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OC Relays PDF
OC Relays PDF
kxB
t = ___________
(I/Is)^a - 1
where
a B
Normally Inverse 0.02 0.14
Very Inverse 1.0 13.5
Extremely Inverse 2.0 80.0
Long Time Inverse 1.0 120.0
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Technical Bite
08
PG 2_11(A4) 6/5/07 11:42 AM 8
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Td (s) = K
I
X ( T ) Type of curve Type
( ) -1
Is Standard inverse time (SIT) 1.2
Very inverse time (VIT or LTI) 1.2
where Extremely inverse time (EIT) 1.2
Td = operating time in s Ultra inverse time (UIT) 1.2
T = operation time at 10Is, RI curve 1
Is = primary threshold current in A or kA IEC standard inverse time SIT/A 1
I = primary actual current value in A or kA
IEC very inverse time VIT or LTI/B 1
, and are constants.
IEC extremely inverse time EIT/C 1
IEEE moderately inverse (IEC/D) 1
Similarly, by varying the and K values in the same IEEE very inverse (IEC/E) 1
formula, it leads to four standard curves. IEEE extremely inverse (IEC/F) 1
IAC inverse 1
IAC very inverse 1
Table 2. Values of , and which determine the
IAC extremely inverse 1
degree of inversian of the IDMT curve
The curve equations are given in the chapter entitled "IDMT protection functions"
Type of curve Figure 2 Type of IDMT curves
Example:
For 100/5 CT with P.S at 100%, TMS=0.1, using the
T
standard inverse 3/10 curve, the SEPAM relay will be set
based on the following:
Is = 100A
Type of curve =SIT/A 1 1.2 10 20 Ms
If the setting mode is set as 10I/Is then Figure 3. IDMT curves based on Type 1 and Type 1.2
T= X TMS = 2.97 X 0.1 = 0.297.
If the setting mode is set as TMS, then TMS will be set Figure 3 shows that for the Type 1 curve, the relay will
at 0.1. activate at 1 X Is, after a certain time delay. However, for
With a primary current of 200A passing through the relay, Type 1.2 curve, the relay will only activate at 1.2 X Is. The
both modes will provide the same tripping time: Type 1.2 curve characteristic is in accordance with BS
142 standard, which has considered the nature of the
At 10I/Is mode: electromechanical relay. With a better understanding of
the IDMT curves and the way the SEPAM relay interprets
Td(s) = 0.14 the curves, SEPAM users will better appreciate the flexibility
X (0.297/2.97) = 1s of the settings for phase over-current (51) protections.
(200/100)0.02 -1
Contributed by:
Tong Ween Kai
At TMS mode: Assistant Marketing Manager
MV/LV Equipment
T(s) = 0.14
X 0.1 = 1s
(2)0.02 -1 REFERENCES
Electrical Network Protection, SEPAM Series 20 User Manual.
Electrical Network Protection, Protection Guide.
09
2.4 OVERCURRENT ELEMENTS 2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
2.4OVERCURRENT ELEMENTS
A Phase Time Overcurrent unit is provided in the relay. There are three possibilities for the curve selection, depending on
the selected model.
IEC curves comply with the criteria specified in the IEC255-4 Standard and British Standard BS142
2 ANSI curves comply with ANSI C37.90 standards
IAC curves simulate the behaviour of GE IAC relays.
A time dial can be applied to any of these curves to optimize co-ordination with other devices in the net. Additionally, there
is a possibility to define a Users Curve, which can be used for both three-phase overcurrent and ground elements.
In order to avoid undesired trips, time overcurrent elements will not pickup till a value of 1.05 * Set value.
Due to design criteria, actual pickup level has been INTENTIONALLY set to +5% over the set value to ensure that even in
the worst case scenario the relay will NEVER TRIP under the intended setting.This meets IEC international standards.
Where:
CURVE NAME A P Q B K
Mod Inverse (IEC Curve A) 0.14 0.02 1 0 0
Very Inverse (IEC Curve B) 13.5 1 1 0 0
Extremely Inverse (IEC Curve C) 80 2 1 0 0
Where:
CURVE NAME A B C D E
Inverse 0.0274 2.2614 0.3000 -4.1899 9.1272
Very Inverse 0.0615 0.7989 0.3400 -0.2840 4.0505
Extremely Inverse 0.0399 0.2294 0.5000 3.0094 0.7222
Where:
TDM: Time Dial Multiplier (Set in the Relay by User)
I / Ipickup setting > 1.05
Where:
D =Time Dial setting (set in the relay by user).
