truyn ti (hinh 12.2) d kin v cc phn t
mng in cho trong bng b tl2 .1 . Hy p dng cc chng trnh M ATLAB xc
nh cc tham s ca cc phn t trong h n vj tng i.
Bng bt12.1. Cc d kin ca cc phn t mng in
NM1 Smp= 1x300MVA Un=6,3 kV E- = 1,05 x"d =0,20
NM2 Smp=1x200MVA Un=6,3 kv E* = 1,05 xd =0,15
NM3 Smp=1x400MVA Un=10,5kV E* = 1,1 x"d =0,25
TBA1 S ba= 1x200 MVA 6,3/115kV Uk =10,5%
cn
V?
S ba=1 x125 MVA
II
TBA2 6,3/115kV
P
TBA3 S 0A=1x200 MVA 10,5/115kV Uk =10,5%
D 1 li = 78 km u = 115 kV Xo =0,4Q/km ro=0,1 bo=2,80.10'6

sim/km
D 2 l_2 = 135 km u = 115kV xo=0,41Q/km ro=0,080 bo=2,84.10"6

sim/km
D 3 l_2 = 120 km u = 115kV xo=0,4Q/km ro=0,085 bo=2,82.10"6

sim/km
D 4 u = 82 km u = 115kV Xo=0,39Q/km ro=0,1 b0=2,80.l06

sim/km
D 5 l_5 = 117 km u = 115kV Xo=0,39Q/km ro=0,1 bo=2,80.10'6

sim/km
G ii: Trc ht ta thit lp cc ma trn d liu ca cc phn t
% a. May phat
% n Sn Un E xd
M p=[l 300 6.3 1.05 0.20
1 200 6.3 1.05 0.15;
1 4 0 0 10.5 1.1 0.25];
% b. May bien ap
% n Sn U n l Un2 Uk
141
MB A=[ 1 200 6.3 115 10.5;
1 125 6.3 115 10.5;
1 200 10.5 115 10.5];
% c. Duong day
% L u r X b
Dd=[78 115 0.10 0.40 2.8*10A-6;
135 115 0.08 0.40 2.84*10A-6;
120 115 0.085 0.41 2.82*10A-6;
82 115 0.10 0.40 2.8*10A-6
117 115 0.10 0.40 2.8*10A-6];
U cb= l 15;
isop/u//77)(U cb,M p,M BA ,D d);
Tham so may phai va MBA :
Xmp Xmba
0.0667 0.0525
0.0750 0.0840
0.0625 0.0525
Tham so duong day:
Rdd(pu) X dd B dd
0.0590 0.2359 0.0144
0.0817 0.4083 0.0254
0.0771 0.372G 0.0224
0.0620 0.2480 0.0152
0.0885 0.3539 0.0217
142
12.3. C h ng trnh gii tch m ng in truyn ti
Cc chng trnh gii tch mng in phn b dng cng sut c son
tho ng vi cc phng php gii bi ton phn tch h thng thc t. Mi
phng php gii gm bn chng trnh. Chng trnh p dng phng php
Gauss-Seidel l Ifgauss v i vi phng php Newton-Raphson l Ifnew ton , m
trc l chng trnh Ifybus v tip theo l chng trnh busout v lineflow.
Cc chng trnh Ifybus, busout v lineflow c son tho h tr cho chng
trnh phn b dng cng sut.
12.3.1. Cling trnh d liu

thc hin cc chng trinh tnh ton n M ATLAB yu cu phi c cc
mng d liu v nt (busdata) v m ng d liu v ng dy (linedata). Cc mng
d liu c thit lp theo mt nguyn tc nht nh. M ng d liu nt busdata
gm c 11 ct, b tr theo trnh t nh bng sau:
Ti My pht
M u, , Qb.
Nt Q g, Qmin, Qmax,
nt pu P d, Q d, P g. MVAr
MW MVAr MW MVAr MVAr MVAr
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Trong ct th nht l th t cc nt t 1 n n, ct th hai l m nt (biu

th nt cn bng, nt iu chinh hay nt ti), ct th 3 l gi tr in p (tnh trong
h on v tng i), ct th 4 l gc pha in p (tnh theo ), ct th 5 l cng
sut tc dng ca ph ti (tnh bng MW), ct th 6 l cng sut phn khng ca
ph ti (tnh bng M VAr), ct th 7 l cng sut tc dng ca my pht (M W ), ct
th 8 l cng sut phn khng ca my pht (MVAr), ct th 9 l gii hn di
ca cng sut phn khng my pht (MVAr), ct th 10 l gii hn trn ca cng
sut phn khng my pht (M V A r) v ct 11 l cng sut ca cc thit b b ti
nt tng ng (M VAr).
Mng d liu ng dy linedata gm c 6 ct, b tr theo trinh t nh bng

sau: _____________________________ ______________________________________
Nt u Nt cui R, pu X, pu B/2, pu Nc MBA
1 2
143
Ct 1 v ct 2 l tn nt u v nt cui ca on dy, hai ct tip theo l
in tr v in khng trong h dn v tng i ca on dy, ct th 5 l mt
phn hai in dn np (B/2) ca ng dy v ct cui cng dng cho nc my
bin p, nu chi n thun l ng dy th g s 1.
N h vy i vi cc mng in thc t, c th p dng cc chng trnh,

trc ht ta cn biu th cc tham s h thng ca cc phn t trong h cm v
tng i ng vi ch c bn. Thng thng cng sut c bn c chn l
100 MVA.
1 2.3.2. C h n g tr n h Ify b u s
Chng trnh Ifybus cho php chuyn i in tr thnh in dn v kt qu

nhn c l ma trn in dn. Trong qu trinh thc hin Ifybus i hi cc tham
s ca ng dy v my bin p m c xc nh tp d liu vo linedata.
Tc l chng trinh Ifybus chi c th c thc hin sau khi c chng trnh
linedata. Chng trnh ny c thit k cho cc ng dv song song. Ni dung
ca chng trinh ny c th hin nh sau:
clear
j= sq rt(-l); i = sqrt(-l);
nl = linedata(:,l);
nr = linedata(:, 2 );
R = linedata(:,3);
X = linedata(:,4);
Bc = j*linedata(:,5);
a = linedata(:, 6 );
nbr=length(linedata(:, 1 ));
nbus = m ax(m ax(nl), max(nr));
z = R + j*X ; y= ones(nbr,l)./Z ; % Dien dan nhanh
for n = 1 :nbr
144
if a(n) <= 0 a(n) = 1 ; else end
Y bus=zeros(nbus,nbus); % Khoi dau Ybus tu zero
% Thiet lap cac phan tu ngoai duong cheo
for k = l:nbr;
Ybus(nl(k),nr(k))=Ybus(nl(k),nr(k))-y(k)/a(k);
Ybus(nr(k),n](k))=Ybus(nl(k),nr(k));
end
end
% Thiet lap cac phan tu duong cheo
for n = l:nbus
for k = l:n b r
if nl(k)==n
Ybus(n,n) = Ybus(n,n)+y(k)/(a(k)A2) + Bc(k);
elseif nr(k)==n
Ybus(n.n) = Ybus(n,n)+y(k) +Bc(k);
else, end
end
end
clear Pgg
12.3.3. Chng trnh Ifgauss v Ifnewton

Clurong trinh Ifgauss cho php nhn c li gii phn b dng cng sut
theo phng php Gauss-Seildel cn chng trnh Ifnew ton - theo phng php
New ton-Raphson, chng trnh i hi phi c cc tp d liu v cc nt v ng
dy busdata v linedata. Cng sut ph ti v my pht c cho di dng
M w v MVAr, nhng chng trnh s chuyn i sang h n v tng i c bn
c la chn. Chng trnh c thit k m bo duy tr cng sut phn
145
O.MATLAB... /2-A
khng ca my pht cc nt iu chinh nm trong cc gii hn xc nh. S vi
phm gii hn cng sut phn khng c th xy ra khi in xc nh qu cao hoc
qu thp. N u gii hn t thi gi tr in p s c b sung thm mt nc 0,5
cho n 5% duy tri cng sut phn khng trong gii hn xc nh.
Chng trnh M ATLAB Ifgauss c son tho nh sau [9]:
clear
% Hadi Saadat, 1998
Um=0; delta=0; yload=0; deltad =0;
nbus = length(busdata(:,l));
fo rk = l:n b u s
n=busdata(k, 1 );
kb(n)=busdata(k, 2 ); Um (n)=busdata(k,3); delta(n)=busdata(k, 4);
Pd(n)=busdata(k,5); Q d(n)=busdata(k,6 ); Pg(n)=busdata(k,7); Qg(n) =

busdata(k, 8 );
Qm in(n)=busdata(k, 9); Qmax(n)=busdata(k, 10);
Qsh(n)=busdata(k, 11);
if U m (n ) < = 0 Um(n) = 1.0; U (n)=l+j*0;
else delta(n) = pi/180*delta(n);
U(n) = Um (n)*(cos(delta(n)) + J*sin(delta(n)));
P(n)=(Pg(n)-Pd(n))/basemva;
Q(n)=(Q g(n)-Qd(n)+ Qsh(n))/basem va;
S(n) = P (n )+ j* Q (n );
end
DU(n)=0;
end
num = 0; AcurBus = 0; converge = 1;
Uc = zeros(nbus,l)+ j*zeros(nbus.l);
1 f Man AO no
Sc = zeros(nbus,l )+j*zeros(nbus,l);
while exist('acl)~= l
acl = 1.3;
end
while exist('accuracy')~=l
accuracy = 0 .0 0 1 ;
end
while exist('basem va')~=l
basem va= 100 ;
end
while exist('m axiter')~=l
m axiter = 100 ;
end
iter= 0 ;
m axerror= 1 0 ;
while m axerror >= accuracy & iter <= maxiter
iter= iter+ l;
fo rn = l:nbus;
YV = 0+j*0;
for L = l:nbr;
if nl(L) == n, k=nr(L);
YV = YV + Ybus(n,k)*U(k);
elseif nr(L) == n, k=nl(L);
YV = YV + Ybus(n,k)*U(k);
end
end
147
Sc = conj(U (n))*(Y bus(n,n)*U (n)+Y V );
Sc = conj(Sc);
DP(n) = P(n) - real(Sc);
DQ(n) = Q(n) - imag(Sc);
if kb(n) = 1
S(n) =Sc; P(n) = real(Sc); Q(n) = imag(Sc);
DP(n) =0; DQ(n)=0; Uc(n) = U(n);
elseif kb(n) = 2
Q(n) = imag(Sc); S(n) = P(n) + j*Q (n);
if Qmax(n) ~= 0
Qgc = Q(n)*basemva + Q d(n) - Qsh(n);
if abs(DQ(n)) <= 0.005 & iter >= 10
ifD U (n )< = 0.045
if Qgc < Qmin(n),
Um (n) = Um(n) + 0.005;
DU(n) = DU(n)+.005;
elseif Qgc > Qmax(n),
Um (n) = Um(n) - 0.005; DU(n)=D U (n)+.005; end
else, end
else,end
else,end
end
if kb(n)~=U c(n)=(conj(S(n))/conj(U (n))-Y V )/ Ybus(n,n);
else, end
if kb(n) = 0
U(n) = U(n) + acl*(Uc(n)-U(n));

elseif kb(n) == 2
Ucl = imag(Uc(n));
UcR = sqrt(Um (n)A2 - UcIA2);
Uc(n) = UcR + j*UcI;
U(n) = U(n) + acl*(Uc(n) -U(n));
end
end
m axeor=m ax(m ax(abs(real(DP)),m ax(abs(imag(DQ))));
i f iter == m axiter & m axe or > accuracy
fpnntf('\nW A RNING: Bai toan khng hoi tu ')
fprintf('%g', iter), fprintfc Buoc tinh.\n\n')
fprintfCAn Enter de ket thuc va in ket qua \n')
converge = 0 ; pause, else, end
end
if converge ~= 1
tech= ('BAI TO A N KHONG HOI T'); else,
tech=('Giai tich m ang dien bang pp Gauss-Seidel');
end
k= 0 ;
for n = l:nbus
Ura(n) = abs(U (n)); deltad(n) = angle(U(n))* 180/pi;
if kb(n) == 1
S(n)=P(n)+j*Q(n);
Pg(n) = P(n)*basem va + Pd(n);
Q g(n) = Q(n)*basem va + Qd(n) - Qsh(n);

k= k+ 1 ;
Pgg(k)=Pg(n);
elseif kb(n) = 2
k= k+ l;
Pgg(k)=Pg(n);
S(n)=P(n)+j*Q(n);
Qg(n) = Q (n)*basem va + Qd(n) - Qsh(n);
end
yload(n) = (Pd(n)- j*Q d(n)+j*Q sh(n))/(basem va*U m (n)A2);
end
Pgt = sum(Pg); Qgt = sum(Qg):
Pdt = sum(Pd); Qdt = sum(Qd); Qsht = sum(Qsh);
busdata(:,3)=Um'; busdata(:,4)=deltad';
clear AcurBus DP DQ DV L Sc Uc Ucl UcR YV converge delta
12.3.4. Chng trnh bloss

Chng trnh "bloss " cho php xc nh cc h s tn tht B,J v tn tht
trong h thng in trn c s phng php Kulin:
P l = BP 2 +BoP+Bo<>:
Chng trnh ny c gii sau chong trnh Ifgauss, hoc Ifnew ton. Ket
qu hin th sau khi chy chng trnh l cc h s tn tht B v tna tn tht
trong h thng tnh trong h n v c tn (MW).
12.3.5. C h n g trn h b u s o u t
Chng trnh busout cho php nhn c kt qu cc nt u ra di dng

bng. Cc kt qu nt au ra bao gm gi tr v gc pha in p. cna sut tc
dng v phn khng cua ph ti v m y pht v gi tr cng sut t b.
150
2.3.6. Chng trnh line/low
L in ejlo w l chng trinh c thit k hin th kt qu tinh ton gii tch
mng in di dng bng. Ket qu th hin trong bng bao gm dng cng sut
tc dng v phn khng, tn tht cng sut tc dng v phn khng trn cc on
dy. tnh trong h n v c tn, tng ng l MW v MVAr.
Hnh 12.2. S mng in v d 12.2.
1'id 12.2. Cho s h thng in 220 kv nh hnh 12.2, cc tham s ca

cc phn t cho trn s , trong cc tham s in p, cho trong h n v
tng i (pu), cng sut tc dng v phn khng cho trong h n v c tn: MW
v M VAr. Cc ng dy kp m hiu v chiu di cho trong bng bt 12.2a. Nt 1
c coi l nt cn bng c U| = 1,05LO , cc nt 2 v 4 l nt iu chinh, cn
nt 3 v 5 l nt ti. Gii hn trn v gii hn di ca cng sut phn khng ca
cc my pht tng ng l 50 v 10 MVAr. Hy xc nh dng cng sut trn cc
151
on dy, gi tr in p ti cc nt v tng tn tht trong m ng bng phng php
s dng chng trnh MATLAB.
Bng bt 12.2a
on M hiu dy
L, km u, kV ro, n Xo, n bo, lo '6 sim
dy ACY
1-2 300 150 220 0,10 0,424 2,68
1-5 300 130 220 0,10 0,424 2,68
2-3 300 97 220 0,10 0,424 2,68
2-4 240 145 220 0,12 0,430 2,64

3-4 300 108 220 0,10 0,424 2,68
4-5 240 75 220 0,12 0,430 2,64
Gii: Trc ht ta thit lp cc ma trn d liu, y khng xt n my

pht v my bin p, nn cc ma trn Mp v M BA l cc ma trn zero. Vi cc
ng dy kp, nn cc gi tr in tr c chia i, cn gi tr dung dn c
nhn i.
clear
DdU220;
Ucb=220;
M p=[0 0 0 0 0];
M BA=[0 0 0 0 0];
Dd=[150 220 0.10/2 0.424/2 2*2.68*10A-6
130 220 0.10/2 0.424/2 2*2.68* 10^-6
97 220 0.10/2 0.424/2 2*2.68*10A-6
145 220 0.12/2 0.430/2 2*2.64*10A-6
108 220 0.10/2 0.424/2 2*2.68*10A-6
75 220 0.12/2 0.430/2 2*2.64* 10A-6];
fvo/)i///7'Z)(L'cb.Mp.MBA,Dd);

Tham so duong day:
Rdd(pu) Xdd Bdd
0.0155 0.0657 0.1946
0.0134 0.0569 0.1686
0.0100 0.0425 0.1258
0.0180 0.0644 0.1853
0.0112 0.0473 0.1401
0.0093 0.0333 0.0958
Ta biu th gi tr in p v gc pha, cng sut pht v cng sut ph ti

cc nt di dng bng bt 12.2b. Trong bng ny mt s in p v gc pha ca
chng c cho dui dng nt m. iu c ngha chng l d liu xut pht
ban u tnh ton gii tch. Cng sut tc dng v phn khng pht ra ti nt
cn bng v cng sut phn khng pht ra ti nt P-V l cha bit, bi vy tr s
ca chng c biu th bi du gch (-). Cng lu thm l nt cn bng khng
cha ph tai, cn cc nt P-V th c ph ti ca minh.
Bng bt12.2b. in p nt, cng sut pht v cng sut ph ti
N in p nt Ph ti Cng sut pht

nt
Tr s (pu) Gc pha () p (MW) Q (MVAr) p (MW) Q (MVAr)
1 1,05 0 - - 0 0
2 1.035 0 15 8 65 35
3 1 0 40 25 35 0
4 1,04 0 20 12 40 20
5 1 0 25 16 24 0
Bc tip theo ta thit lp chng trnh tnh ton trn M ATLAB:
clear
b asem va= lO O ; accuracy = 0 .0 0 0 1 : m a x ite r = 1 0 ;
% No code Mag. Degree MW M var MW M var Qm in Qmax Mvar
153
busdata=[l 1 1.05 0.0 0 0 0 0 10 50 0
2 2 1.035 0.0 15 8 60 35 10 50 0
3 0 1.000 0.0 40 25 0 0 0 00
4 2 1.04 0.0 20 12 40 20 0 0 0
5 0 1.00 0.0 25 16 0 0 0 0 0]:
% Du lieu duong day
% Nut Nut R X 1/2 B Dd
% dau cuoi p.u. p.u. p.u.
linedata=[l 2 0.0155 0.0657 0.1946 1
15 0.0134 0.0569 0.1686 1
23 0.0100 0.0425 0.1258 1
24 0.0180 0.0644 0.1853 1
34 0.0112 0.0473 0.1401 1
45 0.0093 0.0333 0.0958 1];
lfybus % Ma tran ien dan
lfnewton % Giai tich bang phuong phap N ew ton-Raphson
busout % Hien thi ket qua tren man binh
BCet qu nhn c trn mn hinh l:
P ow er Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson M ethod
M aximum Pow er M ism atch = 9.45948e-005
No. o f Iterations = 7
Bus Voltage A ngle ------ Load..................Generation Injected
No. Mag. D egree MW M var M IV M var M var
1 1.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.624 -54.805 0.000
2 1.065 0.111 15.000 8.000 60.000 37.781 0.000
154
3 1.052 -0.343 40.000 25.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 1.040 0.157 20.000 12.000 40.000 -120.757 0.000
5 1.045 -0.220 25.000 1.6.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 100.000 61.000 100.624 -137.781 0.000
Phn tch kt qu chy chng trinh ta thy bi ton hi t sau 7 bc lp vi

sai s khng qu y,45948.105.
V d 12.3.
Cho h thng in vi s biu th trn hinh 12.3. Cc d liu v ng

dy v my bin p cho trong cc bng bt]2.3a, s liu v ph ti v cng sut
pht cho trong bng b tl2.3b. Nt 1 c coi l nt cn bng vi in p l
U| = 1,06L 0, cc nt 2 v 3 l nt P-V vi U2= 1 ,0 4 L 0 v U3= 1 ,0 3 L 0 o. Cc nt
5 v 6 l nt ti. Hy gii tch mng in bng chng trnh MATLAB.
1 4
155
Bng bt12.3a: D liu ng dy k c m y bin p
T nt n nt R (p.u.) X (p.u.) B/2 (p.u.) Nc BA
1 4 0,035 0,225 0,0065
1 5 0,025 0,105 0,0045
1 6 0,400 0,215 0,0055
2 4 0,000 0,035 0,0000 0,969
3 5 0,000 0,042 0,0000 0,978
4 6 0,028 0,125 0,0035
5 6 0,026 0,175 0,0300
Bng bt12.3b: D liu ph ti
Ph ti Cng sut pht

No. Nt u, pu
P d (MW) Q d (Mvar) PG, MW Q m in Q m ax
1 1,06 0 0 - - -
2 1,04 0 0 120 0 100
3 1,03 0 0 100 0 75
4 1 80 57
5 1 64 23
6 1 123 75
Gii: Trong bi ton ny cc m y bin p BA] v BA2 c coi nh l cc

on dy 2-4 v 3-5 vi in tr R v X tng ng. V in tr R ca cc my bin
p nh hn rt nhiu so vi in tr cm khng, nn ta c th coi l bng 0. Trc
ht ta thit lp cc chng trnh d liu busdata v linedata v dng lnh Ifnewton
gii mng in theo phng php lp New ton-Raphson. Chng trnh
M A TLAB c th hin nh sau:
basem va = 100 ; accuracy = 0 .0 0 0 1 ; m a x i te r = 1 0 ;
% Du lieu nut
% N Code D.ap goc pha - T a i ............ P h a t---------- M ay bu
% nut nut pu do MW M var M W M var Qmin Qm ax M var
b usdata= [l 1 1.06 0 .0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 0.00 00 .0 0 0 0 0
2 2 1.04 0.0 00.00 00.00 120.00 00.00 0 100 0
156
3 2 1.03 0.0 00.00 00.00 100.00 00.00 0 75 0
4 0 1.0 0.0 80.00 57.00 00.00 00.00 0 0 0
5 0 1.0 0.0 612.00 23.00 00.00 00.00 0 0 0
6 0 1.0 0.0 123.00 75.00 00.00 00.00 0 0 0];
% Du lieu dung day
% Nut Nut R X B/2 Nac BA
% D auC uoi p.u. p.u. p.u. lc h o d d
linedata=[l 4 0.035 0.225 0.0065 1.0
1 50.025 0.105 0.0045 1.0
1 6 0.040 0.215 0.0055 1.0
2 4 0.000 0.035 0.0000 0.969
3 50.000 0.042 0.0000 0.978
4 6 0.028 0.125 0.0035 1.0
5 6 0.026 0.175 0.0300 1.0];
Ifybus % Ma tran dien dan
lfnewton % Giai tich md theo pp Newton-Raphson
busout % Hien thi ket qua
lineflow % Hien thi ket qua dang bang;
Kt qu hin th trn m n hinh l:
Power Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson M ethod
M axim um Pow er M ismatch = 1.08486e-005
Bus Voltage A ngle ------ Load------ Generation Injected
No. Mag. D egree MW M var MW M var M var
1 1.060 0.000 0.000 0.000 663.073 215.589 0.000
2 0.990 -5.335 0.000 0.000 120.000 94.566 0.000
157
3 0.980 -25.027 0.000 0.000 100.000 167.288 0.000
4 0.990 - 7.715 80.000 57.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 0.933 -27.602 612.000 23.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 0.909 -15.268 123.000 75.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 815.000 155.000 883.073 477.443 0.000
Line F low and Losses
Line Power at bus & line flo w Line loss Transformer
fro m to MW M var M VA M W M var tap
1 663.073 215.589 697.241
4 66.781 26.021 71.671 1.612 8.996
5 466.006 124.069 482.239 51.771 216.542
6 130.288 65.501 145.826 7.599 39.774
2 120.000 94.566 152.783
4 120.000 94.567 152.784 0.000 7.827 0.969
3 100.000 167.288 194.898
5 100.000 167.289 194.899 0.000 15.889 0.978
4 -80.000 -57.000 98.229
1 -65.169 -17.025 67.356 1.612 8.996
2 -1 2 0 .0 0 0 -86.740 148.067 0.000 7.827
6 105.169 46.765 115.098 3.793 16.300
5 -612.000 -23.000 612.432
1 -414.235 92.473 424.431 51.771 216.542
3 -1 0 0 .0 0 0 -1 5 1 .4 0 0 181.444 0.000 15.889
6 -97.765 35.927 104.158 3.299 17.119
6-123.000 -75.000 144.062
158
1-122.688 -25.727 125.357 7.599 39.774
4 -1 0 1 .3 7 6 -30.465 105.855 3.793 16.300
5 101.064 -18.809 102.800 3.299 17.119
Total loss 68.075 322.447
Li gii c tim thy sau 4 bc lp vi sai s 1,80187.10 '7.
l i d 12.4'. Hy gii tch ch xc lp ca mng in vi s (hnh 12.4)

gm 6 nt vi 2 nt ngun v 4 nt ti. Coi nt 1 l nt cn bng v nt 5
iu chinh P-V, cc nt 2, 3 v 4 l cc nt ti P-Q. Cc sliu v in tr v in
dn dung khng c cho trong bng vd.12.4a, khng cn xt n in tr trong
ca cc ngun. Gi tr in p, cng sut pht v cng sut ph ti cc nt c
cho trong bng vdl2.4b.
Bng vd12.4a: in p, cng sut pht v cng sut ph ti ti cc nt
Nt in p Ph ti My pht B
N M u , p Q p Q Q m in cu, Q,
(pu) (MW) (MVAr) (MW) (MVAr)
1 1 1 ,0 5 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 2 0 .4 8 .2 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 1 0 46.7 17.3 0 0 0 0 0
4 2 1,02 0 0 0 100 35 10 80 0
5 0 1 0 35.6 10.4 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 1 0 50.3 21.2 0 0 0 0 0
Bng vd12.4b. Tham s ca cc on dy (pu)
Nt u Nt cui Din tr Dung dn (B/2) Nc bin p
1 2 0,03 + 0,20 0,020 1
1 6 0,035 + 0,25 0,020 1
2 3 0,04 + 0,20 0,025 1
2 5 0,08 + 0,45 >0,075 1
3 4 0,05 + 0,25 /0,020 1
4 5 0,056 + 0,40 >0,010 1
6 5 0,05 + 0,25 0,020 1
159
Chng trnh M ATLAB cho v d 12.4 c son tho nh sau:
clear
b a s e m v a = 1 0 0 ; accuracy = 0 .0 0 0 1 ; m a x ite r = 1 0 ;
% u goc pha -load- -generator injected

