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CSDL Mờ
CSDL Mờ
Abstract: This paper introduces a fuzzy relational m (fuzzy set) c nghin cu v xy dng [1, 3, 7,
database system (FRDB) as a further extension of the 9, 11], nhm m hnh ha cc i tng m thng tin
fuzzy relational data base model proposed by Nguyen v chng m, khng chnh xc khc phc cc hn
Hoa with a full set of basic fuzzy relational algebraic ch ca m hnh CSDL quan h truyn thng. Cc m
operations and a management system that can execute hnh nh vy gi l m hnh c s d liu quan h m
soft queries based on fuzzy set values by the familiar (fuzzy relational data base model).
querying language like SQL. The fuzzy relational C hai cch tip cn chnh biu din d liu m
algebraic operations are defined on the basis of fuzzy trong m hnh CSDL m: (1) biu din gi tr thuc
set operations. The management system is build on the tnh bng cc gi tr tp m trong quan h m [4, 7, 8,
basis of the open source management system SQLite. 9, 12], theo mc thnh vin ( thuc) ca cc
Some properties of the fuzzy relational algebraic b c n trong mc thnh vin ca cc gi tr
operations are also formulated and proven as thuc tnh; (2) biu din gi tr thuc tnh bng cc gi
extensions of the properties of relational algebraic tr n, chnh xc trong quan h m [6, 11], theo ,
operations in the conventional relational data base mc thnh vin ca gi tr thuc tnh c n trong
model. mc thnh vin ca cc b trong cc quan h m.
Keywords: Fuzzy set, fuzzy relation, fuzzy Mc d c nhiu m hnh CSDL quan h m c
relational data base, fuzzy relational algebraic ngh, nhng cha c m hnh no c th biu din
operation, management system. v x l ht mi kha cnh khng r rng v khng
chnh xc v thng tin ca cc i tng trong th gii
I. GII THIU thc. Do , cc m hnh CSDL quan h m vn c
Nh chng ta bit, cc ng dng da trn m tip tc nghin cu v pht trin p ng cc mc
hnh c s d liu (CSDL) quan h truyn thng tiu ng dng khc nhau.
(conventional relational data base) [2], khng biu Gn y, trong [10], chng ti ngh mt m
din v x l c cc i tng m thng tin v hnh CSDL quan h m theo cch tip cn th hai, gi
chng khng chc chn, khng r rng (m). iu l FRDB, biu din v x l thng tin khng chnh
lm hn ch kh nng m hnh ha v gii quyt cc xc bng cc truy vn mm (soft query) da trn l
bi ton p dng trong th gii thc. Chng hn, cc thuyt tp m. Tuy nhin, cc php ton i s quan
ng dng m hnh CSDL truyn thng khng th tr h m nh chiu (projection), tch Descartes v kt
li c truy vn tm tt c bnh nhn tr c tin s (join) cha c nh ngha trn FRDB. Mt h qun
bnh vim thanh qun. Trong tr l mt khi nim tr khi u ca FRDB cng c xy dng nhng ch
khng chnh xc. thc hin c cc truy vn vi php chn. Bi bo
T thp nin 80 th k trc cho n nay, c ny l mt nghin cu tip theo pht trin FRDB
nhiu m hnh CSDL quan h da trn l thuyt tp
-1-
thnh mt h thng bao gm mt m hnh, mt tp cc 1. Ac(x) = 1-A(x), x X
php ton i s quan h m c bn v mt h qun tr 2. AB(x) = max( x X
A(x), B(x)),
CSDL m vi ngn ng truy vn ta SQL thc
3. AB(x) = min( A(x), B(x)), x X
hin cc truy vn v tnh ton trn cc quan h m
trong FRDB. 4. A-B(x) = min( A(x), 1-B(x)), x X.