V =I / Ipickup setting > 1.05
I =Input Current
T =Operate Time (sec.)
A, P, Q, B, K =Constants defined in the standard, as follows:
PARAMETERS A B P O K
Range 0 125 0-3 0-3 0-2 0-1.999
Step 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
Unit Sec. Sec. NA NA Sec.
Default value 0.05 0 0.04 1 0
Settings available for the phase time overcurrent unit allows the user to: enable/disable the unit; set the pickup value
(between 0.1 2.4 times the rated current in case of 1/5 A ground, or 0.005-0.12 A in case of sensitive ground) and set the
current/time operating characteristic (type and time dial).
Note: The relay will use either IEC, IAC or ANSI curves, depending on the model. Refer to Appendix B for a deeper
explanation of the curves.
MIFII provides 2 phase instantaneous overcurrent elements, 50P1 (H for high pickup) and 50P2 (L for low pickup). Each
one can be enabled/disabled and set independently. Settings from these elements allow to set the pickup value from 0.1 to
30 times the rated current, and the time delay from 0.00 to 600.00 seconds.
2 The Ground Time Overcurrent element offers the same setting possibilities as the Phase Time Overcurrent element. The
ground current can be obtained from a residual connection on the CTs. For a more sensitive ground current detection, a
window type (zero sequence) CT, taking the three phases inside its windows can be used. Refer to figure 3-6 for more
details.
The MIFII relay provides 2 Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Elements, 50G1 (1 for High pickup) and 50G2 (2 for Low
pickup). Settings and ranges available for these elements are the same ones described for the Phase Instantaneous
Overcurrent Elements, 50P1 and 50P2.
B
For V 20.00, trip time will be the same as for 20 times the setting:
Where:
D = Time Dial
B 1.05
1.50
7.17
0.86
14.34 28.68
1.72 3.44
43.02
5.16
57.36
6.88
71.70
8.60
86.04
10.32
100.38 114.72 129.06 143.40 172.08 200.76 229.44 258.12 286.80
12.04 13.76 15.47 17.19 20.63 24.07 27.51 30.95 34.39
2.00 0.50 1.00 2.01 3.01 4.01 5.01 6.02 7.02 8.02 9.03 10.03 12.03 14.04 16.05 18.05 20.06
3.00 0.32 0.63 1.26 1.89 2.52 3.15 3.78 4.41 5.04 5.67 6.30 7.56 8.82 10.08 11.34 12.60
4.00 0.25 0.50 1.00 1.49 1.99 2.49 2.99 3.49 3.98 4.48 4.98 5.98 6.97 7.97 8.96 9.96
5.00 0.21 0.43 0.86 1.28 1.71 2.14 2.57 3.00 3.42 3.85 4.28 5.14 5.99 6.85 7.70 8.56
6.00 0.19 0.38 0.77 1.15 1.53 1.92 2.30 2.69 3.07 3.45 3.84 4.60 5.37 6.14 6.91 7.67
7.00 0.18 0.35 0.71 1.06 1.41 1.76 2.12 2.47 2.82 3.17 3.53 4.23 4.94 5.64 6.35 7.06
8.00 0.16 0.33 0.66 0.99 1.32 1.65 1.98 2.31 2.64 2.97 3.30 3.96 4.62 5.27 5.93 6.59
9.00 0.16 0.31 0.62 0.93 1.25 1.56 1.87 2.18 2.49 2.80 3.12 3.74 4.36 4.99 5.61 6.23
10.00 0.15 0.30 0.59 0.89 1.19 1.49 1.78 2.08 2.38 2.67 2.97 3.56 4.16 4.75 5.35 5.94
VERY INVERSE BS 142
1.05 13.50 27.00 54.00 81.00 108.00 135.00 162.00 189.00 216.00 243.00 270.00 324.00 378.00 432.00 486.00 540.00
1.50 1.35 2.70 5.40 8.10 10.80 13.50 16.20 18.90 21.60 24.30 27.00 32.40 37.80 43.20 48.60 54.00
