READING COMPREHENSION

TEST 1. HUMAN DEVELOPING

When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their
surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their
environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in
forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This
development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had
previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it
possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.
1. This passage is mainly concerned with ----.
A) the evolution of farming techniques
B) the role of hunting as a source of food
C) how the discovery of fire changed the development of mankind
D) basic food-gathering techniques of early humans
E) how people supplied themselves with food prior to the discovery of how to make fire
2. One can infer from the passage that the discovery of how to make fire ----.
A) improved the hunting skills of early humans
B) caused early humans to interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did
C) taught early humans how to live with lower organisms
D) increased alimentary options for early humans
E) made easier for early humans to gather food
3. As we understand from the passage, early humans ----.
A) didn't eat plants before they learned how to control fire
B) used fire as a tool to alter their surroundings
C) gained better control of their environment when they learned to live with lower organisms
D) started to maintain their food supply by hunting and gathering food when they started cooking with fire
E) were the prey of many predators

TEST 2. TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights
of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at
the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to
these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no
improvement in the way drivers behave.
1. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem since ----.
A) the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention B) the accidents have more to do with hazardous conditions than hazardous
drivers
C) most of the accidents are caused by drivers who don't pay attention to the traffic rules
D) the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers
E) traffic accidents can cause serious economic damage
2. According to the passage, the number of accidents has fallen because ----.
A) significant advances have been made towards safer driving
B) many people now know that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration
C) drivers are warned to take extra care on the roads
D) drivers have finally learned how to behave
E) there has been improvement in the way drivers behave
3. It is pointed out in the passage that those who violate traffic regulations ----.
A) are the most inexperienced drivers that we have on the roads
B) always blame the road conditions
C) don't have prior traffic violations or crashes on their records
D) are the biggest threat to those with whom they share the road
E) don't know most of the traffic rules and regulations

TEST 3. UNCONDITIONAL LOVE / MOTHERLY LOVE

Motherly love by its very nature is unconditional. Mother loves the newborn infant because it is her child, not because the child
has fulfilled any specific condition, or lived up to any specific expectations. Unconditional love corresponds to one of the deepest
longings, not only of the child, but also of every human being. On the other hand, to be loved because of one's merit or because
one deserves it, always leaves doubt and there is always a fear that love could disappear. Furthermore deserved love easily leaves
a bitter feeling that one is not loved for himself but is loved only because he pleases, and that he is not loved at all but used. No
wonder that we cling to the longing for motherly love, as children and also as adults.
1. One can conclude from the reading that in order for a mother to love her child, ----.
A) a child has to earn such love
B) the child is expected to do what is required from him
C) they have to share many memories
D) there are certain specific conditions they both have to follow
E) the child doesn't need to do anything
2. It is understood from the passage that if you are to do something to be loved, ----.
A) you cannot get as much satisfaction as motherly love
B) you won't have any doubts about the others' feelings towards you
C) it is impossible that you may lose love one day
D) your mother will love you more
E) you can feel confident all the time
3. As it is pointed out in the passage, motherly love ----.
A) is the only love a baby can get
B) is what we need even if we are grown-up
C) is necessary only for children
D) is not related to unconditional love
E) is the kind of love that we lose when we grow up

TEST 4. COMMON COLD AND FLU

Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a
difference in how long the flu lasts. That's because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the
illness sets in although the symptoms can be eased with over the counter medications. As for colds, the sooner a person starts
taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat
typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic
features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on
suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
1. According to the passage, knowing the cause of scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches ----.
A) reduces the likelihood of catching cold
B) sometimes doesn't help patients lessen the severity of symptoms
C) encourages patients to buy over-the-counter medications
D) will shorten the duration of the flu
E) prevents people from getting infected
2. According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ----.
A) the virus which causes the disease has to be identified
B) patients should only use over-the-counter medications
C) one should take the necessary medications upon catching the disease
D) there is no reason to see a doctor
E) people should try some alternative remedies
3. It is pointed out in the reading that ----.
A) fever is the most important feature of a cold
B) flu symptoms are not as severe as cold symptoms
C) the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine
D) one doesn't need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu
E) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu

TEST 5. ACTIVE PASSIVE SMOKING

Psychologist George Spilich at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say,
smoking helps them to think and concentrate. He put non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a
series of tests. In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target
letter. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex.
Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test
of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. In
the fourth test, non-smokers were the best and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. As
the tests became more complex, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins.
1. It is pointed out in the passage that the purpose of George Spilich's experiments is ----.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D) to show that non-smokers are less productive at work than smokers
E) to prove that nicotine helps people's short term memory
2. We understand from the passage that ----.
A) active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers
B) active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects in all tests
C) the other subjects were not better than nonsmokers in the simplest test
D) deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks
E) non-smokers committed more errors than deprived smokers in most of the tests
3. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to ----.
A) check the effectiveness of nicotine on nonsmokers
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) finish the tests as quickly as possible
D) force the subjects to recall the words they learned
E) compel the subjects to respond as fast as possible

TEST 6. SPEAKING VERSUS LISTENING

It often appears that we have more to gain by speaking than by listening. One big advantage of speaking is that it gives you a
chance to control others' thoughts and actions. Whatever your goal is, the key to success seems to be the ability to speak well.
Another apparent advantage of speaking is the chance it provides to gain the admiration, respect, or liking of others. Finally,
talking gives you the chance to release energy in a way that listening can't. In the same way, you can often lessen your anger by
letting it out verbally.
1. According to the passage, speaking can result in ----.
A) decreasing anger
B) increasing stress
C) losing admiration of others
D) decreasing excitement
E) losing respect of others
2. As it is stated in the passage, speaking ----.
A) has advantages over listening
B) doesn't help one to release harmful emotions
C) like listening has many advantages
D) is as equally important as listening is
E) can sometimes be really exhausting unlike listening
3. The article is mainly about ----.
A) why keeping quiet cannot help others solve their problems
B) how to let your anger out by speaking
C) the advantages and disadvantages of both speaking and listening
D) why a good listener is always appreciated
E) the advantages of speaking

TEST 7. PRACTICE OF MEDICINE

Modern scientific and technological developments in the practice of medicine and public health have drawn nursing into new and
wider fields of activity, and its functions have been expanded accordingly. Therefore, nursing is no longer limited mainly to
activities within the hospital, or to what is called curative nursing. It has become also a community service in which preventive
and rehabilitative functions are a vital part of its program. The modern concept of nursing considers the hospital, however central,
as only one of many health agencies in the community.
1. As we understand from the reading, today ----.
A) the only reason people go to hospitals is for nursing care
B) most of the nursing practice now takes place in people's homes
C) hospitals are not the only setting where people receive care or support
D) scientific and technological developments can't improve the quality of care that is delivered in hospitals
E) nursing care is not vital to the core competency of hospitals any more
2. One can infer from the passage that ----.
A) nurses were treating more people in the patient's own home in the past
B) hospitals are the only places where nursing care is crucial
C) nurses don't see the hospital and clinic as important units in the community health program
D) hospitals are still the most important component of the healthcare sector
E) nursing shortage has had significant consequences during the past few years
3. According to the passage, the nurse's function has been expanded because of ----.
A) the nurse's activities in the hospital
B) hospitals, which are the most common work environments for nurses
C) the reluctance of nurses to work in the hospital
D) the necessity of working longer hours
E) the progress in science and technology in related fields

TEST 8. POETRY
People seldom feel neutral about poetry. Those who love it sometimes give the impression that it is an adequate substitute for
food, shelter, and love. But it isn't. Those who dislike poetry on principle sometimes claim, on the other hand, that poetry is only
words and good for nothing. That's not true either. When words represent and recreate genuine human feelings, as they often do in
poetry, they can be very important. Poems provide, in fact, a language for feeling, and one of poetry's most insistent merits
involves its attempt to express the inexpressible. One of the joys of experiencing poetry occurs when we read a poem and want to
say, "yes, that is just what it is like; I know exactly what that line means but I have never been able to express it so well." Poetry
can be the voice of our feelings even when our minds are speechless with grief or joy.
1. One can understand from the passage that people ----.
A) seldom feel that poetry is an equivalent for life itself
B) rarely take a biased opinion about poetry
C) generally think that poetry expresses what might otherwise seem unutterable
D) never differ in their opinions about a poem
E) generally think of poetry as extremely important or totally useless
2. One point made by the author in the passage is that poetry ----.
A) tends to make the reader disappointed
B) is an adequate substitute for food, shelter, and love
C) is only words and good for nothing
D) often captures real human feelings
E) is impossible to be defined
3. The author points out in the reading that ----.
A) poetry is not closely concerned with feelings
B) poems are primarily about how people think rather than how people feel
C) poetry can't be the expression of one's deepest feelings
D) few people think that poetry is neutral
E) poetry tries to express what people feel but find it hard to describe

