10 chc nng hu ch ca

Router Wireless thng b

b qua
MP , 5 NM TRC
Bnh lun0Chia s3

Chu kh cu hnh Router Wifi s gip ch trong rt nhiu vic nh tng

cht lng kt ni, bo mt...

Khi lm vic vi cc router wireless, phn ln ngi dng ch

mun thit lp cho xong kt ni ri vt . Nhiu ngi trong
chng ta coi thit b ny n gin ch l mt cng c to kt
ni mng khng dy cho cc thit b khc trong nh. Tuy nhin,
nhng ai chu kh b thm mt cht cng sc tm hiu v cu
hnh, router Wifi c th hu dng cho rt nhiu vic khc na.
V d nh ci thin cht lng kt ni, tng cng bo mt v
cho php truy cp iu khin t xa t cc thit b khc trong
nh hoc cng mng ni b c nh.

Nhng ai b tin sm router wireless chc hn sc ci

t v s dng cc chc nng c bn hoc bt buc nh m
ha, thit lp kt ni. Hin nay, phn ln cc thit b khng dy
h tr dng m ha tn hiu khng dy cao cp nht WPA2,
cn ngi dng u khn ngoan chuyn hn sang
chun m ha ny thay cho WEP. Thc t, cc router wifi i
mi cht dng nh Cisco Linksys EA4500 u s dng WPA2
lm cu hnh mc nh, v vy ngi dng khng phi bn tm
nhiu. D sao th khi chn mua router, bn vn nn ch xem
sn phm c h tr WPA2 khng.

Mt s chc nng khc thng c s dng l tng la v

cc chnh sch qun l tr nh (parental control). Cc router i
mi u c sn h thng tng la ring bo v ngi dng
khi cc him ha t Internet. Cc thit lp qun l vic s
dng Internet ca tr em ngy cng c cc hng sn xut
ti u v n gin ha ngi dng bnh dn nht cng c
th s dng, gip bo v con tr khi cc ni dung khng lnh
mnh trn mi trng Web.

Nhng chc nng ni trn l nhng thnh phn in hnh v c

th ni l quan trng nht trong router wifi. Tuy nhin cc chc
nng khc t c bit n hn - cng c th tr nn hu ch
khng km nu bit s dng ng cch. Trong bi ny chng ta
s cng im qua 10 chc nng nh vy.

Channel Width rng bng tn

Hy th hnh dung d liu c truyn trong mng khng dy

nh xe c chy trn ng cao tc. ng cng rng cng cho
php nhiu xe lu thng. Tuy nhin cng c nhiu xe trn cng
mt con ng th t l tai nn cng cao. C ch hot ng ca
vic iu chnh rng bng tn cng tng t. Thay i
rng bng tn l thay i s lng bng tn c th s dng cho
vic truyn d liu. rng bng tn c th c thay i cho
c di 2,4 v 5GHz, vi cc ty chn 20MHz, 40MHz v thm
ch ln ti 60MHz trn cc router h tr chun 802.11ac mi
nht.

Vi cu hnh mc nh, nhiu router s dng rng bng tn

20MHz cho di 2,4GHz. Truyn ti d liu trong mng khng
dy s dng cu hnh ny d nhin l khng hiu qu bng vic
s dng cu hnh 40 hay 60MHz, nhng ch 20MHz hot
ng tt vi cc thit b khng dy i c v thng c tm
ph sng rng hn.

Thc t phn ln router wifi c cu hnh mc nh l Auto (20

hoc 40MHz) : cho php thit b t quyt nh rng ty
theo trng thi s dng. Nu ngi dng mun ci thin cht
lng kt ni phc v nhng nhu cu nh gaming hay stream
videos, ng thi s hu router h tr chun 802.11n vi kh
nng lm vic vi 2 di tn ng thi (dual band), phng n
ti u s l cu hnh di 5GHz ch s dng rng bng tn
40MHz. ng thi cng cn bo m rng tt c cc thit b s
dng cho vic stream video hay gaming c h tr chun
802.11n, di 5GHz, rng bng tn 40MHz v quan trng
nht l cc thit b ch giao tip vi di 5GHz. Ch rng cu
hnh ny cho ph sng km hn mt cht, nhng d sao th
cng t ai mun stream video ra nhng ni qu xa nh tn...
ngoi sn hay trn sn thng c. D nhin trong trng hp
cn thit v iu kin kinh t cho php, ch mt ch repeater l
qu gii quyt yu im nho nh ny.

Thc t th hin nay cha c thit b u cui no h tr

802.11ac ht. Tuy nhin nu trong tng lai bn c mua mt
thit b nh vy th mi bc thit lp vn hon ton tng t:
ci t thit b u cui ca bn kt ni vi di WLAN 5GHz
v cu hnh rng bng tn cho di ny trn router l 60MHz.
MAC Filtering b lc a ch MAC

a ch MAC a ch c nht ca mi card mng l mt trong

nhng cng c tt nht qun l kt ni. tng cng bo
mt cho h thng mng khng dy ca bn, vic u tin cn
ngh n l chn cu hnh ph hp cho b lc a ch MAC.

