On General Solution in Topological Massive Gravity and Ricci Flows

On General Solutions in Topological Massive Gravity and Ricci Flows
On General Solutions in Topological

Massive Gravity and Ricci Flows
Research Seminar
Sergiu I. Vacaru
Science Department
University Al. I. Cuza, Iaşi, Romania
Seminar at Department of Mathematics

(host prof. Metin Gürses) Bilkent University
July 22, 2010; Ankara, Turkey
100722˙trsp˙ank˙bilkent.tex
c Sergiu I. Vacaru, July 15, 2010
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Subjects
I. Motivations: Topological Massive Gravity and

Nonholonomic Structures
II. Nonholonomic Ricci flow evolution of topological

massive gravity solutions
III. Nonholonomic Distributions and Massive Gravity
IV. General Solutions in Massive Gravity

a. Separation of Einstein eqs for
distinguished connections
b. Integration of (non) holonomic Einstein eqs
V. Extracting topological massive black ellipsoids
VI. Conclusions and Perspectives
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Motivations:
Concept/ coefficient form of N–connections: E. Cartan, A. Kawaguchi, C. Ehresmann ....
1. M. Gurses, Killing Vector Fields in Three Dimensions: A Method to Solve Massive

Gravity Field Equations, arXiv: 1001.1039
2. A. Ulas Ozgur Kisised, O. Sarioglu and B. Tekin, Cotton Flow, arXiv: 0803.1603v2
3. David D. K. Chow, C. N. Pope and E. Sezgin, Classification of solutions in topologically
massive gravity, CQG 27 (2010) 105001
4. David D. K. Chow, C. N. Pope and E. Sezgin, Kundt spacetimes as solutions of topolog-
ically massive gravity, CQG 27 (2010) 105002
5. S. Vacaru, On General Solutions in Einstein Gravity, accepted: Int. J. Geom. Meth.

Mod. Phys. (IJGMMP) 8 N1 (2011); arXiv: 0909.3949v1
6. S. Vacaru, On General Solutions in Einstein and High Dimensional Gravity, Int. J. Theor.
Phys. 49 (2010) 884-913; arXiv: 0909.3949v4
7. S. Vacaru, Curve Flows and Solitonic Hierarchies Generated by Einstein Metrics, Acta
Applicandae Mathematicae [ACAP] 110 (2010) 73-107; arXiv: 0810.0707
8. S. Vacaru, Parametric Nonholonomic Frame Transforms and Exact Solutions in Gravity,
Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys. (IJGMMP) 4 (2007) 1285-1334; arXiv: 0704.3986
Topological Massive Gravity and Nonholonomic Strs

TMG equations found by Deser, Jackiw and Templeton
(DJT). For nontrivial cosmological constant,
E αβ + µ−1C αβ = λδ αβ
The Bergshoeff–Hohm–Townsend (BHT) theory

preserving parity (more sophisticate) can be also solved
”almost” in general form.
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Nonholonomic Structures and Exact Solutions in

Topological Massive Gravity
3-d Levi–Civita topological massive configs
E αbβb + µ−1C αbβb = λδ αbβb,
1 αb
E αbβb = Rαbβb − δ βb [3]
R,
1 b
³ 2 ´
bβb
α β b
C = √ ²αbτbγb∇τbRγb + ²βbτ γb∇τbRγbαb
2 g
for the Levi–Civita connection ∇ = { pΓγαbbβb}.
For metrics g,
2
¡ ¢
1 2 b
ds = ± dx + gαbβb(x2, y 3, y 4)duαb duβ
= gαβ (uαb )duαduβ
coordinates uα = (xi, y a) = (x1, x2, y 3, y 4) = (x1, uαb );
b, βb = 2, 3, 4
i, j, ...k = 1, 2; a, b... = 3, 4; α
4-d nonholonomic gravitational configurations
∇
∇g = 0, torsion T = 0.
Another class of linear connections g
D={ g
Γγαβ },
g
D = g∇ + gZ
with distortion/torsion g Z completely determined by g,
when g Dg = 0.
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Consider metrics g of type

