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Short Circuit ANSI Standard
Short Circuit ANSI Standard
ANSI Standard
Fault Current
IL-G can range in utility systems from a few percent to
possibly 115 % ( if Xo < X1 ) of I3-phase (85% of all
faults).
In industrial systems the situation IL-G > I3-phase is rare.
Typically IL-G .87 * I3-phase
In an industrial system, the three-phase fault condition
is frequently the only one considered, since this type of
fault generally results in Maximum current.
1996-2010 ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Short-Circuit ANSI Slide 2
Purpose of Short-Circuit
Studies
A Short-Circuit Study can be used to determine
any or all of the following:
Verify protective device close and latch capability
In-Plant Generators
Synchronous Motors
Induction Motors
Protective Devices
v(t) i(t)
v(t) Vm Sin( t )
di
v(t) Ri L Vm Sin(t ) (1)
dt
Solving equation 1 yields the following expression
- t
R
Vm Vm
i(t) sin(t - ) sin( - ) e L
Z Z
Steady State Transient
(DC Offset)
DC Current
AC Decay Current
ANSI
Models
All sources are modeled by an internal
voltage behind its impedance.
E = Prefault Voltage
R = Machine Armature Resistance
X = Machine Reactance (Xd, Xd, Xd)
Induction Machines
Treated the same as synchronous
Synchronous Reactance
motors except they do not contribute to
Transient Reactance the fault after 2 sec.
1 to 4 Cycle Network
30-Cycle Network
Xd Xd Xd
Utility
Xd Xd Xd
Turbo Generator
Hydro-Gen with
Xd Xd Xd
Amortisseur
winding
Hydro-Gen without
0.75*Xd 0.75*Xd Xd
Amortisseur
winding
Xd Xd
Condenser
Synchronous Xd 1.5*Xd
Motor
< 50 hp 1.67*Xd
Note: Xd = 1 / LRCpu
---
Fuse Interrupting
Capability
If 3 Ia 0
3 VPr efault
If
Z1 Z 2 Z0
if Zg 0
I a 2 I a1
3 VPr efault
If
Z1 Z2
I a 2 I a1 I a 0 0 I a
VPr efault
If
Z0 Z 2
Z1
Z0 Z 2
if Zg 0
(234.5 Tc)
R'Copper ' RBASE *
(234.5 Tb)
(228.1 Tc)
R' Alumi RBASE *
(228.1 Tb)
Lump1
Y open grounded