B lc ny l mt trong nhng chc nng tiu chun ca cc

router wireless. C ch lm vic cng khng c g qu phc
tp: ngn chn mt s thit b truy cp vo mng hoc(v) ch
cho php nhng thit b c ch nh tin hnh truy cp.

bt u s dng, ta cn khi ng chc nng ny trong

giao din qun l ca router. Sau t danh sch a ch MAC
ca nhng thit b ang kt ni hoc c gng kt ni vi h
thng mng khng dy ca bn, chn ra nhng i tng cn
cho vo black list hoc(v) nhng thit b c php truy cp.
Cc bc c th v giao din c th khc bit ty theo hng
sn xut v mu router, nhng vic thit lp b lc MAC mt
cch hp l l rt quan trng. Ch : c th xem a ch MAC
ca hu ht thit b u cui trn chnh thit b , trong
trng hp bn mun t nhp MAC ca mt thit b cha tin
hnh kt ni vo b lc.
Window: run > cmd > g ipconfig /all > enter.Nhn vo a
ch MAC ca card mng wireless.
OS X: xem trc tip MAC trong Network Preferences
Linux: terminal > ifconfig -a .
Cc thit b di dng smartphone-tablet : ty theo mu my v
h iu hnh. Mt s hin th MAC trc tip trong cc ci t
kt ni khng dy. Mt s mu khc cn ti v cc ng dng
hin th thng tin kt ni mng hoc thng tin h thng
xem.

QoS (Quality of Service)

QoS l chc nng gip tng cht lng kt ni cho mt s nhu

cu hoc ng dng c th nh cc ng dng stream video,
game, VoIP. Phn ln cc router c sn mt dng QoS no ,
mt s nh sn xut cn thit b mng cn bn ring cc phin
bn router c ci t QoS cao cp.
Khi bt chc nng QoS, phn ln cc router c ty chn tp
trung dnh phn bng thng cho cc ng dng v dng kt ni
c u tin cao hn ( u tin thng c ci t sn 1
phn v cho php ngi dng ty chnh,thm/sa/xa ). Trong
hnh nh v d pha trn, Warcraft c t u tin mc
high; cng c ngha router s u i dnh phn trong bng
thng cho cc kt ni ra/vo ng dng Warcraft(gim lag
khi dota chng hn), cc ng dng c u tin thp hn s
phi ch phn nu nh lng kt ni hin ti vt qu mc gii
hn ca bng thng mng nh bn. Cc ng dng VoIP thng
c t u tin cao nht bo m cht lng hi thoi.

QoS cao cp trn mt s router thm ch cho php tin hnh

nhng cch qun l kt ni phc tp. Phn ny genk s gii
thiu chi tit hn trong mt bi vit ring bit. Nhn chung, s
dng QoS i hi mt cht cng sc th nghim v kinh
nghim, nhng cng ng th nu nh bn gp nhiu vn
vi cht lng kt ni khng dy hin ti trong nh.

H tr Wifi Multimedia (WMM)

WMM l mt dng QoS t ng c tch hp sn trong hu ht

cc router m bo cc ng dng a phng tin truyn ti
hnh nh v m thanh mt cch hiu qu nht. Thng thi i
vi WMM, ty chn duy nht cho ngi dng l tt hoc bt.
Bt WMM khng phi lc no cng ci thin tri nghim trn
cc ng dng a phng tin. Thm ch i lc bt WMM cn
lm mi vic t i, c bit l nu QoS c cu hnh th
cng sn. D sao th tt/bt WMM xem kh nng thay i
cht lng truyn ti hnh nh v m thanh n u cng
chng mt mt g.
Frame Burst

Trong phn ny, chng ta tm hiu n mt chc nng c i

cht. nguy him. Trong cc thit b in t, bao gi cng c
mt s phn cu hnh c nh sn xut khuyn co l khng
dnh cho dn nghip d, hoc t nht l khng khuyn khch
cc vc s m vo. Trn cc router wireless, ty my vo cc
cu hnh cao cp i lc c th lm hng hoc ngt hn tn
hiu. Tuy nhin vn c mt s ni nu c cu hnh ng cch
c th s tng ng k cht lng kt ni, v Frame Burst l
mt trong nhng chc nng ny.

Khi bt Frame Burst, cc thit b khng dy s phi truyn ti

d liu tc cao nht c th. C nhiu router vn mc nh
bt sn Frame Burst, v thng th cc ty chn cng ging
nh WMM ch gi gn trong vic bt tt. Ty theo mu my v
tnh trng kt ni, ngi dng cn th s dng vi Frame Burst
trng thi bt v tt so snh hiu nng. Tuy trn l thuyt
Frame Burst s tng tc , nhng c kh nhiu trng hp
chc nng ny lm kt ni tr nn chp chn.

