Use of Internet

in Libraries and
Information Service Centers

Presented by:
01. Fatema-Tuz-Johora (G. L.) 02. Ishrat Jahan
03. Samina Chowdhury 04. Md. Maidul Islam and
05. A.K.M. Nurul Alam

1
 What is Internet?
• The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before. The
invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented
integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism
for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and
their computers without regard for geographic location. [Leiner et al, 1997 ]
• It is a medium of communication through computer to computer or other supported device. This
communication may be locally or internationally.
• It is the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early1960s who saw great potential value in
allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields.
A fundamental pioneer in the call for a global network, J.C.R. Licklider, articulated the ideas in his January
1960 paper, that: "A network of such [computers], connected to one another by wide-band
communication lines [which provided] the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated
advances in information storage and retrieval and [other] symbiotic functions." [Licklider, 1960]
The internet refers to the global information system that :
► is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the internet protocol (IP) or
its subsequent extensions/follow-ons;
►is able to support communications using the transmission control protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its
subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and
►provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high-level services layered on the
communications and related infrastructure described herein. [Federal Networking Council-FNC, 1995]
The Internet is also a medium for the preservation and storage of information. [IRTPLA, 2004]

2
 History of Internet

• In 1958: Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was created by Department of Defense (DoD).
[netvalley.com, 2006]

• In 1961: Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) assigns a Command and Control
Project to ARPA. [netvalley.com, 2006]

• In October, 1962, Licklider was hired as Director of the newly established IPTO within DARPA, with a
mandate to interconnect the United States Department of Defense's main computers at Cheyenne
Mountain, the Pentagon, and SAC HQ. [History of the Internet - Wikipedia, 2010]

• J.C.R. Licklider of MIT, first proposed a global network of computers in 1962, and moved over to the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in late 1962 to head the work to develop it.
[Howe, 2010]

• In 1965: Lawrence Roberts of MIT connected a Massachusetts computer with a California computer
over dial-up telephone lines. It showed the feasibility of wide area networking, but also showed that the
telephone line's circuit switching was inadequate. Kleinrock's packet switching theory was confirmed.
[Howe, 2010], [Mutula, 2007]

• The first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking was a
series of memos written by J.C.R. Licklider of MIT in August 1962 discussing his "Galactic Network"
concept. He envisioned a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly
access data and programs from any site. [Leiner et al, 1997 ]
 History of Internet
• In late 1966: Roberts went to DARPA to develop the computer network concept and quickly put together
his plan for the "ARPANET", publishing it in 1967. [Leiner et al, 1997 ]

• In August 1968: Roberts and the DARPA funded community had refined the overall structure and
specifications for the ARPANET, an RFQ was released by DARPA for the development of one of the key
components, the packet switches called Interface Message Processors (IMP's). [Leiner et al, 1997 ]

• The RFQ was won in December 1968 by a group headed by Frank Heart at
Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN). [Leiner et al, 1997 ]

• In 1969: Leonard Kleinrock of MIT and later UCLA developed the theory of
packet switching, which was to form the basis of Internet connections. [Mutula,
2007].
BBN delivered an Interface Message Processor (IMP) to UCLA that was
based on a Honeywell DDP 516, and when they turned it on, it just started
running. It was hooked by 50 Kbps circuits to two other sites (SRI and UCSB)
in the four-node network: UCLA, Stanford Research Institute (SRI), UC Santa Len Kleinrock and the first
Barbara (UCSB), and the University of Utah in Salt Lake City [netvalley.com, Interface Message Processor

2006] And ARPANET was brought online [Mutula, 2007].

• In 1971: Stanford, MIT Lincoln Labs, Carnegie-Mellon and Case Western

joined ARPANET [Mutula, 2007].
 History of Internet
• The plan was unprecedented: Kleinrock, a pioneering computer science professor at UCLA, and his small
group of graduate students hoped to log onto the Stanford computer and try to send it some data. They
would start by typing "login," and seeing if the letters appeared on the far-off monitor.
"We set up a telephone connection between us and the guys at SRI…, "
"We typed the L and we asked on the phone,
" Do you see the L?“
"Yes, we see the L," came the response. We typed the O, and we asked,
"Do you see the O.“
"Yes, we see the O.“
Then we typed the G, and the system crashed"... Kleinrock ... said in an interview: [netvalley.com, 2006]

• In 1972: The term ‘internet’ was coined. Ray Tomlison adapts e-mail for ARPANET [Mutula, 2007].

• In 1979: Representatives from DARPA, the National Science Foundation and computer scientiests from
several universities met to determine the feasibility of establishing a computer science department
research network. This meeting led to the eventual establishment of the Computer Science Research
Network (CSNET) [Mutula, 2007].

• In 1980: planned to use TCP/IP by establishing an interconnection between CSNET and

ARPANET [Mutula, 2007].
 History of Internet

• In 1982: TCP/IP becomes widespread as the protocol for internet communications [Mutula, 2007].

• In 1989: The European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) proposes a new protocol for information
distribution based on hypertext. This protocol becomes the World Wide Web in 1991 [Mutula, 2007].

• In 1990: ARPANET is taken out of service [Mutula, 2007].

• In 1993: The graphical browser Mosaic gives the Web protocol its biggest boost. A further boost comes
with the development of Netscape and Internet Explorer as browsers [Mutula, 2007].
History of Internet in Bangladesh

• Internet service in Bangladesh began in June 1996 by an ISP named

Information Services Network Ltd (ISN).

• The Government organization Bangladesh Telephone and Telegraph

Board (BTTB) now sells the facilities to about 10 districts with 154
digital telephone lines.

• Private organization like PROSHIKA, GONONET and others are also

engaged in this service. While there is little formal data of internet
users, business and individuals use the internet regularly.
 Internet Services in general
• There are many services we are enjoying today provided through the internet. Most commonly known of
them are:

► Browsing/surfing
► E-mail
► Chat (text, voice, video)
► Blogs
► Wiki
► E-commerce
► Pod cast
► Searching
► Online shopping
► and many mores
 Internet Services in Libraries
• With the help of internet libraries can provide the following services:

► Acquisition
► Classification
► Reservation
► Current Awareness Service (CAS)
► Reference service
► Serial Control
► Membership Control
► E-record service
► E-readiness
► Electronic publishing
► E-journal service
► OPAC
► Blogs
► Inter Library Loan
► Gatewayes
► Portals
► Search Engine
► Subject directories
► Online databases