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Automatic Route Selection
Automatic Route Selection
(ARS) 19
Objectives
When you finish this module, you will:
Dialing plans or numbering plans within the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) vary
from country to country and can be specific within a given area of a country.
There are some common considerations regardless of the location. For example, a plan must
be considered for local calls, long distance calls, international calls and emergency and special
service numbers.
On a 3300 ICP, all external numbers must be planned for and programmed into the database
using ARS.
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Local Calls
3300 ICP phone users make calls into the PSTN in much the same way that we do from home.
But the 3300 ICP phone user may prefix the external directory number with a single digit, such
as 9 from a business phone or 8 from a phone in a hotel. This indicates to the 3300 ICP that it is
an external call. From home, we dial 592-2122, but from a 3300 ICP phone, we dial 9-592-2122.
See the figure below.
Another difference between 3300 ICP users and home users is that some 3300 ICP users may
be restricted from making external calls or from making certain types of external calls, such as
long distance calls.
Also, when making a call from the 3300 ICP, the 3300 ICP has the additional tasks of choosing
which outgoing trunk to send the call out on and then deleting the 9.
The ARS programming forms are used to instruct the 3300 ICP regarding which trunk to choose
and which digits to delete. A sample ARS program and some blank ARS planning sheets are
provided with your course materials.
It selects a trunk from within a group of trunks to send the call out on.
It modifies the dialed digits, such as dropping the 9, to convert the digits into what the
external network expects.
ARS digits can be specified with leading digits as well as dialed digits. These digits can be listed
explicitly, or wildcards can be used to specify predefined variables for a given ARS digit:
You may wish to call external numbers that start with 2, 3, 4, etc. In this case, we program ARS
with 9NXXXXXX+ 0 additional digits.
Making an External Call
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This is an ARS data collection table, giving a quick way to compile the information needed to
program external directory numbers. See if you can associate the values in this table with those
programmed in the forms that follow.
This is 9
plus the
digit 0 that
the caller The Xs
dials after signify any
the 9. other digit.
The N is a
wildcard that
specifies a
digit
between 2
and 9
inclusive.
The ARS Leading Digits form is automatically populated every time an entry is made to the ARS
Digits Dialed form. The ARS Leading Digits form is used to turn on second dial tone.
This is the 9 that callers dial whenever This instructs the system to return dial tone to
they call external numbers. the user after the digit 9 has been received.
If the digits are not in the ARS Digits Dialed form, the system returns reorder tone to the caller. If
the digits are in the ARS Digits Dialed form, ARS software assigns the call a route. Use the
following programming forms when programming a route.
Note
To make programming easier, keep the COR Group Number the same as the
Route Number. For example, Route 1 with COR Group 1.
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Programming a Route
To avoid this problem, we can make the system wait for dial tone before sending the digits. To
do this, add a Tone Marker to the Routes ARS Digit Modification Plans form. If this is not done,
the system sends the dialed digits the instant that it seizes the trunk.
Programming a Tone Marker
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Detectable Tones
Blank Speech
NA dial tone mod 120 UK 50 Hz dial tone
NA specialized carrier dial tone NA dial tone mod 133
NA priority ringback NA reorder tone
UK congestion tone UL dial tone
NZ number unobtainable UK NU tone
NA precise audible ringback NZ dial tone NA precise dial tone
UK precise audible ringback UK precise dial tone
NA busy tone NA audible ringback tone
UK busy tone UK audible ringback tone
NZ busy tone NZ audible ringback tone
IT dial tone MA dial tone
GE dial tone
If you apply Wait for Dial Tone on a trunk, make sure that the trunk is a type that returns
dial tone. Most digital E&M trunks and MSDN/DPNSS trunks connecting PBXs in North
America do not send a dial tone (Dial Tone on Incoming Seize). If you apply tone
detection to these trunks, the Maximum Wait for Tone timer expires and the system
takes the programmed Action on Timeout.
Programming ARS requires careful planning. Use the following diagram and planning sheets to
plan your ARS programming. The pyramid diagram represents the programming sequence.
