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III

MEMORANDUM REPORT No. 880

Aerodynamic Derivatives
SFor
Z
B-ith Steady And Non-Steady
Motion Of Slender Bodies

R. M. WOOD

C. H. MURPHY

; OEPA;ZrMFENT OF" THE ARMY PROJECT No. 503-403-001

ORDNANCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT P:ROJECT No. TB3-O1C8

BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

i ,I
 BALL13TIC IdZ3.ARCH LABORATOR133

psI
AM~

4 1UY m3r m=-r

i R.M.Wood

Yhinz
~~C.if.

I - fleputmteut of the hArw~ Project No. 5o3-o3-OO

C~?~2CS345rch and Develaoulmt Project Ic. TB3-0108

A3I.IPROTINGOGROUND, N A iTL A ID
 AMTRACT ... .. e.. .,* ...... * 3
]1lRi3XT DE ,SR s U ee * ** s o
S 00 0*O a 0 a a 0 a*

C&LCMr.AON
or xmmBoDYCOMI-c- *ee.~ 0 *g 000 g

COMM OF~ BE= TOge

g B&L= eNeNc sA c..... s *0 * 0 * 13
2
.a API, 0 a 0 0 2

II 3M
M
3T
osas o e*v*
o9o
oa0
1
IDF'R.NW SOl L0T
t **
ggo gg0 *egese *ggt s o0 g 0000X
g .
A

A
BALLISTIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES

iAood/C~ftwphy/jm
Aberdeen Proving OCroud Md.
April 1955

A MC D..A..T FM BOTH SI AND i T= II i

MMIOM OF SUNE)t BODUZS

* A&STACT

Mea~der body values ojf all nou44agnus first order aerodynxide

coefficients are derived by a simple application of tkie concept of cress-
setom appareat "as. These results are converted to ballistic
noewalaturs for two types of notion,

