UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

PHOTOTO

LNB 40102

TECHNICAL REPORT

MOHD FIRDAUS AL MUSANNA BIN AHMAD

56211215237
LO2

BACHELOR IN NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND SHIPBUILDING

JULY 2017
 CAD/CAM APPLICATION AND CNC MACHINING & OPERATION RELATED TO
MARINE AND SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRIES.
Mohd Firdaus Al Musanna Bin Ahmad1
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology,
firdausalmusanna@gmail.com

Abstract- The now day many company or industries need to increase their quality, reduce cost
and time for the project especially in marine industries based on the computer application and
design stages. This paper review the CAD/CAM applications and CNC machining & operations
which relate to marine industries and shipbuilding industries. This review focus on types of
CNC machining, operation of CNC machining and benefits of the CAD/CAM applications and
CNC machining especially in marine industries.
Keywords- CAD/CAM; CNC; Application; Shipbuilding; Marine

I. INTRODUCTION

In shipbuilding industries, which is from design process until construction process requires some
innovative solution to reduce cost, increase efficiency and need support during construction the
ship. Shipbuilding industries especially in ship design, experience with application of numerical
simulation techniques benefit us to compete challenging requisites.
According Haresh Khemani (2008) the combined CAD/CAM is the technology with using
computers to perform product designing and manufacturing operations. In the earlier days the
CAD and CAM were considered to be two different technologies independent of each other,
however, now there has been greater integration of CAD and CAM. All the products that have to
be then manufactured, have to be designed first and they are sent for manufacturing started from
Designing of the product, Making the drawings, Production planning and scheduling and
Manufacturing the product. The above CAD/CAM process shows how important CAD and CAM
are to each other. Both the applications support and complement each other to design and
manufacture the product in better way and in shortest possible time.
According Deirdre Sheehan (2012) CNC machines are automated milling devices that make
industrial components without direct human assistance. They use coded instructions that are sent
to an internal computer, which allows factories to fabricate parts accurately and quickly. With
CNC machining, three-dimensional cutting tasks can be accomplished in a single set of prompts.
 II. SHIPBUILDING TREND OF CAD/CAM AND CNC APPLICATION

Todays shipyards have competitive pressures to get it done right and get it done fast. CAD/CAM
tools help them meet their goals. Although much work remains to be completed before the ship
can be handed over to its new owners, reaching this stage of the construction project has been an
incredible journey. Many complex challenges will have been met and issues resolved. They must
respond competitively by bringing new, innovative designs to the market, faster, cheaper, and
better than ever before.
From these challenges, some new technology for CAD/CAM such as PRO/ENGINEER
shipbuilding solution was created. These modules will allow the user to design in an assembly-
centric design environment, creating fully parametric/modifiable 3D structural components.
Based on the engineers design intent, change propagation can be managed throughout all of the
design modules. The routed systems are specification driven and incorporate natural routing
within the context of the overall 3D assembly. These modules, combined with the existing
Pro/ENGINEER simulation (CAE) and manufacturing (CAM) environment tools, provide the user
a single, complete design solution.

Figure 1: Example of CAD/CAM Software

Types of CNC Machining In Shipbuilding Industries.
According web engineer (2015) Understanding Different Types of CNC Machines there are
many different types of CNC machines available today, which are used to make a variety of
machine components in several manufacturing industries. There have some basic types of CNC
machines that are commonly used in shipbuilding industries.
1. CNC Mill
CNC mills are capable of running on programs comprised of number- and letter-based
prompts, which guide pieces across various distances. The programming employed for a
mill machine could be based on either G-code or some unique language developed by a
manufacturing team. Basic mills consist of a three-axis system (X, Y and Z), though most
newer mills can accommodate three additional axes.

2. Lathes
In lathe machines, pieces are cut in a circular direction with indexable tools. With CNC
technology, the cuts employed by lathes are carried out with precision and high velocity.
CNC lathes are used to produce complex designs that wouldnt be possible on manually
run versions of the machine. Overall, the control functions of CNC-run mills and lathes are
similar. As with the former, lathes can be directed by G-code or unique proprietary code.
However, most CNC lathes consist of two axes X and Z.

3. Plasma Cutters
In a plasma cutter, material is cut with a plasma torch. The process is foremost applied to
metal materials but can also be employed on other surfaces. In order to produce the speed
and heat necessary to cut metal, plasma is generated through a combination of compressed-
air gas and electrical arcs.
 4. Water Jet Cutters
In CNC machining, water jets are tools that cut hard materials, such as granite and metal,
with high-pressure applications of water. In some cases, the water is mixed with sand or
some other strong substance. Factory machine parts are often shaped through this process.
Water jets are employed as a cooler alternative for materials that are unable to bear the
heat-intensive processes of other CNC machines.

5. Electric Discharge Machines

Electric-discharge machining (EDM) alternately referred to as die sinking and spark
machining is a process that molds work pieces into particular shapes with electrical
sparks. With EDM, current discharges occur between two electrodes, and this removes
sections of a given work piece.

