ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, thank Allah SWT for everything that he

has given with due to his Mercy and his Love. For giving me inspirations and helping me

through me work and also my life, to be able to complete this final year project. Secondly, to

my family, my mom and dad, and my other siblings for giving me supports and helps, even

when I sometimes come back late due to doing my assignments and projects. Next, to my

supervisor, Dr Siti Nurbaya Ab. Krim, for helps me in giving us ideas and leads, and

inspirations to do our final year project. Next one is for my friends at UiTM, those who have

stayed by my side during hardships and ease and has helped given me another home in

UiTM. Lastly is for the laboratory technicians, Pn. Hartine Binti Awang who have gone out

of their way and out of their scope of work to help me tackle and solve any problems during

laboratory. And also to everyone else. Thank you all.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
TABLE OF CONTENT ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study 1
1.2 Problem statement 4
1.3 Objective 5
1.4 Scope of work 5
1.5 Limitation of study 6
1.6 Significance of study 7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Overview of train system in Malaysia 8
2.3 Noise
2.3.1 Noise Level 11
2.3.2 Decibel (dBA) 12
2.3.3 Background Noise 13
2.4 Guidelines of noise level 14
2.5 Types of sound 15
2.6 Sources of railway noise
2.6.1 Rolling noise 16
2.6.2 Impact Noise 18
2.6.3 Braking System 19
2.6.4 Aerodynamic Noise 20
2.7 Methodology review 21

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CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 23
3.2 Overview of research methodology 24
3.3 Selection of study location 26
3.4 Equipment 28
3.5 Sampling Method 30
3.6 Data Analysis 31
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction 32
4.2 Expected Result 32
4.3 Discussion 35
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusion 36
REFERENCES 37

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 LIST OF FIGURE

Description Page

Figure 1.1: Commuter / train railway map in Malaysia 3

Figure 1.2: Illustration of noise emission came from train operation 4
Figure 1.3: Typical ground surface and two side platform station 5
Figure 2.1: Train service route in Malaysia 10
Figure 2.2: Illustration of sound wave 12
Figure 2.3: Typical classifications of sound level events: steady, intermittent, time-
15
varying and impulsive sounds.
Figure 2.4: Typical track structure 16
Figure 2.5: Rolling noise that caused by vibrations of the wheel and rail 17
Figure 2.6: Gap in track that causes impact noise 18
Figure 2.7: Cast-iron braking system 19
Figure 2.8: Pantograph of train 20
Figure 2.9: Two-dimensional star-shaped acoustic array 21
Figure2.10: Result gained from the acoustic array 22
Figure 3.1: Shah Alam commuter station 26
Figure 3.2: KL Sentral commuter station 27
Figure 3.3: Front and back view of EXTECH Model 407780 Integrating Sound
27
Level Datalogger
Figure 3.4: Placement of sound level meter at the platform. 30

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Description Page

Table 2.1: Sound pressure level of human ears perceptible 11

Table 2.2: below shows the background noise level correction 13
Table 3.1: Specification of EXTECH Model 407780 Integrating Sound Level
29
Datalogger
Table 4.1: Result of noise level at the different station 32
Table 4.2: Level of noise produced by different types of trains. 33
Table 4.3: Level of noise at different distance. 34