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S mt m: ..................

Phch Phn ny l phch

==========================================================

S mt m: ..................

Cu 1: ( 4im)
Cho phn ng: H2 (K) + I2 (K) 2HI (K)
Thc hin phn ng trong bnh kn 0,5lt toC vi 0,2mol H2 v 0,2mol I2 .Khi phn ng t
trng thi cn bng nng ca HI l 0,3mol/lt.
1.1.Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng toC.
1.2..Thm vo cn bng trn 0,1mol H2 th cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu no tnh nng
cc cht trng thi cn bng mi.
1.3..Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau toC.
1 1
HI (K) H2 (K) + I2 (K)
2 2
P N

1.1.Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng toC.

Theo gi thit: [H2] = [I2] = 0,4mol/lt

H2 (K) + I2 (K) 2HI (K)

Trc phn ng: 0,4 (mol/lt) 0,4(mol/lt)
Lc cn bng: 0,25(mol/lt) 0,25 (mol/lt ) 0,3 (mol/lt )

0,3 2
Kcb = 1,44
0,25.0,25

1.2.Nng cc cht trng thi cn bng mi:

Nu thm vo cn bng 0,1mol H2 nng H2 tng cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu
thun.
Khi thm 0,1 mol H2 nng H2 = 0,25 + 0,2 = 0,45mol/lt
Gi x l nng H2 tham gia phn ng t cn bng mi.
H2 (K) + I2 (K) 2HI (K)
Trc phn ng: 0,45 (mol/lt) 0,25(mol/lt) 0,3(mol/lt)
Lc cn bng: 0,45-x (mol/lt ) 0,25-x (mol/lt) 0,3+2x (mol/lt)

(0,3 2 x) 2
Kcb = 1,44 2,56x2 + 2,208x 0,072 = 0 K: 0< x < 0,25
(0,25 x).(0,45 x )
Gii phng trnh ta c : x = 0,03146 nhn ; x/ = -0,89 loi.
Vy :
[H2] = 0,41854 (mol/lt)
[I2] = 0,21854 (mol/lt)
[HI] = 0,36292 (mol/lt)
Tnh Qung Ngi
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Mn: Ho Hc Khi 11
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S mt m: ..................

Phch Phn ny l phch

==========================================================

S mt m: ..................

1.3..Hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau toC.

1 1
HI (K) H2 (K) + I2 (K)
2 2
Gi K/cb l hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
1 1

= H2 I2
/ 2 2 1 1 5
Ta c K cb = = =
HI K cb 1,44 6
Tnh Qung Ngi
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S mt m: ..................

Phch Phn ny l phch

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S mt m: ..................

Cu 2: ( 4im)
Cho A l dung dch CH3COOH 0,2M , B l dung dch CH3COOK 0,2M. Ka = 2.10-5 .
2.1.Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B.
2.2. Tnh pH ca dung dch X to thnh khi trn dung dch A v dung dchB theo t l th tch
bng nhau.
2.3. Cho thm 0,02mol HCl vo 1 lt dung dch X c dung dch Y.Tnh pH ca dung dch Y.
2.4.Nu trn 0,3lt dung dch A vi Vlt dung dch B c dung dch c
pH =4,7 . Xc nh V.
(Cho s dng cc gi tr gn ng)

P N

2.1.Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B.

* pH ca dung dch A:
Phng trnh CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
Gi x l nng H+:
x2
Ka = = 2.10-5 V axit yu x << [CH3COOH]
[CH 3 COOH]d - x
x= K a .C
x = 0,4.10 5 pH = 2,7
* pH ca dung dch B:

CH3COOK = CH3COO- + K+
CH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH + OH-
-
Gi y l nng OH :
Kw 14
Tng t y = K tp .C = C = 10 .0,2 = 10-5
Ka 2.10 5
pOH = 5 pH = 9