TEST 9. NATURE OR NURTURE

Answer the questions according to the reading passage. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and
behaviors are formed. Two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. The two approaches are very different from
one another. The controversy is often referred to as nature and nurture. Those who support the nature side of the conflict believe
that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has
little to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Proponents of the nurture theory claim that our
environment is more important than our biologically based instinct in determining how we will act. They see humans as beings
whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human
behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy
will continue for a long time is certain.
1. One can understand from the passage that supporters of the nature theory believe that ----.
A) environment is important in determining a person's behavior and personality
B) a person's instincts have little effect on his actions
C) it is impossible to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors
D) biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act
E) there are a lot of similarities between the two theories
2. One point made by the writer in the passage is that ----.
A) heredity is more important than the environment in the development of human beings
B) the correct explanation of human behavior will probably take ideas from both theories
C) environment is the most important factor in determining personality
D) the behaviorists' view correctly explains how we act
E) biologically based instincts have very little to do with behavior
3. It is stated in the passage that, according to the nurture theory, ----.
A) a trait is always shaped by both genetic dispositions and the environments in which people develop
B) it is possible to measure the heritability of a trait within a population
C) we are almost completely governed by our instincts
D) human behavior can be predicted based on knowledge of genetics
E) a person's character is greatly influenced by his environment

TEST 10. NOTE TAKING WHILE READING

One can write notes either in the novel he or she is reading or in a separate notebook. The advantage of the former method is that
it doesn't disturb one's reading too much; disadvantage is that it spoils a book, it affects one's second reading of the novel, there is
not always too much room for the notes in the book. One way round these problems is to write brief notes in pencil in a novel as
one is reading, then to copy these up and expand them in a separate notebook. These also allow one to copy out brief extracts from
the novel which strike one as important, and it means that you file for future reference only notes about which you have thought a
second time after having finished reading the novel.
1. It's stated in the passage that ----.
A) there is more than one way to take notes
B) writing notes in the novel doesn't harm the book so much
C) taking notes in a separate book has only disadvantages
D) one 's reading too much spoils a book
E) studying a novel is more difficult than reading it in detail
2. According to the passage, ----.
A) writing a novel is more difficult than reading it
B) short notes may be helpful in the future
C) making notes larger is no longer valid for readers
D) one can read either novel or short story easily
E) it's not practical to read a novel twice
3. The main concern of the passage is ----.
A) the methods of reading a book
B) how to cope with problems of reading a novel
C) the notes that are taken while reading a novel
D) the obstacles during writing
E) how to write a good novel

TEST 11. GREEK HOMER

Homer was a Greek epic poet. Both the date and the place of his birth and death are not known precisely, but recent research
suggests a date between 1050 and 800 BC. It has even been claimed that no such man as Homer existed and that The Iliad and The
Odyssey are collections of traditional ballads and not the work of one man. In any event they were known all over the Greek-
speaking world before the sixth century BC. The Iliad is an epic poem dealing with the siege of Troy by the Greeks. The Odyssey
describes the wandering of Odysseus, a Greek seafarer, on his way back to Ithaca after the fall of Troy.
1. We can infer from the passage that ----.
A) it's not definite when and where Homer was born
B) Homer only deals with poetry
C) recent research shows the impossibility of finding Homer's birth date
D) some suggest that he was born in 800 BC
E) Homer's birth place is known but his date of birth is still unknown
2. The Odyssey ----.
A) belongs to another poet rather than Homer
B) explains the voyage of a sailor
C) has no connection with the Iliad
D) doesn't have a specific protagonist
E) is an anonymous work of the Greek nation
3. The works of Homer ----.
A) have no potential readers
B) deal with the siege of Troy by the Greeks
C) have been thought to have different writers
D) are collections of traditional ballads
E) have affected the 6th century people in terms of life style

TEST 12. THE ORIGINS OF WRITTEN LITERATURE

The origins of a written literature can be found in most of the civilizations of the ancient world; in India, China, and among the
Jewish people whose great work of literature is taken to present. The start of Western literature is the Old Testament of the Bible.
Their greatest single contribution was drama, a form of literature that has continued undiminished to the present day. Other
literary forms that developed from the time of the Greeks and Romans onwards have been Poetry in its many different styles and
forms; the essay; biography and autobiography; and the novel.
1. According to the passage, ----.
A) the ancient world was based upon the written literature
B) Bible is submitted to the Jewish people as their holy book
C) Western literature is considered to be constructed upon the Greek literature
D) Greek literature is not the start of western Chinese and Indian literatures
E) the origins of the Poetry can be traced back to Jewish literature
2. Written literature ----.
A) has existed since the civilizations of the ancient world
B) is a branch of drama
C) is established primarily on poetry, biography, autobiography and the novel
D) is separated into two; oral literature and written literature
E) is as old as the Bible
3. It can be drawn out of the passage that ----.
A) holy book Bible is a form of drama
B) although poetry was invented by Greeks and Romans, it was changed considerably by the Chinese
C) the origin of drama is based upon the Old Testament
D) biography and autobiography are the only branches of Roman and Greek literature
E) drama has been lasting for centuries contrary to written literature

TEST 13. COMMUNICATION IN GROUPS

The sheer number of people in a group affects the amount of communication. Consider the difference between communication
between two friends and communication in a group of live people. When friends talk, there are two people sending and receiving
messages. In a group of live, there are live people doing the same thing. Each idea that is expressed must be understood by four
others, who may also choose to respond. Consequently, the greater number of people in a group, the fewer contributions any
individual may make. Because there are disadvantages to large groups, you might assume that small groups would be the most
effective.However, groups can be too small as well as 100 large. With 100 few members, a group has limited resources, which
eliminates a primary advantage of groups for decision making. Also, in very small groups, members may be unwilling lo disagree
or criticize each other's ideas. I believe that five to seven members is the ideal size for a small group.
1. We can conclude from the reading that in large groups ----.
A) there is always a chaos at the end of each discussion
B) no one criticizes each other's ideas
C) before a decision is made everyone has to express their ideas individually
D) everyone is free to express their ideas as much as they want
E) there is less opportunity for each person to speak
2. According to the passage, small groups ----.
A) are always more successful than large groups in terms of decision making
B) can have some disadvantages as well
C) express their criticism more freely than large groups
D) have always infinite resources
E) are unable to make a decision at the end of discussions
3. The author of the article suggests that ----.
A) the number of people in a small group must not be more than five
B) large groups are always superior to small groups
C) the ideal size for a small group should be five to seven
D) small groups are better as members of them have a chance lo criticize each other
E) everyone should listen to each other's ideas no matter how large the group is

TEST 14. MOTHER TONGUE

First language, also known as mother tongue, is generally the language a person learns first. However, one can have two or more
native languages thus being a native bilingual or indeed multilingual. The order in which these languages are learned is not
necessarily the order of proficiency. Incomplete first language skills often make learning other languages difficult. Often a child
learns the basics of his or her first language or languages from his or her family. The term mother tongue, however, should not be
interpreted to mean that it is the language of one's mother. For instance, in some paternal societies, the wife moves in with the
husband and thus may have a different first language or dialect than the local language of the husband. Yet their children usually
only speak their local language.
1. According to the passage, first language skills ----.
A) take a very long time to develop
B) play an important role in learning a new language
C) are not transferable to the second language
D) can also have negative effects in foreign language acquisition
E) can aid children only in the beginning stages of learning a second language
2. We understand from the passage that ----.
A) most bilinguals don't have a dominant language
B) the acquisition of a first language is the most complex skill anyone ever learns
C) most children have learning difficulties in acquiring their first language
D) one's mother tongue might not be the language of the parents
E) it is very rare for bilinguals to have equal competence in both their languages
3. One can infer from the reading that ----.
A) one cannot be a native speaker of more than two languages
B) very few children throughout the world learn to speak two languages
C) it is possible for a bilingual to become more competent in his second language
D) bilinguals use their two languages for different purposes and functions
E) only a few people learn to speak his or her mother's language like a native

TEST 15. PANDA BEAR

Panda is the name for two nocturnal Asian mammals: the red panda and the giant panda. The red panda, also known as lesser
panda and cat bear, is found at high elevations in the Himalayas. It resembles a raccoon but has a longer body and tail and a more
rounded head. Its thick fur is rust color to deep chestnut, with black on the under parts, limbs, and ears. The red panda spends
much of its time in trees but feeds on the ground, eating primarily bamboo leaves but also fruit and roots. The giant panda
superficially resembles a bear. The body is chiefly white, and the limbs are brownish black, with the dark color extending up over
the shoulder. The ears and eye patches are black. Giant pandas live in restricted areas of the high mountain bamboo forests of
central China; their diet consists entirely of bamboo shoots. Rare in the wild, they produce young poorly when they are not in their
natural environment. Giant pandas are protected by law in China.
1. It can be understood from the passage that ----.
A) all the nocturnal mammals in China are called panda
B) the diets of the red panda and the giant panda are not totally the same
C) there are no pandas in China for the time being
D) the under parts, limbs, and ears of the giant panda are all white
E) bamboo shoots are an important part of the diets of the people living in China
2. It is clear from the passage that ----.
A) giant pandas do have breeding problems in captivity
B) the red panda is also called raccoon in the Himalayas
C) the giant panda never spends its time in trees
D) cat bear is a more dangerous animal than the red panda
E) bears and pandas can live together in their natural environment
3. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
A) though they share a name, red and giant pandas are not alike in many ways
B) the number of the bamboo forests of China is decreasing
C) red pandas usually live on chestnuts just like giant pandas
D) it is surprising that the giant pandas are not in danger of becoming extinct
E) all the mammals at high elevations in the Himalayas are nocturnal Submit Worksheet Clear