% No code Mag. D egr M W M var M W M var Qm in Qm ax Mvar
busdata=[ 1 1 1.05 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 1.00 0.0 20.4 8.2 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 1.00 0.0 46.7 17.3 0 0 0 0 0
4 2 1.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 35 10 80 0
5 0 1.00 0.0 35.6 10.4 0 .0 0 0 0 0
6 0 1.00 0.0 50.3 21.2 0 0 0 0 0];
% N ut N ut R X 1/2 B Dd
% dau cuoi p.u. p.u. p.u.
linedata=[l 2 0.03 0.20 0.020 1

1 6 0.035 0.25 0.020 1
2 3 0.04 0.20 0.025 1
2 5 0.08 0.45 0.075 1
3 4 0.05 0.25 0.020 1
4 5 0.056 0.40 0.010 1
6 5 0.05 0.25 0.020 1];

Ifybus % Ma tran dien dan
lfnewton % Giai tich theo phuong phap Newton-Raphson
busout % Hien thi ket qua tren man hinh
bloss % N han he so ton that
lineflow % Hien thi ket qua giai tich duoi dang bang
Power Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson M ethod
M aximum Pow er Mismatch = 1.34128e-008
Bus Voltage A ngle ........ Load------ Generation Injected
No. Mag. D egree MW M var MW M var M var
1 1.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 56.402 27.084 0.000
2 1.023 -1.802 20.400 8.200 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 1.002 -0.735 46.700 17.300 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 1.040 6.665 0.000 0.000 100.000 12.473 0.000
5 1.005 -2.974 35.600 10.400 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 0.994 -4.808 50.300 21.200 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 153 .000 57.100 156.402 38.558 0.000
B =
161
I1.M A TLA B-/2-A

0.0239 -0.0043
-0.0043 0.0305
BO =
0.0012 - 0.0002
BOO =
3.2835e-004
Total system loss 3.40226 M W
Line Flow and Losses
Line Power at bus & line flo w Line lo s s - Transform er
front to MW M var MVA MW M var tap
1 56.402 27.084 62.568
2 18.649 9.575 20.963 0.132 -3.414
6 37.753 17.509 41.616 0.576 -0.068
2 -20.400 -8.200 21.986
1 -18.516 -12.989 22.618 0.132 -3.414
3 - 7.108 9.537 12.895 0.076 -4.746
5 5.225 -4.748 7.060 0.028 -15.265
J -46.700 -17.300 49.801
2 7.184 -14.283 15.988 0.G76 -4.746
4 -53.884 -3.017 53.969 1.447 3.062
4 100.000 12.473 100.656
3 55.331 6.080 55.664 1.447 3.062
5 44.669 5.394 44.994 1.055 5.442
5 -35.600 -10 400 37.088
2 -5.197 -10.517 12.731 0.028 -15.265
11 M A T ! 4 B nJK
4 -43.614 0.048 43.614 1.055 5.442
6 13.211 0.069 13.211 0.089 -3.554
- 0.300 -21.200 54.585
1 -37.178 -17.577 41.123 0.576 -0.068
5 -13.122 -3.623 13.613 0.089 -3.554
' loss 3.402 -18.542
12.4. G ii tch m ng in phn phi
12.4.1. Mng in phn phi trung p

M ng in phn phi thng l mng in h, v vy y cn xy dng
chng trinh ph hp hon. Trc ht cn phi t tn cho cc nt theo trinh t nh
sau: Nt ngun k hiu l 0, th t cc nt tip theo c xc nh, trc ht theo
ng trc, sau n nhnh r u tin, c th cho n nt cui cng l im
cui cua nhnh r cui cng.
Trong bi ton ny ta cn biu th mi quan h gia dng in nt v dng

in nhnh di dng:
I = A.J;
Trong : I l ma trn dng nhnh, cn J l ma trn dng nt v A l ma trn
quan h ng-nhnh- dng nt, l ma trn tam gic vi cc phn t
ng cho bang 1 .
Quan h gia in p nt v dng nhnh c th thit lp theo nh lut Ohm:
AU=Z.I
Trong ma trn tng tr z l ma trn tng tr nhnh. i vi cc nt c

my bin p, thi dng cng sut c b sung thm m t lng bng tn tht cng
sut trong cc my bin p ti nt .
Vi d 12.5: Hy gii tch ch xc lp ca mng in phn phi 22kV hnh

12.5. Cc s liu v cng sut t v ph ti ca cc trm bin p c cho trn s
163
(ring trm bin p ti nt 11 hin cha c ti), chiu di cc on dy tnh
bng km; thi gian s dng cng sut cc i Tm = 4520h.
Bng vd12.5a. Chiu v m hiu dy dn ca cc on dy
0-1 1-2 2-3 0-4 4-5 1-6 6-7 6-8 2-9 9-10 9-11 3-12
1, km 4,2 3,5 3,8 3,1 2,3 4,1 3,8 4,2 4,3 3,7 3,2 2.2
AC 150 95 50 50 35 70 35 35 50 35 35 35
Bng vd12.5b. Tham s ca cc my bin p v ph ti ti cc im nt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sn, kVA 0 0 250 400 250 400 320 250 0 160 50 250
AP0,kW 0 0 0,64 0,84 0,64 0,84 0,64 0,64 0 0,5 0,2 0,64
APk.kW 0 0 4,1 5,75 4,1 5,75 4,1 4,1 0 2,95 1,25 4,1
Uk, % 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 4 4 4
lo, % 0 0 7 6 7 6 7 7 0 7 8 7
p, kW 0 0 207 282 1 94 285 167 182 0 115 0 180
COS0 0 0 0,78 0,82 0,83 0,79 0,83 0,81 0 0,84 0 0,80
TM250
ISOkW
cos =0.80
4250
207kW
TM400
P=282kW
coscp =0,82
COSIP = u , 8 4
Hnh 12.5: S Li phn phi vi d 12.5.
164
Giai. thit lp ma trn quan h dng nhnh-dng nt, trc ht ta cn
thit lp h phng trnh quan h dng nhnh v dng nt nh sau:
11 = j 1+j2+j3+j6+j7+j 8+j9+j 10+j 11 +j 12;
I 2 = j2 + j3 + j9 + jl0 + jll+ jl2 ;
I3=j3+jl2;
I4=j4+j5;
I5=j5;
I6 = j 6 + j7 + j8 ;
I7=j7;
I8=j8;
I9 = j9 + jl0 + jl 1;
1 10 =j 1 0 ;
II l=j.l 1 ;
I 1 2 =j 1 2 ;
Ma trn quan h gia cc dng in nhnh (I) v dng nt (j) c th hin

trong bang sau:
J1 J2 J3 J J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J 10 J 11 J 12
li 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
l3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
u 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Is 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
17 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
I9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
In 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
I 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
165
Cc d liu u vo c th biu th mt file ring, hoc g trc tip vo
my. Chng trnh MATLAB cho v d 12.5 c th hin nh sau:
clear
DdU22;
n=12;% So nut cua mang
Tm=4520;
Un = 22;% Dien ap dinh muc
Uo = 23;% Dien ap tai thanh cai nguon
L=[8.2 9.5 6.8 6.1 4.3 7.1 3.8 4.2 7.3 3.7 5.2 4.2];
z0=[AC70 AC50 AC35 AC35 AC35 AC50 AC35 AC35 AC35 AC35 AC35
AC35];
Sn=[0 0 250 400 250 400 250 250 0 160 180 250];
dPo=[0 0 0.64 0.84 0.64 0.84 0.64 0.64 0 0.5 0.53 0.64];
dPk=[0 0 4.1 5.75 4.1 5.75 4.1 4.1 0 2.95 3.15 4.1];
Uk=[0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 4 4 4];
Io=[0 0 7 6 7 6 7 7 0 7 7 7];
p=[0 0 207 282 194 285 167 182 0 115 168 180];
COS=[0 0 0.78 0.82 0.83 0.79 0.83 0.81 0.8 0.84 0 0.80];
A = [l 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ];
nd=[0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 6 9 9]; % nut dau
n c= [l 4 2 6 3 9 12 5 7 8 10 ll] ; % n u t c u o i
k= [ 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1]; % nut CO tai
Z-zO.*L;
to = (0 .124+Tm* 10A-4)A2*8760;
lor i= l:n
if cos(i ) ~ = 0
tan(i) = sqrt(l-cos(i).A2 )./cos(i);
Q(i) = P(i)*tan(i);
else
Q(i)= 0;
end
if k(i) ~= 0
Pba(i) = k(i)*dPo(i) + l/k(i)*dPk(i)*((P(i)/cos(i))/Sn(i))A2;
Qba(i) = k(i)*Io(i)*Sn(i)/100 + l/k(i)*U k(i)*(P(i)/cos(i))A2/(100*Sn(i));
else
Pba(i)=0;
Qba(i)=0;
end
end
Ptt = p + Pba;
167
Qtt = Q + Qba;
Stt = sqrt(Ptt.A2+Qtt.A2);
Jtt = conj(Stt)/(sqrt(3)*Un); % Dong dien nut
I=A*Jtt'; % Dong dien nhanh
dU=I.*Z'*10A-l/U n; % Hao ton dien ap tren cac nhanh
Snh=sqrt(3)*Un.*I;
dP = real(Z).*I'.A2* 10A(-3);
dP=dP';
dA=dP*to;
dAtong=sum(dA);
dPtong=sum(dP);
dPpt=sum(dP)* 100/sum(P);
fonnat bank % 2 ky tu sau dau phay
disp('Ket qua la:');
disp('I.A dU,% dP,k\V dA.kW h');
fprintf(% 7 .2 f), disp([I,dU.dP.dA])
disp('dPt, kW dPt,% dAtong, kW h');
fpnntf('% 7.2f). disp([dPtong.dPpt,dAtong])
Ket qu hin th trn mn hinh nh sau:
Ket qua la:
I,A d .% dP .kV dA.kVh
44.58 0.76 7.50 21791.36
22.27 0.63 3.06 8899.99
13.97 0.37 1.13 3278.45
16.33 0.38 1.38 4017.26
168
6.63 0.11 0.16 466.90
22 3~> 0.47 2.30 6679.19
5.72 0.08 0.11 307.43
6.39 0.10 0.15 424.00
8.30 0.23 0.43 1242.08
3.89 0.06 0.05 138.33
4.41 0.09 0.09 249.70
6.41 0.10 0.15 426.13
dPt, kW dPt.% (A long, kWh
16.49 0.93 47920.83
Nh vy tng tn tht cng sut trong mng in l AP|=16,49 kw, chim

0,93%. Tng tn tht in nng l AA = 47920,83 kWh.
Bi ton c th gii vi s tr gip ca hm giaim dpp c ci sn trong

my. Sau khi g cc d liu u vo, chi cn b sung thm lnh:
DdU22;
[I,U,dP,dA]=g/jirfp/>(n,Tm,Un,Uo,L,zO,nd,nc,k,P,cos,Sn,dPo,dPk,Io,Uk,
A);
Kt qu nhn c cng ging nh trn.
12.4.2. M n g i n p h n p h i li p
Vic tnh ton tn tht in nng trong mng in h p phc tp hn so vi

m ng trung p do nhiu nguyn nhn, trong c nguyn nhn m t i xng. Tn
tht trong mng in h p c xt n s mt i xng c xc nh theo biu
thc:
A P = k p jA P lj
j-l
169
Trong :
AP|j - tn tht cng sut tc dng i vi phn t th j ch i

xng:
M Q )
lj j2
Rj - in tr ca phn t th j;
u - in p mng in;
kpj - h s tn tht cng sut phn t th j.
Trong trng hp tng qut h s tn tht cng sut i vi ng dy ba

pha c dy trung tnh l:
1D
kp = 1 + + k(l + L)
ph
k2, ko - cc h s khng i xng theo cc thnh phn th t nghch v

th t khng;
Rt, Rph - in tr dy trung tnh v dy pha.

B i ton 12.6. Hy gii tch ch xc lp ca m ng in h p hinh 12.6.
Cc s liu v cng sut t v ph ti c cho trong bng, chiu di cc on
dy tnh bng km; thi gian s dng cng sut cc i Tm=3400h. Dng in cc
pha o c trn thanh ci 0,4 kV ca trm bin p l: Ia=249.8; Ib= 180,3;
Ic=324,8;
im 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
p 13,83 14,64 15,31 13,19 23,83 9,31 11,96 8,19 12,04 12,1 13,24
COS 0,92 0,92 0,9 0,93 0,91 0,92 0,93 0,9 0,92 0,92 0,9
on 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 0-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 7-9 9-10 10-11
/, km 0,368 0,243 0,144 0,086 0,137 0,146 0,245 0,336 0.138 0,233 0,135
Dy A50 A50 A50 A50 A95 A95 A95 A95 A35 A3 5 A35
170
Gii: Chng trnh M ATLAB cho v d 12.6 c son tho nh sau:
clear
la=249.8: rb = l80.3; Ic=324.8;
a= -l/2+j*sqrt(3)/2;
Il=(Ia+Ib+Ic)/3;
I2=(Ia+a*Ib+aA2*Ic)/3;
I0= l/3*(Ia+ aA2*Ib+a*Ic)/3;
k2= I2/Il;
k0= I0/Il;
k2 m=abs(k 2 );
k 0 m =abs(k 0 );
kp= l +k2m A2+4.33*k0m A2
n= l 1;% Nhap so nut cua mang
Tm = 3400;
to=(0.124+Tm *10A-4)A2*8760;
Un = 0.38;% Nhap dien ap dinh muc
Uo = 0.4;% Nhap dien ap tai thanh cai nguon
% So lieu duong day
DdU04
L = [0 .3 6 8 0.243 0 .1 4 4 0 .0 8 6 0.1 3 7 0 .1 4 6 0.245 0.3 3 6 0.1 3 8 0.2 3 3 .0 .1 3 5 ];
z 0 = [A 5 0 A 50 A 5 0 A 5 0 A 95 A 95 A 95 A 95 A35 A35 A 35];
n d = [0 1 2 3 0 5 6 7 7 9 10];
n c= [l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11];
k = [0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1];% Nut co tai
p=[ 13.83 14.64 15.31 13.19 23.83 9.31 12.96 8.19 12.04 12.1
13.24];
COS=[0 0.92 0.90 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.90 0.92 0.92 0.90]:
% Ma tran quan he dong nhanh va dong nut
A = [l 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 o' 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 ];
Z=zO.*L;
to= (0.124+Tm* 10A-4)A2*8760;
for i= l:n
if cos(i ) ~ = 0
tan(i) = sqrt(l-cos(i).A2 )./cos(i);

Q(i) = P(i)*tan(i);
else
Q (i)= 0;
end
end
Stt = sqrt(P.A2+Q .A2);
Jtt = conj(Stt)/(sqrt(3)*Un): % Dong dien nut

I=A*Jtt'; % Dong dien nhanh
dU =I.*Z'*10A-l/U n; % Hao ton dien ap tren cac nhanh

Snh=sqrt(3)*Un.*I;
dP = real(Z).*I'.A2*10A(-3);
dP=dP';
dA=dP.*to;
dPkdx=dP.*kp;
Itong=sum(I)
dPtong=sum (dP);
dP pt= sum (dP )*100/sum (P );
dAtong=sum (dA); 1
format bank % 2 ky tu sau dau phay

dispCKet qua la:');
;i
disp(I,A dU,% dP.kW dA.kW h');
fprintf('% 7.2f), disp([I,dU,dP,dA])
dispCdPt, kW dPt,% dAtong, kWh');
fpnntf('% 7.2f), disp([dPtong,dPpt,dAtong]);
Kt qu hin th trn mn hinh nh sau:
Ket qua la:

I.A du.% dP .kW dA.kWii
92.58 5.74 2.02 3807.51
71.57 2.93 0.80 1502.48
47.39 1.15 0.21 390.42
21.55 0.31 0.03 48.20
152.38 1.81 1.05 1979.79

112.59 1.43 0.61 1151.91
97.22 2.07 0.76 1441.11
13.83 0.40 0.02 39.97
73
62.22 1.85 0.44 826.15
42.33 2.13 0.34 645.78
22.35 0.65 0.06 104.30
dPt, kW dPt,% dA t ong, kWh
6.33 4.26 11937.62
Biu th cc kt qu tnh ton trong bng sau:

on 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 0-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 7-9 9-10 10-11
I.A 92.58 71.57 47.39 21.55 152.38 112.59 97.22 13.83 62.22 42.33 22.35
AU, % 5.74 2.93 1.15 0.31 1.81 1.43 2.07 0.40 1.85 2.13 0.65
AP, kW 2.02 0.80 0.21 0.21 1.05 0.61 0.76 0.76 0.44 0.34 0.06
M , kWh 3807.5 1502.5 390.4 48.20 1979.79 1151.91 39.97 826.15 826.15 645.78 104.30
12.5. Bi tp
B i lp 12.1: Cho mng in truyn ti (hnh 12.7) vi d kin v cc phn
t mng in cho trong bng b tl2.1. Hy p dng cc chng trinh MATLAB
xc nh cc tham s ca cc phn t trong h n v tng i.
NM1 Snx>=1x200MVA Un=6,3 kV E -= 1,05 x"d =0,20
NM2 Smp=1x350MVA Un=10,5kV E -= 1,1 x d =0.15
TBA1 S ba= 1x250 MVA 6,3/115kV Uk =10,5%cn

S ba= 1x400 MVA 10,5/115kV
II
TBA2
0
c
D 1 1 = 100 km u = 115 kV Xo =0,40Q/km r0=0,085 bo=2,82.10'6

sim/km
D 2 L.2 = 75 km u = 115 kV Xo=0,41Q/km ro=0,1 bo=2,81.10"6
sim/km
D 3 l2 = 112 km u = 115 kV Xo=0,40Q/km ro=0,08 bo=2.80.10"6
sim/km
D 4 u = 69 km u = 115 kV xo=0,39Q/km ro=0,065 bo=2,84.10"6
sim/km
D 5 Ls= 132 km u = 115 kV xo=0,40Q/km ro=0,106 bo=2,80.10-6

sim/km
174
U = 115 kV
B i tp 12.2: Cho s h thng in 110 k v nh hnh 12.8. Nt 1 c coi

l nt cn bng c u 1 = 1,05 L 0, nt 6 l nt iu chinh c u 6 = 1,04 L 0, cn cc
nt 2, 3, 4 v 5 l nt ti. Gii hn trn v gii hn di ca cng sut phn khng
ca cc my pht tng ng l 70 v 10 MVAr. Nc ca cc my bin p 1 l
0,985 v ca liy bin p 2 l 0,982. Hy xc nh dng cng sut trn cc on
dy, gi tr in p ti cc nt v tng tn tht trong mng bng phng php s
dng chng trnh MATLAB.
I BAI
Hnh 12.8. S h thng in bi tp 12.2.
175
B i lp 12.3: S h thng hnh 12.9 vi hai nt my pht v 3 nt ti. Coi
nt 1 l nt cn bang c in p Ui = l,0 5 l_ 0 v nt 5 l nt iu chnh P-V c
in p Us = l,0 2 l_ 0 , cc nt 2, 3 v 4 l cc nt ti P-Q. Cc s liu v in tr
v in dn dung khng ca cc ng dy c cho trong bng btl2.3a. Gi tr
in p, cng sut pht v cng sut ph ti cc nt c cho trong bng
b tl2 .3 b . Khng cn xt n in tr trong ca cc ngun, hy xc nh dng cng
sut trn cc on dy, gi tr in p ti cc nt v tng tn tht trong mng bang
phng php s dng chng trnh M ATLAB.
Bng bt12.3a. D liu in tr v in dn ng dy bi tp 12.3
on dy (nt - nt) Din tr Dung dn (8/2)
1-2 0,02 + /0,10 /0,030
1-5 0,05 + O.25 0,020
2-3 0,04 + 0,20 /0,025
2-5 0,05 + /0,25 /0.020
3-4 0,05 + 0,25 /0,020
3-5 0,08 + 0,40 /0,010
4-5 0,10 + 0,50 /0,075
Bng bt12.3b. in p, cng sut pht v cng sut ph ti ti cc nt
N M u , p Q p Q Q Qmax 0,
(pu) (MW) (MVAr) (MW) (MVAr)
1 1 1,05 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 96 62 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 1 0 35 14 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 1 0 16 8 0 0 0 80 0
5 2 1,02 0 24 11 48 - 0 0 0
176
Hnh 12.9. S h thng in cho bi tp 12.3.
B i tp 12.4: Cho SO' mng in gm 6 nt vi 2 nt ngun v 4 nt ti

(hnh 12.10). Coi nt 1 l nt cn bng c in p Ui = 1,05 L 0 v nt 4 l nt
iu chinh P-V c in p u 4 = 1,031_0, cc nt 2, 3, 5 v 6 l cc nt ti P-Q.
Cc s liu v cng sut pht v cng sut ph ti cc nt, in tr v in dn
dung khng ca cc ng dy c cho trong bng btl2.4a, b. Khng cn xt n
in tr trong cua cc ngun, hy xc nh dng cng sut trn cc on dy, gi
tr in p ti cc nt v tng tn tht trong mng bng phng php s dng
chng trnh M ATLAB.
Bng bt12.4a. in p, cng sut pht v cng sut ph ti ti cc nt.
N M u , p Q p Q Q m in Q m ax Q,
(pu) <MW) (MVAr) (MW) (MVAr)
1 1 1,05 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 20,6 8,2 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 1 0 42,3 18,4 0 0 0 0 0
4 2 1,02 0 0 0 92 35 0 80 0
5 0 1 0 2 5 .4 1 0 .2 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 1 0 32 1 3 .2 0 0 0 0 0
177
2.MATLAB /2-A
Bng bt12.4b. in tr v dung dn ca ng dy (pu)
Nt u Nt cui Din tr Dung dn (8/2) Nc bin p
1 2 0,03 + 0,20 0,020 1
1 5 0,035 +>0.31 0,022 1
1 6 0,05 + 0,25 0,020 1
2 5 0,08 + 0,45 /0,075 1
3 4 0,05 + 0,25 0.020 1
4 5 0,08 + 0,40 0,010 1
6 5 0,05 + 0.25 0,020 1
B i ton 12.5 Hy gii tch ch xc lp ca m ng in phn phi lOkV

hnh 12.11. Cc s liu v cng sut t v ph ti ca cc trm bin p c cho
trn s , chiu di cc on dy tnh bng km; thi gian s dng cng sut cc
i Tm = 4500h.
M t s chng trinh c bn c sn p dng trong chng 12:
tsoptuH TD dng chuyn i cc i lng sang h n v tng i;
lfybus cho php chuyn i ma trn in tr thnh ma trn in dan;
lfgauss cho php gii tch m ng in theo phng php G auss-Seildel:

178
1 ? U 4 T 1 AQ rJ>
lfnew ton cho php gii tch mng in theo pp Newton-Raphson;
bloss cho php xc inh cc h s tn tht B,j theo phng php Kuhn:
busout cho php nhn c kt qu cc nt u ra di dng bng.
Lineflow dng hin th kt qu tnh ton di dng bng,
giaim dpp cho php gii tch m ng in phn phi.
Hnh 12.11. S Li phn phi bi tp 12.5.
179
Chng 13
Phn b ti u cng sut

trong h thng in
13.1. Khi qut chung
13.1.1. c tnh chi p h ca cc to my pht

c tnh chi ph ca cc nh my in c biu th di dng phng trnh
bc hai i vi cng sut pht:
c = a + /3P + 7 P2;
Trong :
c - chi phi sn xut in nng, $/h;
p - cng sut my pht, MW;
a, /3, 7 l cc h s hi quy, xc nh t cc s liu thng k, theo

phng php binh phng cc tiu.
13.1.2. Phn bo ti u cng sut ca cc l my pht khng xt n tn

tht trong mng
Nu khng xt n tn tht trong mng in th iu kin phn b ti u
cng sut gia cc nh my l sut tng chi ph 6 ca tt c cc nh my bng
nhau:
= dC',/dP,= /3, + 27jPi = x = co n st
Vi X l h so Lagrange, cn gi l lambda h thng:
181
P p + ^ " 3i
x = ----- -----J ^ (13.1)
V "'"'
" '2 l i
PD- tng ph ti.
Cng sut ti u ca mi t my:
p = Z l (13.2)
2 -li
13.1.3. Phn b ti u cng sut ca cc t my pht c xt n tn tht

trong mng
Nu c xt n tn tht trong mng, th iu kin phn b ti u cng sut s
l:
dc
1 ^ - = X = const i = l, 2, ...n (13.3)
' P g
Hay: l f = X
Trong 1, l h s pht ca my pht th i, c xc nh bi biu thc:
- r k (13-4)
P,
P L l tn tht trong mng in, xc nh theo biu thc Kulin:

ng ng
PL = E P,B ^ + B0,P, + B 00 (13.5)

i= l J=l i= l
B,j - h s tn tht gia cc nt 1 v nt j cn gi l h s B, c th coi

l khng i trong qu trnh tinh ton;
Bo, - h s tn tht ng vi nt th i;
Boo - h s tn tht c nh;
ng - s my pht cn phn b ti u cng sut trong tng s n my

pht;
182
p Pj - cng sut ng vi nt th i v nt th j.
Bi ton phn b ti u cng sut c th gii theo phng php lp: u

tin cho trc mt gi tr x(l) v xc nh gi tr P( theo biu thc (13.2), sau
kim tra xem tng cng sut pht c bng tng ph ti khng:
a p "' = pd - x (13.6)
i=l
Nu s chnh lch nh hn chnh xc n nh th li gii t yu cu, cn

khng thi tip tc bc tnh tip theo l xc nh s thay i ca h so X:
Api'1
A ^ (l> = , (13.7)
i=l 2 "(|
V tnh gi tr mi ca \ ,2> theo biu thc:
X|2,=X"+AX(" (13.8)
Qu trnh uc lp li cho n khi th hin s hi t ca bi ton.
Vi d 13.1
Hm chi ph ca cc t my plit nhit in c cho nh sau:
C 1= 452+ 4,8P I+0,005P12;
C :=400+5,4P+0,007P22;
c 3=312+6,2P3+0,008P32
Trong chi ph tnh bng ($/h), cng sut tnh bng MW. Tng ph ti
p 0=640 MW. B qua tn tht ng dy v gii hn ca my pht, hy xc nh
s phn b cng sut ti u gia cc t my v tng chi ph $/h sn xut in nng
ca h thng.
G ii: Chng trnh M A TLAB thit lp gii bi ton theo phng php
lp Nevvton-Raphson c the hin nh sau:
clear
a =[452; 400; 312];
183
b = [4.8; 5.4;6.2];
gam=[0.005; 0.007; 0.008];
PD=640;
D e lP = 1 0 ; % Chon gia tri sai so
lamd = 6.5; % Chon gia tri xuat phat cua Lamd
disp(['Lamd PI P2 P3 DP grad Del'])
iter = 0; % Buoc lap
while abs(DelP) >= 0.001 % Kiem a su hoi tu
iter = iter + 1; % So buoc lap
p = (lamd - b)./( 2 *gam);
DelP =PD - sum(P); % So du
J=sum (ones(length(gam ),l)./(2*gam ));% Tong gradient
Del = DelP/J; % Doi bien
disp([lam d, P (l), P(2), P(3), DelP, J, Del])
lamd = lamd + Del; % Loi giai thanh cong
; end
Chiphi = sum(a + b.*p + gam .*P.A2);
Ket qu nhn c l:
Lambda PI P2 P3 DP grad Delambda
6.5000 170.0000 78.5714 18.7500 372.6786 233.9286 1.5931
8.0931 329.3130 192.3664 118.3206 0.0000 233.9286 0.0000
Chiphi =
5.4303e+003
V d 13.2: Cng gii bi ton v d 13.1 trn vi s p dng chcms trinh

ha biu th li gii ca bi ton.
G ii: Trc ht ta lav o hm ca cc hm chi ph:

dC ,=4,8+0,010P,;
dC2=5,4+0,014P2;
dC3=6,2+0,016P3
Chng trnh M ATLAB v th c th hin nh sau:
axis([0 450 5 10.5]); % Dinh dang he true toa do
lamd=8.0931 ;
Pl= 270:5:450; P2 = 150:5:330; P3=80:5:250;
d C l = 4.8 + 0.01 *P1;
dC2= 5.4 + 0.014*P2;
dC3= 6.2 + 0.016*P3;
Px = 0:100:400;
p lo t(P l, d e l , P2, dC2, P3, dC3, Px, lam d*ones(l, length(Px)),'-m'),
xlabelCP, M W ), ylabeic $/M W h'), grid;
Ket qu hin th trn mn hnh di dng th nh sau:
Hnh 13.1. th phn b ti u cng sut cc t my v d 13.1
185
13.2. C hng trnh phn b ti iru cng su t trong h th n g in
Ta thy vic p dng cc lnh M ATLAB cho php gii bi ton phn b ti
u cng sut mt cch thun tin v nhanh chng, nhng s cn thun tin hon
nhiu khi ta p dng cc hm c xy dng sn, c lu trong Power system
toolbox.
13.2.1. Chng trnh dispatch

Chng trinh disptch c xy dng tinh ton s phn b ti u dng
cng sut trong h thng in. Chng trinh cho kt qu h so X ca h thng v
s phn b ti u cng sut pht. Chng trnh ny i hi cc d liu u vo bt
buc l tng ph ti P dt v chi ph ca cc nh m y in di dng ma trn cc h
s ca phng trnh c tnh kinh t, tn l cost":
cost=[ a, 01 7 ,;
2 f t Ti:
CH, Ai 7"];
N u bn qun vo cc d liu bt buc ny, th m y s nhc b sung trong
qu trnh gii.
Ngoi ra, chng trinh cn c th chp nhn bn bin khc (khng bt buc)
l gii hn cng sut ca cc t my "m w lim its", cc h s tn tht "B , "BO", va
"B00". Bin m tvlim its c cho di dng ma trn gm hai ct: ct th nht l
gii hn di v ct th hai l gii hn trn ca my pht:
m w lim its= [Pduoil, P tren l;
Pduoi2, Ptren2;
Pduoin, Ptrenn];
Cc bin B. BO v B00 c xc nh t chng trinh bloss (xem chng

11) v biu th di dng ma trn:
186
B = [B B|2 ... Bin
B 21 B 12 ... B |n
Bnl B; ... B];
BO = [B(/2| B(1/2 , ... Bc/2n];
BOO Boo;
Neu cc bin ny khng c xc nh, th chng trnh s mc nh coi

chng bang zero v gii bi ton khng xt n tn tht v gii hn ca my pht.
13.2.2. Cling trnh gencost

Chng trinh "gencost" cho php xc nh tng chi ph sn xut in nng.
Chng trinh ny lun ng hnh vi chng trinh dispatch cho kt qu phn
b ti u cng sut v tng chi ph ca h thng ng vi s phn b cng sut
xc nh.
Nu khng xt n tn tht trong mng in th cc lnh gii bi ton phn

b ti u cng sut pht c thc hin nh sau:
Pdt;
cost;
dispatch;
gencost;
Trong trng hp c xt n tn tht trong mng in, th ngoi cc lnh

trn, cn b sung thm ma trn gii hn cng sut v ma trn cc h s tn tht,
m c xc nh t chng trnh bloss xt trn.
Pdt;
cost;
mwlimits;
B;
187
BO;
BOO;
dispatch;
gencost;
V i d 13.3: Gii li bi ton v d 13.1 bng lnh "dispatch''.
G ii: Trc ht ta cn khai bo cc d liu Pdt v cost, sau gi cc hm

dispatch v gencost. Chui lnh c thc hin nh sau:
clear
Pdt=640;
C0SI=[452 4.8 0.005
400 5.4 0.007
3 2 6.2 0.008];
dispatch;
gencost;
Kt qu hin th trn mn hinh l:
Increm ental cost o f delivered pow er (system lambda) = 8.093130 $/MW1i
Optima! Dispatch o f Generation:
329.3130
192.3664
118.3206
Total generation cost = 5430.34 $/h.
C ngha l sut tng chi phi (lam bda h thng) bng 8 .093130$/M\Vh. cng
sut ca cc t my c phn b nh trn s cho tng chi ph nh nht l
5430.34 $/h.
Kt qu nhn c y cng ging nh vi d 13.1. Ta d dna nhn th\

vic p dng cc chng trinh M A TLAB c sn ht sc on gin v thun tin
188
tuy nhin, lu l cc hm ny ch c trong MATLAB xn . Neu MATLAB ca
bn clm a c ci toolbox ny, th nh gii bi ton theo phng php bn th
cng" nh trn vy thi. Bn s thy cc chng trnh ny cn li hi hn nhiu
khi c xt n cc iu kin rng buc ca bi ton, m chng ta s cp n
ngay sau y:
V d 13.4: H thng in c ba nh my vi cc c tnh chi ph n h sau

($/h):
C |= 520 + 5,1P| + 0,006P]2;
C2=440 + 5,7P2+ 0,007P22;

C j = 300 + 6 ,lP j+ 0,007Pj2;
Cc gii hn cng sut ca cc t my tng ng nh sau: (MW):
250 < p , <500
200 < p ; <400
150 < P j <300
Tn tht cng sut c xc nh theo biu thc:
Pp, = 0 ,0 1 8 5 ?,,^ ! + 0 ,0 2 1 8 P 22(pu| + 0 ,0 2 5 2 P j2(pu)
Trong cc h so toil tht c xc nh trong h n v tng i vi cng

sut c bn l sth=100 MVA. Tng ph ti l PD= 870 MW. Hy phn b ti u
cng sut ca cc t my v xc nh tng chi ph $/h ca nh m y in trong cc
trng hp:
Khng xt en gii hn cng sut ca cc t my;
C xt n gii hn cng sut ca cc t my;
C xt n gii hn cng sut ca cc t my v tn tht trong mng.
G ii: Bi ton ny c gii vi s tr gip ca chng trinh M ATLAB nh

sau:
!) Trng hp khng xI n gii hn ca cc t my
Ta g cc lnh sau:
189
clear
Pdt=870;
cost=[520 5.1 0.006
440 5.75 0.007
200 6.1 0.007];
dispatch;
gencost;
Ket qu nhn c l:
Increm ental cost o f delivered p o w e r (system lambda) = 9.467368 $/MWh
O ptimal Dispatch o f Generation:
363.9474
265.5263
240.5263
Total generation cost - 7703.36 s/h
b) Trng hp c xt n gi i hn ca cc t m y
clear
Pdt=870;
cost=[520 5.1 0.006
440 5.75 0.007
200 6.1 0.007];
m wlim its =[150 300
200 400
150 300];
dispatch;
gencost;
190
Kt qu l:
Increm ental cost o f delivered pow er (system lambda) = 9.915000 S/MWh
O ptimal Dispatch o f Generation:
300.0000
297.5000
272.5000
Total generation cost = 7742.21 s/h
N h vy chng ta thy trong trng hp khng xt n gii hn ca cc t

my, th tng chi ph s thp hn. Tuy nhin, trong thc t iu l khng th
chp nhn, v c th dn n s qu ti ca my pht v s gy ra nhiu thit hi
khc.
c) Trng hp c xt n gi i hn ca cc t my v tn tht trong mng
clear
Pdt=870;
cost=[520 5.1 0.006
440 5.75 0.007
200 6.1 0.007];
m wlim its =[150 300
200 400
150 300];
B=[0.0185, 0, 0
0 ,0 .0 2 1 8 ,0
0, 0, 0.0252];
basem va=100;
dispatch;
gencost;
191
Kt qu l:
Increm ental cost o f delivered pow er (system lambda) = 13.193776 $/MWh
Optimal Dispatch o f Generation:
300.0000
333.5894
300.0000
Total generation cost = 8387.11 s/h
Trong trng hp ny do c xt n tn tht trong mng, nn tng chi ph

cao hn so vi cc trng hp trn, s phn b cng sut ca cc t my y
cng hi khc so vi cc trng hp u.
V i d 13.5: Ba nh m y in lm vic hp nht tro n s mt h thng c tng

ph ti l p 0=865 M W , cc hm chi ph tcma ng v gii hn cna sut pht ca
cc nh my c cho trong bng v d l3 .5 . cc h s tn tht B,J. Bo v Boo c
cho di dng ma trn. Hy phn b ti u cng sut ca cc nh m v c xt n
cc iu kin gii hn cng sut v tn tht in nna trong h thna.
Bng vd13.5. Cc d kin v hm chi p h i v gii hn cng sut ca nh my in
My 1 My 2 My 3
c , $/h C i= 2 1 0 + 7 ,2 P i+ 0 ,0 0 7 P i2 c 2= 200+ 7P2+0,008 C r=180*6. 8P3-*0.009P3j ;

p 22;
Gii hn, Di Trn Di Trn Di Trn
MW
100 300 100 I 350 150 I 400
Cc h s tn tht
B,j=[0.0228 0.0083 0.0026
0.0085 0.0238 0.0016
0.0027 0.0018 0.0180];
Bo=[0.0003 0.0032 0.0016]:
Boo=0.00030462:
192
G ii: p dng chng trinh M atlab gii bi ton vi cc lnh sau:
clear
Pdt=865;
cost=[210 7.2 0.007
200 7.0 0.008
180 6.8 0.009];
mwlim its =[100 300
100 350
150 400];
B=[0.0228 0.0083 0.0026
0.0085 0.0238 0.0016
0.0027 0.0018 0.0180];
B0=[0.0003 0.0032 0.0016];
B00=0.00030462;
dispatch;
gencost;
Kt qu trn mn hnh:
Increm ental cost o f delivered pow er (system lambda) = 14.713451 $/MWh
300.0000
326.4883
331.2455
Total generation cost = 9758.16 $/h
Trong thc t cc h s tn tht c xc nh t chng trinh gii tch mng

in v bi ton phn b ti u cng sut l mt phn ca bi ton gii tch v ti
u ha ch h thng in. Di y chng ta xt mt bi ton tng th nh vy.
193
13.MAT'
Vi d 13.6: Cho s h thng in nh hnh 13.2 cc tham s ca cc
phn t cho trn s v trong bng vd l3 .6 , trong cc tham s in p. in tr
v in dn ca cc on dy cho trong h n v tng i (pu), cng sut tc
dng v phn khng cho trong h n v c tn: MW v M VAr. Nt 1 c coi l
nt cn bng c U| = 1,05 L 0, cc nt 2 v 4 l nt iu chinh c in p tng
ng l 1 03l_0 v 11,02L 0, cn nt 3 v 5 l nt ti. Cc my pht c gii hn
cng sut di l 10 M W v gii hn trn ln lt l 75, 70 v 60 MW . c tnh
kinh t ca cc my pht c cho nh sau:
c , = 161 + 6,8P,+0,007 p ,2;
c 2= 170 + 6,5P2+0,008 p 22;
c ,= 152 + 6,7Pj+0,006 p32;
Hy gii tch v xc nh s phn b ti u cng sut pht trong h thng

in.
Bng V d13.6. Tham s ca cc on dy
Trong h n v tng i, pu
on dy
R X 1/2B
1-2 0,068182 0,236777 0,05445
1-5 0,059091 0,205207 0,04719
2-3 0,044091 0,153116 0,035211
2-4 0,071901 0,234876 0,049828
3-4 0,049091 0,170479 0,039204
4-5 0,03719 0,121488 0,025773
Nh my 1 Nh my 2 Nh my 3

MW
10 50 10 70 10 60
194
Hnh 13.2. S h thng in vi d 13.6.
Gii: Trc ht ta cn thit lp cc ma trn d liu nt busdata v ng dy

linedata, sau p dng cc hm gii tch v phn b cng sut gii bi ton.
Chng trinh M ATLAB c son tho nh sau:
basem va = 100; accuracy = 0.0001; m ax iter= 1 0 ;
% Phu tai c s phat Gioi han
% No code Mag. Degree MW Mvar MW Mvar Qmin Qmax Mvar
busdata=[l 1 1.05 0.0 0 0 0 0 10 50 0
2 2 1.03 0.0 15 8 60 35 10 50 0
3 0 1.00 0.0 40 25 0 0 0 0 0
4 2 1.2 0 .0 20 12 4 0 20 0 0 0
5 0 1.00 0.0 25 16 0 0 0 0 0];
% Bus bus R X 1/2 B lines
% nl nr p.u. p.u. p.u.
195
linedata=[l 2 0.068182 0.236777 0.05445 1
1 5 0.059091 0.205207 0.04719 1
2 3 0.044091 0.153116 0.035211 1
24 0.071901 0.234876 0.049828 1
34 0.049091 0.170479 0.039204 1
45 0.03719 0.121488 0.025773 1];
lfybus % Ma tran ien dan
lfnewton % Giai tich bang phuong phap Newton-Raphson
busout % Hien thi ket qua tren m an hinh
bloss % Nhan he so ton that
cost = [161 6.8 0.007
170 6.5 0.008
152 6.7 0.006];
m w lim its= [10 50
10 70
10 60];
dispatch % Phan bo toi uu cong suat phat
gencost % Tinh toan tong chi phi san xuat dien $/h
P ow er F low Solution by Newton-Raphson M ethod
M aximum P ow er M ism atch = 3.89378e-005
B us Voltage A ngle ------ L oad-....... Generation Injected
No. M ag. D egree MW M var MW M var M var
1 1.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.920 4.466 0.000
196
2 1.050 1.156 15.000 8.000 60.000 19.196 0.000
3 1.012 -0.697 40.000 25.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 1.020 0.490 20.000 13.000 40.000 -13.230 0.000
5 1.019 -0.638 25.000 16.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total 100.000 61.000 100.920 10.432 0.000
B =
0.8607 0.0105 0.0005
0.0105 0.0172 -0.0018
0.0005 -0.0018 0.0121
0 =
0.0454 0.0011 -0.0004
BOO =
8.7066e-004
Total system loss = 0.925 701 M W
Incremental cost o f delivered pow er (system lambda) = 7.331770 S/MWh
10.0000
45.1338
46.9396
Absolute value o f the slack bus real pow er mismatch, dpslack = 0.0908 pu
13.3. Bi tp
B i tp 13.1: Hm chi ph ca cc t my pht nhit in c cho nh sau:
c ,=560+5,6P,+0,005Pi2;
C ,=423+5,8P,+0,007P2: ;
197
C j= 327+6,1P3+0,006P32
Trong chi ph tnh bng ($/h), cng sut tnh bng MW . Tng ph ti
P d=495 MW. B qua tn tht ng dy v gii hn ca my pht, hy xc nh
s phn b cng sut t u gia cc t my v tng chi ph $/h sn xut in nng
ca h thng.
B i lp 13.2: Cng gii bi ton 13.1 trn vi s p dng chng trnh

ha biu th li gii ca bi ton.
B i tp 13.3: Gii li bi ton 13.1 bng lnh "dispatch".
B i lp 13.4: H thng in c ba nh m y vi cc c tnh chi ph nh sau

($/h):
c , =160+6,2P |+ 0,007P I2;
C2=180+5,8P2+0,009P22;
C3=200+6,0pj+0,008p32;
Cc gii hn ca cc t my nh sau: (MW):
50 < P | <200
100 < p 2 <200
100 <P j <350
Tn tht cng sut c xc nh theo biu thc n gin l:
^L(pu) = 0,0213P,PU) + 0,0183P22(pll) + 0 , 0 2 2 5 ^ ,
Trong cc h s tn tht c xc nh trong h n v tng i vi cng

sut c bn l s cb=100 MVA. Tng nhu cu ph ti l PD=675 MW.
Hy phn b ti u cng sut ca cc t my v xc nh tng chi ph $/h

ca nh my in trong cc trng hp:
a. K hng x t n gi i hn c n g su t c a cc t m y ;
b. C xt n gii hn cng sut ca cc t my ;
c. C xt n gii hn cng sut ca cc tn my v tn tht trong mng.
198
B i tp 13.5: Ba nh m y din lm vic hp nht trong mt h thng c
tng ph ti l PD=250 MW, cc hm chi ph tng ng v gii hn cng sut
pht ca cc nh my c cho trong bng bt 13.5, cc h s tn tht Bt|, Bo v Boo
c cho di dng ma trn. Hy phn b ti u cng sut ca cc nh my c xt
n cc iu kin gii hn cng sut v tn tht in nng trong h thng.
Bng bt13.5. Cc d kin v hm chi ph v gii hn cng sut ca nh my in
My 1 My 2 My 3
c , $/h C i= 2 1 0 + 6 ,0 P i+ 0 ,0 0 6 P i2 c 2= C i= 2 2 6 +
3 1 7 + 6 , 4 P 2 + 0 , 0 0 7 P 22 6 , 3 P 3 + 0 , 0 0 8 P 32
Gii hn, Di T rn Di Trn Di Trn

M W
10 I 75 20 100 20 100
B i tp 13.6: Cho s h thng in nh hnh 13.3 cc tham s ca cc

phn t cho trn s v trong bng vdl3.6, trong cc tham s in p, in tr
v in dn ca cc on dy cho trong h n v tng i (pu), cng sut tc
dng v phn khng cho trong h on v c tn: MW v MVAr. Nt 1 c coi l
nt cn bng vi in p l U |= 1 ,0 6 L 0 , cc nt 2 v 3 l nt P-V vi
U = 1 ,0 4 L 0 v 3=1,03L0. Cc nt 5 v 6 l nt ti. Cc my pht c gii hn
cng sut di l 10 MW v gii hn trn ln lt l 75, 70 v 60 MW. c tnh
kinh t ca cc my pht c cho nh sau:
C ,= 260 + 5 ,7 P ,+ 0 ,0 0 6 P ,2;
c,= 196 + 6,3P2+0,005 P,2;

C |= 215 + 6,5P3+0,004 p 32;
Bng bt13.6a: D liu ng dy k c my bin p
T nt n nt R (p.u.) X (p.u.) B/2 (p.u.) Nc BA

1 4 0,035 0,225 0,0065
1 5 0,025 0,105 0,0045
1 6 0,400 0,215 0,0055
2 4 0,000 0,035 0,0000 0,969
3 5 0,000 0,042 0,0000 0,978
4 6 0,028 0,125 0,0035
5 6 0,026 0,175 0,0300
199
Nh my 1 Nh my 2 Nh my 3

MW
50 150 50 200 50 150
Hy xc nh s phn b ti u cng sut pht trong h thng in.
1
Bng bt13.6b: D liu ph ti
Ph ti Cng sut pht
No. Nt u, pu Pd (MW) Q d (Mvar) Pg, MW Q m in Q m ax
1 1,06 0 0 - -
2 1,04 0 0 120 0 100
3 1,03 0 0 100 0 75
4 1 80 57
5 1 64 23
6 . 1 123 75
Mt s chng trnh c bn c sn p dng trong chng 13:
disptch dng tnh ton s phn b ti u dng cng sut trong HT:
gencost cho php xc nh tng chi ph sn xut in nng.
200
Cling 14
Tnh ton ngn mch
14.1. T nh ton ngn m ch i xng
14.1.1. Khi qui v ngn mch i xng

Dng ngn mch i xng c xc nh theo biu thc:
M SC ) = ^ (0) (14.1)
Zkk + Zf
Trong :
u k(0) - in p trc s c ti im ngn mch;

Zkk - tng tr ngn mch;
Z| - in tr qu ti im ngn mch (trng hp ngn mch bn
vng z,=0).
Hnh 14.1.
a) S mng in ngn mch ti nt k; b) S tng ng Thevenin.
201
in p s c (trong qu trinh ngn mch) ti nt i c xc nh theo biu
thc:
U ,( s c ) = u ,( 0 ) - Z ik- M - (14.2)
kk
Dng in trn on dy j trong qu trinh ngn mch c xc nh theo

biu thc:
U j(sc) U (sc)
Iij(sc)= i V y 7 J- (14.3)
'i
T rong :
Zjk - in tr on dy t nt i n nt k;
Zjj - in tr on dy t nt i n nt j.
1 4.1.2. C h n g tr n h tn h to n n g n m c h i x n g
14.1.2.1. C h n g trnh th it l p m a tr n i n tr n t
M a trn in tr nt c th c thit lp theo haicch:Cch th nht p

dng chng trnh Z b u ild v cch th hai l p dng chng trinh Zbuildpi, di
y s gii thiu khi qut v hai chng trinh ny:
1) C h ng trnh Z b u ild
Chng trnh Z b u ild cho php thit lp ma trn in tr nt Z b u s khi d liu

u vo zdata c thit lp:
Zbus = zbuild(zdata)
zdata l ma trn gm 4 ct cha d liu in tr ca cc on dy ca mng.