Start programming at the bottom and move towards the top. Plan and troubleshoot problems
from the top down.
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Program Forms
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In this lab, you will be using the following forms, in this order:
Users and Devices > Advanced Configuration > Station Attributes form.
Call Routing > Automatic Route Selection (ARS) > ARS Digit Modification Plans form.
System Properties > System Feature Settings > Class of Restriction Groups form.
Call Routing > Automatic Route Selection (ARS) > ARS Routes form.
Call Routing > Automatic Route Selection (ARS) > ARS Digits Dialed form.
Call Routing > Automatic Route Selection (ARS) > ARS Leading Digits form.
Note
Check with the instructor for details on how the CO is being simulated.
Reference
Help > Contents > System Programming > Initial Configuration > Program
Automatic Route Selection
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8 In the Trunk Groups form, select the new trunk The Trunk Groups add
group and then select Add Member. member window opens.
9 Using range programming, and in reverse order, The analog trunks are added
add the analog trunks created in an earlier module. to the new trunk group.
10 Navigate to the Call Routing > Automatic The ARS Digit Modification Plans
Route Selection (ARS) > ARS Digit form is displayed.
Modification Plans form.
11 In the ARS Digit Modification Plans form, The Digit Modification number is
select a desired Digit Modification number selected and the Digit Modification
and then select Change. change window opens.
12 In the Digit Modification change window,
enter a one in the Number of Digits to
Absorb field. Leave the remaining fields at
default.
13 Select Save. The data is saved and displayed in
the ARS Digit Modification Plans
form.
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Note
The call must be completed to see the SMDR records.
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In this lab, you will be using the following forms, in this order:
Call Routing > Automatic Route Selection (ARS) > ARS Routes form.
Call Routing > Automatic Route Selection (ARS) > ARS Digits Dialed form.
Call Routing > Automatic Route Selection (ARS) > ARS Digit Modification Plans form.
System Properties > System Feature Settings > Class of Restriction Groups form.
Caution
Always allow all desktop devices to dial emergency numbers. The COR Group
number used for the emergency routes must not contain any COR numbers.
Note
Check with the instructor for details on how the CO is being simulated.
Reference
Help > Contents > System Programming > Initial Configuration >
Programming Automatic Route Selection
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Note
The call must be completed to see the SMDR records.
Calling Privileges
There are usually different levels of calling privileges within an organization, from the executive
level who may call almost anywhere, to sales who may be permitted to call anywhere on the
continent, and so on, down to those phones restricted to make no external calls.
In the system, every device within the database that can dial requires a COR number, which is
assigned:
The following figure represents a general hierarchy of restrictions, with the center being the
least restrictive and the outer circles the most restrictive.
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For example, if it is necessary to restrict directory number 1005 from calling a long distance
number, perform the following steps:
1. In the ARS Digits Dialed form, determine which route is used in order to call long distance
within North America. The figure shows Route 2.
2. In the ARS Routes form, verify which Class of Restriction Group is used by Route 2. The
figure shows COR group 2.
3. In the Station Attributes form, determine the COR number for extension 1005. The figure
shows COR number 7.
4. In the COR Groups form, program COR number 7 into the COR group 2. This will restrict
extension 1005 from making the long distance call.
Route 1 restricts calls from users with COR number 1, which is the only member in COR Group
1.
Route 2 allows all calls because there are no COR numbers in the COR Group associated with
Route 2. An example of this is emergency numbers.
Route 7 restricts calls from all users with COR number 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which are all members
in COR Group 7.
We use this in our example ARS program to block calls to 1-900 numbers.
Phones with any COR Number other than COR COR Group 1 contains
1 may use Route 1. 1 COR number 1.
COR Group 2
Route 2 uses COR Group 2
Phones with any COR Number may use COR Group 2 contains no
Route2. COR numbers.
