University of Management and Technology

School of Textile and Design

Guidelines for the Preparation of

B.S. Project Report/ M.S. Thesis / Ph.D. Thesis

May 07, 2014

Undergraduate and graduate students submitting their final project reports or theses shall
adhere to the following general guidelines.

1. Final Report:

1.1. Page Format:

Page size: A4
Paper Type: White; minimum 80 g/m2 paper
Top margin: 1.00 inch
Bottom margin: 1.00 inch
Left margin: 1.25 inch
Right margin: 1.00 inch

Page numbering: Bottom right - part of the footnote

Title page not numbered
All pages before the first page of chapter one numbered in
lower roman numerals (i, ii, iii )
All other pages starting from first page of chapter one to last
page of the report numbered in integers (1, 2, 3 )

Foot-note: Each page shall have a footnote giving the title of the project
/ thesis.
Left aligned
In case of long titles shorter versions should be used.
There shall be a line over the footnote.

Chapter Startup: Each chapter shall be numbered as Chapter 1, Chapter 2,

etc.
The name of the chapter shall be written immediately below
Chapter number.
Both shall be centered horizontally as well as vertically in the
page.
The actual chapter content shall start from the next page.

Text: Only one side of the paper shall be used.

The back side of paper shall be left blank.
When a report is opened the right hand page would contain
text, figures, or tables and the left hand page would be
blank.

Tables and Figures: Each table / figure shall be numbered.

For example "Table 1.2: Population distribution in Asia" or
"Figure 3.2: Temperature distribution"
Digits before the period will show the chapter number.
Digits after the period will show the serial number of table/
figure in that chapter.
The table number shall be placed as normal text centered at
the top of the table or sideways (landscape table) with table
title coming on the opening side of the paper and note on the
binding side.

Project Report/ Thesis Format Guidelines 1

 The figure number shall be placed as normal text centered
at the bottom of the table or sideways (landscape figure)
with figure title coming on the opening side of the paper and
note on the binding side.

1.2. Paragraph:

Line spacing: 1.5 lines.

Indent at start of paragraph: No
Text alignment: Justified.

1.3. Text Format:

Paragraph body:
Font Type: Times-New roman; normal font
Font Size: 12
Headings:
Chapter Heading: Font Arial Bold Size 16 Title Case normal
Heading 1: Font Arial Bold Size 14 Title Case normal
Heading 2: Font Arial Bold Size 12 Title Case normal
Heading 3: Font Arial Bold Size 12 Title Case italic

1.4. Sections and Subsections:

In case of sections and subsections follow this format:

Section 1
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.1.a
1.1.1.b
1.1.1.c
1.1.1.a.i
1.1.1.a.ii
1.1.1.a.iii

The subsequent reference to any section shall be made using the section and its
number. For example section 2.1.3 means chapter 2 section 1 subsection 3.

1.5. Mathematical Equations:

The following numbering scheme should be used to number the equations

(Use Microsoft Equations editor):
f (x) = x + 3 (XX.YY)
Where XX is the chapter number and YY is the sequence number of that equation in
that chapter.
If an equation is previously quoted in an earlier chapter, say as equation 4.5 and
needs to be re-quoted in chapter 5, its number will remain as equation 4.5.

1.6. References:

References to citations should be inserted in IEEE referencing style. Please follow

style manual for the latest version for manual insertion of references. It can be
downloaded from the link http://www.ieee.org/documents/style_manual.pdf.
Points to remember:
References are to be placed in square brackets and interlaced in the
chapter text.
For example "A number of profiles of Asian researchers can be found in the
literature [2].
In case of multiple references use reference numbers separated by commas,

Project Report/ Thesis Format Guidelines 2

 e.g. [2,3,6].
A project report / thesis cannot be accepted without proper references.
A list of references must be given in a separate section in the end of
report/thesis titled References or Bibliography. The references shall be
quoted in the following format:

The articles from journals, books, and magazines are written as:
[1] Jennifer Eyre, "The Digital Signal Processor: Derby", IEEE Spectrum,
June 2001, pp 62-68.
[2] Nabila Zar, "Wasey Omar", In Person: Profiles of Researchers in
Africa, Asia, and the Americas, International Development Research
Center, Ottawa, 1995, pp 67-73.