Cc cu hnh nng cao

Trn phn ln cc router wireless lun tn ti mt mc cu hnh
nng cao. Nh ni, cc cu hnh ny khng phi ni ai cng
c th ty my vo. Trong phn ln trng hp, ngi dng
c khuyn co khng nn thay i cc thng s trong y
tr khi khng cn la chn no khc ci thin cc vn
nh mt kt ni hay tc ra b. y thng l nhng thng
s nh ngha cch gi tin c x l trong mng. Mt s thng
s c th hiu chnh li i cht l Beacon Interval : i thnh
50 thay cho mc nh 100, Framentation Threshold: i thnh
2306 thay cho mc nh thng l 2346 v RTS Threshold
2307. Tt nht nn ghi li cc thng s mc nh ca NSX nu
pht hin khng c nt Restore Default phng trc trc
trc khi thay i.

Dynamic DNS (DDNS) : DNS ng

DDNS l mt chc nng kh ph bin trong cc router wireless
hin nay. Khi s dng DDNS, ngi dng c th gn IP public
ng ca router ni ring v mng nh mnh ni chung cho
mt tn min. Nu bn ang ngh Lm g c chuyn n gin
nh vy! th bn ng, ngoi vic bt DDNS trn router
wireless nh bn, phn vic quan trng nht phi k n l
ng k dch v DDNS vi mt nh cung cp tn min c h tr
chc nng ny.

Thng th gii doanh nghip tm trung tr ln khng vic g

phi s dng IP ng, v vy dch v DDNS thng do cc nh
cung cp DNS trung gian trin khai v cng ch nhm n
nhm khch hng c kinh t eo hp hn.Ngoi vic c nhiu
dch v cho trial di v gi r, rt nhiu dch v DNS trung gian
min ph ny c h tr DDNS tin li hn cho ngi s dng
vi nhu cu bnh dn.C th k n DynDNS, No-IP,
DNSdynamic hay VN c dotDNS (pavietnam) v freeDNS.
Nghe c v phc tp nhng thc ra vic ng k mt tn min
min ph hin nay khng cn qu xa l v kh khn, vic bn
cn lm ch l xem ni mnh ng k c h tr DDNS
khng v (d nhin) l kim tra xem router c h tr DDNS
khng. Cc cu hnh cng kh n gin xoay quanh vic khai
bo trin khai DDNS trn interface no ca router. Mt khi mi
th u vo y, vic truy cp iu khin router t xa khi
bn vng nh hoc truy cp website, file server nho nh bn t
ci t nh s tr nn d dng hn rt nhiu.

Backup and Restore Sao lu v khi phc

i vi nhiu ngi,nh ra vic sao lu d liu c nhn kh,

ng ni g n vic sao lu cu hnh router. Tuy nhin sau khi
b ra cng sc cu hnh router cho ph hp nhu cu s
dng v t c cht lng kt ni va , khng c l do g
bn khng sao lu cc thit lp ny li. Hu ht cc router hin
nay c chc nng sao lu v khi phc cu hnh, thng l ch
bng vi c nhp chut. Cn ch rng thao tc sao lu ny
khng phi phc v vic sa cha hng hc, m l t
li cc thng s trong trng hp bn buc phi reset router v
trng thi ban u v d nh trong trng hp qun mt
khu. D nhin nu thit b hng v bn quyt nh mua mt
chic khc y ht, bn cng c th tn dng li cc sao lu ny
ca mnh. Cc file sao lu thng gn nh v c lu trn
cng bn c th sao chp/di chuyn ty thch v vy ng
ngn ngi sao lu ngay khi thy cn.

VPN Pass Through

 bao gi bn gp kh khn khi kt ni vi mng cng ty qua
VPN khi ngi nh? l lc chng ta cn n VPN Pass
Through. Cn phn bit chc nng ny vi VPN( client hoc
server) trn cc thit b cao cp hoc thit b chuyn dng cho
doanh nghip.

VPN Pass Through l mt chc nng bnh dn hn trn cc

router thng thng. Khi bt chc nng ny, mi kt ni VPN
n mng ca bn s c thng qua. Ngi dng c th ty
chnh xem nn m ca cho giao thc VPN no: IPSec, PPTP hay
L2TP.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

NAT l k thut thay i thng tin ngun v ch n ca gi tin
gi i trong mng. Trong router khng dy cho nhu cu bnh
dn, NAT thng c s dng chuyn thng tin ngun gi
tin t a ch IP LAN trong mng nh hoc cng ty bn thnh
a ch IP Public ISP cp cho bn trc khi gi i.

Nh vy, trn hu ht cc router bn mua v NAT s c bt

mc nh. Tuy nhin cn lu rng nu trong nh s dng hai
router wireless tr ln, mt chic thc hin vic x l kt ni ra
bn ngoi v nhng chic cn li ch ng vai tr bridge-
repeater th ch nn router kt ni trc tip ra Internet thc
hin NAT. Nu chy 2 ln NAT, d c th khng mt hn kt ni
nhng rt nhiu kh nng s xy ra xung t ngun & ch gi
tin, gy mt d liu v qu trnh gi-nhn li khc phc mt
mt s nh hng rt ln n cht lng ng truyn.
trnh xy ra trc trc tt nht nn tt NAT trncc router ng
vai tr bridge-repeater.