¡ ¢2
ds2 = gi (xk )(dxi )2 + ω 2 (xk , y b )ha (xk , y 3 ) dy a + Nja (xk , y 3 ) (1)
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 4
= g1 (x , x )(dx ) + g2 (x , x )(dx ) + ω (x , x , y , y ) ×
¡ ¢2
[h3 (x1 , x2 , y 3 ) dy 3 + w1 (x1 , x2 , y 3 )dx1 + w2 (x1 , x2 , y 3 )dx2
¡ ¢2
+h4 (x1 , x2 , y 3 ) dy 4 + n1 (x1 , x2 , y 3 )dx1 + n2 (x1 , x2 , y 3 )dx2 ]
for Ni3 = wi and Ni4 = ni.

Remark: Reduction 4-d →3-d
α
£v k 3 i h k a
¤
Source: Υβ = Λ(x , y )δk , Λ(x )δv
Theorem 1: The Einstein equations for g D,
g 1
Rαβ − gαβ gs R = Υαβ
2
for the metrics g (1) transform into an exactly integrable
system of partial differential equations
g
R11 = g
R22 = hΛ(xk ) (2)
g 3 g 4
R3 = R4 = v Λ(xk , y 3)
Einstein gravity solutions with g ∇ are extracted by

constraining g Z = 0.
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Effective 4–d topological theory
Eαβ + µ−1Cαβ = λδ αβ , (3)

1
Gαβ = Rαβ − δ αβ sR,
2
αβ 1 ¡ ατ γ β βτ γ α
¢
C = √ ² Dτ Rγ + ² Dτ Rγ
2 g
Lemma: Cαβ (uγ ) = ( hC(uγ ) δ i j , v C (uγ )δ ab)
Theorem 2: The solutions of (3) can be extracted from
(2) for
h
Λ(xk ) = λ − µ−1 hC(xk ),
v
Λ(xk ) = λ − µ−1 v C(xk ).
Theorem: Nonholonomic Cotton flows are determined by

solutions:
µ ¶
1 l ²ikj b k h bij (χ),
∂χgij (χ) = 1 − δ l √ D ( Λ(χ)) = C
µ 4 ¶ gh
1 ²acb b c v bab(χ)
∂χhab(χ) = 1 − δ ee √ D ( Λ(χ)) = C
4 hg
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II. Black Ellipses in TMG
Nontrivial effective cosmological source

Consider a diagonal 4-d metric
ε
λg = −dξ ⊗ dξ − r2(ξ) dϑ ⊗ dϑ −
r2(ξ) sin2 ϑ dϕ ⊗ dϕ + λ$2(ξ) dt ⊗ dt,
where coordinates and nontrivial metric coefficients
x1 = ξ, x2 = ϑ, y 3 = ϕ, y 4 = t,
ǧ1 = −1, ǧ2 = −r2(ξ), ȟ3 = −r2(ξ) sin2 ϑ, ȟ4 = λ$2(ξ)
Z ¯ µ ¶¯1/2
¯ 2µ 1 λ ¯
forξ = dr ¯¯1 − +ε 2 + 2
4κ r
2 ¯ ,
¯
µr r 3 ¶
2
2µ 1 λ 2 2
λ $ (r) = 1 − + ε 2
− 4κ r ,
r r 3
where 4κ2 = 1/M∗2 is the 4–dimensional Newton’s
constant, λ = ε λ is a positive cosmological constant and
µ1 is the ADM mass (review on Schwarzschild–de Sitter
black holes in (4 + n1)–dimensions, for n1 = 1, 2, ...)
For ε → 0 and µ taken to be a point mass (for a
stationary locally anisotropic model, µ = µ0 + ε
µ1 (ξ, ϑ, ϕ) , for µ0 = const and function µ1 (ξ, ϑ, ϕ)
taken from phenomenological considerations).
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The metric εg has a true singularity at r = 0 and the

