Relatiile lui Viete polinom de grad 3

b
x1 x2 x3 a

c
Fie polinomul f ax3 bx 2 cx d , Relatiile lui Viete sunt: x1 x2 x1 x3 x2 x3
a
d
x1 x2 x3 a

1. Pentru polinomul f x 3 5x 2 4x 4 coeficientii sunt : a = 1, b = 5, c = -4, d = -4

b
x1 x2 x3 a 5

c
Relatiile lui Viete sunt: x1 x2 x1 x3 x2 x3 4
a
d
x1 x2 x3 a 4

1 1 1
Calculati: a) suma radacinilor b) x12 x22 x32 ? ; c) ? d) x13 x23 x33 ? e) x14 x24 x34 ?
x1 x 2 x3
x1 x 2 x3
f) x3 x1 x 2 =? g) Calculati 1 x1 1 x2 1 x3 ;
x 2 x3 x1
h) Aratati ca f are cel putin o radacina reala in intervalul (1,2).

b
a) suma radacinilor = x1 x2 x3 = -5
a
b) x12 x22 x32 x1 x 2 x3 2x1 x2 x1 x3 x 2 x3 S 2 2 P (5) 2 2(4) 25 8 33
2

x2 x3
1 1 1 1 x1x3 1 x1x2 1 x2 x3 x1 x3 x1 x2 4
c) 1 Am adus la acelasi numitor
x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3 4

d) x13 x23 x33 ? Scriu relatia de 3 ori, inlocuiesc intai cu x1 , apoi cu x 2 , x3 ( scriu direct sistemul 2)

x 3 5 x 2 4 x 4 0 x13 5 x12 4 x1 4 0
3 3
x 5 x 4 x 4 0 , x2 5 x2 4 x2 4 0 ; adun relatiile de sus in jos
2 2

3 3
x 5 x 4 x 4 0 x3 5 x3 4 x3 4 0
2 2

x13 x23 x33 5 x12 x22 x32 4 x1 x2 x3 12 0

x13 x23 x33 5 33 4 5 12 0 x13 x23 x33 5 33 4 5 12 173

e) Inmultesc relatia data cu un x , pentru a obtine x 4

x 3 5 x 2 4 x 4 0 x x 4 5x 3 4 x 2 4 x 0 . Acum scriu relatia de 3 ori, ca la punctul d)

 x1 x2 x3
f) x3 x1 x2 x13 x23 x33 x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3 x1 x 2 x3 173 4 4 4 185
x2 x3 x1

g) Metoda 1. Inmultim parantezele : 1 x1 1 x2 1 x3 = 1 x1 x2 x1 x2 1 x3

1 x1 x2 x1 x2 x3 x1 x3 x1 x3 x1 x2 x3 1 ( x1 x2 x3 ) ( x1 x2 x1 x3 x1 x3 ) x1 x2 x3 =
= 1 (-5) 4 (- 4) = 1 + 5 4 + 4 = 6.

Metoda 2. Stim ca polinomul f se descompune sub forma f = x x1 x x2 x x3 .

Deci, daca calculez f(1), obtinem relatia ceruta, 1 x1 1 x2 1 x3
1 x1 1 x2 1 x3 f (1) 13 5 12 4 1 4 1 5 4 4 6 8 2

h) Proprietate: daca f (a) f (b) 0 , atunci f are cel putin o radacina reala in intervalul (a,b).
f(1)= - 2
f(2) = 6 . Verifica proprietatea de mai sus.

Relatiile lui Viete polinom de grad 4

Fie polinomul f ax 4 bx3 cx 2 dx e ,

b
x1 x 2 x3 x 4 a

x x x x x x x x x x x x c
1 2 1 3 1 4 2 3 2 4 3 4
a
Relatiile lui Viete sunt:
x x x x x x x x x x x x d
1 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 3 4
a
e
x1 x 2 x3 x 4
a

2. Pentru polinomul f x 4 3x 2 5x 1 coeficientii sunt : a = 1, b = 0, c = 3, d = 5, e= -1

OBS!!!! Lipseste termenul de grad 3, deci coeficientul lui trebuie sa fie 0, adica b=0.

b
x1 x 2 x3 x 4 a 0

x x x x x x x x x x x x c 3
1 2 1 3 1 4 2 3 2 4 3 4
a
Relatiile lui Viete sunt:
x x x x x x x x x x x x d 5
1 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 3 4
a
e
x1 x 2 x3 x 4 1
a

1 1 1 1
Calculati: a) suma radacinilor ; b) x12 x22 x32 x42 ? ; c) ?
x1 x 2 x3 x 4
d) Calculati 2 x1 2 x2 2 x3 2 x4 ;
e) Aratati ca f are cel putin o radacina reala in intervalul (0,1).
f) Aratati ca f nu are toate radacinile reale.
 b
a) x1 x2 x3 x4 0
a
b) x12 x22 x32 x42 x1 x2 x3 x4 2x1 x2 x1 x3 x1 x4 x2 x3 x2 x4 x3 x4 S 2 2 P 02 2 3 6
2

5
x 2 x3 x 4 ) x1 x3 x 4 ) x1 x 2 x 4 ) x1 x 2 x3 )
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x2 x3 x4 xxx xx x xx x
c) 1 3 4 1 2 4 1 2 3 = =5
x1 x 2 x3 x 4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 1

d) 2 x1 2 x2 2 x3 2 x4 f (2) 24 3 22 5 2 1 16 12 10 1 37

e) f(0) = -1; f(1) = 8 . Cum f (0) f (1) 0 , f are cel putin o radacina reala in intervalul (0,1).

f) cum x12 x22 x32 x42 -6 < 0, f nu poate avea toate radacinile reale