TEST 16. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN

Although there is a great deal of variation within each gender, on the average men and women discuss a surprisingly different
range of topics. According to some studies, women and men ranging in age from seventeen to eighty described the range of topics
each discussed with friends of the same sex. Certain topics were common to both men and women: work, movies, and television
proved to be frequent topics for both groups. The differences between men and women were more striking than the similarities.
Female friends spent much more time discussing personal and domestic subjects, relationship problems, family, health and
reproductive matters, weight, food and clothing. Men, on the other hand, were more likely to discuss music, current events, sports
and business. Women were more likely to gossip about close friends and family. By contrast, men spent more time gossiping
about sports figures and media personalities. These differences can lead to frustration when men and women try to converse with
one another.
1. It is stated in the passage that women ----.
A) are unwilling to discuss personal subjects
B) are more interested in discussing relationship problems than are men
C) never talk about other men and women
D) don't like gossiping about anything
E) discuss more important issues than men
2. According to the passage, men ----.
A) need to learn to communicate better
B) like talking about movies and television as much as women do
C) are not likely to gossip on anything
D) have no common topics with women
E) get frustrated more whenever they try to converse with women
3. The passage mainly discusses ----.
A) what women's conversational topics are
B) why men don't like conversing with women
C) the topics men like discussing
D) why women talk more than men
E) the conversational topics of men and women

TEST 17. WOMEN TAKING THE HUSBANDS NAME

Many women in Western society, aware of the power of names to influence identity, are aware that choosing how to identify
themselves alter marriage can be a significant decision. They may follow the tradition of taking their husband's last name,
hyphenate their own name and their husband's, or keep their birth name. One fascinating survey reveals that a woman's choice is
likely to reveal a great deal about herself and her relationship with her husband. Women who take their husband's name place the
most importance on relationships. On the other hand, women who keep their birth names put their personal concerns ahead of
relationships and social expectations. Female forms of address influence others' perceptions as well. Research conducted in the
late 1980s showed that women who choose the title Ms give the impression of being more achievement oriented, socially self-
confident, and dynamic but less interpersonally warm than counterparts who prefer the more traditional forms Miss or Mrs.
1. According to the passage, women who take their husband's name ----.
A) are achievement oriented
B) give importance to their relationship
C) are considered somewhat selfish by others
D) are usually the dominant partner in the marriage
E) don't like to be called by the title Ms
2. We conclude from the passage that the names and titles women choose after getting married ----.
A) actually reveal a lot about themselves
B) concern others, especially their husbands, a great deal
C) have nothing to do with how women perceive their relationships with their husbands
D) have caused a great concern in Western societies since 1980s
E) show whether they are successful or not
3. it is stated in the passage that women who use the title Ms ----.
A) are generally very warm and sensitive
B) tend to be traditional in their outlook regarding marriage
C) like to show that they are more achievement oriented
D) are somewhat considered as selfish by others
E) are the ones who use both their husband's and their own last name together

TEST 18. IS TOO MUCH TOGETHERNESS ANNOYING?

I've heard of the problems newly retired men and their wives face because of too much togetherness. I was always amused by the
way they so often get on each other's nerves. I never thought I'd face such a problem, but it's been two months now, and matters
around are pretty bad. I ran out of patience. As soon as our son, Mike, leaves home, Dave busies himself by following me around,
inquiring into my household routines. I have tried to interest him in any number of activities with little success. "What you really
need is a job." I told him knowing he would never be able to find one at this age. You'd think that someone with so much
intelligence, someone I truly love, would not be totally annoying when faced to change their routine.
1. The author says that before she faced the same thing, ----.
A) she always belittled couples who tended to be nagging at each other all the time
B) she hardly believed that retirement could reverse nice relations in a marriage
C) her husband always seemed to be a potential problem for their happy family
D) she couldn't understand how much happiness her husband's retirement would bring
E) she knew exactly which problems were waiting for them
2. As it is said in the passage, she cannot help getting nervous at her husband ----.
A) who is constantly trying to intervene in her house-hold affairs
B) who needs to rest now, which he really deserves after years of working
C) because he is an intelligent man and loving husband
D) although she loves Dave who hates being hurt
E) for the fact that he couldn't get accustomed to living idly
3. The writer is surprised to see that ----.
A) her husband is very helpful
B) she will not have to bare her fussy husband any more
C) she will be counting the days to send Mike to school
D) she loves him more than she thought
E) change of routine affects someone so much

TEST 19. EXPERIMENTING ON ANIMALS

Life processes are similar in all animals with backbones. So physiologists can find out a lot about the human body by studying
animals such as frogs, rats and rabbits. Sometimes research involves the death of these animals. But physiologists take great care
not to hurt the animals. The animals are usually put to sleep during the experiments so they do not feel pain. Many people think
animals should not be used for experiments. But it is only by physiological research that medicine has been able to advance. Polio
is a disease that attacks the nerves. Millions of people have been protected from polio by a fluid called a vaccine. Tissue from
monkeys is used to make the vaccine.
1. According to the passage, ----.
A) animals with bones are of no great importance in experimental researches
B) animals can die if not vaccinated by experimental team
C) although many people resist against animals being utilized in researches, it is necessary
D) by the help of experimental researches, millions of people have been protected against rats and frogs
E) rats, frogs and rabbits are grown for only experimental researches
2. Experimental researches ----.
A) are of paramount significance for the polio infected monkeys
B) are the mere way that medicine can progress
C) are carried out to remove infected tissues from the animals
D) include only reptiles to discover the vaccines
E) can be hazardous as much as polio
3. It's clearly stated in the passage that ----.
A) millions of people have been killed by polio disease so far
B) physiologists can cure rats, rabbits and frogs as well as people
C) experimental animals are first put to sleep and then used for research
D) monkeys are usually infected with polio
E) the discovery of the remedy to fatal diseases lies in using monkeys

TEST 20. POISONOUS SNAKES

The most dangerous animals on the North American continent, by a margin of 1000 to one, are not bears, mountain lions or
wolves but poisonous snakes. Attacks occur far more frequently than most people suspect; 6500 to 7000 humans are bitten by
venomous snakes in the United States each year. Fortunately, the death rate from snakebite is low, largely because of widespread
knowledge about snakes and the fact that in most cases treatment is prompt. Yet for the victims, even though they survive, the
ordeal is a dreadful experience sometimes resulting weeks or months of illness, permanent crippling, the loss of a hand or foot, or
other lasting handicaps.
1. The North American continent ----.
A) has the most dangerous animal in the world
B) suffers much from wolves than bears
C) cannot bear mountain lions and wolves
D) is usually subject to poisonous snake attacks
E) can guess the time of attacks of snakes
2. The death rate from snakebite ----.
A) is quite high despite the well-informed people
B) cannot be estimated by citizens in America
C) created much more problems due to lack of knowledge
D) deterred people not to go out during the day
E) is considered to be small regarding the number of bites
3. According to the passage, snakebite ----.
A) doesn't need immediate treatment
B) usually causes death
C) is a sort of danger for people
D) has only about 6500 victims
E) only creates illness

TEST 21. SUNSET

When the air is clear, the sunset will appear yellow, because the light from the sun has passed a long distance through air and the
blue light has been scattered away. If the air is polluted with small particles, natural or otherwise, the sunset will be more red.
Sunsets over the sea may also be orange, due to salt particles in the air. The sky around the sun is seen reddened, as well as the
light coming directly from the sun. This is because all light is scattered relatively well through small angles, but blue light is then
more likely to be scattered twice over the greater distances, leaving the yellow, red and orange colors.
1. As it is pointed out in the passage, the color of the sunset ----.
A) may be lighter than expected due to salt particles in the air
B) is red if the sky is clear
C) owes its blueness to the distance between the sun and the earth
D) is a combination of all the colors
E) depends on the weather conditions and the location where it takes place
2. One can infer from the passage that the sunset looks yellow because ----.
A) scattering does not play an appreciable role in determining the color of the transmitted light
B) the blue light is scattered on the long way through the air at that time
C) the light coming directly from the sun is blue
D) the air is polluted to such a degree that the Earth's climate is actually changing
E) sunsets generally take place on the sea
3. As it is pointed out in the passage, ----.
A) our eyes are more sensitive to light with blue frequencies
B) the red light passes easily through the air without scattering at all
C) when the sun sets, only the blue light is left
D) the sunset is likely to look orange when small particles, such as salt from sea spray, are in the air
E) by the time the light from a sunset gets to you, only red light remains

TEST 22. WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE

Earthquake is a sudden movement in Earth's crust which produces vibration. These vibrations may be detectable only by sensitive
instruments called seismographs, or else they may kill thousands as they destroy cities. Many earthquakes are caused when rocks
move along faults. Severe earthquakes are most common near the edges of the "plates" in the Earth's crust, such as around the
Pacific Ocean, along the mid-Atlantic ridge and in the Mediterranean and South- West Asian regions. They occur when the plates
move. So me earthquakes are caused by volcanic action, explosions and other factors, Earthquakes under the sea trigger off huge
waves called tsunamis.
1. According to the passage, ----.
A) rocks move when the earthquakes occur
B) seismographs may devastate cities if not detected
C) earthquakes are caused by huge waves called tsunamis
D) earthquakes are more likely to happen where there are faults
E) sudden movements in the earth's crust are called volcanic eruptions
2. It's obvious in the passage that ----.
A) many big cities are founded upon the faults
B) big cities are more likely to confront earthquakes
C) the Pacific Ocean is the most likely place for the earthquakes
D) movement of rocks along the faults trigger tsunamis
E) Earth's most perilous places are the Pacific Ocean, the Mid-Atlantic, South-West Asia and the Mediterranean
3. We can understand from the passage that ----.
A) some of the volcanic blasts are caused by earthquakes
B) tsunamis are more likely to exist in the Mediterranean and the Mid-Atlantic
C) severe earthquakes cannot be detected beforehand
D) movements of plates leads to big earthquakes
E) faults are created by the detectable vibrations