equation
2µ0 1
1− + λ 4κ2 r2 = 0
r 3
has three solutions for not small r (when we can neglect
the term 1/r2) corresponding to three horizons.
3–d configurations are generated if we do not
consider coordinate ϑ
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Off–diagonal Configurations
We consider the ansatz
λ
g̊ = −eφ(ξ,ϑ) dξ ⊗ dξ − eφ(ξ,ϑ) dϑ ⊗ dϑ
+h3 (ξ, ϑ, ϕ) δϕ ⊗ δϕ + h4 (ξ, ϑ, ϕ) δt ⊗ δt,
δϕ = dϕ + w1 (ξ, ϑ, ϕ) dξ + w2 (ξ, ϑ, ϕ) dϑ,
δt = dt + n1 (ξ, ϑ, ϕ) dξ + n2 (ξ, ϑ, ϕ) dϑ,
for h3 = η3(ξ, ϑ, ϕ)r2(ξ) sin2 ϑ, h4 = η4(ξ, ϑ, ϕ) λ$2(ξ),
where the coefficients (solutions of TMG) satisfy
•• 00
φ (ξ, ϑ) + φ (ξ, ϑ) = 2 hΛ(ξ, ϑ);
(φ∗)2 0
h3 = ± v e−2 φ(ξ,ϑ),
4 Λ(ξ, ϑ)
1 0
h4 = ∓ v e2(φ− φ(ξ,ϑ));
4 Λ(ξ, ϑ)
wi = −∂iφ/φ∗; Z
0 φ(ξ,ϑ))
ni = 1
ni(ξ, ϑ) + 2ni(ξ, ϑ) (φ∗)2 e−2(φ− dϕ,
Z ∗ 2
1 −4φ 4 )
(h
= ni(ξ, ϑ) + 2ni(ξ, ϑ) e dϕ, n∗i 6= 0;
h4
1
= ni(ξ, ϑ), n∗i = 0;
for any nonzero ha and h∗a and (integrating) functions
1
ni(ξ, ϑ), 2ni(ξ, ϑ), generating function φ(ξ, ϑ, ϕ), and
0
φ(ξ, ϑ) to be determined from boundary cond.
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Ellipsoid de Sitter configurations and TMG
rot
= −eφ(ξ,ϑ) (dξ ⊗ dξ + dϑ ⊗ dϑ)
λ g   ∗
hq i2 1
  s 
−h20 ( |q|)∗ 1 + ε q  q   δϕ ⊗ δϕ
( |q|)∗ |q|
¡ ¢
+ q + εs δt ⊗ δt,
δϕ = dϕ + w1dξ + w2dϑ, δt = dt + n1dξ + n2dϑ.
2 1µ(r, ϑ, ϕ) q 0(r)
q =1− , s= sin(ω0ϕ + ϕ0),
r 4µ20
1
¡ −2 2 2
¢
with µ(r, ϑ, ϕ) = µ + ε r − λ 4κ r /3 /2, chosen
to generate an anisotropic rotoid configuration for the
smaller ”horizon” (when h4 = 0), for a q 0(r),
2 1µ
r+ ' q 0 (r)
.
1+ ε 4µ 2 sin(ω0ϕ + ϕ0)
0
p
Levi–Civita: φ(r, ϕ, ϑ) = ln |h∗4 / |h3h4|| must be any
function 2e2φφ = v Λ.
³ ´∗
N–connection coefficients: w1w2 ln | ww12 | = w2• − w10 for
wi∗ =
6 0; w2• − w10 = 0 for wi∗ = 0; and take ni = 1ni(xk )
for 1n01(xk ) − 1n•2 (xk ) = 0.
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Rotoids and solitonic distributions