-2-
: string integer string real [0, 1], trong = 1.0, b t thc s thuc quan h. Xt v ton hc,
string, integer v real l cc min gi tr ca cc ngha thuc (t) ca t trong quan h m tng t
thuc tnh P_NAME, DISEASE, AGE v COST. nh thuc ca mt phn t trong tp m (mt quan
Chng ti lu rng, nh trong CSDL truyn h m cng l mt tp m). Xt v kh nng biu din
thng, tn lc v tn cc thuc tnh ch l cc k trong ng dng, thuc cho bit mc chnh xc
hiu, trong thc t thng dng tn ngn gn (c th ca thng tin. Chng hn, xt b t1 (b th nht) trong
vit tt, ting Vit hoc ting Anh). quan h PATIENT, gi s thng tin v tn bnh nhn
III.2. Quan h FRDB (L.V. Tam) l chnh xc, lc ny thuc (t1) = 0.9
Quan h m c m rng t quan h truyn thng ca t1 biu din mc chnh xc ca tui (53), bnh
[2, 5] vi mc thuc c gn cho mi b nh nh c chn on (Lung cancer ung th phi) v chi
ngha di y. ph iu tr (350 nghn ng/ngy) ca bnh nhn.
-3-
Chng ti lu rng, khi gi tr hm r bng 1 vi 3. x.A1 x.A2, trong x X, A1 v A2 l hai thuc
mi r trn R(U, ), suy lun m xc nh ph thuc tnh phn bit trong R.
hm lc ng nht vi suy lun trong logic c in 4. E nu E l mt iu kin chn m.
(do cc mnh tham gia (t1[X] = t2[X]) v (t1[Y] =
5. E1 E2 nu E1 v E2 l cc iu kin chn m trn
t2[Y]) ch c th nhn cc gi tr 0 hoc 1) v ph
cng mt bin b quan h.
thuc hm m trong nh ngha ny s ng nht vi
ph thuc hm trong CSDL truyn thng [5]. 6. E1 E2 nu E1 v E2 l cc iu kin chn m trn
cng mt bin b quan h.
By gi CSDL quan h m l m rng ca CSDL
quan h truyn thng v c nh ngha nh sau. Chng ti lu rng, quan h hai ngi m trong
x.A v vi v l mt tp m biu din truy vn tm
nh ngha 7. Mt c s d liu quan h m (fuzzy
tt c cc b t sao cho t.A l v, quan h hai ngi
relational database) trn mt tp cc thuc tnh A l
=, , , , , trong x.A v v x.A1 x.A2 c
mt tp cc quan h m tng ng vi tp cc lc
ngha tng t nh trong CSDL truyn thng.
quan h m ca chng.
V d 3. Vi lc quan h PATIENT trong V d
IV. CC PHP TON I S FRDB
2, mt s iu kin chn m c th nh sau (x l bin
Cc php ton i s quan h m l c s truy
b):
vn v thao tc d liu m, khng chnh xc trong
1. Tm tt c bnh nhn tr tui (young) v c bnh
FRDB. Cc php ton i s quan h m c nh
vim gan (hepatitis). Yu cu ny c th c
ngha nh l nhng m rng ca cc php ton i s
quan h truyn thng da trn c s ton hc trong biu din bi iu kin chn x.AGE young
Phn II. Trong phn ny, tp cc php ton trong [10] x.DISEASE =hepatitis.
c m rng bao gm c cc php ton chiu, tch 2. Tm tt c bnh nhn cao tui (old) hoc c chi
Descartes v kt. ph iu tr nhiu hn 70 nghn ng mt ngy.
Yu cu ny c th c biu din bi iu kin
IV.1. Php chn
chn x.AGE old x.COST 70.