C th biu th ma trn ny di dng bng nh sau:
S hiu nt in tr on dy, pu
on dy
u Cui R X
G-1 0 1 0.00 0.023
1-2 1 2 0.03 0.240
202
Ct ! l s hiu nt u, ct 2 cha s hiu nt cui, ct 3 v 4 cha d liu
v in tr tc dng v phn khng trong h n v tng i. S hiu cc nt c
th l ty , nhng tt nht nn theo mt nguyn tc nht nh, y tt c cc nt
my pht c nhn s hiu 0, nhnh my pht cha cc in tr my pht: C th
l in tr siu qu (X d), qu (X d) (X d) hoc in tr ng b (Xd). Mt
s ph ti v in dung ni vi t cng c th c xt n trong ma trn ny.
2) C hng trnh Z buildpi
Ma trn Z b u s cng c th c thit lp vi s tr gip ca hm

Z bus-zbuildpi(linedata, gendata, yload), trong linedata l ma trn d liu
ng dy nh xt trong bi ton gii tch mng in, gendata l ma trn d
liu ca my pht, y l ma trn 3 ct, ct th nht cha s hiu nt my pht, ct
th 2 v 3 cha in tr tc dng v in tr phn khng ca my pht.
Ma Vrnyload l ty (khng bt buc). N c cha cc kt qu ca bi ton

gii tch (s hiu nt v in tr ti) yload c to ra mt cch t ng ty thuc
vo vic p dng mt trong cc chng trnh tnh ton ny.
Hai chng trinh (zbuild v ibuildpi) nhn cc ma trn in tr nt theo

thut ton nh. Trc ht mt cy c cha cc phn t lin quan n nt tham
chiu c la chn. Sau cc nhnh duy tr ca cy c ni lin kt v cui
cng cy lin kt c b sung.
14.1.2.2. C h n g trn h tn h to n n g n m ch i x n g
Chng trinh sym faultfzdata, Z bus, V) c xy dng tnh ton ngn

mch i xng. T rong cc ma trn d liu idata v Z bus l bt buc, cn ma
trn in p trc s c V l ty . Neu V khng c biu th, th mt cch mc
nh, in p trc s c c gi thit l 1.0 pu. Nu V c tnh n, th n
c th hin di dng mng gm s hiu nt v in p phc ca nt. Cc d
liu ny c to ra mt cch t ng theo bi ton gii tch mng in.
C hng trinh M ATLAB tnh ton ngn mch i xng trong h thng in
c son tho nh sau [9]:
% Hadi Saadat, 1998
203
function sym faul(zdata, Zbus, V)
nl = zdata(:,l); nr = zdata(:,2); R = zdata(:,3);
X = zdata(:,4);
nc = length(zdata(l,:));
if no > 4
BC = zdata(:,5);
elseif nc = 4 , BC = zeros(length(zdata(:,l)), 1);
end
ZB = R+j*X;
nbr=length(zdata(:,l)); nbus = m ax(m ax(nl), max(nr));
i f exist('V') = 1
if length(V) = nbUs
u o = V;
else, end
else, u o = ones(nbus, 1) + j*zeros(nbus, 1);
end
fpnntf('\Phan tch ngan mach doi xung \n)
f f = 999;
while ff > 0
n f = m put('Vao so hieu nut su CO No. -> ');
while n f <= 0 I n f > nbus
fprintfCNut su co phai nam trong khoang 1 & % g \n', nbus
n f = input(Go nut nm No. -> ');
end
fpnntf('\nV ao dien o su CO Z f = R + j*x in ')

Z f = input(Dang phuc (Neu nm ben vung, thi go 0). Z f = ');
fprintfc \n')
fpnntf('N gan mach ba pha tai nut No. %g\n', nf)
If = U 0(nf)/(Z f + Zbus(nf, nf));
Ifm = abs(If); Ifm ang=angle(If)* 180/pi;
fprintf('Tong dong su CO = % 8.4f pu \n\n\ Ifm)
% Hien thi ra man hinh(' p.u. \n\n', Ifm)
fprintf('Dien ap nut trong qua trinh su CO, pu \n\n')
fprintfc Nut ...........Gia tri dien ap------- \n')
fprintfc No. G ia tri.pu goc pha \n')
for n = 1:nbus
if n= = nf
Uf(nf) = U 0(nf)*Zf/(Zf + Zbus(nf,nf)); Ufm = abs(Uf(nf));

angv=angle(Uf(nf))* 180/pi;
else, Uf(n) = U0(n) - U 0(n)*Zbus(n,nf)/(Zf + Zbus(nf,nf));
u fm = abs(Uf(n)); angv=angle(Uf(n))* 180/pi;
end
fprintfc % 4g', n), fprintf('% 14.4f, Ufm ),fprintf('% 14.4f\n', angv)
end
fprintfC \n')
fprm tf('Dong dien tren duong day khi CO su CO tai nut No. % g\n\n', ni)
fprintfC Tu den Gia tri dong dien \n')
fprintfC nut nut Gia tri,pu goc pha \n')
for n= 1:nbus
% lgn=0;
for 1 = 1 :nbr
if nl(I) = n I nr(I) = n
if nl(I) = n k = nr(I);
elseif nr(I) = n k = nl(I);
end
if k = 0
Ink = (U0(n) - U f(n))/ZB(I);
Inkm = abs(Ink); th=angle(Ink);
% N eu th <= 0
if real(Ink) > 0
fprintfc G '), fprintf('% 7g',n), fprintf('% 12.4f, Inkm)
fprintf('% 12.4f\n', th* 180/pi)
elseif real(Ink) = 0 & im ag(Ink) < 0
fpnntfc G '), fprintf('% 7g',n), fprintf('% 12.4f, Inkm)
fprintf('% 12.4f\n', th* 180/pi)
else, end
Ign=Ink;
elseif k ~= 0
Ink = (Uf(n) - Uf(k))/ZB(I)+BC(I)*Uf(n);
% Ink = (Uf(n) - U f(k))/ZB(I);
Inkm = abs(Ink); th=angle(Ink);
% Ign=Ign+Ink;
% Neu th <= 0
i f real(Ink) > 0
fprintf('%7g', n), fprintf('%10g', k)
fprintf('% 12.4f, Inkm), fprm tfC% 12.4f\n\ th*180/pi)
elseif real(Ink) ==0 & imag(Ink) < 0
fprintf('%7g', n), fprintf('%10g', k),
fprintf('% 12.4f, Inkm), fprintf('%12.4f\n', th* 180/pi)
else, end
else, end
else, end
end
if n==nf
fprintf('%7g',n), fprintfc F'), fprintf('% 12.4f, Ifm)
fprintf('%12.4f\n', Ifmang)
else, end
end
resp=0;
while strcm p(resp, 'ko')~=l & strcmp(resp, ,N')~=1 & strcm p(resp, 'co')~=l
& strcmp(resp, 'co')~=l
resp = input('Co tinh diem nm khac? Go "co" hoac "ko" giua cac dau phay
tren -> ');
if strcmp(resp, 'ko')~=l & strcmp(resp, 'ko)~=l & strcmp(resp, 'co')~ = l &

strcmp(resp, 'co')~=l
fprintfc\n Tra loi sai, thu lai lan nua \n\n'), end
end
if resp == 'co' I resp == 'co'
207
n f = 999;
else ff = 0; end
end % end cho vong lap while
Chng trnh sy m fa u lt s nhc ngi s dng vo s hiu nt s c v in

s c. in tr s c l gi tr in tr qu ti im xy ra s c, nu gi tr
ny khng cho, th c ngha l ngan mch xy ra trc tip (ngn mch bn vng),
khng c in tr qu , tc l Zf = 0. Chng trnh sym fa u lt tnh ton dng s
c chy trn tt c cc on dy v gi tr in p tt c cc nt trong qu trnh
xy ra s c.
V d 14.1: Cho m ng in truyn ti (hnh 14.2) d kin v cc phn t

mng in cho trong bng vdl4.1. Hy p dng cc chng trinh MATLAB tnh
ton ngn mch ti im nt 3 theo hai cch, (coi in tr qu ti im ngn
mch Zf=0):
a. p dng lnh symfault(zdata, Zbus);
b. p dng lnh sym fault(linedata, Zbus).
Hinh 14.2. S h thng in vi d 14.1.
208
Bng vd14.1. Cc d kin ca cc phn t mng in
NM1 Sm p=1x300M VA U n = 6 ,3 kV E * = 1 ,0 5 x "d = 0 ,2 0
NM 2 S m p=1x200M V A U n = 6 ,3 kV E- = 1 ,0 5 x"d = 0 ,1 5
NM 3 S m p = 1 x4 0 0 M V A Un=10,5kV E - = 1,1 x d = 0 ,2 5
TBA1 S ba = 1 x 2 0 0 M V A 6 ,3 / 1 1 5 k V Uk = 1 0 ,5 %
TBA2 S ba = 1 x 1 2 5 M V A 6 ,3 / 1 1 5 k V U k = 1 0 ,5 %
TBA3 Sba= 1x200 M V A 1 0 ,5 /1 1 5 k V Uk = 1 0 ,5 %
D 1 li = 7 8 k m u = 115 kV Xo = 0 ,4 Q /k m ro=0,1 b o = 2 ,8 0 .1 0 "6

s im /k m
D 2 l_2 = 1 3 5 k m u = 115kV X o = 0 ,4 1 f/k m 1-0=0,12 b = 2 ,8 4 .1 0 '6

sim/km
D 3 l2 = 1 2 0 km u = 115 kV xo=0,4Q/km ro = 0 ,1 2 b o = 2 ,8 2 .1 0 '

6s im /k m
D 4 4 = 8 2 km u = 115 kV X o = 0 ,3 9 Q /km ro=0,1 b o = 2 ,8 0 .1 0 '6

s im /k m
D 5 4 = 117 km u = 115 kV x o = 0 ,3 9 Q /k m ro=0,1 b o = 2 ,8 0 .1 0 '6

sim/km
G ii: Trc ht cn xc nh cc tham s ca cc phn t (R, X v B/2)

trong h on v tng i, ng vi ch c bn (xem v d 11.2):
Tip theo ta thit lp file d liu ng dy:
a) Cch th nht :
clear
% nd nc R X
zdata=[0 1 0.0000 0.0667
0 4 0.0000 0.0750
0 7 0.0000 0.0625
1 2 0 0.0525
209
14 MATLAB. . /2-A
2 3 0.0 5 90 0.2359
2 5 0.1225 0.4083
2 6 0.1089 0.3720
3 5 0.0885 0.3540
3 4 0 0.0840
5 6 0.0620 0.2480
6 7 0 0.0525];
Zbus = zbuild(zdata);
symfault(zdata, Zbus);
Khi chy, chng trnh s nhc bn V ao so hieu nut su co No. bn cn

in s hiu nt vo v tr ch, trng hp ny l s 3, khi m y s hi tip:
Vao dien tro su co Z f = R + J*x (Neu nm ben vung, thi go 0). Z f = . Bn cn
in gi tr in tr qu vo v tr sau du bng, trong trng hp ny bn g s
0. Cui cng my s nhc Co tinh diem nm khac? Go 'co' hoac 'ko' giua cac dau
phay tren Nu khng mun tnh tip im ngn mch khc th bn g ch ko
gia hai du phy trn ('ko'). Kt qu tnh ton c th hin trong bng vdl4.1.
b) Cch th hai
linedata=[l 2 0.0000 0.0525 0.000 1
2 3 0.0590 0.2359 0.0144 1
2 5 0.1225 0.4083 0.0252 1
2 6 0.1089 0.3720 0.0225 1
3 4 0.0000 0.0840 0.00 0.975
3 5 0.0885 0.3540 0.0217 1
5 6 0.0620 0.2480 0.0152 1
6 7 0.0000 0.0525 0.0000 1);

% gen R X d
210
gendata=[l 0 0.0667;
4 0 0.075;
7 0 0.0625];
Zbus=zbuildpi(linedata, gendata);
symfault(linedata, Zbus);
lin e d a ta = [l 2 0.0000 0.0525 0.000 1
2 3 0.0590 0.2359 0.0144 1
2 5 0.1225 0.4083 0.0252 1
2 6 0.1089 0.3720 0.0225 1
3 4 0.0000 0.0840 0.00 0.975
3 5 0.0885 0.3540 0.0217 1
5 6 0.0620 0.2480 0.0152 1
6 7 0.0000 0.0525 0.0000 1];
% gen R X d
gendata=[l 0 0.0667;
4 0 0.075;
7 0 0.0625];
Zbus=zbuildpi(linedata, gendata);
sym fault(linedata, Zbus);
y bn cng thc hin cc thao tc tng t nh cch 1. Ket qu th hin

trong bng V14.1 sau:
Kt qu hin th trn mn hinh:
211
Cch th nht: Cch th hai:
Ngan mach ba pha tai nut No. 3 Ngan mach ba pha tai nut No. 3
Tong dong su co = 10.5140 pu Tong dong su co = 10.4569 pu
Dien ap nut trong qua trinh su co, pu Dien ap nut trong qua trinh su co, pu
M.it Nut ---------- G 3 tri dien 3p
No. Gia tri, pu Goc pha No Gia tri, pu Goc pha
1 0.8198 -1.8911 1 0.8186 -1.8977
2 0.6789 -4.0837 2 0.6768 -4.1048
3 0.0000 0.0000 3 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.5283 0.0000 4 0.5283 0.0000
5 0.5378 -3.0677 5 0.5332 -3.0372
6 0.8298 -2.8411 6 0.8278 -2.8587
7 0.9072 -1.4119 7 0.9061 -1.4189
Dong dien tren duong day khi co su co tai Dong dien tren duong day khi co su co tai
nut No. 3 nut No. 3
Tu den -----Gia tri dong dien- Tu den Gia tri dong dien-
nut nut Gia tri, pu Goc pha nut nut Gia tri, pu Goc pha
G 1 2.7382 -81.4815 1 2 2.7558 -81.5185
1 2 2.7382 -81.4815 2 3 2.7858 -79.8683

2 3 2.7920 -80.0417 2 5 0.3421 -78.5714
2 5 0.3320 -81.2471 3 F 10.4569 -85.8369
3 F 10.5140 -85.8369 4 3 6.2893 -90.0000
4 3 6.2893 -90.0000 5 3 1.4641 -78.5616
5 3 1.4739 -79.0314 6 2 0.3991 -68.4970
6 2 0.3915 -70.9564 6 5 1.1557 -77.8952
6 5 1.1422 -78.3876 7 6 1.5484 -76.5938
G 7 1.5313 -76.4927
7 6 1.5313 -76.4927
N h vy ta thy kt qu tnh ton theo hai phng php khng c sai khc
ng k.
212
14.2. T nh ton ngn m ch khng i xng
14.2.1. Khi qut chung v ngn mch khng i xng

Ngn mch khng i xng xy ra di dng ngn mch mt pha chm t,
ngan mch hai pha v ngn mch hai pha - t. Dng in v in p ngn mch
khng di xng c 3 thnh phn: th t khng 1, th t thun I1 v th t nghch
I2. Dng in cc pha c xc nh:
I = I" + I' + I 2
Ib = i + IL + I (>4 -4 )
Ic = 1 + 1 ; + l
C th biu th di dng ma trn nh sau:
1 1 r
X
1 a2 a
K (14.5)
K = II
I 1 a a 2 I2
Trong a l ton t quay: a = 1Z1200, a 2 = 1Z2400, a3= l.
Hav dui dng vit gn:
Ibc= A l " 12 (14.6)
Trong A l ma trn chuyn i. Khi bit cc thnh phn i xng ta d

dng xc nh c gi tr dng in cc pha:
l"': = A ' r bc (14.7)
L u v IV v A l ma trn i xng, nn: AT=A;
Hnh 14.3. S ngn mch

mt pha-t.
213
1 4.2.1.1. N g n m ch m t p h a - t
Cc thnh phn dng ngn mch mt pha- t:
= l l = I = - --------T ^ ---------- <14'8>

Z l + Z ^ + Z l + iZ '
Trong : zkk, z'kk, z 2kk l cc thnh phn in tr th t khng, th t

thun v th t nghch t ngun n im ngn mch.
Dng ngn mch ton phn
i;bc= A I 12 (14.9)
Hnh 14.4. So> ngn mch

hai pha.
14.2.1.2. N g n m c h h a i p h a
Cc thnh phn dng ngn mch hai pha:
l= 0
uk(0) (14.10)
^kk + ^kk 3Zf
Dng ngn mch pha c xc nh tng t nh trn vi s tr gip ca ma

n A.
1 4.2.1.3. N g n m c h h a i p h a - t
Cc thnh phn dng ngn mch hai pha - t:
(14.11)
Z ;k(Z?t + 3 Z )
z 'fcif +I
Z kk + z k + 3 Z r
214
Hnh 14.5. S ngn mch
hai pha-t.
,L = - M h M (14.12)
^kk
0 Uk(0)-Z[X
i + 3 Z; (1413)
Dng in ngn mch khng i xng trong qu trinh xy ra s c:

u ( s c ) u ( s c ) u ,'( s c ) - u j ( s c )
ij yO ij ry\
ij ij
, U f(s c )-U ;(s c )

I . = 7, J (14.14)
j,bc= A I OI2 (14.15)
14.2.2. Chng trnh tnh ton ngn mch khng i xng

Ngn mch khng i xng c tnh ton vi s tr gip ca cc hm:
IgfaultlzdataO, ZbusO, zd a ta l, Z b u sl, zdata2, Zbus2,V), Ilfault(zdatal, Z b u sl,
zdata2. Zbus2,V) v dlgfault(zdataO, ZbusO, zd atal, Z busl, zdata2, Zbus2,V).
Trong cc chi s 0 , 2 v 1 biu th tng ng th t khng, th t nghch
v th t thun. Cc ma trn zdatai c cu trc hon ton ging nh ma trn zdata
ch khc nhau bi gi tr ca cc phn t.
Hm lgfault dng tnh ton v phn tch s c ngn mch mt pha-t,

hm Ilfault dng tnh ton v phn tch s c ngan mch hai pha v hm
dlgfault dng tnh ton v phn tch s c ngn mch hai pha-t. Cc hm
lgfaul v dlgfault i hi cc ma trn in tr th t thun, th t nghch v th t
215
khng, cn hm Ilfault ch i hi ma trn in tr th t thun v th t nghch.
i so V l ty , nu n khng c ni ti, th mt cch mc nh, in p trc
s c c coi l c gi tr 1,0 pu. Gi tr phc ca V c xc nh t ng t cc
chng trinh gii tch mng in.
Cc ma trn in tr nt c xc nh bi hm:
ZbusO=zbuild(zdataO);
Zbus 1=zbuild(zdata 1);
Zbus2=zbuild(zdata2).
Tng t nh ma trn zdata, cc ma trn zdataO, zdatal v zdata2 l cc ma

trn 4 ct: Ct ] l s hiu nt u, ct 2 cha s hiu nt cui, ct 3 v 4 cha d
liu v in tr tc dng v phn khng trong h n vj tong i. Tr my pht,
in tr th t nghch ca cc phn t bng in tr th t thun, cn in tr th
t khng th ph thuc vo cu trc ca cc phn t. Ma trn in tr nt cng c
th c xc nh bi hm:
Zbus=zbuildpi(linedata, gendata, yload), tng t nh i vi trng hp

ngn mch i xng ni trn.
Cng nh trng hp ngn mch i xng, hm lgfault s nhc ngi sir

dng vo s hiu nt s c v in tr phc qu s c Zf.
V d 14.2. S h thng in v d 14.1 vi in tr ca cc phn t cho

trong bng sau:
in tro, pu
Phn t R th t X th t
Thun Nghich Khng Thun Nghich Khng
M y p h i G1 0 0 0 0.0667 0.0667 0.025
M y pht G2 0 0 0 0.075 0,075 0.025
M y pht G3 0 0 0 0.0625 0.0625 0.025
M ba T, 0 0 0 0.0525 0.0525 0.0525
M ba T 2 0 0 0 0.0840 0.0840 0.0840
M ba T 3 0 0 0 0.0525 0.0525 0.0525
n g d y Dd1 0.059 0.059 0.059 0.236 0.236 0.578
n g d y Dd2 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.408 0.408 1
n g d y Dd3 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.372 0.372 0.911
nq dy Dd4 0.062 0.062 0.062 0.248 0.248 0.608
ng dy Dd5 0.089 0.089 0.089 0.354 0.354 0.867
216
Hy tnh ton ngn mch khng i xng ti nt 3, coi in tr qu Zf-0.
G ii: Trc ht ta thit lp cc ma trn in tr ca cc thnh phn i xng

th t thun I t h t nghch 2 v th t khng 0 nh sau:
clear
zdata 1==[0 1 0.0000 0.0667
0 4 0.0000 0.0750
0 7 0.0000 0.0625
1 2 0 0.0525
2 3 0.0590 0.2359
2 5 0.1225 0.4083
2 6 0.1089 0.3720
3 5 0.0885 0.3540
3 4 0 0.0840
5 6 0.0620 0.2480
6 7 0 0.0525];
zdata2==[0 1 0.0000 0.0667
0 4 0.0000 0.0750
0 7 0.0000 0.0625
1 2 0.00 0.0525
7 3 0.0590 0.2359
2 5 0.1225 0.4083
2 6 0.1089 0.3720
3 5 0.0885 0.3540
3 4 0.00 0.0840
5 6 0.0620 0.2480
6 7 0.00 0.0525];
zdata0=[0 1 0.0000 0.0250
0 4 0.0000 0.0250
0 7 0.0000 0.0250
1 2 0 0.0525
2 3 0.0590 0.578
2 5 0.1225 1.000
2 6 0.1089 0.911
3 5 0.0885 0.6080
3 4 0 0.0840
5 6 0.0620 0.8670
6 7 0 0.0525];
ZbusO=zbuild(zdataO);
Zbus2=zbuild(zdata2);
Zbus 1=zbuild(zdata 1);
% Tinh toan ngan mach mot pha -dat
lgfault(zdataO, ZbusO, zd atal, Z b u sl, zdata2, Zbus2)

y bn cng thc hin cc yu cu ca my nh i vi bi ton
ngan mch i xng.
Kt qu l:
Ngan mach m o pha-dat tai nut No. 3
D ong su co long = 10.8268 pu
Dien ap nut trong qua trinh su co, pu
N ut ------- Gia tri dien ap..........
No. Phase a Phase b P hase c
1 0.8624 0.9708 0.9824
2 0.7368 0.9589 0.9757

3 0.0000 1.0006 0.9705
4 0.6043 0.9630 0.9534
5 0.5318 0.9989 0.9928
6 0.8681 0.9687 0.9882
7 0.9314 0.9809 0.9922
D ong dien Iren duong day khi su CO tai nut No.
Tu den ----- Gia tri dong dien
nut nut Phase a Phase b Phase c
I 2 2.4253 0.3944 0.3944

7 3 2.3842 0.4912 0.4912
2 5 0.3359 0.0070 0.0070
3 F 10.8268 0.0000 0.0000
4 3 7.1941 0.7321 0.7321
5 3 1.2769 0.2409 0.2409
6 2 0.2989 0.1042 0.1042
6 5 0.9411 0.2353 0.2353
7 6 1.2381 0.3390 0.3390
% b) Tinh toan ngan mach hai pha
l]fault(zdatal, Z b u sl, zdata2, Zbus2)
Ngan much pha - ph a tai nut No. 3
Tong clong su CO = 9.1054 pu
Dien up nut Irong qua trnh su CO, pu
Nut ------- Gia tri dien ap..........
No. Phase a Phase b Phase c
1 1.0000 0.8818 0.8548
219
2 1.0000 0.7985 0.7442
3 1.0000 0.5000 0.5000
4 1.0000 0.6777 0.6777
5 1.0000 0.7013 0.6648
6 1.0000 0.8956 0.8549
7 1.0000 0.9416 0.9208
D ong dien Iren duong day khi co su1co lai nut
nu! ma Phase a Phase b P hase c
1 2 0.0000 2.3714 2.3714
2 3 0.0000 2.4180 2.4180
2 5 0.0000' 0.2875 0.2875
3 F 0.0000 9.1054 9.1054
4 3 0.0000 5.4467 5.4467
5 3 0.0000 1.2764 1.2764
6 2 0.G000 0.3390 0.3390
6 5 0.0000 0.9892 0.9892
7 6 0.0000 1.3261 1.3261
% c) Tinh toan ngan mach hai pha-dat
dlgfault(zdataO, ZbusO, zd a ta l, Z b u sl. zdata2, Zbus2)
Ngan mach hai pha-dat tai nut No. 3
Tong dong su co = 11.1555 pu
D ien ap nut trong qua trinh su co, p u
N ut ------- Gia tri dien ap--------
220
/ 0.9498 0.8509 0.8345
2 0.9287 0.7249 0.6966
3 0.9700 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.9074 0.5727 0.5703
5 0.9914 0.5378 0.5317
6 0.9539 0.8625 0.8382
7 0.9716 0.9266 0.9133
ong dien tren (lung day khi co su co lai tiut
nut nut Phase a P h a se b Phase c
1 2 0.4064 2.5564 2.6270

2 3 0.5061 2.5611 2.6527
2 5 0.0073 0.3323 0.3357
3 F a 0000 10.5136 10.8399
4 3 0.7543 6.8177 6.7897
5 3 0.2483 1.3600 1.4067
6 2 0.1074 0.3478 0.3593
6 5 0.2424 1.0342 1.0734
7 6 0.3493 1.3769 1.4321
Cc chng trnh abc2sc v sc2abc cho php chuyn i h thng in p

v dng in pha thnh cc thnh phn i xng v ngc li - t cc thnh phn
i xng thnh h thng in p hoc dng in khng i xng.
V d 14.3: Cc gi tr in p o c trong mng in khng i xng l

u a= 1.4 L 30"; u b=0.9 L 190; Uc= 1.01_ 118. Hy p dng chng trnh M ATLAB
xc nh cc thnh phn i xng v v th vect.
G ii: Chng trinh M atlab c son tho nh sau:
221
clear
Uabc = [1.4 30
0.9 190
1.0 118];
U012 = abc2sc(Uabc); % Cac thanh phan doi xung
U012p= rec2pol(U 012) % Chuyen sang dang toa do cuc
Ket qu nhn c cc gi tr v vect ca thnh phn i xng:
U012p =
0.4779 95.7383
0.9301 -0.4998
0.4038 35.1641
a -b -c T h an h phan thu tu kh on g
1 1
0.5 0 .5
0 + _____ 0
-0.5 -0 .5
-1 -1
.
-1 0 1 -1 0 1
Thanh p han thu tu thuan Thanh phan th u tu ngh ich
1 1
0.5 0 .5
0 0 j
-0 .5 -0 .5
-1 -1
- 1 0 1 - 1 0 1
Hnh 14.6. Biu vector cc thnh phn i xng v in p pha ca

mng in khng di xng.
222
VI d 14.4: Hy p dng cc lnh M ATLAB xc nh gi tr dng in cc
pha ca mch in khng i xng, bit cc thnh phn i xng tng ng l:
I" = 0,7 L 80; I' = 1,2 L 20; I2 = 0,8 L -25;
a-b-c Thanh phan thu tu khong
-2 0 2
Thanh phan thu tu thuan Thanh phan thu tu nghich