TEST 23. BRINGING UP CHILDREN

In bringing up children, every parent, regardless of ethnicity, income, education, or geographic location, watches eagerly the
child's acquisition of each new skill. However, it is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, which can
set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use
a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the
other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life
and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some
may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severed over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In
general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own
benefit.
1. According to the passage, in the process of children's learning new skills, parents ----.
A) must encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B) should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
C) never expect too much of their children
D) should create as many learning opportunities as possible for themselves
E) must exert strict control over the children
2. It is pointed out in the reading that ----.
A) parents should be strict with their children
B) parental controls reflect only the needs of the .parents and the values of the community
C) parents must maintain strict control over their children's pocket money
D) parents often enforce strict regulations on their children's eating habits
E) parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone
3. As we understand from the passage, watching the child's acquisition of new skills ----.
A) sets up dangerous states of worry in the parents
B) is universal among parents
C) ensures the security of their children
D) will make him lose interest in learning new things
E) is what parenting is all about Submit Worksheet Clear

TEST 24. STUDENTS LEARNING

One of the major processes that takes place in schools, of course, is that students learn. When they graduate from high school,
many can use a computer, write essays with three-part theses, and differentiate equations. In addition to learning specific skills,
they learn to think critically, to weigh evidence and to develop independent judgment. The extent to which this development takes
place is related to both school and home environments. Teachers who are more open to new ideas and less authoritarian produce
students who have greater intellectual flexibility and higher achievement test scores. Studies show that teachers are most
demanding when they are of the same social class as their students. The greater the difference between their own social class and
that of their pupils, the more rigidly they structure their classrooms and the fewer demands they place on their students.
1. It is stated in the passage that teachers who are more open to new ideas ----.
A) produce more successful students in terms of test scores and intellectual flexibility
B) often come from a lower social class than their students
C) are more authoritarian towards students
D) discourage intellectual flexibility in schools
E) give students more homework
2. We learn from the reading that when students graduate from high school ----.
A) none of them are able to think critically
B) they can take the overall responsibility of anything
C) all of them have a good knowledge of computer usage
D) many of them have gained specific skills like writing essays and differentiating equations
E) most of them lack knowledge because of unavailability of ideal learning conditions
3. According to the reading, it is true that ----.
A) teachers who are from a higher social class than their students should be hired
B) it is not so difficult to constitute ideal learning conditions
C) with close supervision every student can get high test scores
D) both the school and home environments greatly influence a student's achievement in school
E) students learn best in a rigid classroom environment

TEST 25. FEARS OF CHILDREN

Parents teach their children to be fearful and cautious of specific dangers, such as fire or crossing the road. Anxiety can be useful,
because it helps protect the child from harm. However, children can be fearful of situations or objects that adults don't consider
threatening. The sources of fear may change as the child matures; for example, a fear of the dark or monsters under the bed may
give way to fears of burglary or violence. Tactics that don't work include teasing the child for being afraid, or compelling them to
confront fearful situations. Helping the child to deal with fear includes taking their feelings seriously, encouraging them to talk
about their anxieties, telling them the facts, and giving them the opportunity to confront their fears at their own pace and with your
support.
1. It is stated in the article that ----.
A) parents should not teach their children to be cautious of specific dangers
B) the best way to avoid fears during childhood is to ignore them
C) every single child has a fear of burglary and violence
D) making fun of the child's fears is the best way to get rid of them
E) the fears of the childhood can lead to some other fears in the adulthood
2. It is clear from the passage that forcing the child to face his fears directly ----.
A) works when the child isn't eager to talk about his fears
B) helps the child to learn the facts and realities
C) may protect him from same certain dangers
D) can be useful with same trivial fears
E) is not a good way to follow
3. It can be understood from the article that adults ----.
A) prefer to cope with difficult situations at their own pace
B) should talk to the child about his fears in an open and honest way
C) may have same fears but may not be aware of them
D) do not want to talk about their own fears unlike children
E) are much more vulnerable to fearful situations than children

TEST 26. IS TEA BENEFICIAL?

Tea had a reputation for being both safe and almost always beneficial. However, scientists are now suggesting that tea may not be
as safe as we had previously believed. Tea contains caffeine, and caffeine has been linked to sleeplessness and to the unpleasant
jumpy feeling some people get when stressed. More seriously, there is a link between miscarriages, and pregnant women are
advised to reduce their intake of tea until after their baby is born. Due to its critical side-effects, some people who like tea choose
to be safer and drink a beverage from which the caffeine has been removed, decaffeinated tea, but many claim that it simply
doesn't taste right. The reasonable thing to do is probably moderation; continue to enjoy a cup of tea, but don't have too many!
1. As it is pointed out in the passage, tea used to be considered to be ----.
A) having no damaging effect on people's health
B) beneficial in moderation
C) more dangerous than alcohol
D) causing jumpy feeling if drunk excessively
E) the only drink which people enjoyed in the morning
2. According to the passage, tea can be dangerous because it ----.
A) causes people to suffer from stress more than ever
B) makes all drinkers nervous and unable to sleep
C) reduces miscarriages if it is drunk too much by a pregnant woman
D) may bring about many illnesses that cannot be cured easily
E) may cause losing your baby before he/she is born
3. The writer points out that the best solution is to drink ----.
A) decaffeinated tea
B) instant coffee
C) tea in moderation
D) other beverages like hot chocolate
E) no tea at all

TEST 27. STRUGGLE AGAINST OBESITY

Obese people don't want pity and we don't want anything but a hand up so we can get back to work. Some of us would like to
contribute and even pay taxes again but we need some assistance. There are all kinds of programs assisting young people to go to
school, like student loans and grants. This really large group of our population could benefit from some sort of program that might
involve education, liposuction, special footwear, and a part-time personal trainer who would develop individualized solutions for
each person. Let's get some intelligent kind of operation going. Let's develop a war on fat.
1. According to the passage, the obese people want ----.
A) a lot of money to live without working
B) assistance to live a normal life
C) some hospitals for cosmetic surgeries to remove their fats
D) to pay taxes for everything that they buy
E) students loan and grant
2. It's understood from the passage that an assistance program ----.
A) may consist of education, liposuction or special footwear
B) will provide a lot of money to the fats
C) will be available next year
D) is use in all over the country
E) is available only for obese people
3. The author suggests that obese people ---.
A) to make war against all kinds of programs
B) to help their peers
C) to struggle against obesity
D) to be more educated
E) fight with the enemy harshly

TEST 28. HOW TO DISCIPLINE CHILDRENS BEHAVIOR

A book has just been published to help parents to deal with their children's naughty behavior at home. The author, Dr James
Bruno, says that the first positive discipline technique is for parents to remain calm because nervous parents don't get good results.
Parents who cannot often remain calm find that their children stop taking any notice of them. The second challenge is to know
how to correct bad behavior in an effective way. For instance, punishing children by preventing them from watching their favorite
TV program is not an ideal solution. Dr Bruno believes parents should establish clear rules for children to follow. If children
refuse to follow these, they know they will be disciplined. Finally, the most effective way of encouraging good behavior is to give
positive feedback as often as possible, to show that it is not only naughtiness that attracts attention.
1. According to the article, when parents get angry too often, ----.
A) they yell at their children to make them obey an order
B) they tell them off in front of their friends
C) children often act as if they didn't hear them
D) they utter increasing number of verbal warnings
E) children get scared and obey their parents
2. The author of the book seems to suggest that in order to discipline children, parents first of all should ----.
A) find an effective way to correct their children's behavior
B) treat them as harshly as possible
C) stop beating them
D) not lose their temper
E) teach them how they have to behave themselves
3. We learn from the reading that ----.
A) clear rules which are set by the parent must be followed by the children unconditionally
B) restricting the activities that children like doing is not useful when disciplining a child
C) giving feedback all the time is not advised when correcting bad behavior
D) he book by Dr James Bruno helped the parents a lot who try to discipline their naughty children
E) the best punishment for naughty children hasn't been suggested in Dr Bruno's book

TEST 29. ALCOHOL AND WOMEN INFERTILITY

Alcohol consumption may be linked to a women's risk of infertility, say researches supported by the National Institute of Child
Health. In a study of nearly 6000 women, researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health looked at Data from those
evaluated at seven infertility clinics. After adjusting for other factors that could affect results, such as age and cigarette smoking,
researchers found a strong association between alcohol (more than the equivalent of seven cans of beer a week) and infertility due
to ovulation problems. The inability to conceive was about 30 percent more likely to occur in women who drank moderately and
about 60 percent more likely in women who drank heavily.
1. The researchers supported by the National Institute of Child Health ----.
A) took care of women who're suffering from alcohol
B) have spent a lot of money on fertility
C) have been victims of infertility
D) said alcohol may affect women's fertility
E) have also worked for Harvard University
2. According to the passage, one can assume that women who are infertile, ----.
A) possibly drink more than seven cans of beer a week
B) are students at Harvard university
C) smoked a lot of cigarettes when they were very young
D) used to go hospitals because of serious problems
E) really don't like babies and some of them hate babies
3. The passage tells us that ----.
A) smoking is not as harmful as alcohol
B) a lot of researches have been done on smoking
C) we are unaware of the side-effects of infertility
D) beer is also a kind of alcohol
E) women who drink heavily have the risk of infertility

