FUNCTION

"Hard drive" is a common term used in the computer world for the
component in computers and electronics that provides long-term storage
of information.

1. The Hard Drive as Storage

As you use your computer, you create documents and other bits of
information to be stored. The saves these items, alongside the software
and files that allow you to easily use and interact with your computer,
including the operating system.

When you open an application or document, your computer accesses it

from the hard drive. Larger files or programs can take longer to access
because the computer needs to retrieve the information from the hard
drive before presenting it to you in a useable way.

2. Measuring Hard Drive Storage

Hard drives come in a variety of storage sizes. As of publication, hard

drives are typically measured in gigabytes and terabytes , which are
units of measurement for a hard drive's storage capacity.
For example, 500GB hard drives are common in many modern
computers. The average four-minute song on iTunes is approximately
4MB in size. There are 1,000 megabytes in 1 gigabyte. This means that a
computer with a 500GB hard drive could store 250,000 songs.

Drive Types;

Standard Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive consists of circular metal disc-shaped platters which

store the computer's data. An actuator arm runs between the platters,
reading data off the hard drive. These platters constantly spin while the
computer is on, almost like a vinyl record player. HDDs are the most
common and inexpensive form of hard drive.

Solid State Drive

Unlike a hard disk drive, a solid state drive has no moving parts and the
data is stored on flash memory chips instead of metallic platters. SSD
technology is faster than HDD and less prone to failure since there are
no moving parts. Since SSDs are newer technology, they cost more per
unit of storage than an HDD
 .
Hardware
Definition Devices that are required to
store and execute (or run) the
software.
Types Input,storage,processing,control, System software, Programming software, and
and output devices.
Examples CD-ROM, monitor, printer,
video card, scanners , label
makers, routers , and modems.
Function Hardware serve as the delivery
system for software solutions.
The hardware of a computer is
infrequently changed, in
comparison with software and
data, which are soft in the
sense that they are readily
created, modified, or erased on
the computer.
Software
Collection of instructions that enables a user to
interact with the computer. Software is a
program that enables a computer to perform a
specific task, as opposed to the physical
components of the system (hardware).
Application software.
Quickbooks, Adobe Acrobat, Winoms-Cs,
Internet Explorer , Microsoft Word , Microsoft
Excel
To perform the specific task you need to
complete. Software is generally not needed to
for the hardware to perform its basic level tasks
such as turning on and responding to input.
 Inter Hardware starts functioning To deliver its set of instructions, Software is
dependency once software is loaded. installed on hardware.

Failure Hardware failure is random. Software failure is systematic. Software does not
Hardware does have increasing have an increasing failure rate.
failure at the last stage.

Durability Hardware wears out over time. Software does not wear out over time. However,
bugs are discovered in software as time passes.

Nature Hardware is physical in nature. Software is logical in nature.

Prewritten computer software or a prewritten portion of

computer software that is modified or enhanced to any degree, with
regard to a modification or enhancement that is designed and
developed to the specifications of a specific purchaser, remains
prewritten computer software, except that if there is a reasonable, .

Custom software (also known as bespoke software or tailor-made

software) is software that is specially developed for some specific
organization or other user. As such, it can be contrasted with the use of
software packages developed for the mass market, such as commercial
off-the-shelf (COTS) software, or existing free software.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SDRAM AND DDRAMl

2 Speed
3 Physical difference
 4 Types
5 Generations
6 Clock Speed
7 Video explaining the difference
8 References

Clock Signal

SDRAM memory chips utilize only the rising edge of the signal to
transfer data, while DDR RAM transfers data on both the rising and
falling edges of the clock signal.

In a computer system, the clock signal is an oscillating frequency

used to coordinate interaction between digital circuits. Simply put, it
synchronizes communication. Digital circuits designed to operate on
the clock signal may respond at the rising or falling edge of the
signal.

Speed

The main difference between SDRAM and DDR memory is the

doubled speed: DDR can transfer data at roughly twice the speed of
SDRAM. PC133 SDRAM runs at 133 MHz, while 133 MHz DDR
effectively runs at 133 MHz x 2 = 266 Mhz.

Physical difference

SDRAM has 168 pins and two notches at the connector while DDR
has 184 pins and a single notch at the connector.
Types

Typical DDR SDRAM clock rates are 133, 166 and 200 MHz (7.5,
6, and 5 ns/cycle), generally described as DDR-266, DDR-333 and
DDR-400 (3.75, 3, and 2.5 ns per beat). Corresponding 184-pin
DIMMS are known as PC-2100, PC-2700 and PC-3200. The
numbers represent the theoretical maximum bandwidth of the DDR
SDRAM in Megabytes per second (MB/s). For example, PC2100
has a theoretical maximum bandwidth of 2100 MB/s.

Generations

SDRAM was released first in 1997; DDR RAM was released in

2000. Subsequently DDR2, DDR3 and DDR4 SDRAM
standards were released by JEDEC. DDR5 is in development.

Clock Speed

You need to check the motherboard manual to see what RAM type
(whether it is SDRAM or DDR RAM) is compatible with your
system before purchasing memory. The clock speed for the memory
chip should be synchronous with the computer's system bus. Both
SDR and DDR RAM are offered at various clock speeds; installing
a version faster than a motherboard can support is a waste of money.