COR Group 7
Route 7 uses COR Group 7
COR Group 7 restricts all users from using this 1, 2, 3, COR Group 7 contains
route. 4, & 5 COR numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
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COR Planner
The COR planning table lists:
Call types that are created in the ARS Planner Example sheet, listed down the left column
Various types of users and assigned COR numbers, listed in the center column
COR numbers placed into COR Groups, listed in the right column
To use the planner, follow each call type across the table and restrict the COR numbers that do
not have calling privileges for that call type. Notice that you can observe the restrictions
imposed on any COR number by the entries in its column.
9+Local R 1: 1
9+11 2:
9+911 3:
9+611 R R R R 4: 1-4
9+411 R R R 5: 1-3
9+0 (Telco) R R R R 6: 1-4
9+1-900 R R R R R 7: 1-5
9+1+Long Distance R R R 8: 1-3
9+011 R R R R 9: 1-4
9+1+212, 904, 907 R R 10: 1,2
9+1-900-592-2122 R R 11: 1,2
(Tech support)
9+839-1412 R R R R 12: 1-4
(Radio contest line)
9+1-800 R R R R 13: 1-4
The system operates in one of three modes, Day, Night1, or Night2. The attendant puts the
system in day mode during normal business hours, night1 mode after normal business hours,
and perhaps night2 during the late night hours.
A phone can be assigned different external calling privileges in each of these modes. The
Station Attributes form is shown below.
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Note
More information can be found in the Technical Knowledge Base on the MOL
web site.
Caution
Mitel strongly recommends that PBX owners and/or the service personnel,
program an appropriate COR to all system ports to control external dialing
capabilities through Station Ports, Voice Mail Ports, DISA Trunks and all Dial-
In-Trunks. This approach has proven effective in implementing a system that
minimizes the occurrence of toll fraud.
The 3300 ICP ESM forms are designed to offer a very flexible and highly
customized programming structure and must be carefully programmed to
prevent users from defeating your toll restriction plan.
Internal fraud is possible if employees are using External Call Forward, Trunk-to-Trunk
Connection Without Third Party, and 1-800 and 1-900 numbers.
ARS programming using COR group assignments is the only proper way to minimize toll fraud.
It is very important that only employees who require toll access be given telephone privileges.
For example, a lobby telephone would be denied toll access unless it is authorized through
attendants.
Individual Trunk Access, which will bypass all ARS and COR restrictions
Call Forwarding (External Destination), to allow extension users to forward their telephone to
external trunks.
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Automatic Route Selection (ARS)
800-numbers are traditionally free calls, but some COS can allow the reversal of 800-charges.
So it may be necessary that programmers designate 800-calls as toll calls for the company.
900-numbers and any information service calls should be COR-restricted from all users except
those who require access for their job function.
SMDR can be used to track internal users and control their calls, which is a deterrent for toll
abuse by internal callers.
It is important to note that System Speed Calls be subject to toll control. Access to system
speed calls should be controlled through the System Speed Calls form, where toll control can be
enabled. It is also important to note that Speed Call via the keys located on a set will be subject
to toll control only if the set is COR restricted.
Note
Speed Calls are discussed in a later module.
In most applications, users are allowed to access 911 without restriction. The DISA-trunk
automated attendant, which allows the transfer to an external call, should be considered to be
COR-restricted from dialing 911 to avoid any possibility of abuse from this source.
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Example #1
A programmer expects that users dialing 901 would access route 2 only and that those
dialling 90 would access route 1.
Generally, the programming works, but there is a chance that users may be able to beat
the system by making a 901 call via route 1, with no SMDR record. Users dial 90, wait
for the inter-digit timer to expire, and then dial 1. After the inter-digit time-out, the closest
match to the digit string dialed is 90. The system then dials 0 via route 1 and connects
the station directly to the CO trunk with no further toll control. Digits dialed after the inter-
digit time-out will not be captured in the SMDR.
To prevent the system from accessing the undesired route, the Digits Dialled should be
programmed to avoid non-unique match or ambiguous entries, as shown below. 9-0
calls, with no further digits dialed, will be blocked because there is no match in the Digits
Dialed field after the inter-digit time-out.
Note
The selection of Alternate second dial tone is not designed for N.A. operation.