TEST 30. TV EFFECTS ON CHILDREN

A recent opinion poll discovered that many people were very concerned about the amount of sex and violence depicted in movies,
television shows, and popular music. This poll also discovered, however, that most people thought that individuals should take
responsibility to correct the problems. The vast majority favored such solutions as tighter parental supervision, warning labels on
records, and voluntary self-restraints by entertainment companies. Only 27 per cent favored government censorship. At the same
time, there was growing concern about the impact of television on children. Research has shown that by the time our children
reach age 18, they have spent more time watching television than in school. The problem was that our television system was
attuned to the marketplace. Children are treated as a market to be sold to advertisers at so much money per thousand eyeballs.
1. According to the reading, to prevent the bad effects of television, only a minority ----.
A) support individual action
B) say parents should supervise their children
C) believe in the necessity of censorship applied by governments
D) think television companies have to control their own broadcasting
E) require the records be put labels
2. It is stated in the passage that ----.
A) many people think pop music videos are not so violent as movies
B) movies today are a good means to show the young the possible dangers awaiting for them in the real world
C) parents believe there should be more TV shows on television suitable for the young's sexual education
D) television has covered more place in an eighteen-year-old teenager's life than school
E) parents believe schools are the places where our children first learn what violence is
3. It is emphasized in the reading that ----.
A) many children have eyesight problems due to watching television excessively
B) children are a main focus of the advertisers
C) there are not enough advertisements on television
D) our television shows should be designed according to our children's preferences
E) children should learn what to watch on television at school

TEST 31. HOMELESS PEOPLE

The sad situation of the homeless remains a problem. It is difficult to estimate how many people are homeless because the number
depends on how the homeless are defined. There are street people - those who sleep in bus stations, parks, and other areas. Many
of these people are youthful runaways. There are the so-called sheltered homeless - those who sleep in government supported or
privately funded shelters. Many of these individuals used to live with their families or friends. While street people are almost
always single, the sheltered homeless include numerous families with children. Conservatives argue that many homeless are
alcoholics, drug users, or mentally ill. In contrast, many liberals argue that homelessness is caused by a reduction in welfare
benefits and by excessively priced housing. They want more shelters to be built for the homeless.
1. We can understand from the reading that the number of homeless people ----.
A) is not so great as many people think
B) is on the increase in many countries
C) is counted annually
D) is difficult to know
E) has been decreasing for the past decade
2. According to the passage, liberals ----.
A) think that the problem of homelessness cannot be solved
B) want more shelters for the homeless
C) are of the opinion that most homeless people are mentally ill
D) want the government to ban sleeping on park benches
E) believe that it is not possible to cure the problem of homelessness even with a consistent government policy
3. It is clearly stated in the reading that the sheltered homeless ----.
A) are mostly youthful runaways
B) sleep in parks or in bus stations
C) can have families with children
D) are generally drug users and alcoholics
E) are in worse conditions than street people

TEST 32. PRIDE AND PREJUDICE

Pride and Prejudice, by far the most popular of all Jane Austen's novels, requires no detailed description. Jane Austen said of it
that it "is rather too light, and bright, and sparkling; it wants shade," and this is perhaps the reason for its popularity. The precision
and vivacity of style carry the reader through the novel with ease and spirit; there is a sparkling life about the characters and
rainwashed freshness about the scenery which combine to make this gayest of Jane Austen's novels, in spite of deeper overtones
which emerge when Charlotte Lucas agrees to marry Mr. Collins or when Lydia is discovered to have run off with Wickham with
no prospect of marriage. The speed and ski ii with which the author moves into the story is remarkable.
1. According to the passage, Pride and Prejudice ----.
A) doesn't need elaborate explanation
B) is the most famous novel in English literature
C) doesn't require shade to be understood by the readers
D) is popular due to its vivacity of style
E) doesn't want popularity by the readers
2. It's implied in the passage that ----.
A) there is no promising life about the characters in the novel
B) Lydia and Wickham become happy after they have married
C) Charlotte Lucas had an unhappy life with Mr. Collin's
D) Jane Austen doesn't comment on her own book
E) the landscape of the novel adds lively atmosphere into it
3. Author Jane Austen confessed ----.
A) that she didn't write the novel on her own
B) the reasons why Pride and Prejudice is so popular
C) the ugliness of her novel
D) her own skill and ability to affect public
E) same solutions about Lydia's marriage
TEST 33. BLUE JEANS
Blue jeans are casual pants noted far their strength and comfort. Blue jeans in the form we know them today didn't come about
until the middle of the nineteenth century. Levi Strauss, an enterprising immigrant who happened to have a few bolts of blue
denim cloth on hand, recognized a need for strong work pants in the mining communities of California. He first designed and
marketed "Levi's" in 1850 and there have been only minor alterations to the original design since then. Blue jeans started
becoming popular among young people in the 1950s. In the year 1957, 150 million pairs were sold worldwide. This growing trend
continued until 1981. Although blue jeans have remained basically the same since they were first designed, they have always been
versatile enough to meet market demands.
1. It is clear from the passage that the first blue jeans were ----.
A) worn mainly because of their durability
B) not as strong as those of today
C) different in color from modern ones
D) designed in the 1950s
E) far from being useful for the miners
2. We can understand from the passage that the first jeans designed by Levi Strauss ----.
A) were mostly preferred by the young
B) were not completely different from the Levi's jeans worn today
C) sold 150 million pairs throughout the world
D) sold a lot though they were not cheap
E) lost their popularity in a few years
3. We can infer from the passage that no matter how little the jeans have changed since they were first produced, they ----.
A) have always been in demand
B) are still used in most of the mines in America
C) have always been more popular than other kinds of trousers
D) will undergo many alterations to the original design in the future
E) are still popular with the miners in California

TEST 34. AMERICAS EAGLE

America's Eagle The bald eagle, America's national bird, is the only eagle unique to North America. About half of the world's
70.000 bald eagles live in Alaska, making the northwest coast of North America by far their greatest stronghold for bald eagles.
They flourish here in part because of the salmon. Dead or dying fish are an important food source for all bald eagles. Eagles are a
member of the Accipitridae family, which also includes hawks, kites, and old-world vultures. Scientists loosely divide eagles into
four groups based on their physical characteristics and behavior. The bald eagle is a sea or fish eagle. Bald eagles were officially
declared an endangered species in 1967 in all areas of the United States. Though still protected in the U.S., the bald eagle is no
longer considered an endangered species today.
1. According to the passage it is true that the bald eagle ----.
A) is still under the danger of becoming extinct
B) has been the national bird of America since 1967
C) lives together with the birds of Accipitridae family such as hawks and kites
D) cannot be seen in any other place in the world except North America
E) has to feed only on salmon today
2. It is clearly understood from the passage that there are ----.
A) many other animals in America that are on the point of becoming extinct
B) unknown bald eagle populations in the U.S. according to the scientists
C) a lot more than 70.000 bald eagles all around the world
D) no measures to protect the bald eagle in Alaska
E) other places in America that bald eagles can survive in addition to Alaska
3. We can infer from the passage that since the declaration of bald eagles as an endangered species in 1967 ----.
A) the bald eagle has spread all around America
B) the number of the birds has increased
C) many measures, one of which is to provide them with enough food, have been taken
D) many other species have been neglected
E) scientists have learned nothing about them

TEST 35. ADAPTING TO CHANGE

Sometimes an animal copes with a changed situation, not by adapting to it, but by moving away from it to another location. There,
it may still have to adapt, but the type of adaptation may be easier. There are primitive races of man that have attempted to avoid
the pressures or changes that civilization brings. They have had to adjust to living in remote or harsh conditions. Examples are the
pygmies of the Congo who have escaped into the thickest jungles which are full of dangers. They have learned to obtain a living
there and to cope with wild animals. African bushmen manage to live off the arid Kalahari Desert where there is hardly any other
life. Life is tough for the bushmen but they are left in peace. These social adaptations could well lead to biological adaptations
over a number of generations, but this is a very slow progress and it is unlikely that any single person would be aware of it taking
place.
1. Instead of adapting, an animal ----.
A) goes around for finding a prey
B) prefers not to live in another environment
C) is in need of food and water
D) must find ways to feed itself
E) moves into different habitat from time to time
2. Some earliest human beings ----.
A) have nothing to do with adaptation
B) are not primitive at all
C) had to live in distant and unpleasant environment
D) become civilized easily
E) had never tried to beware the changes of civilization
3. It is clear in the passage that ----.
A) life is hard for the bushmen so they gave up
B) the pygmies of the Congo were subject to the dangers of wild animals
C) Possibly the slow change is stilt taking place in mankind today
D) No man has more difficulties than African bushmen
E) There is no obligation for human beings to find a new environment

