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Oil Cooled Distribution Xmer Instruction Manual
Oil Cooled Distribution Xmer Instruction Manual
1. Packing Instructions:
2. Loading Instructions:
Keep the packed transformer on wooden pallet & tight it properly
to avoid damage in transit.
Use proper 4 Nos. lifting lug & loading sleeves for loading of
transformer.
3. Unloading Instructions
During loading & unloading use crane for it & jobs must be in
vertical position at the time of unloading in order to minimize the
chances of damage or any kind of leakage.
Contents:
I General
III Handling
IV Installation
V Commissioning
VII Trouble-shooting
I General
Distribution transformers are getting larger in their capacity to meet increasing power
demand, so emergency or unexpected power outages due to transformer trouble cause
serious loss of production as well as inconvenience. It is therefore essential to assure
trouble-free performance by a well-planned maintenance program. Daily or other regular
periodical inspections will result in the detection of abnormal conditions in transformers and
parts before they cause any more serious trouble. A regular program of inspection should
be established and vigorously implemented for the preventive maintenance of distribution
transformers. This manual describes inspection & maintenance methods to keep Danish
transformers in good condition.
Pls refer to 1st sheet for guidelines for packing, loading and unloading.
While receiving the transformers, please check if any transport damage occurred. A
case of damage needs to be reported including digital pictures immediately to
the manufacturer and to insurance.
III Installation
The following list is not exhaustive of the points to take care of Installation:
Consider relevant documents such as GTP and Drawings
The packaging and transportation materials should be removed and the
transformer should be cleaned.
Move the transformer to its place of location.
Also the load per surface needs to be able to carry the weight of the
transformer (weight = see rating plate).
The place for the transformer also needs a ventilation system. This system
needs to be able to dissipate the thermal energy generated by load and no
load losses
A couple of transformer parts might have been packed separately for
transportation, like OTI, WTI, Plug-in bushing connectors, etc. Remove the
packing materials and mount them.
Correct installation of the transformer depends on its location, the visibility of the control
apparatus, the accessibility of the valves and the simplicity of the connections to the mains.
The site, together with the cooling surface of the transformer, provides for efficient cooling.
The following conditions should be met:
(a) Keep the temperature of the transformer as low as possible.
(b) Prevent the stagnation of hot air above the transformer
This means, for distribution transformers in buildings or in metal sub-stations, that:
- Fresh air, preferably from outside, should be provided to give sufficient air
circulation.
- There should be certain minimum free space above and around the transformer
IV Commissioning
The following list is not exhaustive:
Check if all the bolts are tight.
In case a forced cooling system needs to be used, check if the fan motors are
working and if the fan rotates into the right direction.
If necessary adjust the tap position
Working on transformer or in adjacencies only if transformer is off-circuit and
grounded.
Check Connection and control of the earthing conductors.
Megger test to verify that HV to LV and HV or LV to earth resistances are
correct.
Maintenance
The following is a list of routine checks and periodic checks that should be made on
the Oil cooled Transformers:
Oil level in Read the indication of the oil-level If the oil level is abnormal, adjust it
transformer gauge on the transformer or according to the instructions.
(See Note) conservator.
Oil leaks Check visually for oil leaks from the If oil is leaking from a gasket, tighten
thermometer oil-gauge, flanges, pipes, the bolts or replace the gasket.
transformer tank, etc.,
In the case of oil leaks from welded
parts, apply adhesive material or weld
the leaking part on again.
Abnormal Abnormal or unusual noise should be When any supporters, pipes and other
noise and carefully listened for. parts are vibrating due to loose bolts,
vibration Abnormal vibration can be checked tighten them with a wrench.
comparatively easily by hand.
Appearance
Bolt Connection Confirm tightness of bolts When any loose bolts are found,
tighten them with a wrench.
Discoloration Check visually that all connections are When any connections show signs of
normal, without any discoloration due having been hot, clean and tighten
to local heating. bolts and nuts.