Php chn trn mt quan h FRDB l c s thc
hin cc truy vn tm kim thng tin trong CSDL. nh ngha 9. Gi s R(U, ) l mt lc quan h
Trc khi nh ngha php chn, chng ti gii thiu FRDB, r l mt quan h trn R, x l mt bin b quan
c php v ng ngha ca cc iu kin chn nh di h v t l mt b trong r. Din dch (interpretation)
y. ca cc iu kin chn m theo R, r v t, c biu th
bi intR,r,t, l mt nh x b phn t tp tt c cc iu
nh ngha 8. Gi s R l mt lc FRDB, X l
kin chn m n khong [0, 1] v c nh ngha
mt tp cc bin b quan h, l mt quan h hai ngi qui nh sau:
trong =, , , , , . Cc iu kin chn m (fuzzy
1. intR,r,t (x.A v) = r(t) nu t.A v v intR,r,t (x.A v)
selection condition) c nh ngha mt cch quy
= 0 nu ngc li.
v c mt trong cc dng sau:
2. intR,r,t (x.A v) = min(r(t), (t)), vi = t.A v.
1. x.A v, trong x X, A l mt thuc tnh trong
3. intR,r,t (x.A1 x.A2) = r(t) nu t.A1 t.A2 v
R v v l mt gi tr.
intR,r,t (x.A1 x.A2 ) = 0 nu ngc li.
2. x.A v, trong x X, A l mt thuc tnh trong 4. intR,r,t (E) = 1 intR,r,t (E)
R, l mt quan h hai ngi m v v l mt gi 5. intR,r,t (E1 E2 ) = min(intR,r,t (E1), intR,r,t (E2))
tr tp m (fuzzy set value). 6. intR,r,t (E1 E2 ) = max(intR,r,t(E1), intR,r,t(E2)).
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Chng ti lu rng, v l mt tp m trong t.A v r = t r | intR,r,t () 0 r(t)=intR,r,t()
nn = t.A v l mt quan h m. V vy cng l Mt cch n gin hn, (r) = {t r | intR,r,t () 0}.
mt tp m. C th l tp m m hm thnh vin V d 5. Xt quan h r = PATIENT trong V d 2,
ca n c i s l cc b t ca r. Vi mi t r, (t) truy vn Tm tt c bnh nhn tr v c bnh vim
= v(t.A). gan c th c thc hin bi php chn r =
V trc gic, intR,r,t(x.A v) v intR,r,t (x.A v) (PATIENT) vi = x.AGE young
tng ng cho bit mc tha mn cc iu kin t.A x.DISEASE = hepatitis. Php chn c thc hin
v v t.A v ( y v l tp m) ca b t trong r cn bng cch kim tra s tha mn ca tt c cc b trong
intR,r,t (x.A1 x.A2) cho bit mc tha mn iu kin PATIENT i vi iu kin chn . T V d 4 ta d
t.A1 t.A2 ca b t trong r. Ngoi ra, do gi tr v v cc dng thy ch c b t3 tha mn vi gi tr hm thnh
gi tr ca cc thuc tnh A, A1 v A2 trong x.A v v vin l 0.93. V vy kt qu php chn l quan h r
x.A1 x.A2 l cc gi tr r, chnh xc (nh ngha 4 v nh trong Bng 2.
5), nn nu quan h khng tha mn trong t.A v v Bng 2. Quan h r= (PATIENT)
t.A1 t.A2 th intR,r,t (x.A v) = 0 v intR,r,t (x.A1 x.A2 ) = P_NAME AGE DISEASE COST
0, ngha l b t tng ng hon ton khng tha mn T. T. Tu 21 Hepatitis 30 0.93
t.A v v t.A1 t.A2. IV.2. Php chiu
Trong CSDL truyn thng v r(t) {0, 1} nn din nh ngha 11. Gi s R = (U, ) l mt lc quan
dch cc iu kin chn i vi mt b t lun ch nhn h m, r l mt quan h m trn R v L = {A1, A2, ,
mt trong hai gi tr l 0 hoc 1 (gi tr ca r(t)). V Ak} l mt tp con ca U. Php chiu (projection) ca
vy, c th coi din dch cc iu kin chn trong r trn L, c k hiu L(r), l mt quan h m r trn
CSDL truyn thng l trng hp ring ca din dch lc R, c xc nh bi:
cc iu kin chn trong FRDB.