2.2. Tnh pH ca dung dch X:

Khi trn A v B theo t l th tch bng nhau ta c dung dch hn hp:
CH3COOH 0,1M v CH3COOK 0,1M.
CH3COOK = CH3COO- + K+
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
+
Gi z l nng H
Gi thit:
z.(0,1 z )
Ka = = 2.10-5 V axit yu nn z << 0,1 z = 2.10-5
(0,1 z )
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pH = 4,7

2.3. pH ca dung dch Y:

Nu thm 0,02mol HCl vo 1 lt dung dch Y ta c:
CH3COO- + H+ CH3COOH
[CH3COOH] = 0,1 + 0,02 = 0,12
[CH3COO-] = 0,1 - 0,02 = 0,08

Ka =
CH COO H = 2.10
3
-
-5
[H+] = 3.10 -5
pH = 4,52.
CH 3 COOH

2.4. Xc nh V.
Khi trn 2 dung dch ta c dung dch hn hp trong .
0,2.0,3
[CH3COOH] = 0,3 V
0,2.V
[CH3COOK] = 0,3 V
Gi t l nng H+
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
0,06 0,2.V
u phn ng: 0,3 V 0,3 V
0,06 0,2.V
Lc cn bng: 0,3 V
-t 0,3 V
+ t t

0,2V
t t
0,3 V 2.10 5
Ka = Gi thit: pH = 4,7 t = 2.10-5
0,06
t
0,3 V
0,2V 0,06
t t 0,2V + 0,3t +Vt = 0,06 0,3t Vt
0,3 V 0,3 V
0,2V + 2Vt = 0,06 0,6t
3(0,01 0,1t )
V= 0,1 t
V axit yu nn t << 0,1 V 0,3lt
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S mt m: ..................

Phch Phn ny l phch

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S mt m: ..................

Cu 3: ( 4im)
3.1. Hn hp X gm Cu2O , FeS2 , Fe v Cu.Cho hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4
long d c cht rn A hn hp kh B v dung dch C. C cn dung dch C c hn hp
mui khan D .Bit cc cht trong A c khi lng bng nhau, trong B c th tch bng nhau v
trong C t l mol 2 mui l 1: 8. Xc nh % khi lng hn hp X.
3.2. Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp Fe v MgCO3 bng dung dch HCl d c hn hp
kh A. Nu cng m gam hn hp trn un vi dung dch H2SO4 thu c hn hp kh B gm
SO2 v CO2. t khi ca B i vi A l 3,6875
Tnh % khi lng hn hp u.
(Cho Fe = 56 ; Cu =64 ; S = 32 ; Mg = 24 ; C = 12 )

P N

3.1.Gi x,y,z,t ln lt l s mol Cu2O , FeS2 , Fe ,Cu trong hn hp.

Phng trnh phn ng:
Cu2O + H2SO4 = CuSO4 + Cu + H2O
x x x
FeS2 + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2S + S
y y y y
Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2
z z z
Cu + H2SO4
t
Theo gi thit v phng trnh phn ng ta c:
Khi lng mS = mCu 32y = 64(x+t) y = 2x + 2t (1)
V H2S = V H2 y = z (2)
1 x 1
T (1) y > x t l mol 2 mui = ch tho vi:
8 yz 8
8x = y +z (3)
T (1) (2) (3) y = z = 4x v t = x
mCu2O = 144x ; mFeS2 = 480x ;
mFe = 224x ; mCu = 64x ; mhh = 912x

%Cu2O = 15,79(%) ; %FeS2 = 52,63(%)

%Fe = 24,56(%) ; %Cu = 7,02(%)

3.2.
Gi x,y l s mol Fe v MgCO3 trong hn hp:
Phng trnh phn ng:
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2
Tnh Qung Ngi
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x x
MgCO3 + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
y y
2Fe + 6H2SO4 = Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
x 1,5x
MgCO3 + H2SO4 = MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
y y
Theo gt v phng trnh phn ng:

96 x 44 y
1,5 x y
dB/A = 2 x 44 y = 3,6875
x y

96x2 + 96xy +44xy +44y2 = 11,0625x2 +243,375xy + 7,375xy + 162,25y2

84,9375x2 - 118,25y2 - 110,75xy = 0
x

Gii c 2
y
x
v 0,69 (loi)
y
%KLFe = 57,14 (%)
%KLMgCO3 = 42,86 (%)
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Cu 4: ( 4im)
. 4.1. Oximen c trong tinh du l hng qu,c cng thc phn t C10H16 c xem nh do 2
phn t izopren kt hp vi nhau.Khi cng mt phn t nc iu kin thch hp ta c
mt dng cu to ca Linalol . Khi hidro ho hon tan Linalol ta c 3,7-dimetyl octanol-3.
Vit cng thc cu to ca Oximen v Linalol.
4.2. Bng thc nghim 300oC ngi ta xc nh t l % cc sn phm mono clo ho
isopentan nh sau:
2-clo-2- metyl butan 22% ; 2-clo-3- metyl butan 33% ; 1-clo-3- metyl butan 15% ;
1-clo-2- metyl butan 30% .Tm kh nng phn ng tng i ca nguyn t hidro cacbon
bc II (rII) v cacbon bc III (rIII) nu kh nng phn ng tng i ca nguyn t hidro
cacbon bc I (rI ) l 1.

P N

4.1.
OH
to/xt
+ H2O

Oximen Linalol

OH OH

+Ni/to
+ 2H2

Linalol 3,7-dimetyl octanol-3.

CH3
4.2. CH3 C -CH2 -CH3 22%
Cl
CH3-CH- CH-CH3 33%
CH3-CH -CH2 CH3 CH3 Cl
CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH2 15%
CH3 Cl
CH2 CH CH2 CH3 30%
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Cl CH3

Theo gi thit: nI = 9 ; nII = 2 ; nIII = 1 ; rI = 1

Ta c:
100.rII .2 100.rIII
a2% = = 33 (1) a3% = = 22 (2)
9 2rII rIII 9 2rII rIII
T (1) v (2) rII = 3,3 , rIII = 4,4
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Phch Phn ny l phch

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Cu 5:(4im)

5.1.1.Hp cht A cha C,H,O c khi lng phn t l 74. Bit A khng phn ng vi Na v
khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH sn phm ch thu c mt cht hu c. Xc nh cu to
ca A. Bit t A thc hin c s sau:
CH3MgCl + A B H2O CH3CHO D H2O Ru sec-butylic.
5.2. Hai cht A,B c cng thc C3H7OCl v C2H4O c c im:
- A c tnh quang hot.
- Khi A phn ng vi CH3MgI c C4H10O khng c tnh quang hot.
B phn ng vi CH3MgI sau thu phn c ru n-propylic.
Xc nh cu to ca A ,B v vit phng trnh phn ng.

P N
5.1.1. t cng thc phn t ca A l CxHyOz.
Theo gi thit ta c : 12x + y + 16z = 74 K x,y,z Z+ v y 2x + 2
Ta chn c cng thc c th c ca A l:
C4H10O , C3H6O2 v C2H2O3 .
Vi s trn ch tho vi CTPT v CT ca A l: C2H2O3
O
H C
O anhidric fomic
H C
O

(HCO)2O + 2NaOH 2HCOONa + H2O

O
H - C H
CH3-MgCl + O CH3 - C O - MgCl (B)
H- C OCOH
O
H
CH3 - C O - MgCl + H2O CH3-CH=O + HCOOH + MgClOH
OCOH

C2H5-MgCl + CH3-CH=O CH3CH2-CH-OMgCl (D)

CH3
CH3CH2-CH-OMgCl + H2O CH3CH2CH-OH + MgClOH
CH3 CH3
Ru sec-butylic.
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5.2.
Cu to ca A : CH3- O- CH CH3
Cl
Cu to ca B : CH2 CH2
O

CH3-MgI + CH3- O- CH CH3 CH3 O CH CH3 + MgICl

Cl CH3

CH3-MgI + CH2 CH2 CH3-CH2-CH2-OMgI

O
CH3-CH2-CH2-OMgI + H2O CH3-CH2-CH2OH + MgIOH