COR Groups
The COR Groups form is used to gather COR numbers into groups to enforce toll restriction. A
COR group number, not a COR number, is assigned to the ARS Routes form in ARS
programming.
The following examples show how to restrict internal, local, and long distance calls, using COR.
Note
These examples do not imply that ARS should be programmed this way.
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In the Station Attributes form, DNs 1000, 1001, and 1002 have been COR restricted in
day and night service:
In the ARS Routes form, the route number that is to be COR-restricted should be
assigned a COR Group Number that contains the COR Number.
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In the ARS Leading Digits form, the system is programmed so that leading digits 0 and 1
take route 2, restricting any member in COR group 2 from accessing route 2.
With this level of security, whether stations with a COR of 2 and 3 are COR-restricted
from accessing route 2 or not, they will be prevented from making long-distance calls
because they cannot dial more than 10 digits.
Note
This example does not apply to areas where users must dial an area code to
make a local call.
Trunk CORs
All dial-in-trunks including DISA, TIE, DID and ISDN should be considered for COR restriction.
If these dial-in-trunks are accessible by external users, then these trunks should be treated like
an extension and should only be allowed certain privileges. If we follow this rule then the trunk
attributes would have the following set up.
Based on the above ARS programming, once COR restriction is applied to trunk service number
1 and 2, any trunk assigned to either service number will be restricted from placing long-
distance calls beginning with 0 or 1. If possible, the programmer should also limit the maximum
number of digits to be dialed on another trunk.
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All dial-in trunks must be COR restricted from directly placing external calls. In most
applications, only a limited number of digit strings will ever be dialed inward on E&M or
DID trunks, but it is important to be aware that these trunks can directly access ARS.
It is very important to note that if the system is programmed to allow users to call into the
switch and then call back out, no matter how complex the dialing process is, maximum
protection from fraudulent calls cannot be achieved without the implementation of COR,
COS, and Independent Account Codes against the incoming trunk, with the provision
that there can be no guarantees when dealing with fraudulent behavior.
If DISA is only used to call internal extensions, then Interconnect Restrict the DISA trunk
from all outgoing trunks. When enabling COS options, caution should be given to
Individual Trunk Access and Independent Account Codes. COR assignments must be
enabled for dial-in trunks. Forced Account codes must be used wherever possible and
the maximum account code digit string length should be used. The maximum number of
digits dialed, which is defined by COR, should also be considered.
Trunk protocol errors can be encountered during the release state initiated by the PBX,
resulting in toll fraud. These errors occur when the internal PBX port hangs up, but the
external party stays off-hook longer than the Release Acknowledge Timer, as
programmed in the trunks Circuit Descriptor on the PBX, and shorter than the release
timer of the CO equipment. The PBX treats this as a new call, opening the door for
hackers.
Caution
The appropriate COR and COS must be programmed against the incoming
trunks as described here to minimize toll fraud. In addition, the trunk circuit
descriptor can be adjusted for proper trunk protocol handling with the Telco by
increasing the Release Acknowledge Timer to a value that exceeds that of the
release timer of the CO equipment.
Lets assume that the DISA trunk is COR-restricted and cannot access any toll trunks,
and the DISA trunk is not forced to dial account codes. If legitimate users access the
DISA trunk, they would dial the feature access code for the account code, which can be
up to four digits in length and can include * and #, and then the independent account
code, which can be up to 12 digits in length. When the proper account code is entered, it
changes the COR and allows a toll call. So an authorized caller is required to dial up to
16 digits, including a feature access code, before making a toll call. This does not
prevent hackers from breaking in, but it makes it more difficult.
Note
The DISA trunk will only allow three attempts at the correct password. After
that, the user will be restricted from dialing any more digits until the next time
the trunk is accessed.
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If a customer wishes to make it more difficult for the DISA trunk to access the ARS
network, then the COS for that account code could force a user to enter yet another
account code, thus adding more digits for the user to dial.
For example, a user accesses the DISA and receives dial tone. The system is set up for
a 12-digit account code. The user dials 057912543349 and receives a second dial tone.
