67A
942048
Brittle and semibrittle deformation of synthetic marbles
composed of two phases
Dresen, G; Evans, B
J Geophys Res V98, NB7, July 1993, Pl1921-11933
Conventional triaxial tests were carried out on samples formed
by hot isostatic pressing of fine calcite crystals containing 5-
20% rigid inclusions. Tests were at room temperature, con-
stant strain rate, and pressure 5-300MPa. Resulting micro-
structures were examined using optical and electron
microscopy. The rigid inclusions increase the range of pressure
over which the brittle-ductile transition occurs. In the brittle
field, two-phase aggregates were generally 50MPa weaker than
the pure material. At 5MPa confining pressure, pure materials
fail catastrophically along a single fault, aggregates with 20/'0
inclusions show stable cataclastic flow. Strengths of the two
materials converge at higher pressures in the semibrittle field.
The strengthening effect of the inclusions is attributed to inter-
actions between dispersed particles and crystal defects.
942049
Triaxial testing of naturally cemented carbonate soil
Airey, D W
J Geotech Engng Div ASCE VlI9, N9, Sept 1993, P1379-
1398
Calcarenite soils show irregular mechanical properties with
significant variations over small distances. Samples from the
North West Shelf of Australia were subjected to conventional
triaxial tests. Using these test data, about 10% of the samples
were considered mechanically similar and were selected for
investigation of the shape of the yield locus. Cementation was
estimated using Brazilian tensile tests. An elastic region was
found in which shear modulus is constant and bulk modulus
varies linearly with mean effective stress. Shear modulus and
size of the yield locus increase with increasing cementation,
but volumetric response is little affected.
942050
Competence contrasts in ductile deformation as illustrated
from naturally deformed chert-mudstone layers
Kanagawa, K
J Struct Geol V15, N7, July 1993, P865-885
Quantitative analyses of competence contrast in naturally
deformed rocks were made on a sample of chert-mudstone
layers. The sample contains deformed quartz veins and abun-
dant fossils as strain markers, whose viscosity during deforma-
tion is approximated by that of the chert. Both layer
competence contrasts and matrix-inclusion competence con-
trasts were examined. The former results in strain and cleavage
refraction though the layers, the latter is illustrated by the
difference in strain states between the markers and the matrix.
942051
Brittle-ductile transition in porous sedimentary rocks:
geological implications for accretionary wedge aseismicity
Zhang, J; Davis, D M; Wong, T F
J Struct Geol V15, N7, July 1993, P819-830
A series of triaxial tests was carried out on Berea and Kayenta
sandstones with the aim of mapping the brittle-ductile transi-
tion zone. Both porosity and effective pressure are important
factors controlling the transition. In the brittle field, failure is
by shear localisation on one slip plane and is accompanied by
strain softening. Homogeneous deformation with little or no
hardening is seen in the ductile zone. Implications for aseismic
(ductile) and seismic (brittle) accretionary wedge development
are examined.
942052
Deformation conditions in the northern Subalpine Chain,
France, estimated from deformation modes in coarse-grained
limestone
Ferrill, D A; Groshong, R H
J Struct Geol I,'15, N8, Aug 1993, P995-1006
The deformation and ductility of a single rock type at low
temperatures are principally controlled by confining pressure
and strain magnitude. Published experimental data on coarse
limestone have been studied and a graphical technique devel-
oped to allow deformation mode to be determined using
microstructural point count data. Deformation mode and
strain can be used to infer the confining pressure experienced.
This method has been applied to deduce conditions undergone
by subalpine limestones in France.
942053
Correlating mechanical data with microstructural observations
in deformation experiments on synthetic two-phase aggregates
Bloomfield, J P; Covey-Crump, S J
J Struet Geol II15, N8, Aug 1993, P1007-1019
A simple method to analyse deformation of two phase aggre-
gates is presented and applied to tests on calcite-halite.
Mechanical behaviour of the real material is replaced by phase
volume fraction weighted mechanically equivalent representa-
tion in which each phase is assigned its own single value stress
and strain. The stresses supported by the synthetic aggregate
suggest strong partitioning of deformation within the halite at
all volume fractions, yet analysis of halite strains indicates lit-
tle or no partitioning. These results can be reconciled if the
calcite contiguous volume is considered, rather than actual
volume fraction.
942054
Analysis of rapid shear flows of granular materials by a
kinetic model including frictional losses
Abu-Zaid, S; Ahmadi, G
Powder Teehnol V77, N1, Oct 1993, P7-17
A kinetic model for rapid flow problems of granular materials
is presented. Equations of motion are formulated and solved
using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical scheme. Mean
velocity, fluctuation of kinetic energy, and solid volume frac-
tion profiles are evaluated under a variety of conditions, with
particular examination of the effects of friction coefficient.
Results are consistent with other simulations and available
experimental data.
942055
Weathering and regolith properties at an earthflow site
Trotter, C M
Q J Engng Geol V26, N3, 1993, P163-178
Earthflows occurring in a regolith over calcareous mudrock in
New Zealand have been studied. The same sequence of weath-
ering zones was seen over stable and unstable ground,
although depth of weathering was greater at earthflow loca-
tions. The weathered zones are geotechnically similar to Ful-
lers Earth. Variation in density and moisture content through
the profile can be attributed to variations in extent of stress
relief fissures, augmented by variations in calcite content. If
the effects of calcite alone are removed, depth at which stress
relief fissuring becomes prominent appears to be related to the
zone of basal shear in earth flows. The soil is non-swelling,
despite dominant Ca-smectite mineralogy.