=

=
=
=

-
=
=
=

=
-
=
-
+ -
+ =
=
+ + =
/ / +
+ + ( )

+ + -
+ + +
=
-
+ + ( )+
-
=

-
=
=
=
+ =
+ =

= ( )
( )+ =

+ + + + -

( )+ + =

+ +
+ + + -
, + + + =
+ , + + =
+ + UNHCR =
+ + =
+ + - +
( )=
+ + +
=
, ( )+ -

+
=
+ + + +
- - =
=

=
-
, , =

=
=
=
=
+ + -
= - -
=
 =
- .
- ?
=
.
=
?
?

?
?
?

? . . (EPZ) ?

?
?

? -eyed man when I was walking on the road.

Ans: a
? ning cats and dogs, so--?
Ans: make sure you take an umbrella

Ans: Tempest
? World Development Report ?

13 . .
? 24 . . ,
?
? 5 .

IMF ?

-
? (CPU)
?
? . . . (ALU)
IP-V6 ?
?

?
OMR

? ?

Churchyrd? Ans: Earnest Hemingway

Ans: Thomas Gray
?
?

? ?

?
?
?
?

? ?

?
?

? ?

-
? ?
: .
?

? . . (EPZ) ?
 - ,
? ?
- ( )
?
?
- , , , ,, , ,
? -
, , ,

? ?

-
? ?

?
-
" ( ) ?
"
" ,
"
" ( -33/ - ) ,
" "
"
"
" ,
"
"
" ,
"
" ,
( ) "
" ,

: ---
:" "" "
,
" " " " " ", "
" " " "

",
" " " ", , , ,
" " " " ", , ", , ,
" " " "
" "

" "" " _

" " " " ?
" " " "
: :

?
( ),
:
?
:

?
?
( : , )
-
?
?
( : , )
- ,
?
?
 ?
,
?
?
- , -

? ?
(
)

?
,
?
. .
?
( , )
( )
?

?
:

** - -
? ** - -
( ) * -
* - . .
-
* -
?
* -
* -
, ** - - -

? ** - -
, , ** - -
* - -
? * - -
* - - . . .
* - -
* - -
?
* - -

** - -
? ** - -
* - -

? * - -
* - -
( )

* - -
? * - -
* - -
* - -
?
** - -
** - -
? * - -
: * - -
, : , : * - -
* - -
* - -
?

* -
( ) * -
, * -
?
** - -
,
** - -
?
* - -
? * - -
* - - ** - -
* - - ** - -
** - -
* - - ** - -
* - - ** - -
** - -
* - - * -
* - - * - -
* - - * - -
** - -
"
** - -
?
** - -
* -
?
* - -
* - -
** - - ?
** - -
** - - ?
* - -
/ ?
** - -
** - -
- -
* - - / ?
** - -
** - - ?
* - -
* - - ?
* - -
** - -
?
* - -
* - - ?
, , - ,
** - - ?
** - -
* - -
?-

** - - ?
* - -
** - -
* - -
) )

* - - ?
* - -
?
** - - -
** - -
** - - ?
** - - ,
** - -
?
* - - -
* - - ?
* - - -
* - - ?
* - - - /
* - - ?
*** - , , ,
/ , ,
* -
- , - , -
** -
* - ?
* - - ( )
** - - + = , ?
, ,
** - - ?
* - -
-

* - - ?
* - -

* - - ?
** - - , ,
* - - ?
* - -

?
 ? ?

?
, , , ,
?
- , - , , , ,
-
- - , , , , ,
? ?
-
? ?
- ,
? ?
- ,
? - ?
-
? ?
-
- ?
? - ,
?
? -
, ?
, , ? -
?
, , ? -
, ?
? -
?
-
? ?
, -
? , ?
-- ,

? ?
( ) -
? ?
-
? ? ?
- ,
? , ?
-
? , , ?
-
? . ?
-
? ?
-
? ?
-
?
- ( ) ,( )
?
_ _
-
?
?
( - )
-
?
?
-
?
?
- , , , -
?
?
-
?

- -
?
?
-
?