2.00 0.68 1.35 2.70 4.05 5.40 6.75 8.10 9.45 10.80 12.15 13.50 16.20 18.90 21.60 24.30 27.00
3.00 0.34 0.68 1.35 2.03 2.70 3.38 4.05 4.73 5.40 6.08 6.75 8.10 9.45 10.80 12.15 13.50
4.00 0.23 0.45 0.90 1.35 1.80 2.25 2.70 3.15 3.60 4.05 4.50 5.40 6.30 7.20 8.10 9.00
5.00 0.17 0.34 0.68 1.01 1.35 1.69 2.03 2.36 2.70 3.04 3.38 4.05 4.73 5.40 6.08 6.75
6.00 0.14 0.27 0.54 0.81 1.08 1.35 1.62 1.89 2.16 2.43 2.70 3.24 3.78 4.32 4.86 5.40
7.00 0.11 0.23 0.45 0.68 0.90 1.13 1.35 1.58 1.80 2.03 2.25 2.70 3.15 3.60 4.05 4.50
8.00 0.10 0.19 0.39 0.58 0.77 0.96 1.16 1.35 1.54 1.74 1.93 2.31 2.70 3.09 3.47 3.86
9.00 0.08 0.17 0.34 0.51 0.68 0.84 1.01 1.18 1.35 1.52 1.69 2.03 2.36 2.70 3.04 3.38
10.00 0.08 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.90 1.05 1.20 1.35 1.50 1.80 2.10 2.40 2.70 3.00
EXTREMELY INVERSE BS 142
1.05 39.02 78.05 156.10 234.15 312.20 390.24 468.29 546.34 624.39 702.44 780.49 936.59 1092.7 1248.8 1404.9 1561.0
1.50 3.20 6.40 12.80 19.20 25.60 32.00 38.40 44.80 51.20 57.60 64.00 76.80 89.60 102.40 115.20 128.00
2.00 1.33 2.67 5.33 8.00 10.67 13.33 16.00 18.67 21.33 24.00 26.67 32.00 37.33 42.67 48.00 53.33
3.00 0.50 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
4.00 0.27 0.53 1.07 1.60 2.13 2.67 3.20 3.73 4.27 4.80 5.33 6.40 7.47 8.53 9.60 10.67
5.00 0.17 0.33 0.67 1.00 1.33 1.67 2.00 2.33 2.67 3.00 3.33 4.00 4.67 5.33 6.00 6.67
6.00 0.11 0.23 0.46 0.69 0.91 1.14 1.37 1.60 1.83 2.06 2.29 2.74 3.20 3.66 4.11 4.57
7.00 0.08 0.17 0.33 0.50 0.67 0.83 1.00 1.17 1.33 1.50 1.67 2.00 2.33 2.67 3.00 3.33
8.00 0.06 0.13 0.25 0.38 0.51 0.63 0.76 0.89 1.02 1.14 1.27 1.52 1.78 2.03 2.29 2.54
9.00 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
10.00 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.40 0.48 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.81 0.97 1.13 1.29 1.45 1.62
B.2ANSI CURVES
For 1 < V < 1.05 the unit will show a pickup signal and generate no trip.
For 1.05 V < 20.00, trip time will be
B
For V 20.00, trip time will be the same as for 20 times the setting
Where:
Table B3: GE ANSI INVERSE TIME CURVE CONSTANTS
CURVE NAME A B C D E
Extremely inverse 0.0399 0.2294 0.5000 3.0094 0.7222
Very inverse 0.0615 0.7989 0.3400 -0.2840 4.0505
Inverse 0.0274 2.2614 0.3000 -4.1899 9.1272
M = Time Dial
B.3IAC CURVES
For 1<I/Ipickup<1.05 the unit will show a pickup signal and generate no trip
Where:
12. CURVES
12.1 General
Although the curves tend towards infinite when the current approaches Is (general
threshold), the minimum guaranteed value of the operating current for all the curves with the
inverse time characteristic is 1.1Is (with a tolerance of 0.05Is).
12.1.1 Inverse Time Curves:
The first stage thresholds for phase (earth) overcurrent can be selected with an inverse
definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic. The time delay is calculated with a
mathematical formula.
In all, there are eleven IDMT characteristics available.