TEST 36. ALBERT EINSTEIN

Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in the German city of Ulm. He was no prodigy as infant. In fact he was so late to speak that his
parents were concerned he was fool. In school, his teachers saw no special talent in him though the signs of his intelligence were
there. He taught himself calculus for example, and it is said that his teachers seemed a little afraid of him because he asked
questions they could not answer. His gift was no secret. At the age of 16, he asked himself whether a light wave would seem
stationary if one ran with it. It may seem like a strange question, but it shows that Einstein was digging deep to the heart of a
problem. Ten years later would arise his theory of relativity.
1. Albert Einstein ----.
A) is the most genius scientist of all
B) was born in the 18th century
C) was spoiled by his teachers in school
D) worried his parents of lacking intelligence
E) seemed special as early as at his infancy
2. When he was in school, Einstein ----.
A) showed no signals about his genius
B) was afraid of his teachers due to their innocent questions
C) asked difficult questions to his teachers
D) was understood as genius by public when he was a teenager
E) couldn't learn science
3. It's obvious in the passage, Einstein's ----.
A) genius was a gift
B) character was perfect to most of his teachers
C) life encouraged most of the scientist in the world
D) theory of relativity couldn't have been found without him
E) question was the origin of his theory of relativity

TEST 37. HOW TO LIVE LONGER

How To Live Longer A group of researchers has demonstrated that pleasure and positive states of mind are better for our health.
This new intellectual approach to health is not only more powerful, but also has no side effects. Central to this claim are recent
findings that eve n getting an education may add as much as 10 years to your health. That is why National Geographic featured
John de Rosen in its book The Incredible Machine, which discussed old age. De Rosen, an artist, continued to paint until the week
he died at age 91. The book notes: "Same scientists believe that retirement to a sedentary lifestyle initiates or aggravates medical
problems, thus shortening life. According to a study of retired people, adults over 65 can learn a creative skill, like oil painting, as
readily as younger students." So retiring from a job in a sense means retiring from life unless supplemented by some other,
preferably new activity.
1. It's implied in the passage that De Rosen -----.
A) passed away while he was painting his last picture
B) was the author of the book The Incredible Machine
C) questioned his spinster-hood before he died
D) proved National Geographic's claim about the effects of work on people's life-duration
E) owed his long life to getting an education
2. As Incredible Machine's note suggests some scientists believed that retirement to a sedentary lifestyle ----.
A) deteriorates one's health considerably
B) makes his life longer than working man
C) forces one to find new hobbies
D) comforts the older to some extent
E) enables him to have more spare time
3. It can be inferred from the passage that there is no ----.
A) difference in learning a creative skill between adults over 65 and younger students
B) success in the researchers' experiments
C) activity after retiring from a job
D) pleasure in developing one 's abilities
E) intention to get a creative skill for most of adults

TEST 38. LONG LIVING TREE

The Brazil nut tree is one of the Amazon's longest living trees, of an age 1,000 years. Its flowers depend on bees for pollination.
Once pollinated, a coconut-sized seed containing some tiny 20 seeds, develops for over 15 months before falling to the forest
floor. They are found exclusively in Amazon forests since harvesting is exhausting, even for the strong. Apart from bees and the
Brazil nut harvesters, the life of many other plants and animals is intertwined with this tree. The empty seeds fill with rainwater
and provide breeding grounds for flies, frogs, all of which depend on these small ponds on the forest floor.. The major threat to the
trees is forest clearing. Sustainable harvesting of Brazil nuts is therefore vital way to provide protection of forests and saving the
Amazon.
1. We can clearly understand from the passage that the Brazil nut ----.
A) has been harvested throughout South American countries as it is beneficial for their economy
B) is only found in Amazon forests because harvesting it requires demanding work
C) is the only foo d bees show interest in
D) is the fruit of the longest living tree in Amazon region
E) must be harvested in 15 months after it has been planted
2. We can infer from the passage that when considered ecologically ----.
A) seeds of the Brazil nut spread through many countries of the world through pollination
B) the empty seeds provide breeding grounds for all the animals in the Amazon
C) bees depend mainly on the flowers of Brazil nut trees to survive
D) the Brazil nut is important not only for some animals but also the Amazon's survival
E) the Brazil nut can only grow in places where there are flies and frogs
3. It is clearly pointed out in the passage that ----.
A) since the Brazil nut tree only grows in the Amazon, it is the main attraction of this region
B) the process of pollination can be disturbed by the interference of bees
C) the reason why the Brazil nut is important for some animals is that its seeds serve like water ponds for them
D) it is necessary to restrict the growth of the Brazil nut to save the Amazon
E) the first cultivation of the Brazil nut in the Amazon dates back 1000 years ago

TEST 39. SUKARNO THE GREAT LEADER

He was that rare figure: a natural-born leader, tailored for greatness. When he was but a child his mother had whispered to him,
"My son, you are a child of the dawn. You will be a man of glory, a great leader of your people." Sukarno never forgot those
words. Liberating his land from 350 years of colonial rule, he molded many disparate peoples into a nation that became the fifth
most populous in the world, one of the richest of all in natural resources. He gave his people a language of their own, raised their
literacy rate from six to above 55 percent, gave them an intense from pride in being Indonesians. He had monumental talents: an
oratorical gift that could sway and charm, an abundance of that indefinable mystique called "charisma." Responding, his people
gave him loyalty beyond love, reverence approaching god-worship.
1. Sukarno is a man who ----.
A) is endowed with leadership
B) used to design clothes when he was a child
C) had a natural-born great mother
D) caused people to be rebellious against the government
E) tried to speak a figurative language
2. It's stated in the passage that Sukarno ----.
A) is the only child of his parents
B) couldn't liberate his land from colonial rule
C) built a nation out of separate communities
D) opposed giving his public their own language
E) became the fifth most popular leader in the world
3. After having freed his land from colonial rule, Sukarno ----.
A) suddenly built a monument dedicated to himself
B) caused his people to be ashamed of themselves
C) increased the population of Indonesia
D) became a governor of Indonesia
E) increased the level of literacy of his people

TEST 40. PRINCESS DIANA

Diana, Princess of Wales, became famous when she decided to marry Prince Charles. She became the most photographed person
in the world. Everywhere she went, there were photographers taking pictures of her and people were very interested in her clothes,
where she went on holiday and who she was with. They were also interested in the problems between her and her husband. When
they divorced she remained very popular. In addition to her image as a 'star', Princess Diana used her influence to attract attention
to some charities. She was very sympathetic to all people who were ill and unhappy and dedicated time to helping them and
drawing public attention to their problems. She used to visit homeless people regularly and did a lot of work for the National
AIDS Trust; she visited people suffering from AIDS.
1. It is implied in the passage that before her marriage to Prince Charles, Diana was ----.
A) widowed by another Prince of Wales
B) an unknown figure to public
C) one of the relatives to his family
D) followed by an army of photographers
E) was one of the victims of the epidemic AIDS
2. It can be understood from the passage that Diana and Charles ----.
A) got on well due to her sympathy with children
B) were expected to get divorced soon after the wedding
C) had children before their marriage
D) ended up in a marriage failure
E) visited the hospitals in poor regions
3. It is easy to infer from the passage that ----.
A) Prince Charles married someone else after separation
B) the Royal Family never approved Diana's marriage to Prince Charles
C) the National AIDS Trust was one of the clubs which Diana was a member of
D) one photographer caused Diana to die in a car accident
E) Diana wasn't indifferent to suffering people

TEST 41. MAHALIA JACKSON

Mahalia Jackson was born into a preacher's family in 1911, and she grew up in a riverfront shanty in New Orleans. She was
motherless at five, working as a maid and loudness in her mid-teens. As a little girl, she would whisper to herself before she went
to sleep, "someday the sun is going to shine down on me in some faraway place." In pursuit of that dream, Mahalia migrated to
Chicago when she was still a teenager. She never expected to support herself by singing, and by the time I joined her, the hands
she used so expressively in her performances had scrubbed floors, laundered and helped her earn a living as a hotel maid, factory
worker, beautician and florist. But her remarkable voice brought her more and more invitations to sing-at funerals, in churches, at
concerts. And, through her warm friendly personality and a life based on sound spiritual values and hard work, she eventually
found her place in the sun.
1. It is stated in the passage that Mahalia ----.
A) had no mother during her whole life
B) lived in a fashionable house in New Orleans
C) was orphaned when she wasn't even a teenager
D) become a servant at the age of five
E) grew up in a religious family
2. One can infer from the passage that Mahalia ----.
A) always dreams when she puts her head on the pillow
B) never wanted the sun to set
C) worked only as a maid during her middle age
D) left her own city when she was ten
E) never thought she was going to become a singer
3. Mahalia Jackson ----.
A) used to sing only at funerals
B) never fulfilled her dreams
C) always found a seat under the sunrays
D) had no spiritual values but she was hardworking
E) also earned a living by selling flowers
TEST 42. WHAT IS A VIRUS MADE OF?
All viruses are made up of two kinds of substance. First, all viruses contain proteins. Proteins are chemical substances that occur
in all living creatures. A particle, or molecule, of a protein consists of a long chain of substances called amino acids. There are
about 20 different kinds of amino acid in proteins. These can be arranged in any order on the protein chain. Different kinds of
plant or animal contain proteins with different arrangements of amino acids. The protein generally forms the outer coat of a virus.
This outer layer of protein encloses the second kind of substance found in all viruses - nucleic acid.
1. It is clear from the passage that ----.
A) proteins are greatly damaged by viruses
B) the amount of proteins differs in each animal or plant
C) few proteins are without amino acids
D) it is impossible to find a living thing with no proteins
E) a virus's resistance depends on the amount of proteins it contains
2. The arrangement of amino acids ----.
A) is very simple in the proteins of the viruses
B) is determined by the kinds of proteins
C) can be harmed if too many viruses confront the proteins
D) has nothing to do with proteins
E) varies among each living thing
3. The second substance of the viruses ----.
A) consists of only amino acids
B) is usually the part covered by proteins
C) protects it from outer effects
D) must contain at least 20 amino acids
E) is not as essential as the first one