1. R = (L, ), trong l nh x t
V d 4. Gi s tp m young biu din tui tr ca D1D2Dk n [0, 1], Di l min gi tr ca
mt bnh nhn vi hm thnh vin c nh ngha thuc tnh Ai (i = 1, , k).
bi
2. r ={t = t[L] | t r v r(t) = maxtr{r(t)| t =
1 , x [0, 20] t[L]}}.
young ( x) (35 x ) / 15, x (20, 35),
V d 6. Php chiu ca quan h PATIENT c cho
0 , x 35
trong Bng 1, V d 2 trn L ={P_NAME, DISEASE}
th din dch ca iu kin chn m E = x.AGE l quan h L(PATIENT) nh trong Bng 3.
young x.DISEASE = hepatitis theo quan h r = Bng 3. Quan h L(PATIENT)
PATIENT v b t3 (b th 3) V d 2 l intR,r,t3(E) = P_NAME DISEASE
min(min(1.0, 0.93), 1.0)) = 0.93. L.V. Tam Lung cancer 0.9
N.T. Trang Bronchitis 0.8
By gi, php chn trong FRDB c m rng t T. T. Tu Hepatitis 1.0
php chn trong CSDL quan h truyn thng nh sau. IV.3. Php tch Descartes
nh ngha 10. Gi s R(U, ) l mt lc quan h nh ngha 12. Gi s U1, U2 l hai tp thuc tnh
m FRDB, r l mt quan h trn R v l mt iu khng giao nhau v r1, r2 l hai quan h m tng ng
kin chn theo bin b x. Php chn trn r theo , trn hai lc R1 = (U1 , 1) v R2 = (U2, 2). Tch
c k hiu (r), l mt quan h m r trn R, bao Descartes ca r1 v r2, c k hiu r1 r2, l mt
quan h m r trn lc R, c xc nh bi:
gm tt c cc b t c nh ngha bi:
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1. R = (U, ), trong U = U1 U2, l nh x t IV.5. Php hp, giao v tr
D1D2Dk+m n [0, 1], k = U1, m = U2, Di l S dng cc php ton trn cc tp hp m trong
min gi tr ca thuc tnh Ai U1 U2. nh ngha 2, cc php ton hp, giao v tr cc quan
2. r = {t = (v1, v2, , vk, vk+1, vk+2,, vk+m) | t1 = (v1, h m trong FRDB c nh ngha ln lt nh di
v2, , vk), t2 = (vk+1 , vk+2,, vk+m), t1 r1, t2 r2 y.
v r(t) = min(1r1(t1), 2r2 (t2))}. nh ngha 14. Gi s r v s l hai quan h m trn
cng mt lc R(U, ). Php hp (union) ca hai
IV.4. Php kt
quan h r v s, k hiu l r s, l mt quan h m trn
nh ngha 13. Gi s U1, U2 l hai tp thuc tnh sao
R bao gm cc b t c nh ngha bi
cho nu chng c thuc tnh cng tn th cc thuc
tnh phi c cng min gi tr. Gi s r1, r2 l hai r s = {t | rs(t)=max(r(t), s(t))}.
quan h m tng ng trn hai lc R1 = (U1, 1) nh ngha 15. Gi s r v s l hai quan h m trn
v R2 = (U2, 2) v {Ak, , Al }= U1U2. Php kt (t
nhin) ca r1 v r2, c k hiu r1r2, l mt quan h cng mt lc R(U, ). Php giao (intersection)
m r trn lc R, c xc nh bi: ca hai quan h r v s, k hiu l r s, l mt quan h
1. R = (U, ), trong U = U1 U2, l nh x t m trn R bao gm cc b t c nh ngha bi
D1D2Dn n [0, 1], n = U, Di l min gi r s = {t | rs(t) = min(r(t), s(t))}.