The books are written as:

[1] Wayne C Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, The Craft
of Research, The University Chicago Press, Chicago, 1995.

The Internet links shall be complete URLs to the final article with date of citation. See
example below.

1.7. Cover Page

An illustration is given at the end.

1.8. Binding

All reports shall be hard-bound with an appropriate print in silver color.

Two copies should be submitted.
Color of the binding:
BS project report: Maroon
MS thesis report: Dark Blue
PhD thesis report: Black

Project Report/ Thesis Format Guidelines 3

2. Report Layout

2.1. Main Contents

Title page
Page i: Statement of submission
Page ii: Undertaking about originality of work
Page iii: Acknowledgements (signed by all the group members)
Page iv: Abstract
Page v: A signed document by client for project approval (if client
based project)
Page vi: Table of contents
Page vii: List of figures
Page viii: List of Tables
Chapters:
References
Appendices
NOTE: The appendices should also include the following.
1. Copies of all tests performed
2. Test reports
3. Plagiarism report (First complete page at least)

2.2. Research Oriented Project

Chapters 1 to Last (Sample)

1. Introduction
2. Background study (Literature review)
3. Experimental (Materials and methods; hypotheses construction;
testing of hypothesis)
4. Results and analysis
5. Conclusions
6. Discussion (Present work, its limitations and proposals for future work
in this field)

3. Contents of the CD Attached

All reports / theses must accompany three CDs whose contents will have the
following:

1. Top level directory (folder):

2. Documents - The final project report/ thesis in Microsoft Word and PDF formats
- All documents related to the project
- Instructions how to use the CD if there are any executable files in it
- All reports already submitted to the supervisor
- Installation instructions in case of executable program
- Trouble shooting instructions in case of problems
- User manual
- Research material including URLs
- Papers consulted / referred to
- Slides of the presentations
3. Plagiarism Report: Detailed plagiarism report
4. Data All data files used, or referenced in the project/ thesis.
5. Project The running project including sample data files as well as sample
output (in case of executable project file).
- This should be in a form that if copied to a machine runs without
errors.
- This may be an .exe file of an entire project, an installer
depending on the project or simply a running project.
6. You can have sub directories with appropriate names.

Project Report/ Thesis Format Guidelines 4

 A Sample Thesis

Project Report/ Thesis Format Guidelines 5

 Study on Seam Efficiency of Stretch Denim with
STUDY ON SEAM EFFICIENCY OF STRETCH DENIM WITH DIFFERENT SEWING THREAD TYPES,

Different Sewing Thread Types, Finishes and

Fabric Properties
FINISHES AND FABRIC PROPERTIES

By
Name of Participant
ID: xxxxxxx

For

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree

MS Textile

School of Textile and Design

University of Management and Technology
Lahore
BS
June 2014 Session: 2012-14
Study on Seam Efficiency of Stretch Denim with
Different Sewing Thread Types, Finishes and
Fabric Properties

A report submitted to

School of Textile and Design

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree

Bachelor of Science

in

Textile Sciences

by

XXXXXX ID: 111111111

YYYYYYY ID: 111111111
ZZZZZZZZ ID: 111111111

University of Management and Technology

Session: 2012-14
 Statement of Submission

My research dissertation titled Application of fluorocarbon and fluorine free finishes

on the textile substrate for enhanced hydrophobicity is being submitted for
completion of MS Textile degree from School of Textile and Design, University of
Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Dissertation

Name of Student:
Student ID:

Supervised by: ___________________ Date: __________________

Dr.
(Professor)

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim ii

 Acknowledgement

We truly acknowledge the cooperation and help make by Dr. ABC, Dean School of
Textile and Design, University of Management and Technology. He has been a
constant source of guidance throughout the course of this project. We would also like
to thank Dr. XYZ of Punjab University, Lahore for his help and guidance
in understanding the technology of high performance fibers. We are also thankful
to our friends and families whose silent support led us to complete our project.