TEST 43. IQ, EFFORT AND SUCCESS

Many people with high IQ scores fail to become successful due to lack of motivation, laziness, or short attention span. In contrast,
some people with low IQ succeed with greater personal dedication, systematic effort, and motivation. One can eliminate the
disadvantage that comes with a low IQ score by choosing the right career path. For example, one might have special talents for a
particular sport while failing to perform as well as the others academically. This can be justified with greater motivation and
dedication. Individuals will have greater motivation in pursuing careers they are skilled. They will like it more and put more effort
in it. One of the best ways parents can help is to help their children discover themselves and their skills.
1. Some very intelligent people can have failures because ----.
A) they have short life span
B) they focus on details too much
C) of various factors
D) they are expected to do so by the society
E) most of them have no analytic intelligence at all
2. People with low IQ scores may very well be successful ----.
A) but they lack motivation and personality
B) as they are praised by their teachers
C) since they devote themselves to their tasks and perform a great effort
D) although they have great abilities and intelligence
E) due to the encouragement of their close mates
3. We can infer from the passage that ----.
A) success is not always an indicator of intelligence
B) Western cultures focus on ability as the major determinant of success
C) an athlete can be successful in every sports if he has high IQ scores
D) infants adopted by privileged families tend to have higher IQs
E) talent is the key to a successful career

TEST 44. MENTAL ILLNESSES

There are many times when someone suffering from either mental illness or depression may not even realize there is a problem. I
have suffered from depression myself. I was completely unaware of what was wrong with me, my family doctor pointed it out to
me, as I did not have any one else around me that recognized the symptoms. It was hard for me to accept at first, but after having
the hard facts placed in front of my face and understanding that it may get worse, I had no choice but to get help. A lot of people
who suffer from such problems tend to be more alone than anyone realizes. I suspect that anyone who was unaware of their
condition would probably be shocked, as I was, to have someone confront them about it. A good friend would confront them
anyway, and hopefully they would seek help.
1. It can be understood from the passage that ----.
A) some doctors are unaware of their patients' problems
B) a lot of people have family doctors
C) mental illness is not a big problem today
D) people cannot easily realize their own mental illnesses
E) we have a lot of choices to become healthy
2. Someone who is suffering from either mental illness or depression ----.
A) should go to his family doctor
B) may give damage to other people
C) has to find his friends to talk about it
D) will one day realize everything if he wants
E) generally isn't aware of the condition
3. The author seems to be suggesting that ----.
A) large families generally have a family doctor
B) we cannot be aware of how much these ill people suffer
C) the people who are suffering from mental illness should go to doctors
D) everybody can easily accept their illness
E) there are a lot of people in our society who are suffering from mental illness

TEST 45. ATMOSPHERE OF VENUS

Data from the Pioneer spacecraft of NASA apparently prove the theory that the high surface temperature of Venus is due to an
atmospheric greenhouse effect caused mainly by a blanket of carbon dioxide. Such a greenhouse effect is created when energy in
the form of sunlight easily passes through a planet's atmosphere, warms its surface, and is converted to heat radiation that is then
held in by the atmosphere from top to bottom. Venus has a relatively thin atmosphere like the Earth's, but Venus' atmosphere
consists of more than ninety percent carbon dioxide, compared to less than four percent in that of the Earth. Because of its higher
percentage of carbon dioxide, Venus' atmosphere traps much more heat radiation than does the Earth's. Thus, the Venus studies
are believed to be important to the understanding of possible adverse effects on the Earth's agriculture that could result from the
long-term use of fossil fuels, which add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
1. According to the passage, data from the Venus study can be used to ----.
A) measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere accurately
B) increase the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
C) test the efficiency of the spacecraft sent to Venus by NASA
D) predict future agricultural problems on Earth
E) determine the topography and the surface characteristics of the Earth
2. We understand from the passage that the atmosphere of Venus ----.
A) is thinner than the atmosphere of the Earth
B) contains much more carbon dioxide than that of the Earth
C) traps less heat radiation compared to the atmosphere of the Earth
D) blocks out dangerous rays from the sun
E) is far colder than the atmospheres of other planets in our solar system
3. One can infer from the passage that ----.
A) there is no difference between the atmospheres of Venus and the Earth
B) the atmosphere of the Earth consists of mainly carbon dioxide
C) the more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the warmer the world will tend to get
D) lack of atmosphere causes a very high surface temperature on Venus
E) Venus had once enjoyed a climate of the sort hospitable to life

TEST 46. HOW DOES THE BRAIN WORK?

Theories about how brain works remain a topic of debate. It is agreed, though, that the hippocampus, a part of the brain, is
undeniably important for memory. When we experience something, the information is sent via our senses to the hippocampus,
where it is processed. Scientists believe that brain cells called neurons first transform the sensory stimuli we experience into
images in our immediate memory. Then, these images are sent to the hippocampus and stored temporarily in short term memory.
In the hippocampus information is organized, and it is during this process that parts of the image of our experience fade away.
Finally, certain information is then transferred to long term memory in a section in the frontal lobe of the brain known as the
cerebral cortex. Scientists think this process may happen while we are sleeping, but exactly how the information is transferred
from one area of the brain to another is a mystery.
1. This reading is mainly concerned with ----.
A) how to improve our memory
B) why some of the information in short term memory fades away
C) illness that results in severe memory loss
D) how human brain processes and stores information
E) the importance of neurons in transferring sensory stimuli
2. According to the passage scientists ----.
A) know that information is sent from the long term memory to the hippocampus
B) have found out why some of the information is lost in the hippocampus
C) don't know exactly how the information is transferred from one area of the brain to another
D) agree on how the brain works
E) still debate whether the hippocampus is important for memory
3. It is pointed out in the reading that ----.
A) the brain was not considered as a highly complex organ in the past
B) damage to hippocampus doesn't cause memory loss
C) all of the information stored in the short term is transferred to long time memory
D) hippocampus is in the frontal lobe of he brain
E) scientists agree that the hippocampus is important in processing information

TEST 47. PEOPLE WITH EXTRAORDINARY ABILITIES

Fictional stories about people who have extraordinary abilities have always attracted people's attention. One of them is the story of
Vera Petrova, who is able to perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. One day she comes into his
father's office and puts her hands on he door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asks her fa her why he keeps so many old newspapers
locked away there. Vera's curious talent is brought to the notice of a scientific research institute and she is given a series of tests
by a special commission. During these tests she manages to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and then she describes he
figures and colors of a picture hidden under a carpet. During all these tests Vera is blindfold; and, indeed, except when blindfold
she lacks the ability to perceive things with her skin. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this
ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.
1. As we understand from the reading, Vera Petrova ----.
A) can only perceive things with her fingers
B) is a curious child
C) is not the only fictional character who has extraordinary abilities
D) fails most of the tests administered by a special commission
E) perceives the objects only when her fingers are wet
2. It is pointed out in the reading that Vera Petrova loses the ability to perceive objects with her fingers ----.
A) when her father first notices this ability
B) when she is asked to read a newspaper through an opaque screen
C) after she is given a series of tests
D) as soon as her hands get wet
E) when the object is hidden under a carpet
3. According to the reading, ----.
A) Vera Petrova's father asks her why she keeps the old newspapers in the locked safe
B) the scientific research institute is not interested in Vera Petrova's talent
C) Vera can't perceive objects with her skin unless she is blindfold
D) there are several scientific research institutes which examine people like Vera
E) the special commission is made up by people who can also perceive objects with their skin

TEST 48. THE BERMUDA TRIANGLE

The Bermuda Triangle occupies a disturbing and almost unbelievable place in the world's catalog of unexplained mysteries. More
than a hundred planes and ships have vanished in this area into the air since 1945, and more than a thousand lives have been lost,
without a single body or even a piece wreckage from the vanishing planes or ships having been found. Many of the planes
concerned have vanished while in normal radio contact with their base until the very moment of their disappearance, while others
have radioed the most extraordinary messages, implying that they could not get their instruments to function, that their compasses
were spinning, that the sky had turned yellow and hazy on a clear day, and the ocean, which was calm nearby, didn't look right
without further clarification of what was wrong.
1. One can infer from the reading that ----.
A) the wreckages of some ships and planes have been found in the Bermuda Triangle
B) the number of incidents involving lost ships is no larger than that of any other heavily traveled region of the world
C) the ships. and the planes couldn't contact with their base due to the lack of equipment.
D) the weather in Bermuda Triangle is always stormy
E) the first mention of disappearances in the area was made in 1945
2. It is pointed out in the passage that ----.
A) thousands of people lost their lives in the Bermuda Triangle in 1945
B) all of the disappearances happened during the day time
C) the Bermuda Triangle mystery was solved in 1945
D) most of the missing planes could contact with their base by their own special means until the very moment of disappearing
E) the ocean floor near Bermuda, highly unexplored, is host to many strange phenomena
3. The reading mainly deals with ----.
A) why so many ships and planes disappear in the Bermuda Triangle
B) the mysterious disappearances of ships and planes in the Bermuda Triangle
C) the location of the Bermuda Triangle
D) the frequency of the disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle
E) the unpredictable weather conditions in the Bermuda Triangle

