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Proteins
Proteins
Proteins
Protein Synthesis:
Translation of the
Genetic Message
2020:120:2A 26 47:15
27
1 43 44
28 42 45
D Arm - Contains 29
30
41 46
40 47 Extra Arm - May
dihydrouridine
47:1
31 39
Py* 38 vary in size
U Pu*
34 35 36
Anticodon
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All rights reserved
11-12
11 Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase
• Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase enzymes
attach the correct amino acids to the
correct tRNA
• This is an energy consuming process
• Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
recognize tRNAs on the basis of their
looped structure, not by direct
recognition of the anticodon
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All rights reserved
11-13
11 Amino-
Making
Gly acyl-tRNA
Synthetase
Aminoacyl-
P tRNA
P Amino-
ATP
P Gly acyl-tRNA
Synthetase
P
P
P Pyrophosphate
Amino-
Gly acyl-tRNA
Synthetase
P
CCA
Gly
Amino- P
acyl-tRNA AMP
Synthetase
CCA
Aminoacyl- Note that the amino acid is not paired with the
tRNA tRNA on the basis of the anticodon. The correct
© 2003 Thomson Learning, Inc.
tRNA for a given amino acid is recognized on
All rights reserved CCA the basis of other parts of
11-15
the molecule. ©1998 Timothy G. Standish
O
11 H
Aminoacylation of tRNA
H N C
C O H
H O H O H
R H
C C
H
H
H
O H H C C
H O N H
N
C C C
3’ H C
O O
C N
N
5’
© 2003 Thomson Learning, Inc.
H O
P
O
C
tRNA
R H C C
H
H
H
O H H C C
H O N H
N
C C C
3’ H C
O O
C N
N
5’
© 2003 Thomson Learning, Inc.
H O
P
O
C
t RNA A
S tep 2: O
t RNA AMP
O O A H H
O
A -r ib- O- P- O- C-CH- R + H H H H
O- N H3 + H O HO
H
OH HO O C-CH- R
An aminoacyl-AMP
Transfer RNA
N H3 +
An aminoacyl-tRNA
O
CH3 -S-CH2 CH2 CHC- t RN A
NH
H C O
f met
N-Formylmethionine-tRNA
peptidyl transferase
fmet Adenine Adenine
t RNA t RNA
O O
H H + H H
H H H H
OH HO O O O HO
H- C-N H- CH -C- NH- CH C= O
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11-34
11 Chain Elongation
• puromycin
H3 C CH3
N N H2
N N N N
N O N
N N
HO- CH 2 t RNA -OPO- CH 2
O O
H H O- H H
H H H H
NH HO O HO
O C-CH- CH2 OCH3 O C-CH- R
N H3 + N H3 +
Puromycin An aminoacyl-tRNA