On a N–anholonomic spacetime V defined by a rotoid
d–metric rotg, we can consider a static 3–d solitonic
distribution η(ξ, ϑ, ϕ) as a solution of solitonic equation1
η •• + ²(η 0 + 6η η ∗ + η ∗∗∗)∗ = 0, ² = ±1.
It is possible to define a nonholonomic transform from rotg
to a d–metric rotst g determining a stationary metric for a
rotoid in solitonic background to be reduces for 3–d TMG:
rot
= −eψ (dξ ⊗ dξ + dϑ ⊗ dϑ)
st g " Ã !∗#
hp i2 1 s
−4 ( |ηq|)∗ 1+ε p p δϕ ⊗ δϕ
( |ηq|) ∗ |ηq|
+η (q + εs) δt ⊗ δt,
δϕ = dϕ + w1dξ + w2dϑ, δt = dt + 1n1dξ + 1n2dϑ,
N–connection coefficients are taken the same as in
previous solution.
Limit ε → 0, a nonholonomic embedding of the
Schwarzschild solution into a solitonic vacuum, which
results in a vacuum solution of the Einstein gravity defined
by a stationary generic off–diagonal metric and data
induced by TMG.
1 as a matter of principle, we can consider that η is a solution of any three dimensional solitonic and/ or other nonlinear wave equations
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”Fictive” Vacuum Solutions

Solutions of Rb αβ = 0 by d-metrics with stationary
coefficients subjected to conditions
•• 00
ψ (ξ, ϑ) + ψ (ξ, ϑ) = 0;
∗ 2
0 (h )
h3 = ±e−2 φ 4 for given h4(ξ, ϑ, ϕ), φ = 0φ = const;
h4
v
wi = wi(ξ, ϑ, ϕ) are any functions
Z if Λ = 0;
ni = 1
ni(ξ, ϑ) + 2ni(ξ, ϑ) (h∗4 )2 |h4|−5/2dv, n∗i 6= 0;
1
= ni(ξ, ϑ), n∗i = 0,
for h4 = η(ξ, ϑ, ϕ) [q(ξ, ϑ, ϕ) + εs(ξ, ϑ, ϕ)] . In the limit
ε → 0, we get a so–called Schwarzschild black hole
solution mapped nonholonomically on a N–anholonomic
(pseudo) Riemannian spacetime, or constrained to TMG.
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III. Nonholonom. Distr. & Gravity
Nonholonomic Manifolds/Bundles
Geometrization of nonholonomic mechanics =⇒
concept of nonholonomic manifold V = (M, D)
smooth & orientable M , non–integrable distribution D
N–anholonomic manifold enabled with nonlinear
connection (N–connection) structure
N : T V = hV ⊕ vV, D = hV, integrable vV
Examples: 1) V (semi/pseudo) Riemannian manifold

2) V = E(M ), or = T M, is a vector, or tangent, bundle
Local coordinates u = (x, y), or uα = (xi, y a)

h–indices: i, j, ... = 1, 2, 3 and v–indices: a, b, ... = 4, 5
Local coefficients N = Nia(u) dxi ⊗ ∂y∂ a

Particular case: Nia(u) = Γabi(x)y b
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∃ N–adapted (co) frames (vielbeins)

µ ¶
∂ a ∂ ∂
eν = ei = i − Ni (u) a , ea = a ,
∂x ∂y ∂y
µ
¡ i i a a a i
¢
e = e = dx , e = dy + Ni (u)dx .
γ
Nonholonomy: [eα, eβ ] = eαeβ − eβ eα = Wαβ eγ
Anholonomy coefficients Wiab = ∂aNib and Wjia = Ωaij ,
a a
¡ a¢
N–connection curvature Ωij = ej (Ni ) − ei Nj
γ
holonomic/ integrable case Wαβ = 0.
Distinguished Connections:
A d–connection D on V is a linear connection preserving
under parallelism the N–connection splitting.
γ ¡ i a i a
¢
Locally, D ⇒ Γ αβ = Ljk , Lbk , Cjc, Cbc ,
h
D = (Lijk , Labk ) and v D = (Cjc
i a
, Cbc )
Distinguished objects: d–objects, d–tensors
d–vectors X = hX + vX = hX + v X
N–adapted geometric constructions.
Levi–Civita connection ∇ is not N–adapted
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Torsion and Curvature d–tensors