- , , ,
?
?
-
? - , , , , , , ,
- ,
, ?
- , , , , - - , , ,
? ?
- -
? ?
- - , ,
? ?
- -
? ?
- -
? ?
- , , , -
? ?
- -
? ?
- -
? ?
- -
?
- - (repeated) -
, ? ?
- , -
? ?
- , -
, ? ?
- -
? ?
- -
?
- -
? ( ) ( )

- , ( )
? ( )
- , ( )
?
( )
-
( )
?
( )
-
( )
?
- ( )

? - ( )
- - ( )
? - (( )
- - ( )
? - ( )
- - ( )
?
- ( )
- -
( )-
?
- ( )
-
- ( )
?
- - ( )

, ? - ( )
- , - - ( )
?
- _
- ? ( ) -
- " "
? = , = , = , =
- ( ) -
"NIPA MBBS"
?
N= , I=India, P=Pakistan, A=Afghanistan, M=Maldives, B=Bangladesh, B=Bhutan,
- S=Srilanka.
? ( ) -
- " ? "
? = , = , =
- ( ) -
" " : ,
= , = , = ( ) ?
( ) - :
" " ) , ?
= , = , = : ,
( ) ?
- : ( ) ?
- :
-
( ) ?
-
:
-
( ) , ?
-
- :
- ( ) ?
- :
- ( ) ?
- :
- ( ) ?
-Captive Lady :
-
-
( )
-
?
-
- :
- ( ) ?
- :
( ) ?
-Rajmohons :
Wife ) ?
-
:
-
- ( ) ?
- :
- ( ) ?
- :
- ( ) ?
- :
-

- ( ) ?
:
- ( ) ?
:
( ) ?
:
- ( ?
- , , :
(Poet of politics) - - ( ) ? ?
:
( ) ?
-
:
( ) ?
- ,
:
- ( ) ?
- :
- - ( ) ?
- :
( ) ?
- - : : ,
- - ( ) ?

, : : ,
( ) ?
-
: ,
,
( ) ?
:

( ) ?
" "
:
( ) ?
" " "Poet of Politics" ( )
:
" "
( ) ?
( ?
: ,
:
( ) ?
( ) , ?
:
( ) ,
?
:
( ) ?
: : ?
( ) ? ( )
:
( ) ? ? '
: , , , :
. =
( ) ?
. =
:
. =
?
. =
. ( )=
. =
. =
8.
? . ( )
144
?
( - )/ ( / )?
? -
/ : -
? -
. ,
- ( ).
(
((

" "

-
- Unfinished Memoirs.

,
Bangladesh a nibondhito freedom fighters kotojon eder modhey nari freedom fighters kotojon ?
--204929. Women 203 Jon .
:

-
1971 ?
- ,

. -
. - -

. ( ) =
. . ( ) = , , , ,
. . = , , ,
. ( ) = USA
. = USA
,
. ( ) =
" "
?
" "
-
-

. , " "
. --
. -
. -
.
- .
. ( )
-

, , , , , , , ,
- , ,
, , , ,
. - , ,
. . -
. . - , . , "Sincerity of purpose and honesty of purpose".
. . , -
" , "
"
 , "
:
" , " ,
,
"If I am nobody, then why have you invited me? You have no right to insult me.I will prove that
I am somebody. Thank you sir. I will never come to you again".

-
, " "
-
- 7

, ,
5 February , 8 May , 7 Jun
-
, ,
-
-

?
, -
( , ) .
. ,
,
.
. ,

, , ? .
? , .
, , ---- ?
, , , , Provisional Constitution of
? Bangladesh Order 1972
, , ?
, = , ,
,
This may be my last massage,from today Bangladesh is independent.I call upon the people of
Bangladesh wherever you might be and with whatever you have,to resist the army of occupation
to the last.Your fight must go on until the last soldier of Pakistan occupation army is expelled

from the soil of Bangladesh and final victory is achieved.

" " ?
" "

, ,
/
,
-

:
- -

, ,

- ,

:
# _15
=
=
=
=
=

# _16 ALL
A=
L=
L=
D-8

# _17
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ASEAN
# _18 MTV FILM BCS
M= ( )
T= ( )
V= ( )
F= ( )
I= ( )
L= ( )
M= ( )
B= ( )
 C= ( ) ( , , , , ,
S= ( ) :
(Golden Cresent) # _30 ( )
= ( )
# _19 =
= , =
= ,
# _31
=
Golden Ways) #

) ,
# _20 ,
= , ) , ,
= ,
= ) , ,
(Golden Triangle)
) ,
# _21 ) ,
=
= ) ,
=
Golden Village ) ,

) - , ,

) , ,
# _22 (SPAA)( )
) H2O ,
S=Socretice ( )
P=Pleto ( )
) ,
A=Aristritol ( ) A=Alekgender( )
,