~1
L

K ~
TMN applcation of Munk's sLt'udr body theory tc the CaS1ZStUIKn of
~~~~aarodct.wLic oosefl~certs describinik stav tw (, --

mede by a number of autbajo 1 ., 3. T-rce ha.Wobtained slmader bocy

valvm ,f those coefficients associated with n-et-ad3 angle of attack
as a b--poduct by a linear analyia of the potntial equation for ns-
steady supersonic flow. Th stability derivatino for the most geanra
"notion of slander bodies with arbitra-y cross--ection havoe boo calculated
by Sacks. ThiU treatment isj, bowere, quite complor. This paper widll
Sprx t. a simple dervation of anl non-sero stabiUty deriiativt of a
slemder body of revoution.

CALUMATEON CV M.XZiWU B~r OZTIC-7-

I .1Y

Ua 00
'II rM

We shoal me the usual aeeomption that the cross flow u, at eaCh

t cross-oection is a turo-dizensional potential flows and indepamdent of
both the axial flow and tbe cross flown at neighboring croes-sections.
The fow., as seen fom the body (Fig. 1) 1 a the potential of a steady
floi plus a doublet, u(r + '?/r) ein 0, ire r and 0 are polar -oord-
Snotes, R -=(x) ix the radius of the cror-i-sect.ion and x is its distance
froot the base of the missile. The potential of the flo vith respect to
"" stomry a-' can- b obt-i.&d ' subtracting he poteotial of the stady
S~flow u "n is
!., ' - u (IL21r) aim .(
In Hof. 6 it is shoun that the Idnatic energy f an inflzte volum
, of fluid cantaimng.-a body with surface area S is
*5~*-4 ~ (~) dV-- jjI dS., (2)
V f3

'1'
 ti

whers p is tbe density and a/an is the d~wIvativ w ith respect to the
outward pointing normal. The kinetic enx-ta of the fluid pe r unit l.rSUA
dne to the presence of the circular =?oas-e.ctions therefore,, I*,fca.

I (PA2 (uR sinj#) m ham #)R d$ (u p) (Pi22) ()

14. (3) has the form of 'a. multip.ied by an Rapparent moss*. Thu the
apparent sune per unit length of each cross-eootioz2 is pAD vwhee A in Its
area, and hence

Yamentum f thefluid perunit lngth -pAu (4

If cmaider
te the admentm of the luid at adjacent. crohee ctIont
we
o se thar it winl depm on the local area and fuid Vve rcity Now l
Sthe axial
telocitys U, mill ma. the fluid froas-
tone t -eectr to the
next and hence frasm a region of each -omntaei
to one of lomer mmwtm
* Ior vice versa. rans local change In mmntan gives rise to a differential
force whah can then be integrat to give the total form = t m
bo4.
"Iwoe w e then actually Luterested in the location of the croea-eectio
o- fluid and its notico, we vill Inzarprte x to be its location dith respect
tothe bass.

YM.th I poJting foroard along the s sle's axis and axis initia4 in

x-componant of angular velocity in sero. As. is sbom in Rof. 7, the treat-

rent of tiUn derivatives of the dynemic variablea L.e., a, 4A, is uch Oe
nstural In non-rolling coordinatse,.

It we conxsL# projections of the velocty vector and a f1id direction

vector on the IX plans$ and wilth a and a.as deie in Fig. 2,
U-- a.+ (x -z~.
x!

je
.. _stPabilized
make ue
standard aer oafq the amcssitls-fled
tilde mupescriptam".
to distinguish
In Ww cavet ofe aa.o
spina-t
body of revolution, ths axas voM bo. 914.--!. ripicay -R.th
the _

rtpect: to our" non-rolling axos, and hencem with respect, to the air"at,

In Rif. 5 3ackx uses misi* fj~ syte bu spcf 1 meaure

and
rollinigin systat
a Don-rolling systm.obt-n.ins
and therefor-e Eowvrer, be . values
non-sro, of 4 and azd
ueaawe i. inte
C3

for a body of revolution.

L" 6

,.
-. . .

__,_______________
I"I

I I FIGS. 2

U
VbWQ dx LN tbe aXiAl COMPOamit Of tbM .aILaS t7T, XC8 12
r1083 O~
distance of center oat pravit~y from bae.. azd x is Neaxwd from the basme
and q e
od
d-r a
.P.2

J ~B Newton ISjec=,d Lax and Eq.. la 5) the fores per wxt length In the '
direction, 2M, is the time rate of change of ~montom par 'ordt lengtha.*
-1 - d -

.ntegrati ove l the oqt (U, i M ca

for!s neglected.

ratlleyt
M incI oethis oftat l
te totaf vlct n ost h

-.ftould appea in Eq. 6. ]Fortately, --

derivative of U,.the axial emponent,
fo a-ti! a a.d this quntity i=Ll 4nd caneglected.
 fbrkd Cbaaa area)

3
S Adx vd (V ix daziumi~aw vlume)

arnd d in dismstar
If we multiply by -(z -z g ) inteaate** we oa"obtai1n the meat
about the c.g.

u(sYxcz~] L<U [vd (z..)J

~Sb # ("s
X44 x)-

N 2xa x 1
cg2
d~

isL the diammaionlisa trar~verse radius of gyration of a

1homoingeneous nxd1 about its csscti' of gravity, andl

I o
homogezmous ndal about its base,

Fig-, 2 1zldicates the direction of positive k

4k
-u Z.- (7 ar (5 -plato that une -f ou -bw -- *io

iql on) a, &I,

a Ifde pal ze )mdtj~. (9) arde (10)
oltantd the
rU

V2 4d

51d-

no-diemrreso1nhal iuoar w