Torsion of D =( hD, v
D), by the d–tensor field
T(X, Y) + DXY − DY X − [X, Y],
T(X, Y) = {hT(hX, hY), hT(hX, vY), ..., vTvX, vY)}
N–adapted: T = {Tαβγ = (T ijk , T ija, T ajk , T bja, T bca)}
Curvature: R(X, Y) + DXDY − DY DX−D[X,Y],
α
¡ i a i c i c
¢
R = {R βγδ = R hjk ,R bjk ,R hja,R bja,R hba,R bea }
Ricci: Ric + {Rβγ = Rαβγα = (Rij , Ria, Rai, Rab)}
Distinguished metric (d–metric)

g = hg⊕Nvg = [ hg, v g]
g = gij (x, y) ei ⊗ ej + hab(x, y) ea ⊗ eb
Coordinate co–frames: g = g αβ (u) duα ⊗ duβ

· ¸
gij + NiaNjbhab Njehae
g αβ =
Niehbe hab
for Nje(u) = Nje(x, y)

Data for generic off–diagonal metrics and N–connections
£ b
¤
g = {gαβ } = gij , hab, Nj
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Levi–Civita and canonical d–connection

Levi–Civita connection ∇ = { g Γγαβ },
T αβγ = 0 and ∇g =0
Canonical d–connection D b = { gΓ
bγ }
αβ
b =0 and hT(hX,
Dg b b
hY ) = 0, v T(vX, vY ) = 0
g γ
Γ = gΓ b γ + gZ γ
αβ αβ αβ
g γ
Distortion tensor Z αβ
completely defined by g
³ ´
bγ = L
N–adapted coefficients Γ bi , L
ba , C
bi , C
ba ,
αβ jk bk jc bc
b i 1 ir
Ljk = g (ek gjr + ej gkr − er gjk ) ,
2
b a a 1 ac ¡ d d
¢
Lbk = eb(Nk ) + h ek hbc − hdc ebNk − hdb ecNk ,
2
b i 1 ik b a 1 ad
Cjc = g ecgjk , Cbc = h (echbd + echcd − edhbc) .
2 2
bγ ∼
Nontrivial torsion T g
Z γαβ
αβ
Tbija = C
bjb
i ba
, T ji = −Ωaji, Tbaj
c bcaj − ea(Njc)
=L
bγ = 0
If T αβ
g γ g bγ
Γ αβ = Γ αβ
b
even, in general, ∇ 6= D
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IV. General Sols in Topolog. Massive Grav.
a. Separation of Einstein eqs for d–connections

Einstein eqs for gβδ rewritten equivalently using the
canonical d–connection,
b βδ − 1 gβδ sR = Υβδ ,
R
2
baj = ea(Njc), C
L c bjb
i
= 0, Ωaji = 0,
b βδ is for Γ
Ricci tensor R b γ , sR = gβδ R
b βδ
b → ∇,
for D
αβ
also contributions of Cotton tensor.
For instance, (2+2) splitting, (uα = (xk , t, y 4 = y),

ansatz with Killing symmetry ∂/∂y 4,
K
g = g1(xk )dx1 ⊗ dx1 + g2(xk )dx2 ⊗ dx2
+h3(xk , t)e3⊗e3 + h4(xk , t)e4⊗e4
where for Ni3 = wi(xk , t), Ni4 = ni(xk , t),

e3 = dt + wi(xk , t)dxi,
e4 = dy 4 + ni(xk , t)dxi
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Theorem 1 (Separation of Eqs)

The Einstein eqs for ansatz K g and Db are:
b 1 b 2 1
−R1 = −R2 = (4)
" 2g g
1 2 #
• • • 2 0 0 0 2
g g (g ) gg (g )
g2•• − 1 2 − 2 + g100 − 1 2 − 1 = Υ4(xk ),
2g1 2g2 2g2 2g1
−Rb 3 = −Rb4 =
3 " 4 #
2
1 ∗∗ (h∗4 ) h∗3 h∗4
h4 − − = Υ2(xk , t), (5)
2h3h4 2h4 2h3
" #
b wk (h∗4 )2 h∗3 h∗4
R3k = h∗∗ − − (6)
2h4 4 2h4 2h3
∗
µ ¶
h4 ∂k h3 ∂k h4 ∂k h∗4
+ + − = 0,
4h4 h3 h4 2h4
µ ¶
b4k h4 ∗∗ h4 ∗ 3 ∗ n∗k
R = nk + h3 − h4 = 0, (7)
2h3 h3 2 2h3
where a• = ∂a/∂x1, a0 = ∂a/∂x2, a∗ = ∂a/∂t.
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b)Integration of (non)holonomic Einstein eq
Theorem 2 (Integral Varieties)