tr ca thuc tnh Ai U1 U2. nh ngha 16. Gi s r v s l hai quan h m trn
2. r = {t = (v1, , vj, vk, , vl, vm, , vn) | t1 = (v1, cng mt lc R(U, ). Php tr (difference) ca
, vj, vk, , vl ), t2 = (vk, , vl, vm, , vn), t1 r1, quan h r cho s, k hiu l r s, l mt quan h m
t2 r2 sao cho vk = t1[Ak] = t2[Ak], , vl = t1 [Al] = trn R bao gm cc b t c nh ngha bi
t2[Al] v r(t) = min(1r1(t1 ), 2r2(t2))}. rs = {t | rs(t) = min(r (t), 1-s(t))}.
V d 7. Gi s U1 = {P_ID, DISEASE}, U1 = IV.6. Tnh cht ca cc php ton i s
{P_NAME, DISEASE} l hai tp thuc tnh v
Nh thy cc phn trn, m hnh FRDB l
PATIENT1, PATIENT2 tng ng l hai quan h m
c m rng t m hnh CSDL quan h truyn thng
trn hai lc R1 = (U1, 1) v R2 = (U2, 2) nh
c v biu din d liu v cc php ton i s quan
trong Bng 4 v 5. Khi kt qu php kt t nhin l
h. H qu logic l cc tnh cht ca cc php ton i
quan h PATIENT trn lc R = (U1 U2 , ) c s trong FRDB cng c m rng t cc tnh cht
tnh nh Bng 6. ca cc php ton i s quan h truyn thng.
Bng 4. Quan h PATIENT1 Sau y l cc nh l v cc tnh cht ca cc php
P_ID DISEASE 1
PT005 Bronchitis 0.8
ton i s trn FRDB c chng ti m rng t cc
PT006 Gall-stone 1.0 tnh cht ca cc php ton i s quan h truyn
thng.
Bng 5. Quan h PATIENT2
nh l 1. Gi s r l mt quan h m trn lc R
P_NAME DISEASE 2
L. V. Lan Bronchitis 0.9 trong FRDB. Gi 1 v 2 l hai iu kin chn. Khi
N.T.Thu Gall-stone 1.0
-6-
1(2 (r)) =ts intR,s,t(1)0 (nh ngha 10) suy ra h thc r1 r2 = r2 r1. Tnh giao hon ca
php kt c chng minh.
=tr intR,r,t (2)0 intR,s,t (1 )0}
T nh ngha 13, chng ta suy ra (r1 r2) r3 v
=tr intR,r,t (2)0 intR,r,t (1 )0) (do sr)
r1 (r2 r3) l hai quan h trn cng mt lc .
=trmin(intR,r,t (2), intR,r,t (1))0) Mi b thuc v (r1 r2) r3 th cng thuc v r1
(nh ngha 9) (r2 r3) v ngc li. Gi s A l mt thuc tnh
=trintR,r,t (21 )> 0) = 12(r). chung trong cc tp thuc tnh U1 , U2 v U3 ca R1, R2
v R3, do php ly gi tr nh nht v php hp nht
T h thc 1(2(r)) = 1 2(r) c chng
gi tr thuc tnh (kt t nhin), c tnh kt hp nn
minh. H thc 2(1(r)) = 21 (r) c chng minh php kt (t nhin) cc b c tnh kt hp. T cc lp
tng t. V 1 2 2 1 (php hi trn tp cc lun trn, suy ra tnh kt hp ca php kt t nhin cc
iu kin chn m cng nh trn mnh c tnh giao quan h FRDB. V vy, h thc (r1 r2) r3 = r1 (r2
hon), nn 1 2(r) = 21(r). T suy ra h thc r3) c chng minh.