# _32
# _23( - - - - , ) #
=
. -( )
=
. -( )
=
. -( ) ( ) ( )
=
. -( ?
=

=
- . -( )
# _24
( BBA ) . -( )
- . - - -( )
- . - (UK FRANCE )
B- . -( )
B- . -( )
A-
- # _33
-
- " "= , &

# _25 # _34

, , , " "= , &

# _35
( , , , , , ,
, , , )
# _26 " "
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
( , , )
- ,
# _27
-
[
" ( )"

( , , , , , , , , , , , , )
# _28 # _36
,

( , , , , , , , )
** :
# _29
** : -
) -
) -
) -
** - -
-
-
-
** : -
) -
) -
) -
-
# _37
-
: -
: -

As Bi Sb Ge Te B Si
: ## -
## " " -
Fr Br Ge Hg Sb ## " " -
: ## " " , " -
## " " -
## -
Ca Na Mg Ag Al
## " " -
:
## -
## "concert for Bangladesh " -
Pb Na Ca K

# _38
. - ( )
# #
. - Microprocessor
** : . -
? ? . -
** : . -
. -
** : . ,

. -
** : . -
. -
- .
. -
. -
** : .
. -
.
. ( - - )
** : . -
. - ,
.
. -
.
. -
.
- .
- . System software Startup disc G
- . -
- .
- .
- .
- .
- . - .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- . -
- . -
- . -
- . - ;
- . - ;
- . -
- .
- . - , ;
 . ; ?- .
.
. - ( );
. - ; ?-
. - ;
. - ; ?-
. ;
. ; ?-
. RAM operating system
. Ok Cancel Close Dialogue Box ; ?-
. DOS, UNIX
. Visual Basic ; ?-
. Visual Basic Project Object- Procedure
. E-mail Top Level Domain (TLD) ?-
64. LAN Ges LAN Topology- BUS, STAR, RING;
. Flash Timeline; ? -Office of Air Intelligence.
. www
. , - ? -Directorate of Neval Intelligence.
.
. Dial up internet connection
) --
.
) --
. Zoom out image ) -
. Gray scale - Threshold ; ) -
. - , , ) -
. Apple Macintosh ; ) -
) -
. -
) - ( )
. - ( )
) -
. -
) -
. - ( )
) -
. (WWW) - ( , )
) -
. - ( , )
) -
. - ( ) ( ),
) -
. - - ( , )
) -
. - ( , )
) - ,
. - ( , )
) OPEC- -
. - - ;
) LDC -
. - - ( );

. ( )- - ( ); ) -
. ( ) - ( ) ) LADY JUSTICE -
. - ( ) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -
. - ) -
. - ) - . %
. - ( , ) ) TPP -
. - ) -
. - ' ' ?
=
( )" " ?
=
?
( ) " " "Comedy of Errors" =
( ) " " "A Pair of Blue Eyes" ' ' - ?
=
( )" " ?
( ) " " =
?
( )" " =
( )" " " " ' ' ?
( )" " =
( ) " " "Divine Comedy" ---
( ) " " (The Child) =
?
=
?- . ?
=
?- ?- ( )

? ,
?- .

?
?- ,

( ) ?- , ?
(
) ?
 ****The former name of WTO==GATT
***GATT stand for===General agreement on Tariffs and trade
?
?-
? UNIMOG ?-
? - Vinton Gray Cerf.
? ?-
?-
(Dhaka Stock Exchange) ? ?-
... ?-
?-
?-
: -
. ?-

: .
: ( ) :

: Nexus Gate Way ( , - .

) -
1. ( )
) - 2.
3. ( )
4.
)
5. ( )
) -
6. ( )
7. ( )
) -
8.
) - 9. ( )
) 10. ( )
11.
) - 12.
) 45.72 13.
) - 14. ( )

**OIC ===
***OIC === ,
)" " ==== _

****OIC ( )===
" " ==== _ _ ***OIC ====- ( )
)" " ==== _ ****OIC ====
" " ==== _ . ***OIC ===
)" " ==== _ _ **** OIC ======
*** OIC , , , ,
" " ==== _ _ ***OIC ==== , .
)" " ====
" " ====
)" " ====
" " ==== _ _
)" " ==== _
" ==== _

--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
World Trade Organization (WTO):
*** (WTO) == ,
*** === ,
*** ==
*** ===
*** ===
*** ===WTO
*** ==
***GATT WTO ==
 " " " " " " "" " " "" "
." " " "" " " " .
# _
" "" "" " " "" "" " " "
" "" " " " " "" " " "" "" " " "
. .#