Eqs(4)–(7), written for h∗3,4 6= 0 and Υ2,4 6= 0,
ψ̈ + ψ 00
2Υ4(xk ) = (8)
h∗4
2h3h4Υ2(xi, t)/φ∗
= (9)
βwi + αi
0 = (10)
n∗∗
i + γni
0 ∗
= (11)
∗
³ 3/2
´∗
h
αi = h∗4 ∂iφ, β = h∗4 φ∗, φ = ln | √ 4 |, γ = ln |h|h4|3|
|h3 h4 |
ψ(xk )
General solution: g1 = g2 = e
Z
0 k (exp[2 φ(xk , t)])∗
h4 = h4(x ) ± 2 dt,
Υ2
·q ¸2
1
h3 = ± |h∗4 (xi, t)| exp[−2 φ(xk , t)]
4
wi = −∂iφ/φ∗ Z
1
¡ i
¢ 2
¡ i
¢ p
nk = nk x + nk x [h3/( |h4|)3]dt
Levi–Civita (LC) conditions:

wi∗ = ei ln |h4|, ek wi = eiwk , n∗i = 0, ∂ink = ∂k ni
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General Commutative Solutions
Non–Killing metrics
Dependence on 4th coordinate via ω 2(xj , y 3 = t, y 4 = y)
g = gi(xk )dxi ⊗ dxi + ω 2(xj , t, y)ha(xk , t)ea⊗ea,
e3 = dy 3 + wi(xk , t)dxi, e4 = dy 4 + ni(xk , t)dxi,
ek ω = ∂k ω + wk ω ∗ + nk ∂ω/∂y = 0,
ω 2 = 1 results in solutions with Killing symmetry.
Sketch proof: Recompute the Ricci h–v and v–components
and get zero distortion contribution for v– d’Allambert
conditions, and/or additional sources determined by ω.
N–deformations and exact solutions
’Polarizations’ ηα and ηia, nonholonomic deformations,
◦
g = [ ◦gi, ◦ha, ◦Nka] → η g = [ gi, ha, Nka].
Deformations of frame/metric/fundamental geometric
structures are more general than moving frame method:
η
g = ηi(xk , t) ◦gi(xk , t)dxi ⊗ dxi
+ ηa(xk , t) ◦ha(xk , t)ea⊗ea,
e3 = dt + ηi3(xk , t) ◦wi(xk , t)dxi,
e4 = dy 4 + ηi4(xk , t) ◦ni(xk , t)dxi.
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V. Eqs for Nonhol. Ricci Flows
1. Families fundamental Einstin/ Cotton/ Lagrange/

Finsler L(x, y, χ)/ F (x, y, χ), on T M, or V, real χ,
g = gi(xk , χ)dxi ⊗ dxi
+ω 2(xj , t, y, χ)ha(xk , t, χ)ea⊗ea,
e3 = dy 3 + wi(xk , t, χ)dxi, e4 = dy 4 + ni(xk , t, χ)dxi,
2. For the previous works, gαβ are solutions of Einstein
eqs for a d–connection, Rαβ = λgαβ , for instance,
b 1
R βδ − gβδ sR = Υβδ ,
2
LC–cond. Lbc = ea(N c), Cbi = 0, Ωa = 0
aj j jb ji
∂g
3. This seminar, gαβ (χ) are solutions of ∂χαβ = −2Cαβ
4. Canonical d–connection evolution (postulates)
∂ ³ ´ ∂
b
gi = −2 Rii − λgi − hc (Nic)2,
∂χ ∂χ
∂ ³ ´
ha = −2 R baa − λha ,
∂χ
Rbαβ = 0, for α 6= β, (R − λg) → µ−1C
bαβ 6= R
In general, R bβα resulting in nonsymmetric metrics.
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N–connection evolution of massive gravity

