Mneumonic

1. Cushing syndrome/steroid abuse " (moon face)

(hyperglycemia) (proximal muscle
weakness) (hursutism) (osteoporosis)
(Na retention) (buffalo hump) (striae)
skin (hyperpigmentation) (truncal obesity)
mismens(abnormal menstruation) pressure (HT) RC (renal
stone) immune (immunosuppression) wound healing (poor
wound healing) addict steroid (growth retardation) PU
(peptic ulcer) coag (coagulopathy) (mental disorder)
pancreatitis"

2. Hyperthyroid -

(weight loss)
(exophthalmos/lid lag/lid retraction) (diarrhea)

3. - -, -, -, metacercaria
-

4. Polyneuropathy
motor involvement - "----"
- Porphyria
- Lead poisoning
- Guillan-Barre
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth
- Diphtheria

5.High output failure , wide pulse pressure = Athero heart block

thyrox regur HT anemia Beri Beri 4P
aneurysm AV fistula
Athero = Atherosclerosis
Heart block
Thyrox = Thyrotoxicosis
Regur = Aortic regurgitation
Hypertension
Anemia
Beri Beri
4 P = Pyrexia, Pregnancy, PDA, Paget's disease
Aneurysm
A-V fistula

6. Heart failure: causes of exacerbation *****

A SMITH PEAR:
Anemia
Salt/ Stress/ Stopping meds
MI
Infection/ Ischemia
Thyroid (high/low)
HTN
Pericarditis
Endocarditis (valve disease)
Arrhythmia
Rx (beta blocker, etc)
Precipitating cause of Heart failure
MAMA PIA SHARE*************
Mi
Arrhythmia
Medication NSAIDs steroid TZD direct toxic
cocaine (coronary spasm)
Doxorubicin inderect
Anemia acute compensate
PE Rv strain
Infection IE enterovirus
Acute Rheumatic heart disease valve
Stress ( Takusubo Mi )
Hypertension ( hypertrophic cardiomyopathy )
Alcohol ( cardiac beri beri - b1 thiamine deficiency)
Renal insuff
Electrolyte imba (hypo k,ca,mg,po4 + ***thyroid storm****)
Thyroid storm septic shock

heart pmi,happi temor; HT, anemia/arrhythmia,

pregnancy, PE, infection, thyrotoxicosis, Rx, endocarditis, MI,
overload (Vol), renal insuff.

7. SLE - criteria 4/11 RINDA MA SHOP

R = renal
I = immuno
N = neuro(psychi , epilepsy)
D = discoid lesion
A = ANA
M = Malar rash
A = Arthritis
S = Serositis
H = Hemato
O = Oral ulcer
P = Photosensitivity

8.
= CLUBBING
C = Cirrhosis, Congenital, Cyanotic heart disease, pulmonary AV
shunt
L = Lung abscess, Cystic fibrosis ****COPD ***
U = UC, Crohn's disease
B = Bronchiectasis
B = Bowel disease = Celiac disease, , IPSID
I = Infective endocarditis
N = Neoplasm , mesothelioma
G = GI malabsorption
9. Sign of chronic liver failure
= Parotid gland enlargement
= testicular atophy
= gynecomastia
= spider nevi
= clubbing finger
= splinter hemorrhage
= plamar erythema
10. Renai Fail = Dr.SOAP
D = DM
R = RPGN
S = Scleroderma
O = Obstruction
A = Amyloidosis
P = Polycystic kidney
11.Risk factor for coronary artery disease
HEARTSLOAD
H = HT
E = EKG abnormal
A = activity
R = Relatives ( family history )
T = type A personality
S = smoking
L = lipidemia ldl hdl
O = obesity
A = age
D = dm
12. Infective endocarditis ( not its criteria )
>37.8 c
mur. Murmur
. Anemia
Bleed . Hematuria
. Petichiae or ecchymosis
. Hypersplenism and spleen enlargement
13.HTN in young
2PRCT
P = pheochromocytoma
Primary aldosteronism
R = chronic renal failure
Renal vascular disease
C = coarctation
Cushing's
T = takayasu arteritis
Thyroid (hyper)
14.Rheumatic heart disease
Major criteria
= polyarthritis
= chorea ( syndenham chorea )
= carditis
= subcutaneous nodule
= erythema marginatum
Minor criteria
= fever
= arthralgia
= hx of RHD
Pr = PR prolong ekg ESR ( SR )
= acute protein reaction

diagnosis 2 major 1 major + 2 minor
evidence of strep confirm
15.investigation when septicemia