The mathematical formula applicable to the first ten curves is:
K
t = T + L
(I I S ) 1
Where:
t Operation time
K Factor (see table)
I Value of measured current
Is Value of the programmed threshold (pick-up value)
Factor (see table)
L ANSI/IEEE constant (zero for IEC and RECT curves)
T Time multiplier setting from 0.025 to 1.5
1
t= K
0.236
0 .339
( )
I
Is
K setting is from 0.10 to 10 in steps of 0.05.
The equation is valid for 1.1 I/Is 20.
Technical Data P12x/EN TD/H86
DMT 0 ms 0 ms
Rectifier, IDMT IEC or RI 50 ms Settable from 0 to 600 ms
RXIDG (*) - Settable from 0 to 600 ms
IDMT IEEE or CO 50 ms Settable from 0 to 600 ms or
Inverse Time (choice of 5 IEEE
curves)
A possible situation where the reset timer may be used is to reduce fault clearance times
where intermittent faults occur.
An example may occur in a cable with plastic insulation. In this application it is possible that
the fault energy melts the cable insulation, which then reseals after clearance, thereby
eliminating the cause for the fault. This process repeats itself to give a succession of fault
current pulses, each of increasing duration with reducing intervals between the pulses, until
the fault becomes permanent.
When the reset time of the overcurrent relay is set to minimum the relay will be repeatedly
reset and will not be able to trip until the fault becomes permanent. By using the reset timer
hold function the relay will integrate the fault current pulses, thereby reducing fault clearance
time.
The mathematical formula applicable to the five curves is:
K
t = T
1 (I I S )
Where:
t Reset time
K Factor (see table)
I Value of the measured current
Is Value of the programmed threshold (pick-up value)
1
TIME IN SECONDS
0,1
0,01
0,001
1 10 100
A
B
C
TIME IN SECONDS
0,1
D
0,01 E
0,001
1 10 100
P0007ENb
P12x/EN TD/H86 Technical Data
100
10
A
B
TIME IN SECONDS
C
1
0,1
0,01
1 10 100
P0008ENa
Technical Data P12x/EN TD/H86
10
TIME IN SECONDS
1 A
B
0,01
0,001
1 10 100
P0009ENa
P12x/EN TD/H86 Technical Data
10000
1000
100
TIME IN SECONDS
10
A
B
0,1 C
0,01
0,001
1 10 100
P00010ENa
Technical Data P12x/EN TD/H86
10000
1000
100
TIME IN SECONDS
A
B
D
1
E
0,1
1 10 100
P0011ENb
P12x/EN TD/H86 Technical Data
12.4 RI Curves
RI CURVES
100
10
TIME IN SECONDS
0,1
1 10 100
P0012ENa
Technical Data P12x/EN TD/H86
10
1
TIME IN SECONDS
0,1
0,01
0,001
0,0001
0,01 0,1 1 10 100
10
1
TIME IN SECONDS
0,1
0,01
0,001
0,0001
0,01 0,1 1 10 100
10
1
TIME IN SECONDS
0,1
A
A B
B C
C
D
0,01
D
E
0,001 E
0,0001
0,01 0,1 1 10 100
B : TMS/RTMS=1 A : TMS/RTMS=1.25
1000
100
10
TIME IN SECONDS
A
1
A B
B C
C
D
D
0,1
E
E
0,01
0,01 0,1 1 10 100
100
10
A
B
C
D
1
TIME IN SECONDS
A
E B
0,1 C
0,01
0,001
0,01 0,1 1 10 100
1000
100
B
C
TIME IN SECONDS
10
1
A
E B
0,1
D
E
0,01
0,01 0,1 1 10 100
1000
100
A
B
10 C
D
TIME IN SECONDS
A
B
0,1 C
0,01
0,001
0,01 0,1 1 10 100
10000
1000
100
TIME IN SECONDS
45900
t=
(I/Is)5.6-1
1
0,1
1 1.6 10 100
TMS = 1
P0019ENa
P12x/EN TD/H86 Technical Data
RXIDG Curves
K=1
Tripping time in seconds
5
K=0,9
K=0,8
4 K=0,7
K=0,6
K=0,5
3 K=0,4
K=0,3
0
I/Is
1
3,5
6
8,5
11
13,5
16
18,5
21
23,5
26
28,5
31
33,5
36
38,5
P0694ENa