ad dbe
tat~b formn sd ofr
atstack oid
y=a a Itbe an pasily by .e "n
aber
thath:flmdg eat

2K C~i' 2!-
C~~mC~69 CSu 12

'Ir Can - zI g-
cj~ -c 1 C-
5ir~. te drtrziccof
qs (1) as as~dcc hisassuU~o oIrvn
-. 4~vi,0
~ ~ ncv ~ ~ C ~ tic~ +haty~. n ~
d~va~va
W s, ovvrtht nz'sulnWr t)nr beme oCt
he ~ret
coneptof m of~ac rt-ecciuvi avd in
bod ~l sxten ~zs o-~e
o vlue ~-Jagnw irdna~ ofilus
 CONEai.sxMM cF R3ULT3 TO BALITIC AMVX=TTR
In order to tart.t our reaults in ballistic *wc;tr we 1!rnt "'itsa
the definit~on aof the z*P-Mgms beLLUatiat'tc in tamra of tkvv ftumo"1-

* of the rol&tion U v.T (This me of the complix vuriahi wzplaitn the

)V
I. N ' [ C a icz) -
~1(P r.~a.r)J. (3
Mhe oorr.,xpoKx .iprom~ioam for the aerocbuio C's azvz*

*(L~~)
o~ .is)~ ) . (1k

u ot
S.~cethe oe-o-n.oorw~~zmn. etwi ~e~f.424

the azxae-W.
s there ixtnotio fooro thi mtomi qbewe
amz4 th .c

O6JJx beti~n aun~~d astady stat te of eoW,

uxas U tnrajectory amsi
-, ~thetounaersnaiman hone
r for
thtis mo ~
t1on ,atiq andte ingiun

14ia

q1~~_ :c)+(_+;)(q1) _ -V)i_

m i S
 In the Apeni it is abeam that for larg* ratios of mass of naim3. 1.
t
mus of displ aced fluid the angular accalertion terms invoWli Pfand ai
c.r a torpedo fbr vitbh thie ratio is of order unity and these terms are

4 ., ~~fbr transient motion about a straIght trajactory, from 3u()

(1)and(Lq.r

13

_ eg

IC
br.Se~
% be".
1
area in calibers squiarvd.
I.

Tor the steady notion of the yaw of repose * 0, and it c~ai be

shosm that the 4 + i; ecatribution are =03l.

1 3 - SM %

4 ,
I
It Is qizite 1ntwerting to note that the absemne of a one-to-one
c=-i-espondancs between the aeroct*ratic and the bal~listic- equtions leads
to cofficients. which. in the ba..atia notati'on. dentand In erw*1.L em
tile type of motion under consideration, This result is inherent in ibe
defimitions of the coefficients. This difficulW is resolved in a report
r - bei-n pXoped by one or t,, autm-,7.

* R. M. WOW

C. H. IP1Y
a~ u

ii

i22
'I
* 12
 APPEX

Fa l~yze Abe tranujant motion a little VIO".* and arez the a~ or Uz

'on vihA0id~al notionDs" differing in phaa tq*900 and wit.h frsjuncie.

Uere a is mas of atuaile,

k is tr-avaerse radius of gyration in calibers,

-i--- Cbaliiitic; stability factor)j,

.2(PS;) Ca

Ici axial radius of gyration in caliberv,

p is axial. apin.

r.FOr ay sin2uIaidal notion we bay* that .

1''pr 'i-- Q(p, i ) (A-2)

In order tq get a.ni.e estimate v* consider only the contribution froa the
fast ratue%4

k%(-114 Do) (A-3)

',- We are intemrestud in the reLitive contribution to the force or mnont of

the tein "a+i. nd the teaminvolving % +ig, in Eqn.(1S) Since C.-
is the same order of aagnitd3 aum C, (hLich. can b. seen fron Eq. Ui),

* Tho folloving awLnyvix in vali4 for Axy stAtically or gyroseopies1ly stable

mmisile. The special case of a statically stable mixatle.-.ith exactly zero
* "spi, can be cons31ered -a a !liLiting cet of a staticxlly stable zimailA
with mau c-pin; +herefo-'s, i/ u -"
See Reference S for a diacuiston of Eq. (A-1).

13

I... . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . .aI- . .
 V

then the ratio of the acceleration tara to the linear tars is

tarmiu a,* d 1 Etd -

Notvr that pad/A - U iereVY4;d is the le~th in calibers of the

(3)4d/4),,
t equivalent cylindrial volmme, a is the sass of'displaced fluid and a is
the mess of the missile. we now state boundz for variovus quantities, for

0roe ta stable staticall- s-ahia

-2, -2

,'~k "k2. : . 4/ _-

4.12 u/a in either case.

For the uual missile in air. this ratio in negligibly small and
Sonasiequently those acceleration terw ara usually neglected. For an
airship, or uhere the fluid is water (e.g., torpedoes), the acceleration
;-tem" my beoa appreciable.

K4i
 1. Mlunk, N. 'IL, The Aerody aui Force" on irship Hulls, XLGA Report 1814

2. Tiam.p H.* S. 8u umio Flow Ov'sr a~n Inclined Bttrd of Re"olUton.

JourVAl Aero. SLOcAS .5 p L&EO,, 93)
3. Laitons, K. V.,, Linsiarized Svbacoic vm SpeRonoac Flow Abomrk Inclined
Slender Bodies o? Hroutio~n-ourmal Aero. Sciences %,p~lU17
14. Dorranfte, W. Fes te-5" &im cmic Flowr About Pointae Bodies of

%.3ac~mu, A. H.,,A!Ed2!~ Forces, Momts, and Stabilia rerivativea

*6. Luzdb, B.,p ~L m Sixth Edition, Domur, Now York (19I45).

7. M=arbyv C. H.,g and Nicoliaideap J. D.;v A Generalized Ballistic Force

Sn!:!5INM933P. (19Z5)
8. Micolaides, J, D... On the Free Ojg t Motion of Missualem !i gb

9. mommmns 2. 4., K*e3q, J9 Loj, and Raew, F. V., Exterior Ballistics,

Univwrwity of Deaver Press (1953)o
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