extern
Cbc
UA
CXR
Hemoculture
16.R over s in v1
R block = RBBB
Clockwise = counter clockwise
. = dextrocardia
. = posterior wall mi
RV. = RVH
. = wolf parkinson white type A RBBB
17.Managment of CHF
LADOTV
L = Lanoxine , digoxin
A = aminophylline
D = diuretics
O = oxygen
T = tournique (rotating)
V = venous blood restriction
manage only congestion
LMNOP
L = lasix
M = morphine (venodilator, afterload )
N = nitrates (venodilator)
O = oxygen
P = position ( sitting up , preload )
18. TIMI risk score for UA/NSTEMI
AMERICA
Age >= 65
Marker
Ekg change ST deviation >=0.5 mm
Risk factor >= 3 cad risk (FHx,HTN,Chol,DM,smoker)
Ischemia (recent < 24 hr )
CAD ( coronary stenosis >= 50%)
Aspirin use in past 7 days
19.precipitaing cause of hepatic encephalopathy
BIGSCALP HABAZOD
B = Blood transfusion
I = Infection
G = Gi bleed
S = sedative drug and tranquilizer h epatic enceph
sleep disturbance
 benzodiazepine hepatic
enceph
C = constipation
A = alkalosis
L = low k
P = high protein diet,Portosystemic shunt
.........
H = hyper / hypo Na
A = azothemia
B = Beta blocker
A = acidosis
Z = zn def
O = oral methionamine
D = decompensated cirrhosis
20.Drug induce pancreatitis
6
= azathioprine
= sulfonamide
= lasix
= tetracycline
= estrogen
= pentamitidine
= valpoic acid
= DDT didanasine
6 = 6-mp
T = thiazide
21.Pancreatitis cause
I get smashed
I = Idiopathic
G = Gall stone
E = ethanol
T = trauma
S = steriods
M = mumps
A = autoimmune disease
S = scorpion sting
H = hypercalcemia/hypertriglyceridemia/hypothermia
E = ERCP
D = drugs
Gallstone , Alcoholic
22.Anion gap acidosis
MUDPILES
M = methanol
U = uremia
D = DKA
P = paraldehyde
I = intoxication ; isoniazid
L = lactic acid ; shock , sepsis , chf , hypoxia , anemia , CO
poisoning , metformin,ischemic bowel , liver failure ,
seizure ,leukemia , inborn errors
E = ethanol/ethylene glycol
S = salicylate , solvent ,starvation ketose
23.Cause of eosinophilia
NACAPA
N = neoplasm hemalologic non hematologic
A = allergy
C = collagen- vascular disease ( churge struas eosinophilic
small vessel vasculitis
Involve heart )
A = asthma
P = parasitic infection
A = adrenal insufficiency
24.indication for hemodialysis
AEIOU
A = acidosis
E = electrolyte imbalance
I = intoxication
O= volume overload
U = uremia
25.warning sign of being cancer
CAUTION
C = change in bowel or bladder habit
A = a sore that does not heal
U = unusual bleeding or discharge
T = thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
I = indigestion or difficult swallowing
O = obvious change in wart or mole
N = nagging cough or hoarseness
Cr.

A Acidosis metabolic acidosis with a pH <7.1

E Electrolytes refractory hyperkalemia with a serum potassium

>6.5 mEq/L or rapidly rising potassium levels; see previous
postfor a review of the causes and management of hyperkalemia

I Intoxications use the mnemonic SLIME to remember the

drugs and toxins that can be removed with dialysis: salicylates,
lithium, isopropanol, methanol, ethylene glycol

O Overload volume overload refractory to diuresis

U Uremia elevated BUN with signs or symptoms of uremia,

including pericarditis, neuropathy, uremic bleeding, or an
otherwise unexplained decline in mental status (uremic
encephalopathy)

Absolute (REMEMBER AEIOU Acidosis; Electrolyte

abnormalities; Intoxicants; Overload; Uraemia)
Hyperkalaemia (refractory to standard measures)
particularly if >6.5mmol/l
Metabolic acidosis
Quoted as pH <7.15 but metabolic acidosis which is refractory to
treatment also merits RRT
Fluid overload
If causing problems or where the complications of diuretic therapy
may be too great a risk or where treatment is not
effective/contraindicated
Uraemia
Symptomatic uraemia (pericarditis, encephalopathy or bleeding
diatheses) or progressive azotemia with milder signs (often range
between 20-40mmol/l can be used as an indication)
Severe electrolyte disturbance
hypermagnesaemia
Severe hypermagnesaemia, characterised by somnolence,
hypocalcaemia, absent deep tendon reflexes, hypotension,
bradycardia and ECG changes, is usually observed at magnesium
levels of 35 mmol/L. In the setting of chronic kidney disease
(CKD) or AKI, this represents an indication for RRT.
Severe hypercalcaemia (>4.5mmol/l not responsive to treatment)
Severe dysnatraemia (<115 or >160mmol/l)
Non acute (CKD)
In a patient with stage IV/V CKD (or stage III but progressing
quickly)
Generally if there is a GFR <10ml/min/1.73m, patients should be
offered RRT (average in UK is 8ml/min/1.73m)
RRT may be used before this to prevent complications
NB If there are no/little complications, the decision not to
commence RRT is not unreasonable- patients often survive a
similar length of time (particularly of importance in the elderly)
Relative and non-renal indications
Intoxications
Hyperthermia (e.g. in malignant neuroleptic syndrome, malignant
hyperthermia and heat stroke)
In critically ill patients, the threshold for RRT is lowered
considerably.