" " " "" " " "" " " "" " " "
" " " "" " " " .
.#
, , ,

# : , , , , , , , , , , ,

?[ , ]

?[ ]

?[ , , , , ]

?[ , ]

?[ , ]

?[ ]

?[ ]
( )
?[ ]

?[ ]

?[ ]
)
?[ ]

?[ ]

?[ ]

?[ ]

?[ , ]

?[ ]

?[ ]

?[ ]

?[ , ]
)
?[ ]

?[ ]

?[ ]

?[ , ]

?[ ]
# _
.
?[ ]

" " " " " "" " " " " "
 ?[ ]
?[ ]
?[ , ]
?[ ]
?[ ]
?[ ]
?[ ] )
?[ ]
?[ ]

? ?[ ] - - ?[ ]
- -
?[ ] ?[ ]

?[ ] ?[ ]
)
?[ ] ?[ ]
( ), -
?[ ] ?[ ]

?[ , ] ?

?[ ] ?

?[ ] ?

?[ ] ?

?[ ] ?

?[ ] ?
,

?[ ] ?
( )
?[ ] ?

?[ ] ?
-
?[ ] ?
,
?[ ] ?

?[ ] ?

?[ ] ?

( - ) ?[ ] ?
, , ,
? [ , , , ] ?

: ?[ ?
]
?
?[ , , , ] ,
?
?[ ]
( ) ?
? ?[ ] ,
?
?[ , ]
?
?[ ]
- ( ) -
?[ ] ?
 ? ?

? ?

? ?

?
,
? ?

? ?

? ? ?

, ? ?
,
? ?

? ?

? ?
-
? ?
-
?
?
?
?[ ]
?
?
? ( )

?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ?
. ?
?
?
?
?
?
)
?
:
:
?
:
:
? :
:
? :
:
: , , : ,
:
? :
:
? ? :
:
:
?
 : Q. ?
: Ans: ,
: Q. ?
: Ans: ,
: Q. ?
: Ans:
: Q. ?
: Ans:
: Q. ?
: Ans: ( . %)
: Q. ?
: Ans: ( . . .)
: Q. ?
: Ans: ( . . .)
: Q. ?
: Ans: ( )
: Q. ?
: Ans: ( )
: Q. ?
: Ans: ( . .)
: Q. ?
: Ans: ( , . ., . . )
: Q. ?
: Ans: ( . )
: Q.
: Ans: ( . .)
: Q. ?
: Ans: ( %)
: Q. ?
: Ans: ,
: Q.
: ?
: Ans:
: Q. ?
: Ans:
:
:
( )
: - -

: - -
: - ( )
:
-
:
: - -
: - -
: - -
: - -
:
- -
:
: - -
: - -
: - -
: -
:
- -
:
- -
:
: - -
: - -
: - -
: ( )
- -
- -
- - -
Q. ?
- -
Ans: ,
Q. ? - -
Ans: ( , ) - -
Q. ? - -
Ans: , -
Q. ?
- -
Ans: ( , )
Q. ? - - -
Ans: -
Q. ? - - ( )
Ans: , - -
Q. ?
- -
Ans: ,
- -
- ( ) -
- ) -
) "Global Village" "The Medium is the
:
Message" -
- -
( - )
- - ) The Gutenberg : The Making Typographic
- - Man -
- - - ) Understanding Media -
- - /
) -
-
- ) -
- - )
- -
- )
-
- -
) EHR - Electronic Heath Records
-
)
- - -
- ) IT+Entertainment = Xbox
- ) IT+Telecommunication = iPod
- ) IT+Consumer Electronics= Vaio
) -
- - -
- -
- - -
- , - Power System, Actuator,
- Sensor, Manipulation
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
- -
- - -
- - -
- -
- - -
-
- ,
" "
MRP - Manufacturing Resource

) - Planning
) - UAV . .
) GPS - Global Positioning System
- -
) = + +
) ,
- - +
) ICT in Education Program - -
UNESCO -
) - Bioinformatics -
Paulien Hogeweg
) , Bioinformatics - Margaret Oakley
- Dayhaff
) - -
) -
Genetic Engineering
) -
- Jack Williamson l
) - Paul
Berg(1972)
87.5-108.0 Hz
-
) Radio Communication System
(1974)
-
Genetic Engineering Company
) PAL - Phase Alternation by Line
- Genetech(1976)
) - GMO - Genetically Modified
) - Organism
) - ARPANET
( ) -
) ARPANET -

