National University

551 MF Jhocson Street Sampaloc, Manila

College of Engineering

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in the Circuit 3 Laboratory

Short Circuit Analysis of a Four Wire Balance Wye

Submitted by:

Cruz, Joshua David

Encomienda, Garrette Jayson L.

Perez, Dan John

Submitted to:

Engr. Danlor Alorsabes

October 10, 2017

 I. Background of the Study

In star connection, there is four wire, three wires are phase wire and fourth is neutral which
is taken from the star point. Star connection is preferred for long distance power
transmission because it is having the neutral point. In this we need to come to the concept
of balanced and unbalanced current in power system.When equal current will flow through
all the three phases, then it is called as balanced current. In this case, during balanced
condition there will be no current flowing through the neutral line and hence there is no use
of the neutral terminal. The star connection is shown below- star connection, the line
voltage is 3 times of phase voltage. Line voltage is the voltage between two phases in three
phase circuit and phase voltage is the voltage between one phase to the neutral line. And
the current is same for both line and phase. It is shown as expression below
. IPhase = ILine. Short Circuit analysis is required to
ensure that existing and new equipment ratings are adequate to withstand the available
short circuit energy available at each point in the electrical system. A Short Circuit Analysis
will help to ensure that personnel and equipment are protected by establishing proper
interrupting ratings of protective devices (circuit breaker and fuses). If an electrical fault
exceeds the interrupting rating of the protective device, the consequences can be
devastating. It can be a serious threat to human life and is capable of causing injury,
extensive equipment damage, and costly downtime.
Phase to neutral fault (One or two phase)
This type of fault brings the zero-sequence impedance Z into play. Except when rotating
machines are involved (reduced zero-sequence impedance), the short circuit current Isc is
less than of three phase fault.
Calculation of Isc may be necessary, depending on the neutral system (system earthing
arrangement); in view of defining the setting thresholds for the zero-sequence or earth fault
protection device.
Star or Wye (Y) Connection In this method of interconnection, the similar* ends say, star
ends of three coils (it couldbe finishing ends also) are joined together at point N as shown
in Fig. 19.10 (a). The point N is known as star point or neutral point. The three conductors
meeting at pointN are replaced by a single conductor known as neutral conductor as shown
in Fig. (b). Suchan interconnected system is known as four-wire, 3-phase system and is
diagrammatically shown in Fig. 19.10 (b). If this three-phase voltage system is applied across
a balanced symmetrical load, the neutral wire will be carrying three currents which are
exactly equal in magnitude but are 120 out of phase with each other. Hence, their vector
sum is zero. i.e. IR + IY + IB = 0 ... vectorially Fig. 19.10 The neutral wire, in that case,may be
omitted although its retention is useful for supplying lighting loads at low voltages
(Ex.19.22). The p.d. between any terminal (or line) and neutral (or star) point gives the
phase or starvoltage. But the p.d. between any two lines gives the line-to-line voltage or
simply line voltage.
I. Problem Statement

What is the difference between the phase to neutral short circuit current and phase

current of a four wire balance wye circuit?

What happen to the four wire balance wye when one load is shorted?

II. Specific Objectives

To be able to determine the phase to neutral short circuit current of a four wire

balance wye circuit.

To be able to differentiate the phase to neutral shorted current to the phase current of a

four wire balance wye.

To be able to determine what happen to the four wire balance wye when one load is

shorted.

III. Materials to be Used

Lab Volt

(3) Multimeter

IV. Schematic Diagram

V. Methodology

This research aims to know the difference of phase current in a phase to neutral

shorted and not shorted four wire balance wye circuit To be able to get that, we

researchers want to measure the phase to neutral short circuit current. We will

differentiate phase to neutral short circuit current to the phase current of a four

wire balance wye circuit, using digital multimeter we will measure the phase to

neutral current.
 Block Diagram
Start

Check the
availability of
materials

Refer to the
respective
schematic
diagram

Shorted Four wire Four wire balanced

balanced Wye Read the Wye circuit
circuit. procedures

The phase 1 to The line current of

neutral current will line 1will measure
measure from from supply of 10
supply of 10V. volts.

The phase 1 to The current at line 1

neutral current were were recorded.
recorded.

The data we gathered will

use to compare the phase
current of shorted and not
shorted balanced wye
circuit.

End
VI. Procedures

Procedure
Connecting the short circuit three phase balance four wire wye.
1.Refer to schematic diagram of short circuit three phase balance four wire wye.
2.Connect the line 1,2 and 3 voltage to resistor load 1,2 and 3.
3. Join the resistor load 1 to resistor load 2.
4. Conjugate resistor load 2 to resistor load 3..

Measuring the current at phase to neutral using mutimeter.

Connecting the not short circuit three phase balance four wire wye.
1.Refer to schematic diagram of short circuit three phase balance four wire wye.
2.Connect the line 1,2 and 3 voltage to resisto load 1,2 and 3.
3. Join the resistor load 1 to resistor load 2.
4. Conjugate resistor load 2 to resistor load 3.

Measuring the current at

1.Connect the multimeter across with the line 1 to measure the current.
2.Record the current at line 1.
3. Connect the multimeter across with the line 3 to measure the current.
4.Record the current at line 2.
5. Connect the multimeter across with the line 3 to measure the current.
6.Record the current at line 3.

Connect the wye in not short circuited

VII.