(Signed)

____________________ (XXXXXXXXX Student ID: 97056123)

____________________ (YYYYYYYYY Student ID: 10345678)

____________________ (ZZZZZZZZZZ Student ID: 11234566)

Date:

June 01, 2014

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim iii

 Declaration

I hereby declare that all the information in this thesis is the result of my concerted
efforts and my original work. This research work, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, reproduces no material previously published or written, or that has been
accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma, except where due
acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Students Signature: _______________________

Name of Student: _________________________

Date: December 17, 2014

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim iv

 Abstract

Different sewing threads sewn on different woven fabrics will provide different
effects on seam efficiency. The expectation on seam efficiency for various apparel
products will also be different.

KEYWORDS: Textile, apparel, garments, fashion, spinning, yarn

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim v

 Table of Contents

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... V
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... VI
LIST OF TABLES: ............................................................................................................................ VII
LIST OF FIGURES: ......................................................................................................................... VIII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.1 History of Denim ............................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 Denim Construction............................................................................................................
6
1.3 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................ 12
1.3.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................
12
1.3.2 Scope of the Project ........................................................................................................ 13
1.3.3 Methodology ...................................................................................................................
14
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 15
2.1 SEAM QUALITY ............................................................................................................................... 16
2.2 METHODS FOR MEASURING THE SEAM QUALITY EVALUATION .................................................................. 18
2.2.1 Seam strength ................................................................................................................. 18
2.2.2 Seam efficiency ............................................................................................................... 19
2.2.3 Seam slippage ................................................................................................................. 19
2.3 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SEAM QUALITY ............................................................................................. 22
2.3.1 Sewing thread ................................................................................................................. 22
2.3.2 Fabric properties ............................................................................................................. 26
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL ......................................................................................................... 34
3.1 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................... 35
3.2 METHODS .................................................................................................................................... 36
3.2.1 Measurement of Thread Properties ................................................................................ 36
3.3 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 39
3.4 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................... 41
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................... 81
4.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 82
4.2 FUTURE RESEARCH .......................................................................................................................... 84
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 88
APPENDIX A FABRIC STRENGTH TEST ............................................................................................. 89
APPENDIX B SEAM STRENGTH TEST ............................................................................................... 92
APPENDIX C SEAM EFFICIENCY TEST .............................................................................................. 93
APPENDIX D ASTM D204 - 02 ......................................................................................................... 94
APPENDIX E PLAGIARISM REPORT.................................................................................................. 99

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim vi

 List of Tables:

TABLE 1. 1 EXPORT OF COTTON DENIM FABRICS ................................................................ 5

TABLE 3. 1 PROPERTIES OF SEWING THREADS ................................................................... 35
TABLE 3. 2 CONSTRUCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF STRETCH DENIM FABRIC ....................... 35
TABLE 3. 3 FABRIC STRENGTH IN WEFT DIRECTION WITH 15% STRETCHABILITY ............. 41
TABLE 3. 4 FABRIC STRENGTH IN WEFT DIRECTION WITH 20% STRETCHABILITY ............. 42
TABLE 3. 5 FABRIC STRENGTH IN WEFT DIRECTION WITH 25% STRETCHABILITY ............. 43
TABLE 3. 6 FABRIC STRENGTH IN WEFT DIRECTION WITH 25% STRETCHABILITY ............. 44

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim vii

 List of Figures:

FIGURE 1. 1 STITCH CLASS 100 ............................................................................................. 9

FIGURE 1. 2 STITCH CLASS 300 ........................................................................................... 10
FIGURE 1. 3 STITCH CLASS 400 ........................................................................................... 10
FIGURE 1. 4 STITCH CLASS 500 ........................................................................................... 11

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim viii

 Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Background

The quality of apparel products depends upon mainly fabric quality, but this alone
may not be the decisive factor when we deal with quality in terms of garment
durability and comfort [1].

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim 2

 References

[1] R. Chmielowiec, "Seam strength factors," Textile Asia, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 94-97,
1987.
[2] S. Bhalerao, A. S. Budke and S. P. Borkar, "Seam performance in suitings,"
Indian Textile Journal, vol. 107, no. 11, pp. 78-81, 1997.
[3] N. Tarafdar, R. Karmakar and M. Mondol, "The effect of stitch density on seam
performance of garments stitched from plain and twill fabrics," Man-made
Textiles in India, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 298-302, 2007.

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim 88

 Appendix A Fabric Strength Test

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim 89

 Appendix E Plagiarism Report

Seam Quality of Stretch Denim 99