The COS in the Independent Account Code form forces the user to enter a second
account code, so the user must now dial the same 12-digit account code or a different
code. This creates a total of 24 digits that the DISA user must dial to access the toll
network.
Users and Devices > Advanced Configuration > Station Attributes form.
System Properties > System Feature Settings > Class of Restriction Groups form.
Call Routing > Automatic Route Selection (ARS) > ARS Digits Dialed form.
Note
Check with the instructor for details on how the CO is being simulated.
Reference
Help > Contents > System Programming > Initial Configuration >
Programming Automatic Route Selection
Use the supplied planning forms to plan your programming. An example of this lab is shown.
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911 1
9+911 1
9+611 R R R R 2 2-5
9+411 R R R 3 3-5
9+0 R R R R 2 2-5
9+1+900+7 digits R R R R R 4 1-5
9+1+10 digits R 5 5
9+1+480+7 digits R 5 5
9+011+ Any # of digits R R R R 2 2-5
9+011441291430000 R 5 5
9+1+212+7 digits 1
9+1+904+7 digits 1
9+1+907+7 digits 1
9+1+9005922122 R 5 5
9+8391412 R R R R 2 2-5
9+1+800+7 digits 1
9+1+888+7 digits 1
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Questions
For these questions, please refer to the table in the COR Planner section above.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Why are there no users in COR Group 2, used for 911 and 9911 ?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. The Tech support line 1-900-592-2122 has changed its number to 1-900-592-2123.
What is the next matched route for this new number? Who can reach them now? Which
extension(s) are never permitted to make long distance calls?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
In the following five scenarios, an extension user dials an external directory number. Predict
what the system will do with the call based on the ARS Planner sheet.
7. Extension 1400 dials 9-4 7 7-1 9 2 8. Use the completed programming forms in the ARS
Planner sheet and the ADDITIONAL INFORMATION listed below to answer the next
questions.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
c. 477
d. 14771928
e. 914771928
f. 94771928
g. 4771928
h. 4095249118
Which trunk will be used for the call made in this scenario?
c. Trunk 5
d. Trunk 6
e. Trunk 7
f. Trunk 10
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8. Extension 1000 dials 9 1800 361 7185. Use the completed programming forms in the
ARS Planner sheet and the ADDITIONAL INFORMATION listed below to answer the
next questions.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
Busy Trunks: 10 12
c. 18003617185
d. 918003617185
e. 15249118
f. 4095249118
g. 14095249118
h. 91409524911
Which trunk will be used for the call made in this scenario?
c. Trunk 7
d. Trunk 8
e. Trunk 9
f. Trunk 10
g. Trunk 11
h. Trunk 12
9. Extension 1800 dials 9 1405 661 7138. Use the completed programming forms in the
ARS Planner sheet and the ADDITIONAL INFORMATION listed below to answer the
next questions.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
c. 914056617138
d. 14056617138
e. 94095249118
f. 5249118
g. 17055249118
h. 03011
Which trunk will be used for the call made in this scenario?
c. Trunk 4
d. Trunk 7
e. Trunk 9
f. Trunk 10
g. Trunk 11
h. Trunk 12
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10. Extension 1900 dials 9 1 776 3865. Use the completed programming forms in the ARS
Planner sheet and the ADDITIONAL INFORMATION listed below to answer the next
questions.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
Busy Trunks: 4 8
c. 17763865
d. 7763865
e. 917763865
f. 3011
g. 5249118
h. 9140
Which trunk will be used for the call made in this scenario?
c. Trunk 4
d. Trunk 5
e. Trunk 9
f. Trunk 10
g. Trunk 11
h. Trunk 12
11. Extension 1700 dials 916184471234. Use the completed programming forms in the ARS
Planner sheet and the ADDITIONAL INFORMATION listed below to answer the next
questions.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
Busy Trunks: 4 8
c. 96184471234
d. 16184471234
e. 6184471234
f. 4471234
g. 3011
h. 84471234
Which trunk will be used for the call made in this scenarion
c. Trunk 7
d. Trunk 8
e. Trunk 9
f. Trunk 10
g. Trunk 11
h. Trunk 12
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