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Research On Protection Using One-End Current Based On Improved Recursive Wavelet Transform in Four-Terminal HVDC System
Research On Protection Using One-End Current Based On Improved Recursive Wavelet Transform in Four-Terminal HVDC System
AbstractIn this paper, by installing a filter link in the converter transmission system, the operation of multi-
station of a multi terminal direct current (MTDC) system and
analyzing its impedance characteristics output, it illustrates that
terminal HVDC system is more flexible and more
the current measured by the shunt on the HVDC line would be economical. Furthermore, it can achieve multi-
different when fault occurs on the line or not. The filter is made power supply and multi-placement power [2].
of a smoothing reactor and HVDC filters. According to the
current difference, new protection principle is proposed. In
At present, traveling wave protection is used as
addition, the identification of fault pole can be implemented only the main protection, while differential under-
using one-end current signal when a fault occurs. The frequency voltage protection, current differential protection
current signal is extracted using improved recursive wavelet
transform (IRWT) in order to meet the rapidity requirements of
and low voltage protection are used as backup
protection. Historical data are used by this method with fast protection [3-7]. Traveling wave protection has
recursive algorithm to ensure that the information is no many advantages such as fast operation, less
redundancy. Simulation results show that internal and external
fault can be identified, and the fault pole can be found using one-
susceptible to transient resistances and long-term
end fault data. Compared with traditional protection methods, influence of distributed capacitances. However, it
the presented method has high reliability and appropriate still has disadvantages such as lacking
sensitivity. The research results of the paper have great
engineering practical value. It can replace the existing traveling
mathematical tools to represent traveling wave, no
wave protection as the main protection of multi-terminal HVDC universally applicable protection principle and
transmission lines. being easily inuenced by noise, depending on the
simulation results to set the threshold value [4]-[7].
KeywordsMulti-terminal direct current (MTDC); Relay A new boundary protection principle for HVDC
protection; Improved recursive wavelet transform (IRWT);
Specific frequency
transmission lines is proposed based on boundary
characteristics [8]-[10]. The method is reliable and
I. INTRODUCTION can distinguish faults of lines from lightning
Considering the fact that energy distribution and interference. However, high-frequency components
the level of economic development are not balanced from 10Hz to 50 kHz are needed in this method,
in China, HVDC has played an important role in the causing inconvenience in sampling and calculation.
strategy of West to East, the national network and In addition, the method is affected by lightning
laid a good foundation for the major regional and interference and the needed energy signal is lower
national asynchronous unified networking due to its [11]-[12]. Therefore, it is necessary to further study
advantages such as long distance transmission, new principle of relay protection to improve the
lower losses and large capacity [1]. Multi-terminal safety of HVDC transmission lines.
HVDC system contains three or more converter Wavelet transform is a tool of mathematical
stations. Compared with the double terminal HVDC analysis and it is the original signal filtering process
Lp
shunt2
The structure of a four-terminal HVDC system is u1
shunt1
voltage
C1
L1
C1
L1
u2
voltage
AC divider2
shown in Figure 1. side divider1
C2 L2 C2 L2
Lp Lp Lp Lp
f3 f2 f4 f5 Rectifier
bridge
f1 C3 L3
L3 C3
DC filters
74
Smoothing
i reactor
Smoothing
reactor The characteristics of fault current at the DC
Lp
u C1 C1
DC
transmission
line
C1
L1
C1
L1
Lp
filters resonant frequency can be used to identify
L1 L1
C 2 L2 C
fault location, according to the analysis above.
L2 C2 L2 C2 L2
Zin 2
Therefore, when selecting a specific frequency
C3 L3 C3 L3 C3 L3 C3 L3 signal, the resonant frequency component of fault
DC filters
current should be considered preferentially. In order
to improve the reliability criterion [8], protection
Fig. 3 Minimum input impedance circuit when an external fault occurs criterion can be realized using the concept of
According to the definition of the impedance of average energy sum in[13].
DC filter in section A, there is The calculation of the magnitude of the selected
Z3
j L p specific frequency current component measured by
Zin j L p 2
Z3
(4) the shunt2 on the DC side can be implemented
j L p
2 using the absolute value of the integral of a duration
The relation of the modulus impedance and the of data. The length of integral data window is
frequency in (4) is shown in blue solid line in arbitrary.
Figure 5 when a fault occurs beyond the DC line. In
BIdentification of fault pole
Figure 5, the DC filter parameters are derived from
a practical DC project in China. When a unipolar fault occurs on the DC line, the
Smoothing reactor i current of the fault pole can increase sharply. On
Lp C1
L1
C1
L1
HVDC
transmission
u the other hand, the current of non-fault pole can
C2 L2 L2
line
also rise due to electromagnetic coupling effect.
C 2
Z in However, coupling current of the non-fault pole
C3 L3 C3 L3
does not exceed a certain threshold. Criterion of
DC filters fault pole identification is as follows:
Fig. 4 Maximum input impedance circuit when an internal fault occurs 1 N
i
N k 1
I set 2 (7)
In order to get the minimum current value
measured by the shunt2, the DC transmission line where k is a series of sampling data from 1, 2,
impedance is ignored and the smoothing reactor at to N , N is the number of sampling points of a 5ms
this end is open-circuited. According to the data window. I set 2 is the threshold value, which
definition of the impedance of DC filter in section equals 0.1 times I n .
A, the maximum impedance is
V. IMPROVED RECURSIVE WAVELET ALGORITHM
Z2
Zin Z3 (5) Fourier analysis method is usually used in power
2
10
6 system to analyze the dynamic and transient signal.
But with the progress of the study, Fourier
Impedance amplitude | Z |
4
10
2
transform has been unable to meet the requirements
10
of describing the signal mutation. Wavelet
0
10
transform provides a powerful tool for processing
10
-2
0 1 2 3 4 5
signal, widely being applied to power system [15].
10 10 10 10 10 10
frequencyHz
VI. SIMULATION ANALYSIS
Fig. 5 Impedance characteristic curves of HVDC filter
A. The simulation results of fault f1 on the DC line
The relation of the modulus impedance and the
frequency in (5) is shown in red dotted line in Results of current and relay protection operation
Figure 5 when a fault occurs on the DC line. when a metallic ground fault occurs 1499km away
from the rectified side are shown in Figure 6.
IV. IDENTIFICATION OF FAULT TYPE
A Discrimination of internal and external fault
75
Results of Current Judgement
Pole current/(A) 3000
pole current
In this paper, by analysing the difference of
2500
2000
impedance characteristics resulting from the filter
1500 link made of the smoothing reactor and HVDC
1000
0 50 100 150 filters, it is found that the current measured are
1000 starting current different whether a fault occurs on the HVDC line
Starting current/(A)
threshold value
500
or not. According to the different current, a novel
0
protection principle is proposed, which can be
-500
0 50 100 150 implemented and identify the fault pole only using
The square root of quadratic sum
20
15
the square root of quadratic sum
threshold value
one-end current signal.
10 The proposed method need lower sampling
5 frequency and can be implemented easily using
0
0 50 100 150 hardware with absolute selectivity and high
15
starting element
fault identification component
reliability. The research results of the paper have
great engineering practical value.
Action result
10 action result
5
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0
0 50 100 150 [1] B. R. Andersen and X. Lie, Hybrid HVDC system for power trans-
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700
pole current
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15
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0
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VII. CONCLUSION
76