) - Computer Ethics Institute -

) ARPANET TCP/IP -
) NSFNET - -
) ARPANET - Screen Magnification / Screen Reading Software
) - -

) ISOC - - Bandwidth
) Bandwidth - bps
( %) 45-300 bps
) 9600 bps
 - 1 Mbps
. - Cisco
- .
. PC ,
-
- .Office Management- - Tree
- Topology
, . Cloud Computing
- - ( )
- .Cloud Computing -
. -
- (Di .
electric) .Positional
-3
Co-axial Cable 200 Mbps .
Twisted Pair Cable -4 Radix Point
Fiber Optic- Light signal .Bit - Binary Digit
300 .Digital Computer - Bit
MHz - 30 GHz . -
- . "O" : 0 Volt
+0.8 Volt
Geosynchronous Satellite - . "1" : +2 Volt +5
Volt
- .Digital Device - Binary
. . .n 2^n
Bluetooth 10 -100 Meter .BCD Code = Binary Coded Decimal Code
Wi-fi - Wireless Fidelity .ASCII=American Standard Code for
Wi-fi - 54 Mbps Information Interchange
WiMax - .ASCII -
WiMax - Worlwide Interoperabilty ( )
for Microwave Access .ASCII -
- WiMax .EBCDIC=Extended Binary Coded Decimal
WiMax - 75 Mbps Information Code
FDMA = Frequency Division Multiple Access .Unicode Apple and Xerox
CDMA = Code Division Multiple Access Corporation (1991)
- .Unicode - 2 Byte
SIM = Subscriber Identity Module .Unicode 256 ASCII
GSM = Global System for Mobile
Communication .Unicode - ,

GSM - (2^10)
GSM - ( 200 .ASCII - 1 Byte
KHz) . -
GSM -4 ( )
.GSM . - Logical Addition
.GSM 3G .Dual Principle - "and" "OR"
.GSM . Logic
.CDMA Qualcom( ) Function
. 10 .Logic Function -
KHz-1GHz Input
. 24Kbps .Logic Function - Output
.CDMA 3G . -
.CDMA
.Digital Electronic Circuit - Logic Gate
.1G AMPS . Logic Gate - (OR, AND, NOT)
. - (NAND,NOR)
. 2G . - X-OR,X-NOR
.MMS SMS 2G .Encoder 2^n n
.3G
.3G 2MHz .Decoder n 2^n
.3G Mobile
NTT Docomo ( ) .Half Adder Sum Carry
.4G IP .Full Adder Sum Carry
. - -
.4G 3G .Input pulse - Counter
.4G 10Mbps .Web page - HTML
. . -. jpg/.jpeg/.bmp
. - . -.mov/.mpeg/mp4
. - mp3
.PAN .
.PAN -.css
.LAN . - IPV4
.LAN Co-axial Cable .IPV4 - 32bit
. - MAN .IP address Alphanumeric address- DNS
.NIC=Network Interface Card .
.NIC -48 - InterNIC
. . -
.Hub
 .http = hyper text transfer protocol
.URL = Uniform Resource Locator NORTON-
.HTML - -
( ) 1nm=10^(-9) m
.HTML W3C - 0.3nm
. -

. -
.Machine Language(1G)-1945 - -
.Assembly Language(2G)-1950 Wireless -Guglielimo
.High Level Language(3G)-1960 Marconi(1901)
.Very High Level Language(4G)-1970 ASCII-7 3bit
.Natural Language(5G)-1980
. vaSha-1G,2G 4bit
. - ASCII ,
0-3 & 127 = Control Character
32-64 = Special Character
.C Language -
65-96 = Capital Letters & Some Signs
( ) 97-127 = Small Letters & Some Signs
.C++ - Bijarne Stroustrup( ) EBCDIC -
.Visual Basic - 0-9 = 1111
A-Z = 1100,1101,1110
.Java - Sun Micro System Special Signs = 0100,0101,0110,0111
EBCDIC ,
.ALGOL -
.Fortran - ( )
EBCDIC - IBM Mainframe
.Python -
Computer Mini Computer-
( )
Unicode -Unicode Consortium
.4G - Intellect,SQL
.Pseudo Code-
- Muli
.Visual Programming- Event Driven
Component Glass (Soda Boro Silicet, NaOH
.C Language BCPL Silicet etc.)
.Turbo C - Borland Company Real Time Application Data Transfer
.C Header - stdio.h Isochronous
.C - main () Radio Wave Data Transmission Speed
Function 24 Kbps
.ANSI C -4 Wifi -IE
EE 802.11G (Speed-54 Mbps)yhy
.ANCI C - - 47
.ANSI C++ - - 63