CM
Y
1
-1
A
-2
Hnh 14.7. Biu vector cc thnh phn i xng v dng in cc pha ca

mng in khng i xng.
G ii: Chng trinh M atlab c son tho nh sau:
clear
1012 = [0.7 80
1.2 20
0.8 -25];
Iabc = sc2abc(I012); % Dong dien khong doi xung
223
Iabcp= rec2pol(Iabc) % Chuyen sang toa do cuc
Kt qu nhn c cc gi tr v vect ca dng in cc pha:
Iabcp =
2.1161 21.0975
0.3424 117.2045
1.7649 145.4140
14.3. Bi tp
B i tp 14.1: Cho mng in truyn ti (hnh 14.8) d kin v cc phn t
m ng in cho trong bng bt 14.1. Hy p dng cc chng trnh MATLAB tnh
ton ngn mch ti im 3 v im 4 theo hai cch (coi in tr qu ti im
ngn mch Zf=0):
a. p dng lnh sym fault(zdata, Zbus);
b. p dng lnh sym fault(linedata, Zbus).
G1 Smp=1x200MVA Un=6,3 kv E- = 1,05 xa =0,20
G6 Smp=1x350MVA U n = 1 0 ,5 k V E -= 1.1 x"a =0,15
TBA1 S ba=1x250 MVA 6,3/115kV u k =10,5%
TBA2 Sba= 1x400 MVA 10,5/115kV Uk =10,5%
D 1 li = 100 km u = 115 kV Xo =0,40n/km ro=0,085 b=2,82.106

sim/km
D 2 L.2 = 75 km u = 115k V xo=0,41Q/km ro=0,1 bo=2,81.10"6

sim/km
D 3 l2 = 112 km u = 115 kV X o = 0 ,4 0 n /k m ro = 0 ,0 8 b o = 2 .8 0 .1 0 '6

sim/km
D4 4 = 69 km u = 115 kv X o = 0 ,3 9 n /k m ro = 0 .0 6 5 b c= 2 .8 4 .1 0 "6
sim/km
D 5 L5 = 132 km u = 115 k v X o = 0 ,4 0 n /k m ro = 0 ,1 0 6 bo=2.80.10'6

s im /k m
224
B i tp 14.2 Hy tnh ton ngn mch khng i xng (ngn mch mt pha-
t, hai pha v hai pha - t) ti cc nt 3 v 4 ca s h thng in bi tp 14.1
(hnh 14.8) vi in tr ca cc phn t cho trong bng sau:
in tr, pu
Phn t R th t X th t
Thun Nghch Khng Thun Nghch Khng
My pht G1 0 0 0 0.100 0.100 0.037
My pht G2 0 0 0 0.0429 0.0429 0.014
Mba T 0 0 0 0.0268 0.0268 0.015
Mba 2 0 0 0 0.0840 0.0840 0.050
ng dy Dd1 0.0643 0.0643 0.0643 0.3025 0.3025 0.741
ng dy Dd2 0.0567 0.0567 0.0567 0.2325 0.2325 0.570
ng dy Dd3 0.0915 0.0915 0.0915 0.3388 0.3388 0.830
ng dy Dd4 0.0339 0.0339 0.0339 0.2035 0.2035 0.499
ng dy Dd5 0.1058 0.1058 0.1058 0.3992 0.3992 0.978
15.MATLAB... /2-A
B i tp 14.3: Cc gi tr dng in o c trong m ng in khng i xng
l Ia= 1.2 L 3 6 ; Ib= 0 .8 2 L 180; UC= 0 .7 L ^ 6 . Hy p dng chcmg trinh
M ATLAB xc nh cc thnh phn i xng v v th vect
B i tp 14.4: Hy p dng cc lnh M ATLAB xc jnh gi tr in p cc

pha ca mch in khng i xng, bit cc thnh phn i xng tng ng l:
u = 0,8 L 120; ' = 1,4 L 40; u 2 = 0,9 L -52.
M t s ch o n g trn h co bn c sn p d n g tro n g ch n g 14:
Zbuild(Zdata) cho php thit lp ma trn in tr nt Zbus khi bit ma trn

Zdata;
Zbus=zbuildpi(linedata, gendata, yload), cho php thit lp ma trn in tr

n t Zbus khi bit ma trn linedata, gendata, yload;
symfault(zdata, Zbus, V) dng tnh ton ngan mch i xng;
sym fault(linedata, Zbus) dng tnh ton ngn mch i xng;
lgfault dng tnh ton v phn tch s c ngn mch mt pha-t,
Ilfault dng tinh ton v phn tch s c ngn mch hai pha:
dlgfault dng tinh ton v phn tch s c ngn mch hai pha-t.
abc2sc v sc2abc cho php chuyn i h thng in p v dng in pha

thnh cc thnh phn i xng v ngc li.
226
15 MATLAB .. /2-B
C h n g 15
Thit k cung cp in
15.1. C hn tit din dy dn

Tit din dy dn ca mng in phn phi c chn theo phng php hao
tn in p cho php theo biu thc:
10 3 / > / ,
F =: ------ --------;
'-------; bm imi 2; (15.1)
AU
Trong :
AU r thnh phn tc dng ca hao tn in p cho php, V;
Pi - cng sut tc dng trn on dy th i, kW;
li- chiu di on dy th i, km;
u - in p ca m ng in, thng ly bng gi tr nh mc, kV.

y - in dn sut (m/Q.mm ). Vi dy ng ycu=54; vi dy nhm Yai=32; dy
nhm li thp ac=3 1,5 (m/Q.mm2).
Theo phng php chi ph kim loi mu cc tiu, tit din on dy cui cng (on
th m) c xc nh theo biu thc:
F " = ~U
r iA
/ / r
j 1^ < (15.2)
p, - cng sut tc dng trn on dy cui cng (th m), kW; \
227
s,= p, +jQ i s,= p, + jQ, s m= P m+jQm m
p n I
Hinh 15.1. ng dy khng phn nhnh.
Khi bit tit din ca on dy cui cng thi tt din ca cc on dy

khc c xc nh theo biu thc:
p,
F; = F r, - ; (15.3)
i vi ng dy phn nhnh, tit din on dy chung l:
p = Mo = po'o (15.4)
.A #0 r - A so
Vi
A U ro - thnh phn tc dng ca hao tn in p trn on dy chung:
A RO = - AUr (15.5)
M ,l,
i=2
1+
M 0l0
Mi - mmen ti trn on d> i i.
228
Chn tit din dy dn l bi ton c nhiu phng n la chn, trong qu
trinh gii cn b sung cc d kin ty thuc vo kt qu tnh ton ca cc bc
tinh trc . Cc d liu b sung ny c cho vo vi s tr gip ca lnh input.
tin lp trnh, trc ht cn thit lp mng d kin ban u dlcd gm 6 tham s:
dlcd=[U,l,P,Q,gam ,dU];
Trong :
u - in p, kV; I - chiu di ng dy, km; p, Q - cng sut tc

dng v phn khng, kW v kVAr; gam - in dn sut ca vt liu
dn; du - hao tn in p cho php, %.
Trong qu trinh gii, cn c vo kt qu tnh toan tit din dy dn F, m

c hin th trn mn hnh, ta g m hiu dy c tit din gn nht, ngay sau dng
nhac lnh input. Neu kt qu cui cng d t > dUcp, thi cn chn li dy dn ln
hon v bi ton kt thc khi iu kin dUt < dUcp c m bo. Trong trng
hp bnmun chn ung dy mch kp th cn thm chi s k vo trc m hiu
dy, v d chn dy 2xA240, th g vo v tr ch kA240.
Vi d 15.1. Hy chn tit din dy dn cho ng dy trung p 22 k v di

18,75 km, bit hao tn in p cho php l AUCp = 2,5% ; cng sut truyn ti
S=692+j519 kVA, d kin dng dy thp nhm (y=31,5 m /Q .m m 2).
G ii: Chng trinh M ATLAB c son tho nh sau:
clear
DdU22;
u = 2 2 ; 1=18.5; p = 6 9 2 ; Q = 5 19; g am = 3 1 .5 ; d = 2 .5 ;
dlcd=[U ,l,P,Q ,gam ,dU];
xo=0.4;
d cp= d lcd (l)* d lcd(6)*10A3/100
dU x= dlcd(4)*xo*dlcd(2)/dlcd(l);
dUr=dUcp-dUx;
F=dlcd(3)*dlcd(2)*lO A3/(dlcd(5)*dUr*dlcd(1))
F l= input('C hon day = ') % Neu chua CO file DdU22 thi go rO+jxO day chon
F2=input(T iet dien day = ') % Go tiet dien day chon, mm2
dUt=(dlcd(3)*real(F 1)+dlcd(4)*im ag(Fl ))*dlcd(2)/dlcd( 1);
Fc=F2;
dispCKet qua la:')
disp('Fc dUt dUcp')
fpnntf('% g'), disp([Fc, dUt, dUcp]);
Trong qu trnh gii, my cho kt qu v thng bo cn chn m hiu dy:
F =
49.2061
Chon day =
Ta g AC50, (ch , nu m y bn cha c file DdU22, th cn g sut in

tr phc ca dy dn A50, tc l g 0.65+J*0.405), khi m y tnh tip v thng
bo:
Tiet dien day =
Ta g tit din dy chn, tc l 50. Cui cng kt qu la chn v tnh

ton hin th trn mn hnh nh sau:
Ket qua la:
Fc dU t d cp
50.0000 554.9958 550.0000
C ngha l nu ta chn dy dn AC50. thi hao tn in p thc t s l

AU,=554.996 V, hi ln hn gi tr cho php mt cht nhng khng ng k. Nu
ta chn li bng dy AC70 thi kt qu s l :
Fc dU t d cp
70.0000 440.0688 550.0000
230
y gi tr hao tn in p tnh ton nh hn nhiu so vi gi tr cho php,
v vy c th dn n gim hiu qu kinh t ca ng dy. Bi ton ny c th
c gii bng cch gi lnh chonF (dlcd) lu trong my vi c php nh sau:
clear
u=22; 1=18.5; p=692; Q=519; gam=31.5; du=2.5;

dlcd=[U,l,P,Q,gam,dU];
chonF(dlcd);
Ket qu nhn c cng ging nh trn. i vi mng in phn nhnh, th

vic la chn tit din dy dn phc tp hn mt cht, do phi xc nh hao tn
in p cho php trn tng nhnh dy. Chng ta xt bi ton c th sau.
V d 15.2: Hy chn tit din dy dn cho mng in h p U=0,38kV (hinh

15.3), theo phng php chi phi kim loi mu cc tiu, bit hao tn in p cho
php AUCp=8,5%. Cc ph ti v chiu di ng dy cho trong bng sau :
on ab bc bd
1, km 0,23 0,37 0,29
im ti B c D
s, kVA 28+j23 19+j12,7 26,7+j18,5
D nh chn dy nhm vi = 32 m.mm2/ .
Gii: Chng trnh M ATLAB c son tho nh sau:
clear
DdU04;
1=[0.23, 0.37, 0.29];
s=[28+j*23. 19+j*12.7, 26+j*18.5];
u=0.38; gam=32; XO=0.38; dUpt=8.5;
Sab=sum(S);
dU xab=xo*im ag(Sab)*l( 1);
dU xbc=xo*im ag(S(2))*l(2);
231
dUxbd=xo*im ag(S(3))*l(3);
dUxf=[ dUxbc, dUxbd];
dUx=dUxab+max(dUxf);
dUcp=U*dUpt*10;
dUr=dUcp-dUx;
M ab=real(Sab)*l( 1); Hinh 15 3 Scr m? n9 i n vi d M15.2.
M bc= real(S (2))*l(2);
M bd= real(S(3))*l(3);
dUrab=dUr/( 1+sqrt((M bc*l(2)+M bd*l(3))/(M ab*l( 1))));
Fab=real(Sab)*l(l )* 10A3/(gam *U*dUrab)
F l= input('C hon ma hieu day A = ');
Fld=input('G o tiet dien day Fab = ');
Fab= Fld;
dUabr=real(Sab)*real(F 1)*1( 1)/U;
dbcr=dU r-dU abr:
Fbc=real(S(2))*i(2)* 10A3/(gam*U*dUbcr)
F2=input('Chon ma hieu day A = ');
F2d=input('G o tiet dien day Fbc = ');
Fbc=F2d:
Fbd=real(S(3))*l(3)*10A3/(gam *U*dUbcr)
F3=input('Chon ma hieu day A = ');
F3d=input('G o tiet dien day Fbd = ');
Fbd=F3d;
dU abt= (real(S ab)*real(F l)+im ag(S ab)*im ag(F l))*l(l)/U :
dU bct=(real(S(2))*real(F2)+im ag(S(2))*im ag(F2))*l(2)/U
232
dUbdt=(real(S(3))*real(F3)+im ag(S(3))*imag(F3))*l(3)/U
dUbt=[ d u b ct. dUbdt];
dU= dUabt+max(dUbt);
dispt'K et qua la:)
dispC Fab Fbc Fbd du dUcp')
fprintf('%g'), disp([Fab, Fbc, Fbd.dU, dUcp])
Khi chy chng trnh, trong qu trnh gii ta nhn c kt qu u tin l:
Fab =
115.3295
ong thi my thng bo:
Chon ma lieu day A =
T s liu tinh ton c thng bo Fab=l 15.3295 ta c th chn dy A120,

tc l cn g m hiu dy dn A 120 vo v tr ch, khi my thng bo tip :
Go tiet dien day Fab =
y ta chi g tit din dy vo v tr ch, tc l g s 120, khi g xong

v an enter ta li s nhn c dng thng bo l:
Fbc =
42.5264
Chon ma hieu day A =
Ta g m hiu dy A50 vo v tri ch. Tip theo, tng t nh trn s c

thng bo g tit din dy va chn :
Go tie! (lien day Fab =
Ln ny ta cng chi g s 50 nhn thng bo tip:
Fbd =
45.6116
Chon ma hieu day A = AC50
233
Ta thc hin cc thao tc tomg t nh trn:
Go tiel dien day Fab - 50
Kt qu cui cng hin th trn mn hnh l:
Ket qua la:
Fab Fbc F bd du dUcp
120.0000 50.0000 50.0000 38.9882 32.3000
y ta thy hao tn in p tnh ton AU=38,998V, ln hn gi tr cho

php AUCp=32,3 V, do ta cho chng trnh thc hin ln th hai. Ln ny ta
chn :
Fjb=A150 ; Fbc=A70 v Fbd=A70. Kt qu hin th trn mn hnh lc ny nhu

sau:
K et qua la:
Fab 'Fbc F bd du dUcp
150.0000 70.0000 70.0000 32.2963 32.3000
N h vy vi cc tit din dy chn hao tn in p tnh ton s gn bng

gi tr cho php, bi ton t yu cu.
1S.2. C hn cp in p ti u ca li phn phi

Chi ph quy dn (hay quy i) c xc nh theo biu thc:
=p.v + c ; (15.6)
Trong :
V - tng vn u t thit b, .;
c- tng chi ph thng nin, /nm;
p - h s hiu qu s dng v khu hao thit b:
p = a,c + ky, (15.7)
kkh - h s khu hao thit b;
234
a(c - h s tiu chun s dng hiu qu vn u t, xc nh theo biu
thc:
a = ; (15.8)
'c (l + i)T - l
Th - tui th ca cng trnh, nm;
i - h s chit khu, c xc nh ph thuc vo li sut sn xut, t

l lm pht v li sut ngn hng, i vi ngnh in thng ly i =
0,1+0,2.
Vn u t ca cc phn t h thng in c th c xc nh theo cc chi

tiu kinh t:
- i vi ng dy: V,i=(a+bF).l; (15.9)
- i vi trm bin p: Vb=m +nSb. (15.10)
Trong :
a, m - cc h s kinh t c nh ca ng dy v trm bin p;
b, n - cc h s kinh t thay i ca ng dy v trm bin p;
F, Sb - tit din dy dn v cng sut nh mc ca my bin p.
Cc tham s kinh t ca ng dy (a, b) v trm bin p (m, n) c th tra

bng lnh tsoktedd v lnh tsoktetba. Khi cc lnh ny c g v n enter, thi s
c dng thng bo vo dy dn hoc my bin p cp in p v sau khi thng
tin c khai bo. th kt qu v cc tham s kinh t s hin th trn mn hnh.
V d nu bn cn tra cc h s kinh t ca ng dy 22 k v , th cn g lnh:
tsoktedd
Sau khi n enter th s c dng thng bo xut hin di dng:
Go ma hieu dav dan giua cac dau phay tren (')->
Bn cn g tip lnh DdU22 vo gia haidu phy trn ( '') ti v tr ch khi

kt qu tra s liu c hin th trn mn hnh:
235
a b
O^d 10A6d/mm2
198.75 1.09 '

Nu bn mun tra s liu kinh t ca trm bin p phn phi 10 k v , thi bn
cn g lnh tsoktetba, sau khi n enter th s c dng thng bo xut hin di dng:
Go ma hieu MBA giua cac dau phay tren (')->
Bn g 'B AU10' ti v tri ch, khi kt qu tra s liu c hin th trn
mn hnh:
m n
10A6 d 10A6 d/kVA
19 0.18
Neu nh cha c cc chng trinh tsoktedd v lnh tsoktetba ci trc trong

my. thi bn cn b sung trn c s s liu ca cc ph lc thit k cung cp in.
Tng chi ph tnh ton ca h thng in gm h ng dy v k trm bin p

c xc nh theo biu thc:
Z = S [ P ' i (a + b F ^ 1 + C d] + Z ^ [ P B ( m + nS b) + C B] = m ln : (15.11)
I I
Phng n c tng chi ph quy dn nh nht s l phng n ti u. nc

ta cc phcma n s dng cp in p phn phi sau y c coi l cnh tranh:
110/35/10/0,4 kV; 110/35/15/0,4; 110/35/0,4; 110/22/0,4; 110 10 0.4. so
snh cc phng n. ta biu th hm chi ph z ph thuc vo bn kinh cp in r
sau t: Z| = Z; v z 2= Z}. T gii cc phng trnh xc nh \ n g gii
hn s dng ca cc cp in p. Ta xt mt s v d c th:
V i d 15.3: Hy xc nh chi ph qu dn ca ng d> 22 k v c chiu di

1=23.5 km lm bne dy A C .50, Cc tham s kinh te ca na dy
a : : ~ l 94.6 1O YND km v b n = l ,l l.lO 'V N D /km .m m 2; h s khu hao ng d\
kktuT^/; Cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy l s=1340 kVA: Thi 2 an s dng
cng sut cc i T\i=4760h, gi thnh tn tht Ci=1000 k \V h Tui th cng
trnh Th=25 nm. h s chit khu i = 0 ,1.
236
G ii: Chng trinh MATLAB c son tho nh sau:
c le a r
DdU22;
u= 2 2 ; a=194.6; b = l .l l ; F=50; cd=0.001; Th=25; ii=0.1; Tm=4760; 1=23.5;

s=1340; kkhd=0.04;
I=S/(sqrt(3)*U); % Gia tri dong dien
atc= (ii*(l+ ii)AT h )/((l+ ii)AT h -l); % He so tieu chuan s dung von
pd=atc+kkhd;
to=(0.124+Tm *10A-4)A2*8760: % Thoi gian hao ton cc dai
R=real(AC50)*l; % Dien tro tac dung cua duong day
Vd=(a+b*F)*l; % Von dau tu duong day
Cd=3*IA2*R*to*cd*10A-3; % Chi phi ton that tren duong day
Zd=pd*Vd+Cd; % Chi phi quy dan cua duong day
dispCZd, 10A6 VND/nam');
fprintf(% 7 .2 f), disp([Zd])
Ket qu nhn c l:
Z22, 10*6 VND/nam
1 06130
Nh vy tng chi ph quy dn ca ng dy 22 k v l 1061,30 triu

ng/nm.
Vi d 15.4: Hy xc nh chi ph quy dn ca trm bin p 22/0,4 k v c

cng sut nh mc s=500 kVA, cng sut ca ph ti l S=387kVA; thi gian s
dng cng sut cc i TM=4760h, gi thnh tn tht c4=1000 /kW h; Tui th
trm bin p T|,=25 nm, h s chit khu i=0,l. Cc tham s kinh t:
m =24,18.10f,VND. n=0,18.10VND/kVA, h s khu hao my bin p kkhb=6,5%.
G ii: Trc ht tra s liu ca my bin p 500 kVA 22/0,4 k v ta g

lnh:
BA22;
BA500
Bn cn g m hiu my gia hai du phy trn vo v tr ch 'BA500'. Khi
s nhn c kt qu:
Sn dPO dP K k 10 R X
kVA kW kW pt pl (pu) (pu)
500 1.00 7.00 4 5.5 0.014 0.037
Trng hp cha c file d liu ca my bin p c np trong my, th

cn tra ph lc c cc d kin nh trn. Chng trnh M A TLAB xc nh chi
ph quy dn ca trm bin p c son tho nh sau:
clear
u=22; Sn=500; m=24.18; n=0.18; cd=0.001; Th=25; ii=0.1; Tm=4760;

Spt=387; kkhb=0.065;
d P o = l; dPk=7; t=8760;
atc=(ii*( 1+ii)ATh)/(( 1+ii)AT h -1);
pb=atc+kkhb;
to = (0 .124+Tm* 10A-4)A2*8760;
kmt=Spt/Sn;
V b=m +n*Sn; % Von dau tu MBA
Cb=(dPk* km tA2*to + dPo*t)*cd; % Chi phi ton that trong MBA
Zb=pb*V b+Cb; % Chi phi quy dan cua M BA
disp('Zb, 10A6 VND/nam ');
fprintf('% 7.2f), disp([Zb])
Zb, 10^6 VND/nam
41.99
238
Tc l tng chi ph quy i ca trm bin p l 41,99 triu VND/nm.
V d 15.5: Hy so snh cc phng n chn cp in p phn phi cung

cp in cho mt im ti cng sut s =722+j385 kVA; Chiu di t trm bin p
trung gian n trung tm ti l 18 km; Hao tn in p cho php AUCp=5%. Thi
gian s dng cng sut cc i T M=4760 h, gi thnh tn tht in nng ca=1000
/kWh. Tui th ca mng in coi bng Th=25 nm, h s chit khu i= 0 ,l. Cc
tham s kinh t ca my bin p v ng dy c cho trong bng sau:
u, kv m, 106d n, 106/kVA a, 10sd/km b, 106/km.mm2
10 19,04 0,18 158,01 0,89
22 24,18 0,18 194,6 1,11
35 34,34 0,20 228,19 1,28
G i i: Trc ht cn xc nh tit din ca ng dy theo chng trnh v d
15.1. tirng ng vi cc cp in p 10; 22 v 35 k v .
clear all
DdU10; DdU22; DdU35;
u =10 ;
1=18; p=722; Q=385; gam =31.5; dU=5;
dlcd=[U ,l,P,Q ,gam ,d];
chonF(dlcd);
Ket qu nhn c nh sau:
PA Fc dt dUcp
10 185.00 487.04 500.00
22 35.00 637.25 1100.00
35 35.00 400.56 1750.00
i vi cc phng n 22 v 35 kV, do iu kin bn c hc nn tit din

dy khng th chn nh hn 35 mm 2, bi vy cc phng n ny hao tn in p
thc t nh hn nhiu so vi cc gi tr cho php.
239
Nu khng c ph lc, thi bn c th tra s liu v cc my bin p bng
lnh BA 10. BA22 v BA35 v g m my tng ng gia cc du phy trn (trong
trng hp ny l B A 1000). Kt qu nhn c bng s liu sau:
Sn DPO DPK Uk 10 R X
kV kVA k w kW pt pl (pu) <pu)
10 1000 1.75 13.00 5.5 5.0 0.013 0 053
22 1000 1.75 13.0 5.0 5.0 0.013 0.048
35 1000 1.90 13.0 6.5 5.5 0.013 0.064
Chng trinh M ATLAB c son tho xc nh cc chi tiu kinh t-k

thut ca cc phng n nh sau:
clear
format bank
u =[10 22 35];
m =[19.04 24.18 34.34];
n =[0.18 0.18 0.2];
dPo =[1.75 1.75 1.90];
dPk =[13 13 13];
a =[158.01 194.6 228.19];
b =[0.89 1.11 1.28];
DdUlO; DdU22; DdU35;
Z=[AC185 AC35 AC35];
F=[185 35 35];
Sb=1000; cd=0.001; Th=25; 11=0.1; Tm =4760; kkhb=0.065;
t=8760; 1=18; kkhd=0.04; p=722; Q=385;
atc=(ii*( 1+ii)ATh)/(( 1+ii)AT h -1);
to = (0 .124+Tm* 10A-4)A2*8760;
pb=atc+kkhb;
pd=atc+kkhd;
Spt=sqrt(PA2+Q A2);
kmt=Spt/Sb:
Vb=m+n*Sb:
Cb=(dPk* km tA2*to + dPo*t)*cd;
Zb=pb*Vb+Cb;
R=real(Z).*l:
I=Spt./(sqrt(3).*U);
Vd=(a+b.*F).*l;
Cd=I.A2.*3.*R*to*cd*10A-3;
Zd=pd.*Vd+Cd:
Ztong=Zb+Zd;
dispCChi phi quy doi 10A6 VND');
disp('Zb');
fprintf('% 7.2f), disp([Zb])
disp('Zd');
fprintf('% 7.2f), disp([Zd])
disp('Ztong'):
fprintf('% 7.2f), disp([Ztong])
Ket qu hin th trn mn hnh !:
Chi p h i quy doi 10*6 VND
Zb
77.64 78.54 85.14
Zd
16.MATIAB /2-A
93(5.77 697.76 764.27
Ztong
1015.41 776.31 849.41
n g vi ct th nht, th hai v th ba l chi ph quy dn ca cc cp in p

10 22 v 35 kV. Cc s liu tinh ton cho thy ch phi quy dn ca trm bin p
10/0 4kV c gi tr thp nht, nhung chi ph quy dn ca ng dy 10 kV li cao
nht. Tng chi ph quy dn ca phng n 22 k v c gi tr nh nht
(Z 22 =776 31.106 VND), do cp in p 22 kV s l cp ti u i vi mng
in xt.
15.3. C hn trm bin p
1 5.3.1. V t r t i u c a tr m b i n p
V tr trm bin p c chn theo tm ti
V x P y ' y p
x= Y= <1512)
Trong :
Xj, yi - T a c a im ti th i;
P| - Cng sut ca im ti i;
X , Y - Ta ca trm bin p phn phi.
Vi d 15.6. Xc nh v tr ti u ca trm bin p. bit ta \ cng sut

(kVA) ca cc im ti nh sau:
X 29 6 63 220 180 138 48 110 210 167 220 100

Y 157 69 73 210 84 134 106 75 117 187 48 230
s 54,2 52.4 50,2 51 67 31 50,1 42,3 26,3 33,8 33,2 47,5
clear
x=[29 6 63 220 180 138 48 110 210 167 220 100];
242
16.MATLAB /2-B
y=[ 157 69 73 210 84 134 106 75 117 187 48 230];
s=[54.2 52.4 50.2 51.67 31 50.1 42.3 26.3 67 33.8 33.2 47.5];
Xb=sum(x.*S)./sum(S);
Yb=sum(y.*S)./sum(S);
plot(x,y,'h', X b,Y b,'0'), grid
title('So do phan bo phu tai');
legendfdiem tai; T B A );
Kt qu nhn c:
So do phan bo phu tai