Include exact solutions for Einstein (non) holonomic
manifolds into nonholonomic Ricci/ -Cotton flow eqs?
Examples with nontrivial Nic(χ):
∂ ∂
a) ∂χ gi = ∂χ ha = 0, Υ2 = Υ4 = 0
∂
constraints: [hc (Nic)2] = 0, (12)
∂χ
gij and hab are d–metrics not depending on χ
families of Ni3 = wi(xk , t, χ), Ni4 = ni(xk , t, χ) with (12)
g = gi(xk )dxi ⊗ dxi + ω 2(xj , t, y, χ)ha(xk , t)ea⊗ea,
e3 = dy 3 + wi(xk , t, χ)dxi, wi(xk , t, χ) → wi(xk , t), (15)
e4 = dy 4 + ni(xk , t, χ)dxi,
Use Theorem 2, h∗3,4 6= 0, Υ2,4 → λ,
ψ̈ + ψ 00 = 2λ (13)
h∗4 = 2h3h4λ/φ∗ (14)
βwi + αi = 0 (15)
n∗∗
i (λ) + γ n ∗
i (λ) = 0 (16)
h∗4
αi = h∗4 ∂iφ, β = h∗4 φ∗, φ = ln | p |,
|h3h4|
µ ¶∗
|h4|3/2
γ= ln
|h3|
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Solutions for N–con. Ricci flows
k
g1 = g2 = eψ(x ), wi = −∂iφ/φ∗,
2
h4 = 0h4(xk ) ± exp[2 φ(xk , t)],
·q λ ¸2
1
h3 = ± |h∗4 (xi, t)| exp[−2 φ(xk , t)]
4
Z p
nk (χ) = nk (x , χ) + nk (x , χ) [h3/( |h4|)3]dt
1 i 2 i
ek ω(χ) = ∂k ω(χ) + wk ω ∗(χ) + nk (χ)∂ω(χ)/∂y = 0

LC–conditions: wi∗ = ei ln |h4|, ek wi = eiwk ,
n∗i (χ) = 0, ∂ink (χ) = ∂k ni(χ)
b) We can consider nontrivial Υ2, Υ4 imposing constr.

(12)
b11 = R
R b22 = −Υ4(xk , χ), Rb33 = R
b44 = −Υ2(xk , t, χ)
∂ ∂
gi = 2(Υ4 + λ)gi, ha = 2(Υ2 + λ)ha
∂χ ∂χ
ek ω(χ) = ∂k ω(χ) + wk (χ)ω ∗(χ) + nk (χ)∂ω(χ)/∂y = 0
Conclusion: Exact solutions for Einstein–Lagrange/
–Finsler, massive gravity models, both with trivial and
nontrivial matter sources, can be generalized to
nonholonomic Ricci flows, and re–defined for Cotton flows.
° 23/ 24
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VI. Conclusions and Perspectives

1. ”Almost” any solution of Generalized Einstein eqs with
sources, for gα0β 0 , via frame/ coordinate transform
α0 α0 β 0
eα = e α(xi, y a)eα0 , gαβ = e αe β gα0β 0 ,
can be expressed in a form gαβ =
¯ ¯
¯ g1 + ω 2 (w12 h3 + ω 2 (n12 h4 ) ω 2 (w1 w2 h3 + n1 n2 h4 ) ω 2 w1 h3 ω 2 n1 h4 ¯
¯ ¯
¯ ω 2 (w1 w2 h3 + n1 n2 h4 ) g2 + ω 2 (w22 h3 + n22 h4 ) ω 2 w2 h3 ω 2 n2 h4 ¯
¯ ¯
¯ ω 2 w1 h3 ω 2 w2 h 3 h3 0 ¯
¯ ¯
¯ 2
ω n1 h4 2
ω n2 h4 0 h4 ¯
2. Exact solutions Related to Nonholonomic Ricci/ – Cotton