1 (2(r)) = 2(1(r)) v do 1(2 (r)) = Bi v php ly tch Descartes l trng hp ring
2 (1(r)) = 12(r). ca php kt t nhin nn mt h qu trc tip ca
nh l 3 c pht biu nh sau.
nh l 2. Gi s r l mt quan h m trn lc R
trong FRDB, A v B l hai tp con cc thuc tnh ca H qu 1. Gi s R1, R2 v R3 l cc lc trong
trong PRDB sao cho tp cc thuc tnh ca chng i
R v A B. Khi mt khng giao nhau, r1, r2 v r3 l cc quan h m
A(B(r)) = A(r) (2) tng ng trn R1, R2 v R3. Khi
r1 r2 = r2 r1 (5)
Chng minh V A B, nn AB = A. T nh ngha
(r1 r2 ) r3 = r1 (r2 r3) (6)
11, chng ta d dng thy A(B(r)) v A(r) l hai
nh l 4. Nu r1, r2 v r3 l cc quan h m trn cng
quan h trn cng cng mt lc vi tp thuc tnh
mt lc R th
AB = A. R rng nu t A(B(r)) th t A(r) v
ngc li. Mt khc, theo nh ngha 11, d thy php r1 r2 = r2 r1 (7)
tnh gi tr ln nht (max) hai v ca (2) cng c (r1 r2) r3 = r1 (r2 r3) (8)
thc hin trn tp gi tr thuc ca cc b ca r. T r1 r2 = r2 r1 (9)
ta c A(B(r)) = AB(r) = A(r). H thc (2)
(r1 r2) r3 = r1 (r2 r3) (10)
c chng minh.
Chng minh Do cc php ton giao v hp cc tp
nh l 3. Gi s R1, R2 v R3 l cc lc trong
hp, php ly min v max c tnh giao hon v kt hp
PRDB sao cho nu chng c thuc tnh cng tn th
nn t cc nh ngha 14 v 15 ta suy cc h thc (7),
cc thuc tnh phi c cng min gi tr, r1, r2 v r3
(8), (9) v (10).
l cc quan h m tng ng trn R1, R2 v R3. Khi
r1 r2 = r2 r1 (3) V. H QUN TR FRDB
(r1 r2 ) r3 = r1 (r2 r3 ) (4) Da trn m hnh c ngh v tp cc php ton
Chng minh T nh ngha 13, d thy rng cc quan i s quan h m c nh ngha, s dng h qun
h r1 r2 v r2 r1 c cng lc . Mi b trong r1 tr CSDL m ngun m SQLite [13] chng ti xy
r2 cng l mt b trong r2 r1 v ngc li. Mt dng mt h qun tr cho FRDB, c gi l FRDBS
khc, php ly gi tr nh nht ca thuc ca hai b (Fuzzy Relational Database System). FRDBS cho
t1 v t2 tng ng trong r1 v r2 l giao hon. T php thc hin cc thao tc cp nht d liu, truy vn
suy ra php kt ca cc b c tnh giao hon. V vy, thng thng v truy vn mm vi ngn ng ta SQL.
