COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR BUSINESS

KOMAR UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION TO
NETWORKS
Azhi A. Faraj
 Topics
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1. Uses of computer networks

2. Network Hardware
3. Network Software Some of the overall
issues well be dealing
4. Reference Models with in this course.
5. Example Networks
6. Network Standardization

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 A Computer Network
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Communication Link

A collection of computers interconnected by communication links

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 1.1 Uses of Computer Networks
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Business Applications
Home Applications
Mobile Users
Social Issues

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 Networking Impacts in Our Daily Lives
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Networks support the way we learn.

Networks support the way we communicate.

Networks support the way we work.

Networks support the way we play.

 Business Applications
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Companies have a great number of computers

Monitor productions, keep track of inventories,

do the payroll

Those computers may have worked in isolation

from the others, but at some point,
management may have decided to connect
them to be able to distribute information
throughout the company.

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 1st goal: Resource Sharing
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The goal is to make all programs, equipment, and

especially data available to anyone on the network
without regard to the physical location of the resource
and the user.

Equipment
Printers, Scanners, CD-Burners
Information
Customer records, Product information ,inventories,
financial statements, tax information

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 Client machine and Server machine
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Data

A network with two clients and one server.

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 Client/Server model
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The C/S model is widely used and forms the basis

of much network usage. The most popular
realization is that of a Web application.

The client/server model involves requests and replies.

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 2nd goal: A Computer network to do with
people
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A second goal of setting up a computer

network has to do with people rather than
information or even computers.
A computer network can provide a powerful
communication medium among employees.
Email
VoIP
Videoconferencing
Cooperate with other to work: desktop sharing

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 3rd goal: e-Commerce
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A third goal for many companies is doing

business electronically with other companies,
especially suppliers and customers.
e-Commerce
B2B: Business to business.
B2C: Business to consumer.
C2C: Consumer to consumer.

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 Peer to Peer
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 P2P - Peer to Peer
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In peer-to-peer system there is no fixed division into clients and servers.

 1.2 Network Hardware
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Taxonomy of Networks
Personal Networks
Local Area Networks
Wide Area Networks
Wireless Networks
 Network Topologies

refers to the arrangement or physical layout of computers, cables,

and other components on the network.

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Classification by scale.
 PAN (Personal area networks)
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Bluetooth ( IEEE 802.15 )

 Local Area Networks
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A LAN is a privately owned network that

operates with in and nearby a single
building like a home, office or factory.

LANs are widely used to connect

personal computers and consumer
electronics to let them share resources
and exchange information.
 Wireless and wired LANs
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Wireless and wired LANs.

(a) 802.11. (b) Switched Ethernet.
 WLAN (Wireless LAN)
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Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11 )

 Wired LAN
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Wired LANs charactoristics

Use UTP, optical fibers
Are restricted in size
Run at speeds of 10Mbps to 10Gbps

Low delay
Make very few errors

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 Ethernet: IEEE802.3
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Ethernet is the most common type of wired LAN

Switched Ethernet
Each computer speaks the Ethernet protocol and
connects to a box called a switch with a point-to-point
link.
A switch has multiple ports, each of which can
connect to one computer.
The job of the switch is to relay packets between
computers that are attached to it, using the address in
each packet to determine which computer to send it
to.
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 Expand and divide a LAN
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Expand a LAN to make it larger

Switches can be plugged into each other
using their ports
Divide one larger physical LAN into
smaller logical LANs.
VLAN(virtual LAN)
Each switch port is tagged with a color, the switch
then forwards packets so that computers attached to
the same color ports are separated from the others.

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 Classic LAN Topologies
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Two broadcast networks

(a) Bus (IEEE 802.3, Ethernet)
(b) Ring (IEEE 802.5, Token Ring)
 Metropolitan Area Networks
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MAN covers a city

A metropolitan area network based on cable TV.

 Wireless MAN
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WiMax IEEE 802.16

 Wide Area Networks
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A WAN spans a large geographical area,

often a country or continent.

WAN that connects three branch offices in Australia