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V01 - Introduction
V01 - Introduction
V01 - Introduction
Communication Networks
Chapter 1 Introduction
Overview
1. Definitions
2. History of Telecommunications
Telegraphy
Telephony
Wireless Communications
The Internet
3. Trends in Telecommunications
Mobile Communications
Technical Communications: Machine to Machine
Ubiquitous Computing
1. Definitions
Communication
Communication is the process of conveying information
from a sender
to a receiver
with the use of a medium
in which the communicated information is
understood by both sender and receiver
Communication requires that all parties
understand a common language
that is exchanged
1. Definitions
Communication in Detail
Major dimensions to define communication:
content (what type of things are communicated)
source, emisor, sender or encoder (by whom)
form (in which form)
channel (through which medium)
destination, receiver, target or decoder (to whom),
purpose or pragmatic aspect
1. Definitions
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the
purpose of communication
In earlier times:
smoke signals
drums
semaphores
flags
heliographs
In modern times:
electronic transmitters such as telephone, television, radio or computer
1. Definitions
Transmission System
Three basic elements:
a transmitter accepting information and converting it to a signal
a transmission medium carrying the signal
a receiver receiving the signal and converting it back into usable information
Transmitter Receiver
Transmission Medium
1. Definitions
Sender Receiver
Service Service
Interface Access Point
Information
(Abstract) Medium
Spatial Distance
Winter 2017/18 Communication Networks - 1. Introduction 7
1. Definitions
Telecommunication Network
Components
telecommunication links
nodes
end nodes
intermediate nodes
Task
forwarding of information from one end node to
another (over multiple links and intermediate nodes)
Examples
local computer network
public telephone network
Internet
http://www.looptelecom.com/upload/5f365ccacf89/842c4d64533d_640.jpg
Winter 2017/18 Communication Networks - 1. Introduction 8
1. Definitions
1. Definitions
Backbone
LAN 1
Mobile
Users
URL Web Page
Wireless LAN 3
LAN 2
Winter 2017/18 Communication Networks - 1. Introduction 10
2. History of Telecommunications
Telegraphy
Long-distance transmission of written messages
without physical transport of letters
Electrical telegraph developed and patented in the U.S.
in 1837 by Samuel F. B. Morse
Special encoding of message: Morse Code
Transatlantic telegraph cable completed
on July 18, 1866
Telegraph cable installed between London
and Calcutta in 1870
(length approx. 10,000 km)
2. History of Telecommunications
Telephony
2. History of Telecommunications
2. History of Telecommunications
Wireless Telecommunications
Guglielmo Marconi (1874 1937)
father of mobile communications
applied the findings of the following scientists in practice
Heinrich Hertz (1857 1894)
demonstration of electromagnetic waves in a lecture
hall at University of Karlsruhe in 1988
Desir Edouard Branly (1844 1940)
development of a receiver for radio communication
Augusto Righi (1850 1920)
development of a sender for radio communication
2. History of Telecommunications
2. History of Telecommunications
2. History of Telecommunications
(Source: https://www.lk.cs.ucla.edu/internet_first_words.html)
2. History of Telecommunications
2. History of Telecommunications
7
6
5
4
3
2
1 Africa
0 Asia
Europe
Latin America / Caribbean
Middle East
North America
Oceania / Australia
Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Winter 2017/18 Communication Networks - 1. Introduction 19
2. History of Telecommunications
Source:
https://mybroadband.co.za/
news/cellular/130652-
mobile-traffic-data-vs-
voice.html
3. Trends in Telecommunications
Business Segments
Information Technology
Security mainframe Security
server
PC
pad/tablet
cell phone
software
Media
I authors
Telecommunication movie studios
fixed line network providers radio and TV broadcasts
mobile network providers music industry
cable TV providers
radio stations
T TIMES M
publishers
online games
satellite network providers databases/cloud
comm. equipment companies news / information services
protocol designers e-commerce
E
Entertainment
TV sets
set-top boxes
VCR
cameras
Security Hi Fi equipment Security
game consoles
3. Trends in Telecommunications
Mobile Communications
Anybody Anytime Anywhere Mobile Communication Subscriber
Pacesetter: cellular mobile telephony Development
Subscribers [in Billions]
2002
1999
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
data
speech Source: http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/
multimedia Worldwide-Cellphone-Subscriptions-Forecast-To-Exceed-
Worldwide-Population-In-2015/
Winter 2017/18 Communication Networks - 1. Introduction 22
3. Trends in Telecommunications
3. Trends in Telecommunications
Technical Communications
Currently
human beings involved in communication
In the future
machines directly communicate with each other
Examples
remotely controlled factories, Industry 4.0
vehicular communication (C2C, C2X, V2X,)
home automation (smart home)
3. Trends in Telecommunications
Ubiquitous Computing
Information Technology (IT) beyond the PC
tablets/smart phones
wearable devices wearable computing
Enhanced environments
access to information networks everywhere
smart homes/buildings
sensor networks
Ubiquitous computing
independent of a human user
self-acting
not perceptible pervasive computing
3. Trends in Telecommunications
Eras of Computing
3. Trends in Telecommunications
16
14
12
Revenue/ year
10
PC Mark D. Weiser
(one processor, Ubiquitous (July 23, 1952 April 27, 1999),
8 one user) Computing the father of ubiquitous computing
(many processors,
6 one user)
4
Mainframe
(one processor,
2 many users)
1995 t
2000
2005
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Source: http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiHome.html
3. Trends in Telecommunications
Converging Networks
Technical
Internet
Communication
References