flows: physical applications in classical and quantum
gravity.
3. Black ellipsoid/torus/solitonic/ pp–waves in massive
topological gravity (TMG)
4. Cosmological solutions in TMG
5. Imbedding of M. Gürses solutions into nonholonomic
configurations and generalizations
6. Solitonic hierarchies in TMG
7. Algebraic classification and nonholonomic deforms TMG
8. Deformation quantization of TMG
9. Quantum Einstein–Finsler gravity and TMG
° 24/ 24
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On General Solution in Topological Massive Gravity and Ricci Flows

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On General Solution in Topological Massive Gravity and Ricci Flows

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On General Solutions in Topological Massive Gravity and Ricci Flows

On General Solutions in Topological

Seminar at Department of Mathematics

I. Motivations: Topological Massive Gravity and

II. Nonholonomic Ricci flow evolution of topological

III. Nonholonomic Distributions and Massive Gravity

IV. General Solutions in Massive Gravity

V. Extracting topological massive black ellipsoids

VI. Conclusions and Perspectives

Concept/ coefficient form of N–connections: E. Cartan, A. Kawaguchi, C. Ehresmann ....

1. M. Gurses, Killing Vector Fields in Three Dimensions: A Method to Solve Massive

5. S. Vacaru, On General Solutions in Einstein Gravity, accepted: Int. J. Geom. Meth.

Topological Massive Gravity and Nonholonomic Strs

The Bergshoeff–Hohm–Townsend (BHT) theory

Nonholonomic Structures and Exact Solutions in

Consider metrics g of type

for Ni3 = wi and Ni4 = ni.

Einstein gravity solutions with g ∇ are extracted by

Effective 4–d topological theory

Eαβ + µ−1Cαβ = λδ αβ , (3)

Theorem: Nonholonomic Cotton flows are determined by

II. Black Ellipses in TMG

Nontrivial effective cosmological source

The metric εg has a true singularity at r = 0 and the

Ellipsoid de Sitter configurations and TMG

Rotoids and solitonic distributions

”Fictive” Vacuum Solutions

III. Nonholonom. Distr. & Gravity

Examples: 1) V (semi/pseudo) Riemannian manifold

Local coordinates u = (x, y), or uα = (xi, y a)

Local coefficients N = Nia(u) dxi ⊗ ∂y∂ a

∃ N–adapted (co) frames (vielbeins)

Torsion and Curvature d–tensors

Ricci: Ric + {Rβγ = Rαβγα = (Rij , Ria, Rai, Rab)}

Distinguished metric (d–metric)

Coordinate co–frames: g = g αβ (u) duα ⊗ duβ

for Nje(u) = Nje(x, y)

Levi–Civita and canonical d–connection

IV. General Sols in Topolog. Massive Grav.

a. Separation of Einstein eqs for d–connections

For instance, (2+2) splitting, (uα = (xk , t, y 4 = y),

where for Ni3 = wi(xk , t), Ni4 = ni(xk , t),

Theorem 1 (Separation of Eqs)

where a• = ∂a/∂x1, a0 = ∂a/∂x2, a∗ = ∂a/∂t.

b)Integration of (non)holonomic Einstein eq

Theorem 2 (Integral Varieties)

Levi–Civita (LC) conditions:

General Commutative Solutions

V. Eqs for Nonhol. Ricci Flows

1. Families fundamental Einstin/ Cotton/ Lagrange/

N–connection evolution of massive gravity

Solutions for N–con. Ricci flows

ek ω(χ) = ∂k ω(χ) + wk ω ∗(χ) + nk (χ)∂ω(χ)/∂y = 0

b) We can consider nontrivial Υ2, Υ4 imposing constr.

VI. Conclusions and Perspectives

2. Exact solutions Related to Nonholonomic Ricci/ – Cotton

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