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41566-INCEMIC Full Paper PDF
41566-INCEMIC Full Paper PDF
41566-INCEMIC Full Paper PDF
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Shakthi Prasad D., Chandrasekaran K. and Gururaj S. Punekar
National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal
Karnataka, India 575-025
Abstract Lightning electromagnetic (EM) fields Many analytical functions are proposed in the
for two base current functions, for different channel literature to represent the channel base lightning
heights over a perfect ground are computed. Typical current. Prominent amongst them are:
subsequent return stroke (12 kA peak and 40 kA/s
maximum time derivative) channel base current
a. Double-Exponential function [3]
obtaiQHG XVLQJ +HLGOHUV DQG 1&%& 1HZ &KDQQHO
Base Current) functions are employed in field
E+HLGOHUVIXQFWLRQ [4]
calculation. EM fields are computed as a function of c. New Channel Base Current (NCBC) function [5]
radial distance and height of the lightning channel.
The engineering return stroke model namely MTLE Double-Exponential function (DEXP) function is
(Modified Transmission Line with Exponential given by Bruce and Golde [3]. Though the function
current decay) is adopted to simulate the fields. The is simple, it gives an unrealistic convex wave front
results are computed for typical channel height of indicated by a high value of current steepness at
2.5, 5 and 8 km with the observation at radial t =0+. +HLGOHUV function proposed by the Heidler,
distance of 5 km away from the lightning channel. It could overcome the problem associated with DEXP
shows that the NCBC function performs equally well
as it can reproduce more realistic concave wave
when FRPSDUHG ZLWK +HLGOHUV IXQFWLRQ $ W\SLFDO
dunk in the tail portion of the far field wave pattern
front with zero current steepness at t = 0+. IEC
is observed in both the cases which is attributed to 62305-1 [6] has adopted this function for channel
the finite length of the lightning channel. base current representation. This function although
has some advantages, it is not time integrable.
Index TermsEM fields, +HLGOHUVV IXQFWLRQ Graphical means of REWDLQLQJ WKH +HLGOHUV
Lightning, NCBC function. function parameters can be found in [4]. Recent
addition to this group of functions to represent
I. INTRODUCTION channel base current is the New Channel Base
Current (NCBC) function [7]-[10]. NCBC is a time
Knowledge about the lightning phenomenon and normalized function hence the adjustment of peak
its effects become important in designing a proper current and time to peak current are straight
protection system for the electric and electronic forward. Also it gives the realistic concave
equipments. EM fields generated by the lightning wavefront. Provision is also available in the
current which couples with power system function to adjust it for the given maximum time
equipments and induce the overvoltage in it, are the rate of change of current , Application
possible cause for their failure. Thus many research of NCBC in representing the channel-base currents
activities are centered around the indirect effects of given in the IEC 62305-1 [6] is clearly
lightning. Proper modeling of lightning could help demonstrated in [5]. Because of its flexibility in
in estimating possible damages due to it. Detailed adjustment of parameters for desired wave-shape,
issues on modeling of lightning return strokes can NCBC function has shown some promising results.
be found in the literature [1], [2]. As discussed in The present work focuses on comparison of EM
[1], engineering model is the one which is widely fields due to typical lightning subsequent strokes
used in lightning return stroke modeling because of using +HLGOHUVDQG1&%&IXQFWLRQEDVHG07/(
its simplicity. The engineering model begins by models with channel height as the parameter.
defining a proper mathematical function which will
account for the spatial and temporal variation of the II. MODELLING
current through the lightning channel.
A. Return stroke current model
A typical lightning subsequent return stroke (peak
where,
are the function parameters,
are the weighing coefficients such that
is the normalized time
variable and is the chosen set of expressions in
the wave-tail portion.
The function parameters to produce the required
subsequent return current waveshape is presented in which r,,z are the cylindrical coordinates of the
in the Table I. It can be seen from the NCBC observation point, R is the distance between the
function definition (4) that, parameter adjustment dipole and the observation point
of the NCBC function is much easier for a given , is the dipole current, c is
current quantities like Charge (), Peak
IV. SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Fig. 6. Vertical electric field components at 5 km
DZD\IURPWKHOLJKWQLQJFKDQQHOLQ+HLGOHUVIXQFWLRQ The authors would like to acknowledge the
based computation. Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, National Institute of Technology
Karnataka and MHRD India, for the support.
From the computed EM field results following
observations are made.
1. Computed fields from +HLGOHUV DV ZHOO DV REFERENCES
the NCBC function are identical. Thus the
[1]. 9$5DNRYDQG0$8PDQReview and evaluation
performance of NCBC is equally good when
of lightning return stroke models including some aspects of
FRPSDUHGWRWKH+HLGOHUVIXQFWLRQ their application, ,((( 7UDQV (OHFWURPDJQ &RPSDW YRO
2. For the case and case , a clear dunk is 40, no. 4, pp. 403-426, Nov. 1998.
found in the tail portion of the vertical [2]. 9HUQRQ &RRUD\ Mathematical modelling of return
electric field as well as the azimuthal strokes in The Lightning Flash, V. Cooray, Ed. London,
U.K.: IET, pp. 306-368, 2008.
magnetic field pattern, which is not seen for [3]. & ( 5 %UXFH DQG 5 + *ROGH The lightning
the case of c. It is to be noted that, for case , discharge- Inst. Electr. Eng., vol. 88, pp. 487-505, 1941.
KHLJKW RI WKH OLJKWQLQJ FKDQQHO + LV >@)+HLGOHU-0&YHWLFDQG%96WDQLFCalculation of
lightning current parameters,,(((7UDQV3RZHU'HOLYHU\