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V.1. Kin trc ca PRDBS
Kin trc ca FRDBS gm ba tng nh Hnh 1. V.2. Truy vn v tnh ton trong PRDBS
C php truy vn chn trong FRDBS l tng t c
php truy vn chn trong cc h qun tr CSDL quan
h truyn thng v c dng:
select [list of attributes <A1, A2,.., Ak>]
from <relation1> [, <relation2>, , <relationm>]
where [fuzzy selection condition <F>]
Trong , <relation1> [,<relation2>, , <relationm>]
l mt danh sch cc quan h m, <F> l mt iu
kin chn m vi ngha c din dch nh nh
ngha 9 trong Phn IV.1. Lu rng c php truy vn
chn ch yu cu quan h relation1 phi lun lun xut
hin trong danh sch <relation1> [,<relation2 >, ,
<relationm>], cc quan h relation2, , relationm
khng nht thit phi xut hin trong truy vn chn
ny. Nu danh sch <relation1 > [,<relation2>, ,
<relationm>] c t nht hai quan h, truy vn s kt hp
cc quan h ny thnh mt quan h duy nht bng
Hnh 1. Kin trc ca FRDBS php tch Descartes hoc php kt trc khi tnh ton
vi iu kin chn m. Kt qu truy vn l mt quan
Tng giao din (GUI Layer): Cung cp mt giao h m gm cc thuc tnh trong {A1 , A2 ,.., Ak}. Vi c
din ha cho ngi dng, cho php ngi s dng php ny, c th biu din truy vn mm tm tt c
to ra tp cc lc cng vi cc thuc tnh tng bnh nhn rt tr, trng lng khong 25 kg v c tin
ng, t cc lc cho php to ra cc quan h v s bnh vim gan trong FRDBS bi
thc hin cc truy vn trn cc quan h FRDB. select Patient_Name, Age, Weight, Medical_History
Tng x l (Business Layer): gm hai khi chnh, from rPatient
mt khi chu trch nhim v vic m t, biu din v where Agevery_young and Weightabout_25 and
lu tr d liu ca m hnh FRDB, v mt khi chu Medical_History=Hepatitis
trch nhim thc hin php truy vn. C th, khi th H thng FRDBS thc thi truy vn v tr v kt qu
nht s ng vai tr to ra cu trc d liu ca lc nh trong Hnh 2.
, ca quan h, ca cc kiu gi tr thuc tnh. Khi Chng ti lu rng, quan h m trn truy vn
th hai s ng vai tr nh mt trnh bin dch, thc thc thi l rPatient. y l mt tp cc b cng vi
hin bin dch v thc thi cu truy vn, cng nh thc mc thnh vin ca chng c to ra t lc
hin cc php din dch iu kin chn m phc v PATIENT. Php ton logic and trong truy vn l
cho vic truy vn.
hin thc ca php ton logic trong FRDB (Phn
Tng d liu (Data Access Layer): l tng giao tip IV.1). Cc tp m very_young v about_25
vi SQLite, cung cp cc chc nng truy xut, cp c ngi dng nh ngha, lu tr trong mt th
nht d liu c s thng tr c lu trn SQLite. vin v c FRDBS qun l.
-8-
Hnh 2. Mt truy vn mm trong FRDBS
Php hp, giao v tr ca hai quan h trn cng mt trn hai quan h rPatient1 v rPatient2 tm cc
tp thuc tnh {A1, A2,.., Ak} trong FRDBS c tnh bnh nhn cao tui (old) trong rPatient1 ng thi
ton da trn php chn v c dng: cng l bnh nhn c trng lng ln (heavy) trong
select [list of attributes <A1, A2,.., Ak>] rPatient2 nh l giao (intersect) ca tp cc bnh
from <relation1> [, <relation11>, , <relation1m>] nhn cao tui trong rPatient1 v tp cc bnh nhn c
where [fuzzy selection condition<F1>] trng lng ln trong rPatient2. FRDBS thc thi truy
<Set operation> vn v tr v kt qu nh trong Hnh 3.
select [list of attributes <A1, A2,.., Ak>]
from <relation2> [, <relation21>, , <relation2n>]
where [fuzzy selection condition<F2>]
Trong , Set operation l mt trong cc php ton
hp (union), giao (intersection) hoc tr (difference).
Cc php chn vi cc iu kin chn <F1> v <F2>
xc nh (tnh ton) hai quan h trn cng mt tp
thuc tnh {A1 , A2,.., Ak} thc hin php ton Set
operation. Lu rng, nh trong cc h qun tr
CSDL truyn thng, cc iu kin chn <F1> hoc
<F2> c th rng, khi t kha where khng xut
hin trong cc php chn tng ng. Vi c ny,
chng ta c th thc hin truy vn
select Patient_Name, Age, Weight from rPatient1
where Ageold
intersect
select Patient_Name, Age, Weight from rPatient2
where Weightheavy
Hnh 3. Php giao ca hai quan h trong FRDBS
-9-
VI. KT LUN Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER), Vol.2,
No.4, 2012, 21-27.
