Classification of Matters

Matter is a term used for everything having mass and volume. In this unit we will
deal with types of matters. Pure substance, elements, compounds, mixtures are
subjects of this unit.

1.1 Classification of Matters

1. Pure Matter: Contain only one type of matter and cannot be separated
physically. There are two pure matters, elements and compounds. Iron,
alcohol, salt are examples of pure matters. Example: Pure water alwayshas the
exact same chemicaland physical propertiesunder the same conditions.
Properties of Pure Matters:
They are homogeneous.
They have specific physical properties like boiling point, density or
freezing point.
Temperature during phase change is constant
Now we explain pure substances one by one. Pure substances can also be divided
into 2 categories: elements and compounds .
a) Elements: simplest pure substances made of only one type of atom. Cannot be
separated by any physical OR chemical process. Examples: Carbon, Helium, Gold.
C

b)Co
mpou
nds:
Two or more than two elements come together in specific amounts and form new
matter that we call compound. Properties of compounds are totally different from
elements comprising it. We show compounds with formulas like water H 2O. Ions
or molecules can produce compounds. Examples :

H2O, CuSO4, Salt "NaCl", Ammonia "NH3", Iron III Oxide "Fe2O3", etc.

Properties of Compounds:

All compounds are pure substances

Smallest particle of compound is
molecule including different types
of atoms

2. Mixture: Different two or more than

two types of matter (element,
molecule, compound) are mixed to get
mixture. All matters forming mixture
keep their original properties. They are
not pure matters. We can explain
mixtures under two titles,
 homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.
Homogeneous Mixtures: All parts of mixture show same properties in
homogeneous mixtures. We can call homogeneous mixtures as solutions.
Coke, sea water, natural gas, Salt water, sugar water, air are examples of
homogeneous mixtures.
Heterogeneous Mixtures: Mixtures do not show same uniformity in all
parts of it. In this types of mixtures, you can see different phases of matters.
Water+Sand, milk, blood, soil are some common examples of heterogeneous
mixtures.
1) Emulsion: Heterogeneous mixture including two different liquids. For
example, oil-water, gasoline-water are emulsion examples.
2) Suspension: Heterogeneous mixture produced by one solid and one
liquid matter.Sand-water, naphthalene-water are examples of suspension.
3) Colloids: are heterogeneous mixture type. Solute matters are
homogeneously distributed in solvent however; we can see particles of
solute with naked eye or microscope in colloids but, in solutions we can
not see particles with microscope. Thus; colloids are assumed to be
heterogeneous mixture.

Differences between Compounds and Mixtures

1. Ratio between matters forming compound is constant but ratio between

matters forming mixture is variable.
2. Matters forming compounds loose their properties but matters forming
mixtures preserve their properties.
3. We can decompose compounds with chemical methods but decompose
mixtures with physical methods.