240 r
0 diem tai 1 $
220 9 TBA
0
200 r
I
0
180
160 -
140
120 [ :
100
0
80 -
i : 0
60 i
0
401
50 100 150 200 250
15.3.2. Chn so lng v cng sut my bin p

Chn s lng v cng sut ti u ca my bin p c thc hin trn c s
cc tiu ha hm chi ph:
Z = pV B + cAAA + Y , (15.13)
243
Trong :
V Bvn u t my bin p;
p - h s s dng tiu chun v khu hao thit b:
Y - thit hi do mt in.
Y = gih Ath = gth Pthtf, (15.14)
glh - n gi thit hi do mt in, ng/kW h, i vi cc x nghip

cng nghip c th ly g,h = 5000+25000 /kW h;
Ath - in nng thiu ht do mt in ong nm, kWh;
p lh- cng sut thiu ht trong thi gian mt in tr;
t f - thi gian mt in trung binh hng nm.
Vic p dng M ATLAB c th c thc hin theo cc phng thc khc

nhau: Th nht l son tho chng trnh gii bi ton theo trinh t tim nghim
nh bit; Th hai l p dng cc hm c sn. Cch th hai n gin v thun
tin hn, nhng khng phi phin bn M ATLAB no cng c cc hm ny. Ta xt
v d vi hai cch gii sau:
V d 15.7. Mt x nghip sn xut c cng sut tnh ton nm hin ti l

So=358kVA, sut tng ph ti trung bnh hng nm l a=6,5%, hrn d bo dng
tuyn tinh theo thi gian: s,= s0( 1+a.(t-to); h s cng sut coi l khng i v bng
coscp=0,85 trong ph ti loi I v II chim 72% (m , 2 = 0,72), thi gian s dng
cng sut cc i TM = 4250 h. h s chit khu i = 0,1; gi thnh tn tht in nng
=1000 /kWh; sut thit hi do mt in g,h=5000 ng/kw h. chu k tnh ton
T=7 nm. Hy chn s lng v cng sut my bin p ca trm bin p 22/0,4 kV
cung cap cho x nghip.
G ii:
Trc ht ta cn xc nh ph ti d bo nm th 7 vi c php:
clear
t= l:7 : td= l ;
244
S t= 378.*(l+ 0.065.* (t-td ));
S7=St(7)
Ket qu nhn c l:
S7 = 525.42;
Nh vy y ta c ba phng n la chn xy dng trm bin p l :

2x250 ; 1x500 v 1x630 kVA. Vic xc nh chi phi quy dn ca cc phng n
c thc hin theo cc phng php sau:
a) Cch th nht, son tho chng trinh MATLAB:
clear
cd=0.001; gth=0.005; p=0.2; cofi=0.85; ii=0.1; tf=24;
m l2= 0.72 ; P0=378 ; a=0.065 ; Tm=4250 ;
Sba 1=250; dP ol= 0.64; dP kl= 4.1; n l= 2 ; V b al= 166;
Sba2=500; dPo2=1.00; dPk2=7.0; n 2 = l; Vba2= 123;
Sba3=630; Po3=1.20; dPk3=8.2; n 3 = l; Vba3= 133;
to= (0.124+Tm* 10A-4)A2*8760;
t= l:7;
b et= l/(l+ ii);
St= P 0 .* (l+ a .* (t-l));
d A 1=n 1*dPo 1*8760+dP kl/n 1,*(St/Sba 1).A2*to;
C l= d A l.* cd ;
S th=m l2.*St;
Z l= p * V b a l+ C l;
Z lt= Z l.* b e t.At;
dA 2=n2*dPo2*8760+dPk2/n2.*(S Sba2).A2*to;
C2=dA2.*cd;
Y2=gth.*Sth.*cof*tf;
Z2=p*Vba2+C2+Y2;
Z2t=Z2.*bet.At;
dA3=n3*dPo3*8760+dPk3/n3.*(SSba3).A2*to;
C3=dA3.*c;
Y3=gth.*Sth.*coi*tf;
Z3=p*V ba3+C3+Y3;
Z3t=Z3.*bet.At;
Z tl= su m (Z lt);
Zt2=sum(Z2t);
Zt3=sum(Z3t);
Z t= [Z tl Zt2 Zt3];
dispt'Ket qua la:')
disp('Ztl Zt2 Zt3')
fprintf('%g'), disp([Ztl,Zt2,Z t3])
Ztu=min(Zt)
Ket qua hin th trn mn hnh:
K et qua la:
Z tl Zt2 Zt3
299.74 391.88 391.46
Ztu =
299.74
Kt qu tinh ton cho thy phng n dng hai my 2x250 kVA c tng chi
ph quy dn thp nht. chnh l phng n la chn ti u i vi trm bin p.
b) Cch th hai: p dng chng trnh chonm ba c ci sn trc trona

pow er system toolbox. p dna lnh trong power system toolbox, trc ht bn
cn thit lp cc ma trn d liu:
cd=0.001; gth=0.005; p=0.2; cofi=0.85; ii=0.1; tf=24;
m l 2=0.72 ; P0=378 ; a=0.065 ; Tm=4250 ;
Sbal=250; dPol=0.64; dPkl=4.1; n l= 2 ; V b al= 166;
Sba2=500; dPo2=1.00; dPk2=7.0; n 2 = l; Vba2= 123;
Sba3=630; dPo3=1.20; dPk3=8.2; n 3 = l; Vba3= 133;
BA=[Sbal d P o l, d P k l, n l, V bal;
Sba2, dPo2, dPk2, n2, Vba2;
Sba3, dPo3, dPk3, n3, Vba3];
dulieucba=[cd, gtli, p, cofi, ii, tf];
phutai=[m l2, P0, a. Tm];
[Z tl,Z t2,Z t3| = chonm ba(BA,dulieucba,phutai);
Ket qua tnh ton cua hai phng php cho thy khng c s sai khc ng
ke no. Neu khng xt n tin cy, tc l coi thit hi do mt in bang zero, th
kt qua tnh ton cua cc phng n s l:
Z tl Zt2 Zl3
2W .7 4 233.71 233.28
Zu =
233.28
C ngha l phng n la chn y khng phi l hai my 250, m l mt

my 630 kVA.
15.4. Tnh ton ni t

Qu trnh tnh ton ni t theo Ryt i vi khu vc c t ng nht c
thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Xc nh in tr yu cu cua h thng ni t
(1 5.1 5)
247
Trong :
Id - dng in ngn mch chy trong t, A;
L- in p tnh ton c gi tr UL < u cp ;
UCp- gi tr in p tip xc cho php,
Xc nh in tr ni t nhn to:
R .R
(15.16)
R .- R *
Rn.ao- in tr ca h thng ni t nhn to;
R,- in tr ca h thng ni t t nhin.
Chn in cc tip a v xc nh in tr ca chng, gi tr in tr ca

cc tip a thng ng c xc nh theo biu thc:
p 2 /1 4/ + 7h
R, : (In + - l n ----- ) (15.17)
2 T./ d 2 / + 7h
Trng hp t khng ng nht (hai lp t):
. /
IrA (15.18)
h | (I + h ) .l d
2.7T.
p, p2
Xc nh s lng in cc cn thit khi cha tnh n thanh ni naang:
R,.
(15.19)
R
Xc nh in tr ca h thng ni t nhn to c tinh n in tr cua cc

thanh ni Rgang R nga:
r> I _ R' nga R 11 tao

(15.20)
R' D
nga *'11 tao
Xc nh s lng in cc chnh thc:
(15.21)
n dc'R 'ul,
248
Tide- h s s dng ca cc in cc.
Kim tra iu kin n nh nhit ca h thng ni t:
F = [ d, c , m n i ! (15.22)
tk- thi gian tn ti ca dng ngn mch ld chy trong t, s;
c - h s ph thuc vo vt liu lm thanh ni (vi thanh thp c = 74).
Vi d 15.8: Hy tnh ton ni t cho trm bin p 22/0,4 k v cng sut 400
kVA t trn mt khu t c din tch 6x5m , khng c in tr ca h thng tip
a t nhin, in tr' sut ca t l p=120 Q.m; Cng dng in ngn mch
mt pha chy qua h thng tip a l I(l)k=540A, thi gian tn ti ca dng ngn
m ch l t = 0 ,5 g i y .
G ii:
Trc ht ta chn kch thc in cc tip a loi trn ng knh d =

0,05m, di /c= 2m. chn su h = 0,5m (tnh t u cc n mt t).
% Tinh toan noi dat bai vd 8.1
clear al!
R y c= 4 ; d=0.05 ; lc=2 ; h=0.5 ; ro=120 ; Ik=540 ; tk=0.5 ; A = 6 ; B=5 ;

b=40 ; c=10 ; C p = l; D f = l.l; Sf=0.6; Ct=74;
Ln=2*(A+B);
R dc=ro*(log(2*lc/d)+l/2*log((4*lc+7*h)/(lc+7*h)))/(2*pi*lc); % Dien tro

cuc tiep dia
nl= R dc/R yc % So luong so bo cuc tiep dia
n2=input('Chon gia tri n2 = '); % Chon so luong dien cuc
ndc=n2;
la=Ln/ndc
Rng=ro/(pi*Ln)*log(l ,5*Ln/sqrt(b*h)); % Dien tro thanh noi
n u y c = in p u t('H e so su d u n g nu y c = '); % H e so ksd dien cuc
249
nuyng=input('He so su dung nuyng = '); % He so ksd thanh noi
Rdcsum =Rdc/(nuyc*n2); % Tong tro cuc tiep dia CO xet den he so su dung
Rngl=R ng/nuyng; % Dien tro thanh noi CO xet den he so su dung
R dsum = R ngl*R dcsum /(R ngl+R dcsum ); % Tong tro cua he thong tiep dia
Id=Cp*Df*Sf*Ik; % Thanh phan dong dien di qua he thong tiep dia
Fmin=Id*sqrt(tk)/Ct; % Kiem tra on dinh nhiet
F tn = b * c; % D ien tic h m at c a t th a n h noi
dispC n Rd.Ohm Fmin, mm2 F. mm2');
fprintf(%g'), disp([n2,Rdsum ,Fm in,Ftn]);
Trong qu trnh chy, u tin chng trnh tnh ton v thng bo s

l n g c c ti p a n , v y u c u c h n s l n g th c :
nl =
11.3418
Chon gia tri n2 =
Vi gi tr n ,= l 1,3418, xt n h s s dng in cc lun nh hn 1. ta

chn n2= 14 v g vo v tr ch. Khi my thng bo t l la gia khong cch a
v chiu di ca cc in cc la=a/lc v tip tc hi v h s s dna in cc
thng ng v thanh ni ngang.
la =
1.57
H e so su dung nuyc = 0.56
H e so su dung nuyng = 0.32
Cn c vo s lng in cc chn (n; ) v t l khons cch 2 a cc

in cc (la) ta tra bng xc nh rjjc=0.56 v J)ng=0,32 ri g vo cc v tr ch
tng ng. ta s nhn c kt qu cui cng hin th Iili sau:
n Rd.Ohm Fmin, mm2 F, m m 2

15.00 3.77 S.41 400.00
C ngha l tng s in cc cn chn l 14, in tr ca h thng ni t l
3,77 0 < Ryc=4 0 . Tit din ti thiu theo iu kin n nh nhit l 3,41 m rrr nh
hn nhiu so vi tit din thc t ca thanh ni ngang l 400 m rrr. N h vy h
thong ni t thit k t yu cu.
V d 15.9: Hy tnh ton ni t cho trm bin p 110/22kV, t trn mt

khu t c din tch AxB=80x95 m, in tr ca h thng tip a t nhin l R,=
48 n , in tr sut ca t l p= 90 Q.m , o trong iu kin m trung binh
(kcp^l.5 v kga=2); Cng dng in ngn mch mt pha chy qua h thng
tip a l I(l>k = 2,46 kA, thi gian tn ti ca dng ngn mch l t = 0,5 giy.
G ii: Theo d kin ca bi ton, gi tr dng in ngan mch mt pha ln hn

500 A, nn gi tr in tr ca h thng ni t k c php ln hn Ryc=0,5 0 . Ta
gi thit mt bng ca h thng ni t l mt liinh vung c kch thc: Fd= AxB.
Ta c mt h thng ni t n gin nh sau: cc in cc ni t ngang bang thp,
ng knh 6 mm, to thnh mt mng mt li vi khong cch mi l D = 8 m
chn su h = 0,8m, cc in cc thang ng di 14,5 m s c chn dc theo chu vi
trm bin p v cc v tri khc trong lng din tch trm. Chng trnh MATLAB c
son thao nh sau:
6

00
Hnh 15.4. S li ni t v d 15.9.
251
clear
Ryc=0.5 ; d=0.06 ; lc=15.5 ;
h=0.8 ; ro=90 ; Ik=2460 ; tk=0.5 ;
A=80 ; B=80 ; b=40 ; c=10 ; C p= l;
D f = l.l; Sf=0.6; Ct=74; kc=1.5; kng=2;
Rtn=48; nng=l 1; D=8;
Llu=2*nng*A; Fnd=A*B;
Rlu=ro*kng*( 1/Llu+1 /sqrt(20*Fnd)*( 1+ l/( 1+ h*sqrt(20/F nd))));
Rtnlu=Rtn*Rlu/(Rtn+Rlu);
Rnt=Rtnlu*Ryc/(Rtnlu-Ryc);
R dc=ro*(log(2*lc/d)+l/2*log((4*lc+7*h)/(lc+7*h)))/(2*pi*lc);
nl= R dc/R nt
n2=input(Chon gia tri n2 = ') ; % Chon so luong dien cuc
ndc=n2 ; la=2*D;
ka=la/lc
nuyc=input('He so su dung nuyc = '); % He so su dung dien cuc
Rdcsum =Rdc/(nuyc*n2);
Rdsum =Rtnlu*Rdcsum /(Rtnlu+Rdcsum )
Id= C p*D PSf*Ik; % Thanh phan dong dien di qua he thong tiep dia
Fm in=Id*sqrt(tk)/Ct; % Kiem tra on dinh nhiet
Ftn=b*c; % Dien tich mat cat thanh noi
dispC n Rd,O hm Fmin, mm2 F, mm2'):
fprintf('%g'), disp([n2,Rdsum ,Fm in,Ftn]);
252
Kt qu nhn c l:
n Rd.Ohm Fmin, mm2 F, mm2
22.00 0.50 115.51 400.00
15.5. Tnh ton b cng sut phn khng

Hm mc tiu bao gm 3 thnh phn:
p 2 + O o 2
z = p v bQ + A P Q btc a + -------- ^ -V-h- - R t c a 10 3 - m in ; (15.23)
Trong
p - h s tiu chun s dng hiu qu v khu hao thit b b;
vb - sut vn u t ca thit b b, /kVAr;
APb - sut tn tht cng sut tc dng trong thit b b, kW /kVAr;
t - thi gian vn hnh thit b b trong nm, h/nm;
X- thi gian tn tht cc i, h/nm;
c ,r gi thnh tn tht in nng, /kw h;
R - in tr tnh t ngun n im t thit b b, Q;
Cng sut thit b b ti u xc nh theo biu thc :
2 R t .c a
253
Trong trng hp bit tng cng sut b Q bu, thi vic phn b ti u cng
sut ny gia cc im ti c xc nh theo biu thc:
Qbi = Q , ( Q - Q b ) - ^ L (15.25)
Vi d 15.10: Hy x c nh dung lng b ti u c h o m ng in h p

0,38kV vi s nh hnh 15.6, bit: sut vn u t ca t b l
V(,=120.103/kVAr; sut tn tht trong t b AP, = 0,004 kW /kVAr; gi thnh tn
tht c=750 /kW h. Ph ti phn khng trong m ng in Q i= 76,33; Q=34,2
kVAr. Dy dn trn on 01 l loi A70 v trn on 1-2 l A.35 chiu di cc
on dy tng ng l| = 0,320km ; 1, = 0,28 km; t l chi ph khu hao v thu hi
vn p = 0 ,12; thi gian vn hnh trong nm t = 8760 h; thi gian hao tn cc i
t= 2840 h.
0 1 2
clear
DdU04;
u=0.38;
% u cd vb dPb to p;
dl=[0.38 0.75 120 0.004 2840 0.2];
L=[0.32 0.28];
ZO=[A70 A35];
Q=[76.33 34.2];
R=L.*real(zo);
A l= dl(6)*dl(3)+dl(4)*8760*dl(2);
254
A2=2*dl(2)*dl(5)*R( 1)* 10A-3/dl( 1)A2;
A3=2*dl(2)*dl(5)* 10A-3/dl( 1)A2;
B=[A2 A2;
A2 A2+A3*R(2)];
c=[A 2*sum (Q )-A l; A2*sum (Q )+A 3*R(2)*Q (2)-A l];
Qb=B\c
K.t qu hin th trn mn hnh l:
Qh =
64.7517
34.2000
V i d 15.11. M ng in h p 0,38 kV hinh 15.7, cung cp cho cc phn

xng vi ph tai tng ng Si, in tr ca cc on dy t t phn phi A n
cc phn xng R, cho trong bng di. Hy phn phi cng sut phn khng cho
cc phn xng, bit tng cng sut cn b l Qb = 125 kVAr, coi h s ng thi
bng I .
i m t i 1 2 3
s , kVA 8 7 ,3 6 3 ,6 4 8 ,5
COScp 0 ,7 6 0 ,7 4 0 ,7 3
L, km 0 .2 6 0 ,3 7 0 ,3 2
Dy dn A95 A70 A50
255
G ii: Chng trnh MATLAB c son tho nh sau
clear
DdU04;
u = 0 .3 8 ; Qb=125 ;
dlb=[56.87 68 43.58 ; % Cong suat s
0.76 0.74 0.73 ; % cos
0.26 0.37 0.32 ; % chieu dai
A95 A70 A50] ; % Day dan
sinfi=sqrt(l-dlb(2,:).A2 ) ;
Q=dlb(2,:).*sinfi ;
R =dlb(3, *real(dlb(4,:));
g= l./R ;
R td=l/sum (g);
Q bi=Q -(sum (Q)-Qb).*Rtd./R
Ket qu l:
Qbi =
64.7195 2.8746 27.4059
N h vy tng ng ta nhn c Qb|=64,7195; Qb:=32,8746 v Qt,3=27.4059

kVAr. Ta c th kim tra kt qu bng cch g lnh:
sum(Qbi)
Ket qu nhn c l:
ans =
125.00
V y l ta c th yn tm vi tin cy ca bi ton ri.
256
15.6. Phn tch kinh t ti chnh
15.6.1. Dng tin ca d n

a) Trng hp khng vay vn
* Dng tin trc thu T 1:
T| = B - C; (15.26)
c - t n g chi ph;
B - doanh thu.
Doanh thu l s tin thu c do bn in:
B = A.g; (1 5 .2 7 )
Trong
A - sn lng in nng, kW h ; A = P m-Tm;
gb - gi bn in, ng/kw h;
PM- cng sut tnh ton ca mng in, kW;
T m - th i gian s d n g c n g su t cc i, h/nm .
Li tc chu thu
L = T ,- C u ,; (15.28)
Thu li tc Tt xc nh theo thu sut s:
T = L . s ; (15.29)
* Dng tin sau thu T2.
T 2 = T ,-T ; (15.30)
b) Trvg hp c vay von
Li t c chu th u s l L, = T | - Cki, - v i; (15.31)
Dng tin sau thu: Tj = T | - T|, - V v+i; (15.32)
Trong Vv+L = Tr vn + tr li
257
17.MATLAB. . /2-A
15.6.2. Cc ch tiu c bn ca d n
a. Gi tr thun li sut:
NPV = ( B , - C , ) 3 ' = L,|3'; (15.33)

t= 0 t= 0
Trong :
p - h s quy i, xc nh theo biu thc: p = l/(l+ i);
i - h s chit khu.
b. T s gia doanh thu v chi p h
B ,J *
R = =.
1=0______ .
--------; (15.34)
c
c ,3 '
t=0
c. H s hon vn ni li
H s hon vn ni ti k hiu l IRR (Internal Rate o f Return) c xc

nh t phng trnh:
N P V = J ] ( B t - C . X l + IR R )"1 = 0 ; (15.35)
t= 0
Phng trnh ny c th gii theo phng php gn ng theo biu thc:

N PV
IR R = i , + ( i , - i , ) ---------------------7; (15.36)
2 1 NPV, + |N P V ,|
|, i2- cc gi tr chit khu gn nhau nht m gi tr NPV bat u i

du.
NPV, , N PV - cc gi tr tng li sut ng vi i| v .
d. Thi gian hon von T l thi gian m tng doanh thu bng tng chi ph
NPV = ^ ] ( B , - c , ) 3 ' = 0 ; (15.37)

t=0
Phng trnh trn c th gii gn ng theo biu thc:
258
-N P V
---------!!------ ; (15.38)
" N PV , + N P V 2
t - s nm trn ngay trc khi t c gi tr NPV=0;
N P V |, N PV2 - cc gi tr ng vi thi gian t v nm sau .
e phn tch kinh t - ti chnh d n in ta c th p dng chng trinh

MATLAB p tk ttc(d lk , C vh). Chng trnh ny i hi m ng d kin u vo dlk
v Cvh, m c th hin nh sau:
dlk-[P T m, a, AA, V, V(C, ls , cn Cb, St, ko&m> i,]
C v h = [V lc, C ,hJ;
Trong :
p m- Cng sut tnh ton nm hin ti, kW;
T M- Thi gian s dng cng sut cc di;
a - Sut tng trung bnh ph ti hng nm;
AA - T l tn tht in nng trong nm;
V - Vn u t ca h thng cung cp in, triu VN;
v lc - V n t c;
ls - T l li sut vay ngn hng;
cm, Cb - Gi m ua v gi bn in tnh trn mt n v kWh;
s, - Thu sut kinh doanh in nng;
k(M - H s sa cha nh thit b mng in;
N - Chu k tnh ton thit k (nm tnh ton);
1 - H s chit khu.
Cvhi - Chi ph vn hnh nm th i.
Chng trnh s cho kt qu tnh ton cc chi tiu kinh t ti chnh c bn

nh: thun li nhun quy v hin ti (NPV), doanh thu v chi ph quy v hin tai
(B, C), ng thi chng trnh cho th ca NPV theo thi gian v t c th
xc nh thi gian thu hi vn u t (T).
259
V d 15.12. D n u t vi s vn l 785 ngn $, ong 50% l vn vay
vi li sut n vi ls = 10%, vn c tr u trong 10 nm. D oanh thu hng nm
l 310 ngn s, chi phi vn hnh hng nm l 98 ngn $, khu hao tuyn tnh trong
thi hn 10 nm, thu sut li tc l 30%. Hy xc nh cc chi tiu nh gi d n.
G ii: Trc ht ta xy dng chng trnh M ATLAB
clear
v=785; ls=0.1; st=0.3; ii=0.1; N=10;

t=0:N;
Bt=[0 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310];
Cvh = [ V/2 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98];
Vv=V*0.5;
V tv=V v/(length(t)-1);
Vtl=(Vv-Vtv).*ls; % Tra von hang nm
C k h = v /(len g th (t)-l); % Chi phi khau hao
To=Bt-Cvh;
Llt=To-Ckh-V tl;
if Lit > 0
Cth=Llt.*st;
else
Cth=0;
end
Ct=Cvh+Vtv+Vtl+Cth;
T2=Bt-Ct;
b e t= l./(l+ ii).At;
Lh=T2.*bet;
B = B t.* b et;
260
C=Ct.*bet;
Bh=sum(B);
Ch=sum(C);
NPVt=cumsum(Lh);
NPV=sum(Lh);
R=sum(B)/sum(C);
IRR = irr(Lh)*100;
plot(t.NPVt), grid
xlabel('t, nm'), ylabel('NPV, 10A6VND')
title('Bieu do thuan loi nhuan quy ve hien tai')
dispC NPV Bh Ch R IRR');
fprintf('%g'), disp([NPV,Bh,Ch,R, IRR]);
Sau khi cc lnh trn c g vo my v an enter ta s nhn c kt qu l:
NPV Bh Ch R IRR
377.34 1904.82 1527.47 1.25 15,14

Bieu do thuan loi nhuan quy ve hien tai
261
Cc kt qu tnh ton cho thy d n c tng li nhun quy v hin ti l
377,34 ngn $, tng doanh thu quy v hin ti l B=1904,82 ngn $, tng chi ph
quy v hin ti c = 1527,47 ngn $, t l R=B/C l 1,25 v thi gian thu hi vn
u t T=4,2 nm. Nh vy l d n c hiu qu kinh t tt.
Vi d 15.13: Xc nh cc chi tiu kinh t ti chnh ca d n xy dng

mng in vi s liu ban u nh sau: Cng sut tinh ton PM=468.83kW ; thi
gian s dng cng sut cc i T M=4320 h/nm; M hinh d bo ph ti
P=Po(l+a(t-to)), vi sut gia tng ph ti trung bnh hng nm l 5% (a=0,05); T
l tn tht AA=8,2%; Tng s vn ca d n V r=2650.106VN, trong vn t
c l V,c=1650.106, cn li l vay ngn hng vi li sut ls=8% /nm , vn vay c
tr u trong 10 nm; T l khu hao tnh theo phng thc gim dn; Thu sut
s=25%; H s chit khu i=10%; Gi mua in u vo ! cm=580 /kWh, gi
bn in trung bnh Cb=820 /kW h; Chi ph vn hng hng nm c vh=125.106 . H
s ko&M= 2 % T h i g ia n tn h to n c n g tr in h N = 10 n m .
G ii: Trc ht cn xc nh lng in nng bn Ab v in nng mua Am

tng ng vi nm th t:
Ab= Pm-Tm;
A m = A b( l + A A ) ;
Cng sut tinh ton pn, c xc nh trn c s hm d bo:
Pm= PM(l+ a.t);
Doanh thu nm th t: B=Ab.cb;
Chi phi mua in nm th t: c m= A,.cm;
Chi ph sa cha nh: Csc = ko&M.V;
Vn vay: v = V-VK;
Tr vn hng nm: V,v = V v/N;
Tr li hng nm: V||= V v.ls;
Chi ph khu hao hng nm tnh theo phng thc gim dn:
262
C k = ( V - V c]) ^ - ^ ;
*
t= l
Tong chi phi hng nm khng k khu hao: C| = C,+Cvh+Csc;
Dng tin trc thu: T, = B - c ,;
Li tc chu thu: L,|,= T |- Ckh- v tl;
Thu li tc: Cu = L,h.st; (nu L,h < 0, th Cth=0);
Tng chi ph hng nm: c ,= C]+ V,v+V,i+Cth;
Dng tin sau thu: T i = B - C t ;
Gi tr li nhun quy v hin ti: Lhi = T 2./3' vi 0 = l/(l+ i);
Tng li nhun thun quy v hin ti: NPV = EL|;
Tng doanh thu quv v hin ti: Bht = B./5';
Tng chi ph quy v hin ti: Bin C t./3';
T l doanh thu/chi ph quy v hin ti: R=Bh,/Chi;
H s hon V011 ni ti IRR xc nh t phng trinh (15.35);
Thi gian thu hi vn u t xc nh t phng trinh NPV=0 (15.37) theo

phng php th.
Trn CO' s th u t gii c a b ton ph n tch k in h t-ti chnh ch n g trnh