Trong bi bo ny, chng ti gii thiu mt m
hnh c s d liu quan h m, c gi l FRDB, [5] C.J.DATE, An introduction to database systems,
AddisionWesley, 8th Edition, 2008.
cng vi cc php ton i s quan h m c bn nh
chn, chiu, tch Descartes, kt (t nhin), hp, giao [6] G.J.KLIR, B.YUAN, Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic -
Theory and applications, Prentice Hall PTR, 1994.
v tr thao tc v truy vn thng tin khng r rng,
khng chnh xc. Mi quan h FRDB l mt tp m [7] X.MENG, Z.M.MA, X.ZHU, A Knowledge-based fuzzy
vi mc thnh vin b trong khong [0, 1], cc truy query and results ranking approach for relational
databases, Journal of Computational Information
vn mm c th c thc hin bng cch s dng cc
Systems, Vol.6, 2010, 2037-2044.
iu kin chn kt hp vi cc gi tr tp m. Mt s
[8] J.MISHRA, S.GHOSH, A new functional dependency
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in a vague relational database Model, International
c ngh v chng minh. Mt h qun tr ca
Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.39, No.8, 2012,
FRDB vi ngn ng truy vn ta SQL c xy dng 29-36.
nh mt phn mm lm c s cho cc ng dng ca
[9] NGUYEN CAT HO, A model of relational with
FRDB vo thc t.
linguistic data of hedge algebras-based semantics,
Trong cc bc tip theo, chng ti s nh ngha Proceedings of the 3rd National Symposium on
cc hm kt gp m (fuzzy aggregate function) nh Research, Development and Application of Information
max, min, sum,trn cc min gi tr ca cc thuc and Communication Technology (ICTrda06) Hanoi-
tnh quan h m v xy dng cc php ton kt gp Vietnam, 2006, 145-156.
(aggregation), gom nhm (grouping) m trn cc quan [10] NGUYN HA, Mt m hnh c s d liu quan h
h m trong FRDB. Pht trin h qun tr FRDBS vi m, Tp ch Cng ngh Thng tin v Truyn thng,
cc php ton kt gp v gom nhm m c th truy Chuyn san cc cng trnh Nghin cu, Pht trin v
ng dng CNTT-TT, Tp V-1, S 13 (33), 2015, 37-
vn v tnh ton (mm) trn cc gi tr ca cc thuc
45.
tnh ca mt quan h hoc mt nhm cc b ca mt
quan h trong FRDB. [11] F.E.PETRY, Fuzzy databases: Principles and
applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.
TI LIU THAM KHO [12] L.YAN, Z.M.MA, A Fuzzy probabilistic relational
database model and algebra, International Journal of
[1] D.DUBOIS, H.PRADE, Using fuzzy sets in flexible Fuzzy Systems, Vol.15, No.1, 2013, 244-253.
querying: why and how?, Proceedings of the workshop
[13] M. OWENS, The definitive guide to SQLite, Apress,
on flexible query-answering systems (FQAS1996), 2006.
Denmark, 1996, 89-103.
[2] E.F.CODD, A Relational model of data for large
shared data banks, Communications of the ACM,
Vol.13, No.6, 1970, 377-387.
[3] J.C.CUBERO, J.M.MEDINA, O.PONS, M.A.VILA,
Data summarization in relational databases through
fuzzy dependencies, International Journal of
Information Sciences, Vol.121, 1999, 22-43.
[4] S.CHAKRABORTY, Codds relational data model
and fuzzy logic: a practical approach to find the
computer solution, International Journal of Advanced
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