WelcometogettingstartedwithUbuntu12.04Server.

ThisSystemAdministratorManual

guidetobesimpletofollow,

withstepbystepinstructions

withscreenshots
 INDEX

1.InstallationofUbuntu12.04Server(64bit)Version.
2.UbuntuFileStructure
3.AssignmentofIPtoServer/Client.
4.ShellCommands
1 InstallationofUbuntu12.04Server(64bit)Version.

DownloadtheimageofKickStartDVDofUbuntu12.04Server64

bitVersionwithDesktopVersion11.0.isofrom
https://ask.otc.nic.in/downloads/os/kickstart/
BurntheimageonDVD.

InsertDVDinmediaofServer/PCClient.

Installationprocessisstarted.

Aftercompletionofinstallation,thesystemwillreboot.
2. UbuntuFileStructure

Allfilesystemsarecontainedwithinonedirectoryhierarchy.The
rootdirectoryisthetopleveldirectory,andallitssubdirectories
makeupthedirectoryhierarchy.

/binbinaryapplications(mostofyourexecutablefiles)
/bootfilesrequiredtoboot(suchasthekernel,etc)
/devyourdevices(everythingfromdrivestodisplays)
/etcjustabouteveryconfigurationfileforyoursystem
/etc/rc.d contains a number of shell scripts that are run on
bootupatdifferentrunlevels.
/etc/X11configurationfilesfortheXWindowsystem
/homelocallystoreduserfilesandfolders
/libsystemlibraries(similartoProgramFiles)
/mediamounted(orloaded)devicessuchascdroms,digital
cameras,etc.
/mntmountedfilesystems
/optlocationforoptionallyinstalledprograms
/sbinsystemonlybinaries
/syscontainsinformationaboutthesystem
/tmptemporaryfiles
/usrapplicationsmainlyforregularusers
/varmainlylogs,databases,etc.
3 AssignmentofIPtoServer/Client.

Loginasroot.
ClickonNetworkConnectionIconontaskbar.
ClickonEditConnection.
SelectEditoption.
GototheIPv4SettingTab.
SelectManualfromMethodDropDown.
ClickonAdd
AssigntheIPAddress,Netmask,GatewayandDNSServer.
ClickonSave.
ReboottheServer/Client.
4 ShellCommands

1. ls:listdirectorycontents
(Thelscommandwillshowyouthelistoffilesinyourcurrentdirectory.)
#ls

2. cd:ChangeDirectory
(Thecdcommandwillallowyoutochangedirectories.)
#cd
3. pwd:printthecurrent/workingdirectory
(Thepwdcommandwillallowyoutoknowinwhichdirectoryyouarelocated)
#pwd

4. mkdir:make/createdirectory.
(Themkdircommandwillallowyoutocreatedirectories.)
#mkdir
5. rmdir:removethedirectory
(Thermdircommandwilldeleteanemptydirectory.)

#rmdir

6. rm:remove/deletefile.
(Thiscommandtoremoveordeleteafileinyourdirectory.)
#rm
7. mv:renameormoveafile/directory
(Themvcommandwillmoveafiletoadifferentlocationorwillrenameafile.)

#mv

8. man:Manualpagesforshellcommands.
(Themancommandisusedtoshowyouthemanualofothercommands.)

#manrm
9. cp:CopyFiles
(Thecpcommandwillmakeacopyofafileforyou.)

#cpr_test.txtr1_test.txt

10. shutdown:Shutdownthecomputerfromterminal
(Thiscommandshutdownthecomputer)
#shutdownh or #init0
11. adduser:Additionofnewuser
(Thiscommandcreatingthenewuserin/homedirectory)
#adduserravi

12. passwd:Changepasswordforuser
(Thiscommandchangethepasswordofspecificuser)
#passwdravi
13. tar:Createsandextractsfilesfromatapeordiskarchive.
(Thiscommandstoresandextractsfilesfromatapeordisk)
#tarcvzfravi.tar.gz*

14. tar:Createsandextractsfilesfromatapeordiskarchive.
(Thiscommandstoresandextractsfilesfromatapeordisk)
#tarxvzfravi.tar.gz
15. find:findsearchesthefilelocatedat/
(Thiscommandfindsearchesthedirectorytreerootedateachgivenfile)
#find/nameravi.txtprint

16. grep:printlinesmatchingapattern
(Thiscommandsearchesthenamedinputfilesforlinescontaininga
matchtothegivenpattern.)
#grepravilosarwar*
17. chown:changefileownerandgroup
(Thiscommandchangestheuserand/orgroupownershipofeachgivenfile.)
#chownraviravi.tar.gz

18. chgrp:changegroupownership
(Thiscommandchangethegroupofeachfiletogroup)
#chgrpraviravi.tar.gz
19. chmod:changefilemodebits
(Thiscommandchangesthefilemodebitsofeachgivenfileaccordingtomode)
#chmod777ravi.tar.gz

20. ifconfig:configureanetworkinterface
(Thiscommandisusedtoconfigurethekernelresidentnetworkinterfaces)
#ifconfig