TEST 49. NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE

The National Health Service of the country was set up in 1948 shortly after the end of the Second World War. Its aim is to provide
free medical treatment for all patients who wish to take advantage of the service. However, it is still possible to obtain private
medical treatment and in this case the doctor charges a fee. To say that the National Health Service is free is not entirely true.
Every employed or self-employed person over sixteen years of age must put a stamp on an insurance card every week. This card is
issued by a government department called the Department of Health and Social Security. The stamp costs money and the amount
is constantly changing. Part of the cost of this stamp, in fact the greater part, is borne by the employer and it finances the National
Health Service together with many other social security benefits.
1. The National Health Service ----.
A) aims to provide free and private medical treatment without paying any money
B) is said to be completely free, however, it is not
C) pays the money of the stamps that patients should fit on the card
D) and Department of Health and Social Security are the same foundations
E) finances the fees the doctors' charge
2. It is stated in the passage that ----.
A) only the Department of Health aims to provide free medical treatment
B) self-employed people's expenses are paid by the National Health Service
C) people over sixteen can obtain benefit from the National Health Service on condition that they stick the stamp on insurance
card
D) free medical treatment is valid for the families of people of over sixteen years old as well
E) people should pay extra money if they want to obtain advantages other than medical treatment
3. One can infer from the passage that ----.
A) social security benefits need to be paid fees
B) the stamp is financed greatly by the person as well as the employer
C) government is issued by the National Health Service
D) every employed person needs private medical treatment
E) the stamped cards are accepted only by the governments

TEST 50. NUCLEAR DANGER

Our demand for electricity is climbing so fast that over the next decade our generating capacity must increase by a third. Fossil
fuels supply nearly three-quarters of this energy. But the smoke expelling coal, gas, and oil-fired plants are also responsible for
half of our air pollution. That might be considered as a small price to pay for progress. But there's an alternative, .one that
produces no smoke and can actually create more fuel than it consumes. In many regions it's even cheaper than coal-fired
electricity: nuclear power. It may directly bring danger of radioactivity to the mind, but if other types of power didn't present equal
and even worse problems, it would make no sense to consider nuclear power at all. But they do.
1. Although 3/4 of the electricity is generated from fossil fuels, ----.
A) we should consider the potential dangers of nuclear power
B) everything has got an expense; and nuclear power's is its radioactivity
C) it may contribute to global warming, the greenhouse effect
D) half of the air pollution is caused by the plants using them
E) coal also contains a surprising amount of radioactive material
2. It's claimed in the passage that nuclear power ----.
A) supplies three-quarters of the country's energy demand
B) is less dangerous and cheaper than other types of power
C) is a potential danger because it's radioactive
D) will present us a more polluted environment
E) is more expensive to generate, but not a pollutant
3. In the passage, the writer is worried that in the future ----.
A) fossil based plants might bring bigger problems than nuclear energy
B) there's not a better alternative than fossil fuels
C) nuclear waste might be more dangerous than air pollution
D) they will have to build nuclear power stations one day
E) there will always be possible dangers of nuclear power
TEST 51. INSECTS AND SPIDERS
Often mistaken for insects, spiders actually belong to a different classification of creatures, called arachnids. They're insects' worst
enemies. Although a few species, such as the black widow and the brown recluse, are dangerous, the majority are harmless to
humans. Moreover, they can be helpful. Pest control, for example is just one of the many ways spiders can help us. Because they
kill far more pests than commercial insecticides do. In the future, perhaps if farmers employ armies of spiders to protect their
fields, our grocery bills will be lower and our soil and water and food will have fewer pesticide remains.
1. Unlike many people think, ----.
A) spiders can be used in insecticide industry
B) the black widow is a dangerous species of the spider
C) spiders are the worst enemy of insects
D) same species of spiders are dangerous
E) a spider is not a kind of insect at all
2. The black widow and the brown recluse ----.
A) are often confused with other species of spiders
B) do the greatest harm to soil, water, and food
C) are two of the few dangerous species of spiders
D) don't belong to the classification of creatures called "arachnids."
E) are the most commonly used species of spiders in pest control
3. In the future, agricultural products might be cheaper and healthier if ----.
A) farmers used cheaper commercial insecticides
B) they found an effective way to get rid of spiders
C) some species of spiders weren't so harmful
D) armies of spiders are employed to protect the fields
E) insecticides destroy all the insects on the field

TEST 52. WHAT IS TIC?

A tic is a repeated, impulsive action, reflexive in nature, which the actor feels powerless to control or avoid. Only when the
individual performs the tic, is tension and anxiety released within the individual with a tic disorder. Tics can be triggered by an
emotional state or sensation, or can happen for no obvious reason. General types of tics include verbal tics, facial tics, and other
muscular tics. Physical and psychological therapy and medication can cause tics to go away, often permanently. Muscular tics
look something like twitches or quick grimaces, and often affect the eyes and hands. Muscular tics can affect multiple muscles at
once. Some forms of stuttering are caused by muscular tics in the throat, tongue, or vocal cords when speaking or preparing to
speak.
1. According to the reading, tics ----.
A) are nothing to be fearful of
B) are not voluntary movements and they can't be consciously controlled
C) can be stopped voluntarily for brief periods
D) do not need particular treatment
E) can be triggered by the use of medicinal drugs
2. As it is pointed out in the passage ----.
A) there is usually no need to see the health care provider for a tic
B) a tic can involve only one muscle at a time
C) people with tics often feel relief after the tic is over
D) drugs used to treat tics have a low rate of success
E) the most common cause of a tic is anxiety
3. One can infer from the passage that ----.
A) anxiety can be a side effect of medication to treat tics
B) the cause may be harder to detect in the case of a facial tic
C) most tics are mild and hardly noticeable
D) although tics are involuntary, the urge sometimes can be suppressed for short periods with voluntary effort
E) psychological support may be helpful for those with tics

TEST 53. FILM MAKING

In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects
synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them talking pictures, or
talkies. The next major step in the development of cinema was the introduction of color. While the addition of sound to film
revolutionized the medium, quickly driving out silent movies, color was adopted more gradually. The public was relatively
indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white. But as color processes improved and became as affordable as
black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came
to view color an essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium
until the mid-60s. By the end of the 1960s, color had become the norm for filmmakers.
1. We can understand from the passage that the introduction of sound films ----.
A) occurred at the time of the introduction of color films
B) was not easy because it was not affordable
C) made color movies a possibility on a commercial basis
D) was an important milestone in the film industry
E) was delayed until after the end of World War II
2. It is stated in the reading that ----.
A) 1920s marked the end to the era of sound films
B) the transition to color films was not as rapid as the transition to sound films
C) color movies did not appear until the mid- 60s
D) television didn't become popular until the mid-60s
E) color TVs were expensive initially
3. One can understand from the passage that ----.
A) black-and-white films are still a wonderful source of entertainment
B) the film industry fell into a serious crisis after the end of World War II
C) the' arrival of sound films ended the popularity of silent movies
D) the introduction of color to movies didn't help movie industry in its competition with television
E) the public was indifferent to sound films

TEST 54. WORLD WAR I

World War I Many consider World War I to have been the first modern war, a total war where the civilian populations were
deliberately endangered as a direct tactic of war, which has continued in all subsequent wars. While civilians have always died in
wars, World War I made civilian casualties accepted and commonplace, from, for example, aerial bombardment. All aspects of the
societies fighting were affected by the conflict, often causing profound social change, even if the countries were not in the war
zone.
1. It is stated in the reading that World War I ----.
A) caused a major depression in countries that were against killing civilians
B) introduced the killing of civilians as a method of warfare
C) is the bloodiest war in history
D) marked the end of the most peaceful period in modern history
E) was not the first war to be fought on a worldly scale
2. It is pointed out in the passage that ----.
A) the war's economic impact was felt sharply in countries that were close to the war zone
B) the aftermath of World War I brought more attempts to protect civilians in war
C) unlike all subsequent wars, World War I was worldwide
D) more civilians than soldiers were killed in World War I
E) the impact of the World War I was felt even by the countries which were not close to the war fronts
3. We can understand from the passage that ----.
A) very few countries had designed or built aircraft specifically for war functions before World War I
B) World War I was not the first war in which civilians died
C) many consider World War I the defining moment of modern life
D) the aerial bombardment of civilians was , widely criticized
E) deaths in World War I usually resulted from mistake, accident, or being too close to a military target

SCORE RECORD

TEST
SCORE
1 - 10

TEST 11 - 20

TEST 21 - 30

TEST 31 - 40

TEST 41 - 50

TEST 51 54