lR$ ^l>>?
B Cyl*Z 15 Ost, tVS t $tMS$
CURRENT AFFAIRS- ANALYSIS
1) Horticulture as a sector
HORTICULTURE CROPS
Context
Record production of
horticulture crops in the
country during 2016-17
is estimated to be around
300 million tonnes.
What is Horticulture?
Horticulture is the Over 30 Million Tonnes
science and art of
growing (plants) fruits,
vegetables, flowers and
other plants.
Horticulture is a process
of apply the knowledge,
skills and technologies
used to grow intensively
produced plants for
human food and non-
food uses and personal or
social needs.
The Aim of Horticulture
is to improving plant
growth, yields quality,
nutritional values, and
resistance to Insects,
Diseases and
Environmental stresses.
Horticulture even refers
to the growing of plants
in a field or garden.
Scope of Horticulture
Horticulture involves 9
areas of study that are..
1) Arboriculture: The
practice of arboriculture
includes cultural
techniques such as
selection, planting,
training, fertilization,
pest and pathogen
control, pruning, shaping,
and removal.
2) Turf management:
Includes all aspects of
the production and
maintenance of Turf
grass for sports, leisure
use or amenity use.
3) Floriculture: Include the
production and marketing
of floral crops.
4) Landscape
Horticulture: Includes
the production, marketing
and maintenance of
landscape plants.
5) Olericulture: Includes
the production and
marketing of vegetables.
6) Pomology: Includes the
production and market of
pome (flowering plants
and fruits).
7) Viticulture: Include the
production and marketing
of grapes.
8) Oenology: Includes all
aspects of Wine and
Winemaking.
9) Postharvest Physiology:
Involves maintaining the
quality of and preventing
the spoilage of plants and
animals.
Salient features of Indias Improving the funding
Horticulture sector
1) Horticulture accounts for
about 30% of Indias Increasing public
agricultural GDP from
13.08% of cropped area.
2) Provides about 37.1% of
the total exports of
agricultural commodities.
3) While India is a large,
low cost agricultural
producer, its share in
global agriculture exports
is minuscule, India
produces nearly 11% of
all fruits.
4) Indias major exports
include Onion, Mango
Pulp, Fresh Mangoes,
Dried Walnuts, and Fresh
Grapes.
5) Indias biggest Export
market are South Asian
and Middle East
countries.
l ls lZ..
{ l gq]l
11
HG/sGG f]l tyl:
_]l l: AMt 3. Cyl$ t
Ol>lZ DIGZ 275 {syl A{s $tMS$ MS , MSP: f]l All
_]l l: AMt 4 $ -$, l-$ -]l D&l$
* ]ll l
C{Z 80 Ost/Cf $tMS$ _]l l: AMt 5 sakshieducation@gmail.com ]l$ 2-10-2017
Present Status of
Horticulture in India
Agri-horticultural commodities
during 2014-15 to 2016-17.
undertaken directly from
farmers or farmers
How they are used?
The stalks were first treated
After this process, Bio-Ethanol
(>99% purity) is produced. COMPETITIVE GUIDANCE
PSF Scheme provides for organisations of farm with acid, alkali and different Uses of Bio-Ethanol available.
has performed advancing interest free loan to gates/mandi. enzymes to breakdown It is a renewable resource. Government initiatives
remarkably in recent State governments/UTs and polymers of stalk. It is more pure than other National Policy on Bio-fuels
years. Central agencies to support A NEW SCORE IN WASTE The acid removes hemi alcohol. 2015 introduced by
Production of fruits and their working capital. MANAGEMENT cellulose, it is a polymer of This can be used as liquor for government to encourage
vegetables has This will be managed centrally cell wall, alkali extracts consuming. renewable energy resources as
outstripped that of food by a Price Stabilization Fund lignin, it is binding machine It reduces pollution as it do not alternate fuels to supplement
grain for the 3rd straight Management Committee matrix in cellular. release CO2 emission. transport fuels.
year in 2015-16. (PSFMC). This treatment expose It reduces use of fossil fuels. Way forward
In 2016-17, Indias Funds from this Central cellulose and cellulose is It can be produced from The government should take
horticulture production Corpus will be released in two further treated using waste, which is abundant. necessary measures to prevent
stood at 300 Million streams, one to state enzymes to convert into It can also be produced from farmers diverting their crops
Tonnes. government/UTs as a onetime glucose. corn, sugarcane waste etc., from food crops to cash crops
advance to each State/UT. Fermentation Disadvantages for ethanol.
more than Food grain The revolving Fund is being To convert glucose into It is expensive. Better storage facilities should
Production. mooted so that Requirement ethanol, fermentation is Ethanol, as biofuel is be provided.
Share of horticulture in for all further interventions can Scientists from CSIR-NIIST done with Yeast. inefficient when compared to
agricultural production be decided and met with at a have been able to turn waste The Yeast Saccharomyces gasoline. Krishna pradeep
was more than 33%. state level itself. into wealth. cerevisiae RRP-03N extracted It increase methane gases,
Director,
According to survey, Procurement of the They produced ethanol from from rotting wild fruit from harmful to Ozone layer.
21st Century IAS, Hyd.
over the past decade, the commodities will be Cotton-Stalks. Kerala is used. Storage capacity should be
area under horticulture
crops has grown by 2.7%
per year, fuelling
production, which
]l*^ & { ]l${l >Q
increased at an annual l {$l
pace of 7%.
Share of plan outlay for
horticulture, which was
3.9% during the 9th plan,
increased to 4.6% during
the 12th Plan.
Reasons for development
horticulture in India
Most horticulture crops
are grown with assured
Irrigation and therefore,
are more resilient to
monsoon deficits.
Eight vegetables that
make up 74% of the total
vegetable production in
the country have 73%
access to irrigation.
In comparison, only 50%
of the area under food
grain has access to
Irrigation.
Technology led gains
in the productivity of
horticultural crops have
given the farmers an
opportunity to diversify
from food and other
crops to horticulture.
Small and marginal
farmers have brought V>i & >i f$
lV> l $$ A
sizable chunk of land
under horticultural crop.
Better agronomic
practice (Improving soil
quality, water use
manage crop residue).
Improved varieties.
Challenges ^le l $l
Lack of market support.
Paucity of post-harvest 3]l Ml]l
produce management
&
""^le ''
chain from farm to fork.
Most growers do not get
l ]lW# yl$
reasonable returns for
their produce.
Distress sales.
Improper post-harvest A$z {]l
handling and lack of
processing facilities.
Farmers have been
]lQ A
]l{l l*
regularly affected by
price slumps.
Way Forward
for R & D Programmes {]l]l${
in horticulture.
E.11.00 VS.$, 2 AMt, 2017
consciousness, the
promotion of healthy
habit benefits through the
eating various fresh and gql ]ll, ]l* l
dried fruits.
Maintain the price
stabilization fund scheme
for Horticulture. ^le l ]l
${Ol$]l l l M l {fq
Improving the marketing
and processing of the
Horticulture productions.
Price Stabilization Fund
Scheme
The government has
"" "^lel'E^"
approved the setting up
of a Price Stabilization
l' M> & ]l$]l l> ${V>
l$M]l$r ]l$]ll ]l$t ll ''
Fund (PSF) as a Central
Sector Scheme, with
corpus of Rs.500 crores.
This is support market
interventions for price
&]l{l l*
control of Perishable