MATLAB c son tho c tn l plkllc, gii bi ton ny, trc can khai bo
cc d liu cn thit, sau gi hm tnh ton, c php nh sau:
clear
P m = 468.83: T m =4320; a= 0 .0 5 ; d A = 0 .0 8 2 ; v=2650; st= 0.25; 11=0.1;

cm=0.00058; cb=0.00082; kom=0.02; Cvh=125; N=10; Vtc=1650; ls=0.08;
dlk=[Pm, Tm. a, dA, V, Vtc, Is , cm, cb, St, kom, N, ii];
Cvh=[Vtc, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh];
[NPV.R.IRR] = ptkttc(dlk, Cvh);
263
Sau khi cc lnh trn c g vo m y v n enter, kt qu hin th n mn
hnh nhn c nh sau:
NPV, O^VND R IRR
7291.37 1.18 30,14
Bieu do thuan loi nhuan qu ve hien tai
Cn c vo biu bin thin ca N PV, ta c th d dng xc nh c thi

gian thu hi vn u t T= 4,05 nm. N h vy c th thy d n mang li hiu qu
kmh t cao.
V d 15.14: Cng vi s liu nh v d 15.13, hy xc nh cc chi tiu kinh

t ti chnh v cho nhn xt trong cc trng hp:
a) Ton b vn u t l vn t c;
b) Ton b vn u t l vn vay.
G ii: p dng chng trnh ptkttc trong M ATLAB tng t nh \ i d 15.13

nhng thay i d liu cho cc trTig hp a) Vtc=2650 v trng hp b) Vtc=0.
264
% a) Ton b vn t c
clear
P m = 4 6 8 .8 3 ; Tm =4320; a= 0.05; d A = 0.082; v=2650; st= 0.25; ii= 0.1;

cm=0.00058; cb=0.00082; kom=0.02; Cvh=125; N=10; Vtc=V; ls=0.08;
dlk=[Pm, Tm, a, dA, V, Vtc, Is , cm, cb, St, kom, N, ii];
Cvh=[Vtc, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh];

% b) Ton b vn vay
clear
Pm = 4 6 8 .8 3 ; T m =4320; a= 0 .0 5 ; dA = 0 .0 8 2 ; v=2650; st= 0.25; ii= 0.1;

cm=0.00058; cb=0.00082; kom=0.02; Cvh=125; N=10; Vtc=0; ls=0.08;
dlk=[Pm, Tm, a, dA, V, Vtc, Is , cm, cb, St, kom, N, ii];
Cvh=[Vtc. Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh, Cvh];
Ta nhn c cc kt qu tng ng nh sau:
N P V 10^6, VND R IRR % T.nam
a) 7520.23 1.18 25.58 4.25
b) 6913.74 1.17 49.74 3,25
Phn tch cc kt qu tinh ton ta thy trong trng hp ton b vn u t i

t c th li nhun thu c s cao hn, t l B/C cng cao hn, nhng thi gian
hon vn di hn mt nm so vi phng n vay vn ton b.
15.7. Bi tp
Bi tp 15.1 Hy chn tit din dy dn cho 'ng dy trung p 10 k v di
7,6 km, bit hao tn in p cho php l AUcp = 2,25%; cng sut truyn ti
S=420+j242 kVA, d kin dng dy thp nhm (y=31,5 m /Q .m m 2).
265
B i tp 15.2 Hy chn tit din dv dn cho m ng in h p U=0.38kV
(hnh 15.8), theo phng php chi ph kim loi mu cc tiu, bit hao tn in p
cho php AUCp=7,5% -Cc ph ti v chiu di ng dy cho trong bng sau :
on ab bc bd
1, km 0 ,3 3 0 ,2 2 0 ,3 0
i m ti B c D
s, kV A 3 5 + j2 1 3 2 + j1 8 3 7 + j2 2
D nh chn dy nhm vi y = 32 m .m rrr/ .
B i tp 15.3: Hy xc nh chi ph quy dn ca ng dy 10 k v c chiu

di 1=8.5 km lm bng dy A C.95, Cc tham s kinh t ca ng dy
aio=158,01.106V ND /km v b,o=0,89.106V N D /km .m m : ; h s khu hao ng dy
kkhd=4% ; Cng sut truyn ti trn ng dy l s=650 kVA; Thi gian s dng
cng sut cc i T M=4760h, gi thnh tn tht CA= 1 0 0 0 /k\Vh. Tui th cng
trnh Th=25 nm, h s chit khu i= 0,l.
B i tp 15.4: Hy xc n h chi ph quy dn ca trm bin p 10 0,4 kV c

cng su t nh mc s=400 kVA, cng sut ca ph ti l S=332kVA; thi gian s
dng cng sut cc i TM=4760h, gi thnh tn tht c^=1000 /kW h; Tui th
trm bin p Th=25 nm, h s chit khu i= 0.1. Cc tham s kinh t:
m =19,04.106VND, r^O .lS .lO 'V N D /kV A , h s khu hao my bin p kkhb=6.5%.
B i tp 15.5: Hy so snh cc phng n chn cp in p phn phi

cung cp in cho mt im ti cng sut s =577,2+j236 kVA; Chiu di t trm
bin p trung gian n trung tm ti l 14,7 km: Hao tn in p cho php
AUCp=3,0%. Thi gian s dng cng sut cc i T M= 4 7 6 0 h, gi th n h tn tht
in nng 0,5=1000 /kWh. Tui th ca mng in coi bng T|,=25 nm, h s
chit khu i= 0 ,1. Cc tham s kinh t ca my bin p v ng dy c cho
trong bng sau:
u, kV m, 106 n, 106/kVA a, 106/km b, 106/km .m m 2

10 19,04 0,18 158,01 0,89
22 24,18 0,18 194,6 1,11
35 34,34 0,20 228,19 1,28
Bi tp 15.6. Xc nh v tri ti u ca trm bin p, bit ta v cng sut (kVA)

ca cc im ti nh sau:
X 5 33 170 138 8 220 100 60 210 167 110 160
Y 40 73 224 134 176 42 220 137 127 117 78 17
s 35,2 45,4 30,2 53 61 39 45,4 43 36,3 34,8 30,2 47,5
B i tp 15.7: Mt x nghip sn xut c cng sut tnh ton nm hin ti l

S(i=655kVA, sut tng ph ti trung binh hng nm l a=5%, hm d bo dng
tuyn tnh theo thi gian: S,=So(l+a.(t-to); h s cng sut coi l khng i v
bng COS<P=0,83 trong ph ti loi I v II chim 72% (m 1+2 = 0,75), thi gian s
dng cng sut cc i T M = 5750 h. h s chit khu i = 0,1; gi thnh tn tht
in nng c4 =1000 /kW h; sut thit hi do mt in gih=5000 ng/kw h, chu k
tnh ton T=7 nm. Hy chn s lng v cng sut my bin p ca trm bin p
22/0,4 k v cung cp cho x nghip.
B i tp 15.8: Hy tnh ton ni t cho trm bin p 22/0,4 kV cng sut

2x250 kVA t trn mt khu t c din tch 6,5x5m, khng c in tr ca h
thng tip a t nhin, in tr sut ca t l p=150 Q.m; Cng dng in
ngn mch mt pha chy qua h thng tip a l I(l)k=357A, thi gian tn ti ca
dng ngn mch l t = 0.5 giy. Chn cc tip a ng knh 6 cm, di 2,5 m
B i tp 5.9: Hy tinh ton ni t cho trm bin p 110/22kV, t trn mt

khu t c din tch A xB=70x80 m, in tr ca h thng tip a t nhin l R,=
82 Q, in tr sut ca t l po= 110 Q.m, o trong iu kin m trung bnh
267
(^ = 1 ,5 v kngs=2); Cng dng in ngn mch mt pha chy qua h thng
tip a l 1*'^= 1,78 kA, thi gian tn ti ca dng ngn mch l t = 0,5 giy.
B i tp 15.10: Hy xc nh dung lng b ti u cho m ng in h p

0,38kV vi s nh hnh 15.9, bit: sut vn u t ca t b !
v b=120.103/kVAr; sut tn tht trong t b APb=0,004 kW /kVAr; gi thnh tn
tht C i= 1 0 0 0 /kWh. Ph ti phn khng trong m ne in Q ,= 83.5; Q2=62,7
kVAr. Dy dn trn on 01 l loi A120 v trn on 1-2 l A .50 chiu di cc
on dy tng ng I, = 0,410km ; 12 = 0,33 km; t l chi phi khu hao v thu hi
vn p=0,12; thi gian vn hnh trong nm t = 8760 h; thi gian hao tn cc i
1=3580 h.
0 1 2
B i tp 15.11. M ng in h p 0,38 kV iiinh 15.10 , cung cp cho cc phn

xng vi ph ti tng ng Si, in tr ca cc on dy t t phn phi A n
cc phn xng Ri cho trong bng di. Hy phn phi cng sut phn khng cho
cc phn xng, bit tng cng sut cn b l Qb=155 kVAr, coi h s ng thi
bng 1.
Qb r2 p 2+jQ2
o
Qb2
268
im ti 1 2 3
s , kVA 102 79 73
COScp 0,75 0,72 0,73
L, km 0,22 0,29 0,38
Dy dn A120 A70 A70
Bi tp IS .12: D n u t vi s vn l 835 ngn $, trong 40% l vn

vay vi li sut on vi ls = 10%, vn c tr u trong 10 nm. Doanh thu hng
nm l 280 ngn $, chi ph vn hnh hng nm l 85 ngn $, khu hao tuyn tnh
trong thi hn 10 nm, thu sut li tc l 25%. Hy xc nh cc chi tiu nh gi
d n.
Bi tp 15.13: Xc nh cc chi tiu kinh t ti chnh ca d n xy ng

mng in vi s liu ban u nh sau: Cng sut tnh ton PM=468,83kW ; thi
gian s dng cng sut cc i T M=4750 h/nm; M hnh d bo ph ti
P=Po(l+a(t-to)), vi sut gia tng ph ti trung bnh hng nm l 5% (a=0,05); T
l tn tht AA=7.6%; Tng s vn ca d n Vy=2058.106VN, trong vn t
c l v k.= 1058.10", cn li l vay ngn hng vi li sut ls=8%/nm, vn vay c
tra u trong 10 nm; T l khu hao tnh theo phng thc gim dn; Thu sut
s=25%; H s chit khu i=]0% ; Gi mua in u vo l cm=580 /kW h, gi
bn in trung bnh cb=800 /k w h ; Chi ph vn hng hng nm Cvh=105.106 . H
s k()&M=2% Thi gian tnh ton cng trnh N = 10 nm.
Bi tp 15.14: Cng vi s liu nh bi tp 15.13, hy xc nh cc chi tiu

kinh t ti chnh v cho nhn xt trong cc trng hp:
Ton b vn u t l vn t c;
Ton b vn u t l vn vay.
M t s ch n g trnli c bn c sail tip dng trong ch ng 15:
clionF(dlcd) dng chon dy dn theo phng php hao tn in p;
tsoktedd v tsoktetba dng tra cc s liu kinh t ca ng dy v MBA
ch o n m b a dng chn s lng v cng sut my bin p;
p tk ttc dng phn tch kinh t - ti chnh d n in.

p s
p s ch on g 9
9.1.
II 12 13
2.5162 -3.3240 0.8078
9.2.
Ket qu l:
II 12 13
0.8059 - 1.1372i -6.0487+ : :.9005i 5.2428 - 1.7634;
9.3.
Ket qu l:
p = 1.182 le+003;
Q = 1.5130e+003
s = 1.1821 e+003 +1.5130e+003i
w t, d o w t, d o
C o n g s u a t ta c d u n g C ong s u a t phan khang
3 0 0 0 -------------------------------------- 7-----------
2000 V - ' 4 . ........... L .
^ ; \ ; ;\ :/
a 1000 ' -T........ \-...........
0 --------- i ------
0 1 00 200 300 4C
w t, d o w t, do
271
Dien ap va dong dien Cong suat toan phan
200 4000-
u
100
2C00
V> <
0 ~ X z .. >
D
K '
y ;........
0
-100
-200 -2000
0 100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400
wt, do wt, do
9.4.
U r UL U rl
3.96 4.95 5.60

Do thi dien ap
0 0.005 0 01 0 015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0 035 0.04
9.5.
I Ur Uc
5.62 87.61 153.54
272
9.6.
I,A p, w
0.68 13824.00
9.7.
II 12 13
-3.5085 + 7 .1206 -3.8753 + 6.9150 0.3669 + 0.20561
9.8.
Delta 1 PI P2 PL
-42.00 -8493.39 10289.64 1796.24
-37.00 -7739.74 9161.42 1422.69
-32.00 -6897.82 7986.49 1089.67
273
18 M ATLAB... /2-A
-27.00 -5977.03 6773.77 796.74
-22.00 -4983.38 5532.49 549.11
-17.00 -3924.43 4272.11 347.67
-12.00 -2809.25 3002.21 193.96
-7.00 -1643.33 1732.47 89.14
-2.00 -439.52 472.53 34.01
3.00 796.99 -769.00 29.99
9.00 2053.80 -1979.68 74.12
13.00 3322.36 -3153.30 169.05
19.00 4593.00 -4279.93 313.07
18 MAT! An n o
9.9.
II 12 13
0.62 0.40 0.22
9.10.
I, A s, VA U2. V Is Itg lab S1 S2 ds Ssum
14.95 9836.99 172.14 -0.14 15.08 9.38 1182.44 7079.25 2662.00 10923.69
9.11.
I, A goc, do
237.11 -5.36
237.11 114.64
237.11 -125.36
9.12.
a) Phuong phap DL Kierchofj
labcp, A
33.74 16.99
33.74 -103.01
33.74 136.99
(b) Phuong phap cac thanh phan doi xung:
labcp, A
33.74 16.99
33.74 -103.01
33.74 136.99
9.13.
a) Ma trn in tr ca ph ti Z0l2= A 'lZabA
275
Z012 =
3.60 -0.00 -0.00
-0.00 3.60 -0.00
0 0 3.60
(b) Cc thnh phn i xibg ca in p.
U012p =
20.30 32.10
141.87 0.06
54.14 29.13
(c) Cc thnh phn i xm g ca dng in.
1012p =
2.87 -27.35
37.69 17.05
14.38 45.12
(d) Dng in pha ca p h li.
Iabcp =
52.64 22.24
39.65 -119.96
23.73 153.80
(e) Cng sut ton phn cung cp cho p h ti d i dng cc thnh pln oi
xm g
S p h s c =
17662.61
(f) Cng sut ton phn cung cap cho p h ti di dng cng sui theo
tnig pha.
S3ph =
276
17662.61
a-b-c set Zero-sequence set
200 200
100 100
0 0
100 -100
200 '-200
-200 0 200 -200 0 200
Positive-sequence set Negative-sequence set

200 200
100 100
0 0
-100 -100
-200 -200
-200 0 200 -200 0 200
9.14.
Su bien thien cua dong dien qua do
t, sec
277
p s chng 10
10. 1.
a) Phng php so gia
Psh, kW Pdl p s, kVA Q,kVAr
81.50 48.65 114.83 134.34 610.72
b) Phng php h s nhu cu
Psh, kW Pdl p s, kVA Q,kVAr
81.50 48.65 117.13 137.03 71.12
10.2.
s , kVA p, k w Q, kV A r cofitb
208.95 157.37 137.46 0.75
10.3.
Phn xng 1:
s, kVA p, kW Q, kVAr cofitb
194.66 146.69 127.96 0.75
Phn xng 2:
s , kVA p, kW Q, kVAr cofitb
116.78 87.10 77.80 0.75
Phn xng 3:
s , kVA p, kW Q, kV A r cofitb
60.03 38.34 46.20 0.64
Phn xng 4:
s, k V A p, kW Q , kVAr c o fitb
118.68 84.95 82.87 0.72
278
Tng ph ti tnh ton
Stt, kVA Ptt, kW Qtt, kVAr cositong
375.87 270.93 260.53 0.72
10.4.
A. kWh Ptb. k w kdk Tm, h to, h
5716 238.2 0.7 17 13.1
Bieu do phu tai ngay
10.5.
p ,= l,8 8 6 9 r + 7 3 ,9 1 0 7 t+412,9107 MW
Nm 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
MW 1124.96 1230.95 1340.71 1454.24 1571.55 1692.64 1817.49 1946.12
10.6 .
p, = 174,8t: + 1223,3t +7523,3 MW
279
X 104
o Du lieu
Ham hoi quy bac nhat
Sai so.
: ^
. . A '
r \ \
y-:'
':
*
..... \ i i
' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
t, nam
Sai s: ert = 3.8097%.
p s chng 11
11. 1.
R ,Ohm X Ugh, k v B, sim G
12.7646 40.6627 99.4315 0.0009 0.0008
11.2 .
R, Ohm X
4.8454 5.2790
11.3.
GM D = 22.95465 m
GM RL = 2.49776 m GM RC = 2.56482 m
280
11.4.
L = 0.443625 mH/km c = 0.0253721 micro F/km
11.5.
Rb, a Xb Zb
0.0033 0.0096 0.0102
11.6 .
Rb, Q Xb Zb Gb Bb
1.2865 46.5342 46.5520 0.0000 0.0000
11.7.
Rt, a Xc Xt Xh G B
3.2163 275.0800 -11.5800 148.1200 0.0000 0.0006
11.8.
Rc, n Rt Rh Xc Xt Xh G B
2.6083 2.6083 3.9124 92.5750 61.7167 0 0.0000 0.0034
11.9.
dU,V dU,%
344.9441 3.4494
11.10.
dUabc,% dUabd,% dUm,%
4.2493 5.1611 5.1611
1 1 .1 1 .
dUa.V dub,v dUc,V dU,%
281
17.1090 11.9553 1.4534 7.7768
11.12.
dub,v dUt,%
4.1836
11.13.
dA,kW h dAt,%
390022.49 2.37
11.14.
Buoc dS12, MVA dS23, MVA dU12, k v dU23, kV
10 5.7352 +22.82621 0.8278 + 3.2945 18.6348 4.6242
11.15.
Pa, kw Pb Qa, kV A r Qb du,v
105.86 126.53 73.89 88.32 131.99
11.16.
S al, kV A Sb2 S12
2 2 1 3 .4 + 1327.31 2648.0 + 1939.5 -1 0 2 6 .6 + 1327.3!
11.17.
S alb,M V A Sa2d Sbc Scd
56.9617+36.39461 58.7483 +37.5051 12.0217 + 7.36631
du %
20.1083 +12.54611 5.0578
282
11.18.
Z' = 31.1883 + j 248.45 Q
Y' = 1,54487e-007 + j 0.000241115 sim
Zc = 1024.75 + j -64.7247 a
A= 0.97005 + j 0.0037792; B= 31.188 + j 248.45;
C=-3.0343e-007 + j 0.0002375; D= 0.97005 + j 0.0037792
11.19.
a) Z '= 14.3159 + j 120.181 a
Y' = 4.65515e-005 + j 0.00545453 sim
Zc = 162.489+ j -11.9877 Q
alpha 1 = 0.0564345 neper beta 1 = 0 .8 34566radian = 4 7 .8171m
0.67257 + j 0.04184 14.316 + j 120.18
A B C D = -7.518e-005 + j 0.0045625 0.67257 + J 0.04184
b) Cc tham s u vo khi bit ph ti cui ng dy
Vr = 500 kV (L-L) at Om
Pr = 453 MW r = 312 MVA
Ir = 635.141 A a t -34.55681U PFr = 0.823564 th dng
Vs = 441.13 kV (L-L) a tl5 .9 0 2 6 u i
Is =1149.71 A at 72.5285m PFs = 0.550104 chu dong
Ps = 483.235 MW Qs = -733.585 MVA
PL = 30.235 MW QL = -1045.585 MVA
Phan tram dieu chinh dien ap = 30.9245
Hieu suat truyen tai dd = 93.7433
283
11.20.
0 , c 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
, kG/mm2 16.77 16.03 15.29 14.56 13.85 13.15 12.47 11.80
f, m 1.22 1.28 1.34 1.40 1.48 1.55 1.64 1.73
11.21.
Bieu do duong cong xay lap
Nhiet do, oC
p s chng 12
12.1.
Xmp Xmba
0.1000 0.0420
0.0429 0.0262
Tham s irng dy:

Rdd(pu) Xdd Bdd
0.0643 0.3025 0.0186
0.0567 0.2325 0.0139
0.0915 0.3388 0.0207
0.0339 0.2035 0.0130
0.1058 0.3992 0.0244
12.2.
Power Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson Method
Maximum Power M ism atch = 4.75534e-007
Bus Voltage Angle ------ Load.Generation Injected
No . Mag. Degree MW Mvar MW Mvar Mvar
1 1.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 45.264 140.924 0.000
2 1.011 -1.011 84.000 36.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 0.882 5.238 86.000 35.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 0.976 22.760 57.000 20.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 0.916 2.216 68.000 24.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 1.010 26.803 0.000 0.000 270.000 72.927 0.000
Total 295.000 115.000 315.264 213.8511 0.000
12.3.
Maximum Power Mismatch = 4.2055e-009
Bus Voltage Angle ........ Load..................G eneration Injected

No. Mag. Degree MW M var MW M var Mvar
1 1.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 1211.596 57.109 0.000
2 0.983 -5.012 911.000 62.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 0.978 -7.132 35.000 14.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 0.988 -7.370 111.000 8.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 1.020 -3.201 24.000 11.000 48.000 15.586 0.000
Total 171.000 95.000 174.596 72.695 0.000
B=
0.0176 0.0020
0.0020 0.0146
BO =
0.0006 0.0012
BOO =
5.0416e-004
Total system loss = 3.5956 MW .
Line Power at bus & line flow Line loss T ransform er
from to MW M var MVA MW M var tap
1 1211.596 57.109 138.881
2 101.039 51.157 113.252 2.390 5.746
5 25.556 5.952 211.240 0.326 -2.654
2 -911.000 -62.000 114.280
1 -98.649 -45.411 108.599 2.390 5.746
3 17.617 -3.168 17.900 0.129 -4.160
5 -14.968 -13.422 20.104 0.184 -3.090
286
3 -35.000 -14.000 37.696
2 -17.488 -0.992 17.516 0.129 -4.160
4 0.798 -5.955 11.008 0.009 -3.818
5 -18.309 -7.053 19.621 0.312 -0.438
4 -111.000 -8.000 17.889
3 -0.789 2.137 2.278 0.009 -3.818
5 -15.211 -10.137 18.280 0.245 -13.891
5 24.000 4.586 24.434
1 -25.230 -8.606 211.657 0.326 -2.654
2 15.152 10.331 18.339 0.184 -3.090
3 18.621 11.615 19.761 0.312 -0.438
4 15.457 -3.754 15.906 0.245 - 13.891
Total loss 3.596 -22.305
12.4.
Maximum Power M ism atch = 1.20396e-008
Bus Voltage Angle ........ Load.Generation Injected
No. Mag. Degree MW Mvar MW Mvar M
1 1.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 29.123 19.624 0.000
2 1.029 -0.628 20.600 8.200 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 1.006 0.987 40.200 18.400 0.000 0.000 0.000
4 1.040 8.128 0.000 0.000 92.000 0.445 0.000
5 1.033 -0.273 25.400 10.200 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 1.022 -2.168 32.000 13.200 0.000 0.000 0.000
287
Total 118.200 50.000 121.123 20.069 0.000
B=
0.0211 -0.0023
-0.0023 0.0328
B0 =
0.0022 - 0.0002
BOO =
4.2074e-004
Total system loss = 2.92323 MW
L in e - Power at bus & line flow Line loss Transform er
from to MW M var M VA MW Mvar
1 29.123 19.624 35.118
2 7.391 7.553. 10.567 0.041 -4.052
5 3.790 5.753 6.889 0.025

4.191
6 17.942 6.319 19.022 0.179 -3.399
2 -20.600 -8.200 22.172
1 -7.350 -11.605 13.737 0.041 -4.052
3 -11.695 11.864 16.659 0.131 -4.524
5 -1.555 -8.459 8.601 0.002

- 15.936
3 -40.200 -18.400 44.211
2 11.826 -16.388 20.209 0.131 -4.524
4 -52.026 -2.012 52.065 1.337 2.497
4 92.000 0.445 92.001
3 53.363 4.509 53.553 1.337 2.497
288
5 38.637 -4.064 38.850 1.111 3.405
5 -25.400 -10.200 27.372
1 -3.766 -9.943 10.632 0.025 -4.191
2 1.557 -7.477 7.637 0.002 -15.936
4 -37.527 7.470 38.263 1.111 3.405
6 14.335 -0.250 14.337 0.098 -3.732
6 -32.000 -13.200 34.616
1 -17.763 -9.718 20.247 0.179 -3.399
5 -14.237 -3.482 14.657 0.098 -3.732
Total loss 2.923 -29.931
12.5.
I,A du,% dP,kW dA,kW h
76.02 1.09 8.27 21438.09
38.31 0.44 1.69 4394.06
15.51 0.37 0.57 1484.41
13.39 0.30 0.40 1026.81
37.71 0.71 2.68 6953.08
14.10 0.62 0.88 2278.46