Operation of CNC Machine

In CNC system a good computer is used to make all the basic functions program stored in the
computer memory. The system directs commands to servo drives to drive the servo motor & other
output devices like relays, solenoids etc. to initiate the operations such as motor starting &
stopping, coolant on & off, tool changing, pallet changing etc. and other miscellaneous functions.
Once the system gives, it becomes necessary to ensure that the particular function has been
completed. This is done by Feed Back Devices. Continuous feedback device like linear scale,
encoder, resolver etc. are used as a position feedback of motor. Some sensors like proximity
switch, limit switch, pressure switch, flow switch and float switch etc. are used as feedback devices
to monitor the miscellaneous operations. Thus all operations of CNC machine are monitored
continuously with appropriate feedback devices. So that CNC system is called as Closed Loop
system. In case of failure in any failure feedback, the system generates a Fault Message.
Benefits of CAD/CAM and CNC Machining In Shipbuilding Industry
CAD/CAM application and CNC machines offer multiple benefits and this is the reason they are
more popular than conventional method.
1. Reduce cost
This technologies make the whole process more efficient, which reduces wastage of raw
material. CNC machines require fewer operators in comparison to conventional NC
machines, which reduce the labor cost.

2. Improved automation
This technologies are best suited for mass production because of their highly efficient
working. These machines produce the same result every time; if an error or discrepancy is
encountered in a product, the operation is stopped automatically which reduces raw
material wastage.

3. High flexibility
CNC machines are operated through computer programs; therefore, they are highly
flexible. Changes can be made easily in these programs, which make updating CNC
machines easier with minimal costs.

4. Reduced Chances of Errors

CNC machines are automated and run by computerized programs which reduce the chances
of human error. Also, these machines come with inbuilt safety devices which reduce the
chance of operator errors.

5. Uninterrupted Operation
CNC machines can be operated for 24 hours a day; you can use these machines
continuously with turning them off. If proper and regular checks are performed, these
machines can be used for years and years.

III. CONCLUSION
For conclusion, CAD/CAM application and CNC machining very important now days for
industries especially in shipbuilding to increase efficiency, reduce cost, reduce time and more
safety. Most shipbuilding companies such as japan, china, korea and Europe using this technology
to increased their output.
 IV. REFERENCES

[1] Autodesk CAM fundamental of CNC Machining A practical guide for beginners 2014
[2] Shipbuilding Design and Manufacturing Solutions for the New Millennium.
http://www.cadinfo.net/s6-mechanical-engineering/c46-marine.
[3] Web engineer, Understanding Different Types of CNC Machines. May 2015,
http://futureeng.com.au/profile/future_eng/
[4] Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing by Mikell P. Groover and Emory W. Zimmers
[5] www.koike.com/shipbuilding-offshore
 Universiti Kuala Lumpur MIMET
NAME: _____________________________________________ TOTAL MARKS:
Marine Construction and Maintenance Technology
(MCMT) Section ID. NO: _____________________________________________
___/ 100%
GROUP NO: _________________________________________
LNB 40102 CAM TECHNOLOGY

RUBRIC TECHNICAL REPORT

(1) (2) (3) (4)

No. Criteria
Poor
1. Introduction Very little background
information provided or
information is incorrect
2. Results Very incomplete or incorrect
interpretation of trends and
comparison of data
indicating a lack of
understanding of results
3. Conclusions Conclusions missing or
missing the important points
4. Spelling, grammar, Pattern of ungrammatical
sentence structure writing; There are so many
errors that meaning is
obscured. The reader is
confused and stops reading
5. Appearance and Sections out of order, too
formatting much handwritten copy,
sloppy formatting
Fair
Some introductory
information, but still missing
some major points
Some of the results have been
correctly interpreted and
discussed; partial but
incomplete understanding of
results is still evident
Conclusions regarding major
points are drawn, but many
are misstated, indicating a lack
of understanding
Several grammatical errors;
The writing has many errors,
and the reader is distracted by
them
Sections in order, contains the
minimum allowable amount of
handwritten copy, formatting
is rough but readable
Good
Introduction is nearly
complete, missing some
minor points
Almost all of the results have
been correctly interpreted
and discussed, only minor
improvements are needed
All important conclusions
have been drawn, could be
better stated
A few grammatical errors;
There are occasional errors,
but they don't represent a
major distraction or obscure
meaning
All sections in order,
formatting generally good
but could still be improved
Score Weightage Total
Excellent
Introduction complete and
well-written; provides all
5
necessary background
principles for the experiment
All important trends and
data comparisons have been
interpreted correctly and
5
discussed, good
understanding of results is
conveyed
All important conclusions
have been clearly made,
5
student shows good
understanding
Essentially free of
grammatical errors; The
writing is free or almost free 5
of errors
All sections in order, well-
formatted, very readable
5
TOTAL: /100

COMMENTS:

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