Dust Inspect visually for dust, especially on Clean away dust if it threatens to
radiators. reduce the cooling capacity of
radiators.
Rust Inspect visually for rust, especially on
radiators. Repainting is recommended once every
five years. Anti-rust and final coats of
paint should be applied after rubbing
off rust and old paint.
NOTE: The oil level will vary in accordance with the temperature of the transformer.
The oil level must not be allowed to fall below the specified level even when
the transformer is not being operated in cold weather.
above
Inspection of Every 6 months Check the discoloration of If more than 2/3rd of the
breather silica gel in the breather silica gel have turned
due to moisture in pink, dry out or replace
breathed air it.
Inspection of Annually
thermometer -- --
Paint Repainting should be done once every First clean the surface to be painted
five years.
Gaskets Expected operating life is at least ten Replace with new gaskets if serious oil
(Cork- years. leaks occur from any gasket.
neoprene)
VI Troubleshooting
As mentioned previously, the primary objective of maintenance is to locate slow
deterioration before they become serious and to minimize the losses caused by failures.
Possible slow deterioration that may lead to failures include the following:
(a) Transformers are generally designed and manufactured to be sufficiently sturdy both
mechanically and thermally. However, if mechanical shocks are frequently applied to
them, even small distortion may build up to such an extent that turn or layer
insulation breakdown or other winding faults may occur.
(b) Short-circuit current flows continuously, causing local heating, if a defect appears in
the core insulation, that causes a magnetic flux short circuit. When local heating
occurs, the local insulation further deteriorates, rapidly leading to serious trouble.
The slow deterioration and eventual failures mentioned above can be detected
through routine inspection and periodic inspection
Failures can be detected by means of abnormal smell, abnormal noise, and changes
in the electrical characteristics of the insulating oil and the insulation resistance of
the transformer itself.
High Period required to reach the maximum temperature and ambient temperature
temperature rise Load factor or type of load.
Connection diagram of bank and internal connection tap voltage
Arrangement of bank and cooling.
Temperatures of other transformers connected to the same bank.
Burned coil Date and time of burning, Installation site, Period of use (Immediately after
start of operation, or the total operation period).
Cause of failure : Overload
Lightning
Short circuiting (internal or external)
Others
Colour of transformer oil
Operation of protective devices (primary and secondary)
Noise Operating conditions (overload, normal load, No load, dielectric strength test)
Continuous noise, intermittent noise, hums, metallic noise, electric discharge
noise.
Surrounding noise or surrounding conditions, installation sites.
Tap voltage and applied voltage.
Excitation failure Electrical continuities of high and low voltage windings (if possible, include the
measured resistance values)
Excitation failure either during trial or in-service operation.
Whether voltage tap within transformer has been changed or not.
Connection diagram of the bank.
Whenever you need further technical advice for failures of the kinds detailed above,
you are requested to give us the information prescribed in Appendix II, with a
complete report.
Electrical test and De-energize the transformer by circuit breakers and line
remedial work switches
Ground the line terminals of the transformer.
After inspection Make sure all foreign materials have been completely removed
before closing manhole and energizing.
Remove the grounding wires on the line terminals of the
transformer.
NOTE: When test and remedial work must be carried out under live conditions
for any special reasons, pay careful attention to the live parts to
protect yourself against electrical shock: and oversight will probably
be fatal.
APPENDIX II
Technical information to be sent to the manufacturer
Whenever you need technical advice for any failures of parts and/or a transformer
itself you are kindly requested to let us know the following technical information:
1. Name of the power station or sub station where the transformer is in service.
2. Serial number and rating of the transformer in trouble
3. Name and type of the parts in trouble.
4. Detailed explanation in case of more severe troubles.
a. Duration and amperes of over current
b. Over voltage and / or surge applied to the transformer
c. Protective relays in operation
d. Load conditions (Voltage, current and power factor)
5. Any other information available about the trouble.
Your cooperation is requested in providing the necessary accurate and detailed
information rapidly, without which quick and appropriate actions for recovery will
be impossible.