22.80 0.45 1.03 2664.96
7.95 0.22 0.17 445.73
14.85 0.47 0.69 1797.11
dPt, kw dPt,% dAtong, kWh
16.39 1.47 42482.72
289
19.MATLAB. . /2-
p s chng 13
13.1.
Lamd P1 P2 P3 DP grad Del
6.5000 90.0000 50.0000 33.3333 321.6667 254.7619 1.2626
7.7626 216.2617 140.1869 138.5514 0.0000 254.7619 0.0000
Chiphi =
4.6659e+003
13.2.
13.3.
216.2617
140.1869
290
138.5514
13.4.
a)
lambda = 9.862195 $/MWh
234.7561
225.6775
214.5664
b)
lambda = 10.175000 $/MW h
200.0000
243.0556
231.9444
c)
lambda =12.100167 $/MW h
200.0000
250.0000
260.1897
291
13.5.
lambda = 8.066496 $/MW h
75.0000
90.6463
91.3708
13.6.
lambda = 6.865295 $/MW h
20.0000
45.8956
39.2617
Total generation cost = 1348.44 $/h.
p s chng 14
14.1.
Ket qu hin th trn mn hnh:
Cch th nht: Cch th hai:

Ngan mach ba pha tai nut No. 3 Ngan mach ba pha tai nut No. 3
Tong dong su co = 6.0522 pu Tong dong su co = 6.0152 pu
Dien ap nut trong qua trinh su co, pu Dien ap nut trong qua trinh su co, pu
Nut ------- Gia tri dien ap-------- Nut ------- Gia tri dien ap--------
No. Gia tri.pu goc pha No. Gia tri.pu goc pha
1 0.9708 -0.3348 1 0.9706 -0.3359
2 0.8484 -1.9924 2 0.8478 -2.0000
3 0.0000 0.0000 3 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.7919 -2.7053 4 0.7912 -2.7150
5 0.8277 -2.3348 5 0.8263 -2.3451
292
6 0.8706 -1.5274 6 0.8701 -1.5323
Dong dien tren duong day khi CO su CO tai Dong dien tren duong day khi CO su CO tai
nut No. 3 nut No. 3
Tu den Gia tri dong dien- Tu den Gia tri dong dien
nut nut Gia tri.pu goc pha nut nut Gia tri.pu goc pna
G 1 2.9803 -79.0285 1 2 2.9916 -79.0362
1 2 2.9803 -79.0285 2 3 2.7447 -79.6777
2 3 2.7432 -79.9921 2 4 0.1491 -60.0361
2 4 0.1389 -67.2572 2 5 0.1117 -64.2888
2 5 0.1031 -69.0810 3 F 6.0152 -79.4018
3 F 6.0522 -79.4497 4 3 3.3086 -78.8247
4 3 3.3091 -79.0000 5 4 0.1091 -60.6828
5 4 0.1031 -69.0810 6 4 3.0830 -79.8679
G 6 3.0720 -79.8583
6 4 3.0720 -79.8583
Ngan mach ba pha tai nut No. 4
Ngan mach ba pha tai nut No. 4 Tong dong su CO = 18.9486 pu
Tong dong su CO = 19.0344 pu Dien ap nut trong qua trinh su CO, pu
Dien ap nut trong qua trinh su CO, pu Nut ------ Gia tri dien ap-------
Nut ------- Gia tri dien ap --------- No. Gia tri.pu goc pha
No. Gia tri.pu g o c pha 1 0.9543 -0.5020
1 0.9546 -0.5013 2 0.7636 -3.2639
2 0.7649 -3.2545 3 0.3302 -4.1657
3 0.3337 -4.2157 4 0.0000 0.0000
4 0 .0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 5 0.4791 -5.3509
50.4823 -5.3478 6 0.3792 -0.0000
6 0.3792 -0.0000
Dong dien tren duong day khi CO su CO tai Dong dien tren duong day khi CO su CO tai
nut No. 4 nut No. 4
T il H pn T1 iul rUl C
p nI 1 ____ nv ji iad trIIIi H n n lny H
UUI io n ....
UICII
nut nut Gia tri.pu goc pha nut nut Gia tri.pu g o c pha
G 1 4.6204 -79.5867 1 2 4.6462 -79.6335
1 2 4.6204 -79.5867 2 3 1.4047 -80.0115
2 3 1.3946 -80.5104 2 4 1.8538 -77.8635
2 4 1.8522 -78.4107 2 5 1.3852 -79.8998
2 5 1.3743 -80.2344 3 4 1.3810 -80.2754
3 4 1.3946 -80.5104 4 6 14.4718 90.0000
4 6 14.4718 90.0000 4 F 18.9486 -87.4855
4 F 19.0344 -87.4854 5 4 1.3679 -79.8365
5 4 1.3743 -80 2344
G 6 14.4718 -90.0000
293
14.2.
Ngan mach mot pha-dat tai nut No. 3
Dong su co tong == 5.4762 pu
Dien ap1 nut trong qua trinh s u CO, p u
Nut ------- Gia tri dien ap..........
1 0.9606 1.0077 1.0054
2 0.8777 0.9887 0.9962
3 0.0000 1.0572 1.0445
4 0.7973 1.0110 1.0033
5 0.8385 1.0054 0.9999
6 0.9049 0.9861 0.9920
Dong dien tren duong day khi su co tai nut No. 3
Tu den ----- G ia tri dong dien
1 2 2.3918 0.3063 0.3063
2 3 2.1460 0.3387 0.3387
2 4 0.1325 0.0072 0.0072
2 5 0.1188 0.0256 0.0256
3 F 5.4762 0.0000 0.0000
4 3 3.3315 0.3387 0.3387
5 4 0.1188 0.0256 0.0256
6 4 3.0844 0.3063 0.3063
Ngan mach mot pha-dat tai nut No. 4
Dong su co tong = 18.8089 pu
294
D ie n a p n u t tro n g q u a tr in h s u CO, p u
Nut ------- Gia tri dien ap--------
No. Phase a Phase b Phase
1 0.9355 1.0115 1.0084
2 0.7962 0.9792 0.9921
3 0.2912 1.0333 1.0191
4 0.0000 1.0140 0.9980
5 0.4390 1.0315 1.0198
6 0.5164 0.9448 0.9388
Dong dien tren duong day khi su CO tai nut No. 4
1 2 3.9844 0.5830 0.5830
2 3 1.2169 0.1614 0.1614
2 4 1.5169 0.3146 0.3146
2 5 1.2508 0.1072 0.1072
3 4 1.2169 0.1614 0.1614
4 F 18.8089 0.0000 0.0000
5 4 1.2508 0.1072 0.1072
6 4 14.8653 0.5830 0.5830
b) Ngan mach pha - pha tai nut No. 3
Tong dong su CO = 5.2413 pu
Dien a p n u t tr o n g q u a tr in h s u CO, p u
Nut ..........Gia tri dien ap..........
295
1 1.0000 0.9807 0.9756
2 1.0000 0.9030 0.8742
3 1.0000 0.5000 0.5000
4 1.0000 0.8676 0.8295
5 1.0000 0.8905 0.8571
6 1.0000 0.9157 0.8935
D o n g d ie n tre n d u o n g d a y k h i CO s u CO ta i n u t N o . 3
1 2 0.0000 2.5810 2.5810
2 3 0.0000 2.3757 2.3757
2 4 0.0000 0.1203 0.1203
2 5 0.0000 0.0892 0.0892
3 F 0.0000 5.2413 5.2413
4 3 0.0000 2.8658 2.8658
5 4 0.0000 0.0892 0.0892
6 4 0.0000 2.6604 2.6604
Ngan m ach pha - pha tai nut No. 4
T o n g d o n g s u CO = 1 6 .4 8 4 3 p u
Dien ap nut trong qua trinh su CO, pu
Nut ..........Gia tri dien ap--------
1 1.0000 0.9699 0.9624
2 1.0000 0.8523 0.8070
3 1.0000 0.5956 0.5588
2 96
4 1.0000 0.5000 0.5000
5 1 .0 0 0 0 0.6807 0.6209
6 1.0000 0.5982 0.5982
3ng d ie n tre n d u o n g d a y k h i CO su CO t a i n u t
Tu den .......Gia tri dong dien
1 2 0.0000 4.0014 4.0014
2 3 0.0000 1.2077 1.2077
2 4 0.0000 1.6041 1.6041
2 5 0.0000 1.1902 1.1902
3 4 0.0000 1.2077 1.2077
4 F 0.0000 16.4843 16.4843
5 4 0.0000 1.1902 1.1902
6 4 0.0000 12.5329 12.5329
c) Ngan mach hai pha-dat tai nut No. 3
Nut ..........Gia tri dien ap-
No. Phase a Phase b Phase
1 1.0118 0.9657 0.9666
2 0.9860 0.8692 0.8550
3 1.0870 0.0000 0.0000
4 1.0130 0.7951 0.7937
5 1.0049 0.8340 0.8313
6 0.9797 0.8923 0.8811
297
20.M ATLAE... /2-A

Dong dien tren duong day khi CO su CO tai nut No. 3
1 2 0.2796 2.7137 2.7885
2 3 0.3092 2.4702 2.5598
2 4 0.0066 0.1333 0.1389
2 5 0.0234 0.1111 0.1108
3 F 0.0000 5.7720 5.8419
4 3 0.3092 3.3223 3.3165
5 4 0.0234 0.1111 0.1108
6 4 0.2796 3.0822 3.0732
Ngan mach hai pha-dat tai nut No. 4
Nut ------- G ia tri dien ap..........
1 1.0193 0.9442 0.9464
2 0.9709 0.7906 0.7712
3 1.0500 0.3106 0.3191
4 1.0119 0.0000 0.0000
5 1.0490 0.4576 0.4670
6 0.8717 0.4630 0.4613
Dong dien tren duong day khi CO su CO tai nut No.
Tu den ----Gia tri dong dien
298
20 MATLAE /2-B
l 2 0.5761 4.2728 4.4070
2 3 0.1595 1.2977 1.3332
2 4 0.3109 1.6767 1.7443
2 5 0.1060 1.3041 1.3308
3 4 0.1595 1.2977 1.3332
4 F 0.0000 18.7729 19.0730
5 4 0.1060 1.3041 1.3308
6 4 0.5761 14.6731 14.6672
14.3.
1012p =
0.2228 17.5763
0.2410 -13.9394
0.8717 52.9988
Thanh phan thu tu khong
1
0. 5
X
\ - 0. 5
-1
-1 0 1

1 1
0. 5 0. 5
0 0 /
A
-0. 5 - 0. 5
\
\
-1 -1
299
14.4.
Uabcp =
1.3254 -22.2632
1.2501 -81.7099
2.6288 -172.5853
a-b-c Thanh phan thu tu khong
2
1
0
* r - /
1 -1
-2
-2 0 2 -2 0 2
2 J
1 I
/
0
" Y\ -1
- \ '
-2
-2 -2
p s chng 15
15.1.
Fc,m m 2 d u t ,v dUcp, V
70.00 216.91 225.00
300
15.2.
Fab Fbc Fbd dU dUcp
2x240.00 70.00 95.00 27.72 28.50
15.3
Zd, 10A6 VND/nam
383.23
15.4
Zb, 10A6 VND/nam
35.79
15.5.
Cp in p u, kV Fc A U tt, V A U cp.V
10 2xAC240 184,64 300
22 AC50 531,98 660
35 AC35 417,70 1050
Chi ph tnh ton:
Chi ph, 106 VN/nm 10 kV 22 kV 35 kV
zb 60.94 61.84 67.48
Zd 1595.08 705.67 753.22
Z t n g 1656.02 767.51 820.69
301
15.6.
So do phan bo phu tai
!
0
$
: 0 0
0
o 0
100
0
0
50
0 0
0
0
50 100 150 200 250
15.7.
Phng n 2x400 800 1000
z, 106 VN/nm 469.57 648.62 631.49
15.8.
n Rd, Q Fmin, mm2 F, mm2
12.00 3.86 2.25 400.00
15.9.
n Rd, n Fmin, mm2 F, mm2
22.00 0.49 11.23 400.00
302
15.10.
Qb =
69.72
62.70
15.11.
Qbi =
86.49 38.79 29.72
15.12.
NPV Bh Ch R T
243.80 1720.48 1476.68 1.17 5.82
15.13.
NPV Bh Ch R T
6152.50 42649.45 36496.95 1.17 3.7
15.14.
a) Ton b von t c
NPV Bh Ch R T
6381.36 42649.45 36268.09 1.18 4.2
b) Vay ton b von
NPV Bh Ch R T
5910.36 42649.45 36739.09 1.16 3.2
303
Ti liu tham kho
Ting Anh
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B nporpaMMHbix c p ea a x M A T L A B 5 H Scilab. HayKa. 2001.
[26] . A .ry jib T a e B . B n 3 y ajib H 0 e MoaejiHpoBaHMe B c p e a e M a tla b : y n e H b iH Kypc.

riHTep. 2000.
[27]. A. /aHHXiOB. KoMnbKrrepHbi npaKTHKyM no Kypcy "TeopHH

ynpaBJieHHd". Simulink-MOfleJiHpoBaHHe B cpe/ie Matlab. M ry H 3 . 2002.
[28] . B.lbsiKOHOB. M A T L A B 6: yH e H bii K ypc. n n T e p . 2 0 0 1 .
[29], KeTKOB KD.J1., KeTKOB A .IO ., LUyjibu M .M . M ATLAB 6.x:

nporpaMMMpoBaHMe MHCJieHHbix MeTOflOB. C .- n 6 .: B H V , 2 0 0 3 .
[3 0 ]. B .K oH A paiuoB , C .K o p o jie B . M a tla b K3K CHCTCM3 nporpaM M M poBaHHs
HayHHO-TexHHMecKHx pacneTO B. M w p. 2 0 0 2 .
[3 1 ]. Jla3 a p eB , KD. M oflejiH poB aH ne npoueccoB H cncTeM B M a tL a b : y n e .

Kypc / KneB : BHV, 2005.
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[33], /.M 3TbK )3 M K .() h h k . MHC/ieHHbie MeTOflbi. H cn0Jib30B aH H e M A T L A B .
BmibHMC. 2 0 0 1 .
[3 4 ], C .rio p w H e B . K oM nbW TepH oe M oaejiH poBaH He 4>n3HHecKMx n p o u e c c o B B
naK eTe M A T L A B . ro p s m a fl JlHHHfl - TejieKOM. 2 0 0 3 .
[3 5 ], rioTeMKHH B . r . C n c T e iu a HH)KCHepHbix M HayHHbix pacneTOB M a tla b 5.X.
T. I . - M : /Hanor-MH<I)H, 1999.
[3 6 ], B.rioTeM KHH. BbiHHCjieHHH B c p e a e M A T L A B . ^ H a n o r - M H O H . 2 0 0 4 .
[3 7 ], H .M epH bix. S im u lin k : c p e a a c03flaHHfl HHKeHepHbix n p m io w e H H ii. /n a io r-
MHcDH. 2003.
[3 8 ], K.MeH, n j* n 6 jiM H , A .HpBM H r. M ATLAB ' B MaTCMSTMHCCKHX
MccjieflOBaHMsix. M n p . 2001.
307
T ing Vit
[39], Trn Q uang Khnh, H thng cung cp in, N xb K.H&KT, H Ni 2007.
[40], Trn Q uang Khnh, Bi tp cung cp in, Nxb KH& KT, H Ni 2008.
[41]. Trn Quang Khnh, M ng in, N xb KH & K T, H Ni 2007.
[42], Trn Quang Khnh, Bo h lao ng v k thut an ton in, Nxb

KH& KT, H Ni 2008.
[43], Trn Quang Khnh, Vn hnh h thng in, N xb KH& KT, H Ni 2009;
308
Mc
lc

L i n i u 3
Phn II. Matlab ng dng chuyn ngnh in
Chng 9: G i i m c h i n
9.1. Cc phng php gii mch in 5
9 .1 1 . Phng php dng in nhnh 5
9.1.2. Phng php dng in vng 6
9.1.3. Phng php in th nt 8
9.1.4. Phng php xp chng 8
9 .1 .5 . P h n g p h p g i i m c h b n g l n h c i tr c o n g M a tla b 9
9.1.6. Gii mch in vi cc tham s phc 12
9.2. Mch in hnh sin 13
9.2.1 Cc i lng mch in hnh sin 13
9.2.2 Mch in xoay chiu ba pha i xng 25
9.2.3 Mch in xoay chiu ba pha khng i xng 33
9.3. Tinh ton qu trnh qu trong mch in hnh sin 36
9.3.1. Phng php kinh in 36
9.3.2. Phng php ton t 37
9.3.3. Phng php m phng Simulink 37
9.4. Bi tp 43
C h ng 10. T n h to n p h t i i n
10.1 Bi ton xc nh ph ti 51
10.2. Xy dng biu ph ti 61
10.3. D bo ph ti 65
10.4. Bi tp 70
Cliung 11. M n g i n
11.1. D liu ng dy v m y bin p 73
11.1.1. D liu ng dy 73
11.1.2. D liu my bin p 82
11.2. Xc nh cc tham s h thng ca s thay th 83
309
11.2.1. Xc nh cc tham s ng dy 83
11.2.2. Cc tham s ca my bin p 91
11.3. Tnh ton ch xc lp ca ng dy 95
11.4. Tinh ton mng in kn 104
11.5 ng dy truyn ti siu cao p 109
11.6. Tnh ton c hc ng dy 124
11.7. Bi tp 130
Chng 12. Gii tch mng in
12.1 Phn loi cc nt trong h thng in 137
12.2. Biu th cc tham s h thng ca cc phn t trong h n v
tng i 138
12.3. Chng trinh gii tch mng in truyn ti 143

12.3.1 Chng trnh d liu 143
12.3.2 chng trnh lfybus 144
12.3.3 Chng trinh lfgauss v lfnewton 145
12.3.4 Chng trnh bloss 150
12.3.5. Chng trnh busout 150
12.4 Gii tch mng in phn phi 163
12.4.1. M ng in phn phi trung p 163
12.4.2. M ng in phn phi h p 169
12.5. Bi tp 174
C h n g 13. P hn b ti u cng su t trong h thng in
13.1 Khi qut chung 181
13.1.1. c tinh chi ph ca cc t my pht 181
13.1.2. Phn b ti u cng sut ca cc t my pht khng xt n 181
tn tht trong mng
13.1.3. Phn b ti u cng sut ca cc t my pht c xt n tn 182
tht trong mng
13.2 Chng trnh phn b ti u cng sut trong h thng in 186
13.2.1. Chng trinh dispatch 186
13.2.2. Chng trnh gencost 187
13.3 Bi tp 197
310
Chng 14. T n h to n n g n m c h
14.1 Tnh ton ngn mch i xng 201
14.1.1. Khi qut v ngn mch i xng 201
14.1.2 Chng trnh tnh ton ngn mch i xng 202
14.1.2.1 Chng trnh thit lp ma trn in tr nt 202
14.1.2.2 Chng trnh tnh ton ngn mch i xng 203
14.2 Tnh ton ngn mch khng i xng 212
14.2.1. Khi qut chung v ngn mch khng i xng 212
14.2.1.1. Ngn mch mt pha-t 213
14.2.1.2. Ngn mch hai pha 213
14.2.2. Chng trnh tnh ton ngn mch khng i xng 214
14.3 Bi tp 223
Chng 15. T h i t k m n g i n
15.1. Chn tit din dy dn 227
15.2. Chn cp in p ti u ca li phn phi 234
15.3. Chn trm bin p 242
15.3.1. V tr ti u ca trm bin p 242
15.3.2 Chn s lng v cng sut my bin p 243
15.4 Tnh ton ni t 247
15.5 Tnh ton b cng sut phn khng 253
15.6 Phn tch kinh t ti chnh 257
15.6.1. Dng tin ca d n 257
15.6.2. Cc chi tiu c bn ca d n 258
15.7 Bi tp 265
p s
p s chng 9 271
p s chng 10 278
p s chng ] 1 280
p s chng ] 2 284
p s chng ] 3 290
p s chng 14 292
p s chng 15 300
Ti liu tham kho 305
311
MATLAB '\ , DNG
Tp I I
Chu trch nhim xut bn: TS. PHM VN DIN

Bin tp: ThS. NGUYEN h u y t i n
Trnh by ba: TRNH THY DUNG
NH XUT BN KHOA HC V K THU T
70 Trn Hng o, H Ni
In 700 bn, kh 16x24cm, ti Nh in H Ni - Cng ty Sch H Ni. 67 Ph c Chnh -

Ba nh - H Ni. S ng k KHXB: 215-2010/CXB/217.2-17/KHKT ng>
05/3/2010. Quyt nh xut bn s: 202/QXB-NXBKHKT k ngy 01/9/2010. S in
256/2. In xong v np lu chiu qu IV nm 2010.

Matlab Ung Dung Tap II 42650

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Matlab Ung Dung Tap II 42650

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TQN QUANG KHNH

NH XUT BN KHOA HC V K THUT

MA'TLAB l mt trong nhng h thng c son tho ht sc chu o,

C th ni M ATLAB l s kt hp c o ca cng ngh tin hc hin i

L m t h thng m, M ATLAB kt hp rt nhiu ph ng p h p tnh m c th

M ATLAB thc s l mt phcm g tin hu hiu, cho p h p nhn kh nng cua

N i dung ca cc chng c trnh by ht sc ngn gn vi rt nhiu vi

9.1. Cc ph oig php gii mch in

Xt s mch in (hnh 9 .la), lu chiu dng in gi nh trc trn s

I i R ,-I2R 2=H,-E2; > (9.1)

I,R :-I3R3 = E,-E 3: J

Hnh 9 .1a. S mch in.

Biu th di dng ma trn:

Ma trn dng in chy trn cc nhnh:

disp('(a) Phuong phap dong dien nhanh:');

R=[R,; R 2; R3]; % Ma tran dien tro nhanh

E =[E |; E2; E3]; % M a tran suat dien dong nguon

z = [ l 1 1; R (l) -R(2) 0; 0 R(2) -R(3);]; % Ma tran dien tro m ach vong

u=[0; E (l)-E (2); E(2)-E(3)]; % Ma tran dien ap

I=Z\U; % Dong dien tren cac nhanh

disp('Ket qua la:')

fprintf('% g'), d isp ([I(l), 1(2), 1(3)]);

Theo phng php dng in vng ta thit lp h phng trinh:

-R ,IV, + (R2+R3)I,2 = E 2-E3; I (9.5)

I,= Ivl; I 2 = Iv2-Ivl; I , = -Iv3. _

Chng trnh MATLAB theo phng php dng in vng c th hin

dispC(b) Phuong phap dong dien vong:);

Z=[R( 1)+R(2) -R(2); -R(2) R(2)+R(3)];

Iv=Z\U; % Dong dien vong

11=Iv( 1); % Dong dien nhanh thu nhat

I2=Iv(2)-Iv(l); % Dong dien nhanh hai

I3=-Iv(2); % Dong dien nhanh ba

dispCKet qua la:')

fprintf('%g), disp([Il, 12,13])

Hinh 9.1.b. S mch in gii theo phng php

Theo phng php dng in vng ta thit lp h phng trnh:

l2= (E2+U AB).g2; (9.6)

Chng trnh M ATLAB theo phng php in th nt c th hin nh

disp('(c) Phuong phap dien the nut:');

E=[E,; E2; E3];

g = l ,/R; % Ma tran die dn

Uab=(-E( 1)*g( 1)-E(2)*g(2))/sum (g); % Dien the nut ab

11=(U ab+E( 1))*g( 1);

disp(Ket qua la:')

fpnntf(% g'), d isp ([Il, 12,13])

disp('(d) Phuong phap xep chong:');

R = [R ,;R :;R ,];

E=[E,; E,; E,];

Rtdl=R(2)*R(3)/(R(2)+R(3)); % Dien tro tuong duong nhanh 2 va nhanh 3

n 1=E( 1)/(R( 1)+Rtd 1); % Dong dien tren nhanh 1 tu nguon 1

112=11 l* R tdl/R (2); % Dong dien trennhanh 2 tu nguon 1

113=111 *R tdl/R (3); % Dong dien tren nhanh 3 tu nguon 1

R td2=R (l)*R (3)/(R (l)+R (3));

122=E(2)/(R(2)+Rtd2); % Dong dien tren nhanh 2 tu nguon 2

l21= I22*R td2/R (l); % Dong dien tren nhanh 1 tu nguon 2

123=122* Rtd2/R(3); % Dong dien tren nhanh 3 tu nguon 2

11=111-121; % Dong dien tren nhanh 1

dispCKet qua la:')

fprintf('%g'). d isp ([Il, 12, 13]);

9.1.5. G iiii m c h in b n g l n li c i tr c tro n g M A T L A B

Cc bi ton mch vi s trn c th gii vi mt lnh giam ach(E ,R ).

function[I] = giaim ach(E.R)

/.=[1 ] 1; R( 1) -R(2) 0; 0 R(2) -R(3);]; % Ma tran dien tro mach vong

u=[0: H( 1)-E(2); E(2)-E(3)]; % Ma tran dien ap

Uab=(-E( 1)g( 1)-E(2)g(2))/sum (g); % Dien the nut ab

z=[5+j7.2, 3+j4.5, 22+j*19.7];

i=Im cos(wt+tetaipi/180);% Dng in i(t)

Q=U Isin(teta) % Gia tri cong suat phan khang

pr=P(l+cos(2(w t+tetau))); % Ham bien doi cong suat tac dung