Guia Empresas Verdes

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info

de creacin de
Empresas
Verdes
Editado en marzo de 2010
Autores:
Unin de Profesionales y Trabajadores
Autnomos (UPTA)
Izar Medioambiente S.L.
Director:
Eduardo Abad Sabars
Coordinadora:
Marta Bona Corbella
Produccin:
TEVESCOP
Diseo:
e-markmedia
www.e-markmedia.com
Director de arte:
Ismael Snchez de la Blanca
Responsable de produccin:
Raquel Arroyo Valverde
Ilustraciones:
Miguel ngel Castillo Jaime
Correctora:
Leticia Garrido Plaza

Impreso en papel reciclado


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1 Presentacin

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4 Proceso de creacin de una Empresa Verde

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5 La idea de la empresa

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6 Financiacin y asesoramiento

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7 Eleccin de la forma jurdica

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9 Trmites de puesta en marcha

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13 Bibliografa

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59

www.recicla2.info
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UPTA ESPAA
C/ Ciudad Real, 5 - local
28045 :: Madrid
info.upta@recicla2.info

www.recicla2.info

91 539 81 26

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