TUTORIAL CHAPTER 4

1. A garden hose attached with a nozzle is used to fill a 20 L bucket. The inner diameter of the
hose is 24 mm and it reduces to 12 mm at the nozzle exit. If the average velocity in the hose
is 3 m/s, determine (a) the volume and mass flow rates of water through the hose, (b) how
long it will take to fill the bucket with water, and (c) the average velocity of water at the
nozzle exit. Ans: 0.00135 m3/s; 1.357 kg/s; 14.74 s; 12 m/s)

2. Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2.21 kg/m3 and 40 m/s and leaves at 0.762 kg/m3 and 180
m/s. If the inlet area of the nozzle is 90 cm2, determine (a) the mass flow rate through the
nozzle, and (b) the exit area of the nozzle. (Ans: 0.796 kg/s; 58 cm2)

3. Air enters a 28 cm diameter pipe steadily at 200 kPa and 20C with a velocity of 5 m/s. Air
is heated as it flows, and leaves the pipe at 180 kPa and 40C. Determine (a) the volume
flow rate of air at the inlet, (b) the mass flow rate of air, and (c) the velocity and volume
flow rate at the exit. (Ans: 0.3079 m3/kg; 0.7318 kg/s; 0.3654 m3/s; 5.94 m/s )
4. Air at 600 kPa and 500 K enters an adiabatic nozzle that has an inlet-to-exit area ratio of
2:1 with a velocity of. 120 m/s and leaves with a velocity of 380 m/s. Determine (a) the exit
temperature and (b) the exit pressure of the air. (Ans: 436.5 K; 330.8 kPa)

5. Air at 80 kPa and 127C enters an adiabatic diffuser steadily at a rate of 6000 kg/h and
leaves at 100 kPa. The velocity of the airstream is decreased from 230 to 30 m/s as it passes
through the diffuser. Find (a) the exit temperature of the air and (b) the exit area of the
diffuser. (Ans: 425.6 K; 0.0678 m2)
6. Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 10
MPa, 450C, and 80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 10 kPa, 92 percent quality, and 50 m/s.
The mass flow rate of the steam is 12 kg/s. Determine (a) the change in kinetic energy, (b)
the power output, and (c) the turbine inlet area. (Ans: -1.95 kJ/kg; 10.2 MW; 0.00447 m2)