. -
.Database Model - E.F.Codd / ,
( )
. Query- Selec Query
.SQL = Structured Query Language
.SQL - IBM( ) . --- ?
.ERP = Enterprise Resource Planning - ( )
. - 2 -
, -
.MIS = Management Information System ( )
- Spam 3. -
CD= Compact Disk , / (
MS Excel Spreadsheet Software )
- 4. -
5. -
- ENIAC 6.
- 7.
8. - (
ROM=Read Only Memory 9.
- 4G 10. - ,
- 11.
MODEM Modulator + ?-
Demodulator - --
UNIX Operating System - --
CPU= Central Processing Unit - -
IC - IBM360
% 12. -
- ( : )
-ADA 13. -
- 14. -
15. -
- 16. -
-
-
Mother of All Virus-CIH -
VIRUS=Vital Information Resources Under 18. -
Seize
- 19. , -
 - , , ( . %)
20. . ?
?- - , , ( . %)
. ?
-
. ?
-
( ) . ?
-
. ?
-
(Intangible)
# ( ):
?
:
?
:
. :
?
.
:
. ?
:
. ?
.
:
?
?
, :
- - ?
- - : -
- % ?( - )
# _ _ -
- - : % , , -
?
-- :
-- ?
-- : ( )
. , ?

>> . %( ) :
? - ?
-- :
? ?
- ( ) :
? ?
- :
?
?
-
: ( )
?
?
-
:
?
- ?

/ ? :
- . , . . . . . ?
. ? :
- ?
?
: , ,
- ( . %)
?
?
:
- ( . %)
?
?
:
-
?
, ?
- :

? ?

- . : . . .

? ?
- :
? -
- , , , -
?
- , , , ( . %) -
. ? -
 - -
- - - .
,
- (2015-16) ?
- - (45 )( 31 )
. 2015-16 ?
-200 l
-
. 2015-16 ?
-
(40 )
- . ?
l
- - . ?
-
-
-
?
-
( ) .
' ' -
( )

- ?
-
-
- :
-
( )
(
) -
:
-
#
-
#
' -
#
# -
-
-
#
-

#
- -
?
. % = ( )
?
. %
? (Japan)

?
, .
.
?
.
,
?

. ,( )
?
. ,
. . ( )

?
( )
? .
, , , , , , ' '
?
=
the slogan of doland Tramp =
Make America, Great America
=
, =
=
?
 ?
?

ICT
ICT . :
ICT ( )
-
2 2016
-
-
--- .
---
---
-
? ( ) :
( ) ?- - '
?- = .
( ) ?- = 1. 37 ( . - )
?- ( ) =
? - . %( - . %)
?- (Og) -
?- - . % - . %
?- - , .
- , ,
(OECD) - ( , ,
)
(OECD) - - . %
( ) ? - - . %
( ) - . ( ) - . %
( ) - - . %

- - . %

- - .

(BIDA ) -

(BIDA ) - ,
- . .
?- - .
-( )- - . % - . %
- .

- - . %
- - . %
- - . %
- ( - - ) . %
(PPP) ,
- , .
( )
- , .
- , .
" " ...
- .
-
-
-
( )
,
EU
- , , ( , , )
,
WHO , ? - . %( : = . %: . %)
- . %
? -
- -
, - ,
( )- . ( )
( - . ( )
? - . ( ) . .
- -
- . .
-
( )-
( )-
- . %( )
- . %
?
 ( )- . ( )
(
-
)( )
- -
- - ,
= ( ) -
= - , -
,(ITLOS)
,(PCA)
*** , , ,
*** .
> .
= ,
=
- - >>
( ) >>
- ( - ' > >
-

> AIT.
?
. ?-
-
. - ?
-
- ( )
, - ( )
. - ( ) ?
. - ( ) ( :) .

. - ,

. - ( )
>> . . .
. -
?
. -
, - : ?
- :
- : ?-
- :

. - :
. - ?
. - :
. : ?-
. - : ,
- : ?
:
?
. % -
. %
- ,
-
- -
) -
- ( )
- ( )
)
) - -
) - ,
) -
- ,
) - -
) - ,
) - ,
)

) . .
) . .
) .
) .
) .
) .
) - ( ) ,
) ( )