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Dissection Head & Neck
Dissection Head & Neck
Neck Muscles
Infrahyoid muscles innervated ansa cervicalis n.
Exception!: thyrohyoid m. is innverated by C1 fibres carried by hypoglossal n (XII)
Suprahyoid muscles innverations have to be learnt separately:
mylohyoid m. and anterioir belly of digastric m. innervated by nerve to mylohyoid (br. of V3)
geniohyoid m. innervated by C1 fibres carried by hypoglossal n. (XII) *same as thyrohyoid m.
posterior belly of digastric m. and stylohyoid m. innervated by facial n. (VII)
stylopharyngeus m. innervated by glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
styloglossus m. innervated by hypoglossal n. (XII)
Arteries
No branching internal carotid a. until it travels through carotid canal to enter cranial cavity.
Branches of external carotid a. can be learnt using this this mnemonic:
Some Attendings Like Freaking Out Potential Medical Students
superior thyroid a.
ascending pharyngeal a.
lingual a.
facial a.
occipital a.
posterior auricular a.
maxillar a. *need to learn branches of maxillary a.
superficial temporal a.
Veins
Most veins are just following the arteries and have same name, so here only exceptions are stated.
Retromandibular v. follows external carotid a., therefore...
Superficial temporal v. and maxillary v. drain into retromandibular v. wheras superficial
temporal a. and maxillary a. are branches of ext. carotid a.
Retromandibular v. and facial v. join to drain into internal jugular v.
Notice that here facial n. drains into internal jugular v. but facial a. is a branch of ext. carotid
a.
Retromandibular and posterior auricular a. join also to flow into external jugular v.
Retromandibular v. splits into two veins, one division joins facial v., the other joins posterior auricular v.
Note also that occipital v. drains into int. jugular v. but occipital a. is a branch of ext. carotid
a.
Suboccipital Triangle
Rectus capitis post. major m. x obliquus capitis inferior m. x obliquus capitis superior m.
Contents: vertebral a., occipital n.
Occipital a. passes superiorly to this triangle!
Pirogoffs Triangle
Intermediate tendon of digastric m. x post. border of mylohyoid m. x arch oh hypoglossal n.
(XII)
Shows position of lingual a. (somewhat variable!)
Beclards Angle
Angle between digastric post. x hyoid bone
Also shows position of lingual a.
Deltiodpectoral Groove/Triangle
Clavicle x deltoid m. x pectoralis maj. m.
Contains thoracoacromial a., cephalic v., lateral pectoral n.
TIPS
Auriculotemporal n. (V3) runs with superficial temporal vessels.
Auriculotemporal n. makes a characteristic loop around middle meningeal a. (br. of
maxillary a.)
Occipital a. branching off from ext. carotid a. bends over the hypoglossal n. (XII)
Hypoglossal n. can be found in submandibular triangle.
Superior root of ansa cervicalis can be found intermingling with the fibres from hypoglossal
n (XII)
Phrenic nerve can be found on the surface of anterior scalene m.
Vagus n. (X) can be found next to common carotid a. and int. jugular v.
Lingual a. can be found in Beclards Angle and Pirogoffs Triangle
Facial a. and v. has characteristic coiled appearance.
Facial v. travels over the top of submandibular gland, but facial a. travels underneath it.
Scalenic fissure is between ant. and middle scalene mm. and here you can find brachial
plexus trunks and subclavian a.
Scalenovertebral triangle is bounded by:
vertebrae
scalene mm.
clavicle/1st rib
contents: cupula (dome) of pleura, subclavian a.
Glossopharyngeal n. (IX) can be found underneat stylopharyngeus m.
Accessory n. (XI) can be found deep in the lateral cervical triangle as it innervates trapezius
and sternocleidomastoid mm.
Facial n. (VII) can be found running straight through the parotid gland.
Parotid duct runs from the gland through buccinator m. and enters oral cavity at the level of
2nd molar tooth as the parotid pappilla (if you look in the mirror and open uoi mouth, you can see
it!)