List of Nobel laureates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: Nobelpriset, Norwegian: Nobelprisen) are

prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,
the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian
Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make
outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature,
peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] They were established by the
1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be
administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Memorial Prize in
Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank,
the central bank of Sweden, for contributions to the field of economics.
Each recipient, or "laureate", receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a
sum of money, which is decided by the Nobel Foundation, yearly.[2]
Nobel laureates receive a gold medal
together with a diploma and (as of 2012)
8 million SEK (roughly US$1.2 million,
Contents 0.93 million).

1 Prize
2 Laureates
3 List of laureates
4 Notes
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Nobel laureates of 2012Alvin E. Roth,
Brian Kobilka, Robert J. Lefkowitz,
Prize David J. Wineland, and Serge Haroche
during the ceremony
Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and
Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel
Committee awards the Prize in Peace.[3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that
has varied throughout the years.[2] In 1901, the recipients of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK,
which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2008, the laureates were awarded a prize amount of
10,000,000 SEK.[4] The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the
anniversary of Nobel's death.[5]

In years in which the Nobel Prize is not awarded due to external events or a lack of nominations, the prize
money is returned to the funds delegated to the relevant prize.[6] The Nobel Prize was not awarded between
1940 and 1942 due to the outbreak of World War II.[7]

Laureates
Between 1901 and 2015, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded
573 times to 900 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a
total of 870 individuals (including 822 men, 48 women) and 23 organizations. Four Nobel laureates were not
permitted by their governments to accept the Nobel Prize. Adolf Hitler forbade three Germans, Richard Kuhn
(Chemistry, 1938), Adolf Butenandt (Chemistry, 1939), and Gerhard Domagk (Physiology or Medicine, 1939),
from accepting their Nobel Prizes, and the government of the Soviet Union pressured Boris Pasternak
(Literature, 1958) to decline his award. Two Nobel laureates, Jean-Paul Sartre (Literature, 1964) and L c
Th (Peace, 1973), declined the award; Sartre declined the award as he declined all official honors, and L
declined the award due to the situation Vietnam was in at the time.

Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has
received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other.[8] UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie
(Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 870 Nobel laureates, 48 have
been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in
Physics in 1903.[9] She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second
award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.[8]

List of laureates
 Physiology
Year Physics Chemistry Literature Peace Economics
or Medicine

Jacobus
Emil Adolf von Sully Henry Dunant;
1901 Wilhelm Rntgen Henricus van 't
Behring Prudhomme Frdric Passy
Hoff

lie Ducommun;
Hendrik Lorentz; Hermann Emil Theodor
1902 Ronald Ross Charles Albert
Pieter Zeeman Fischer Mommsen
Gobat

Henri Becquerel;
Svante Niels Ryberg Bjrnstjerne
1903 Pierre Curie; Randal Cremer
Arrhenius Finsen Bjrnson
Marie Curie

Frdric Mistral; Institut de Droit

1904 Lord Rayleigh William Ramsay Ivan Pavlov
Jos Echegaray International

Adolf von Henryk Bertha von

1905 Philipp Lenard Robert Koch
Baeyer Sienkiewicz Suttner

Camillo Golgi;
Theodore
1906 J. J. Thomson Henri Moissan Santiago Ramn Giosu Carducci
Roosevelt
y Cajal

Charles Louis Ernesto Teodoro

Albert Abraham
1907 Eduard Buchner Alphonse Rudyard Kipling Moneta;
Michelson
Laveran Louis Renault

Rudolf Klas Pontus

Ernest lie Metchnikoff;
1908 Gabriel Lippmann Christoph Arnoldson;
Rutherford Paul Ehrlich
Eucken Fredrik Bajer

Auguste Marie
Franois
Karl Ferdinand
Beernaert;
Braun; Wilhelm Emil Theodor
1909 Selma Lagerlf Paul-Henri-
Guglielmo Ostwald Kocher
Benjamin
Marconi
d'Estournelles de
Constant

Johannes Diderik International

1910 Otto Wallach Albrecht Kossel Paul Heyse
van der Waals Peace Bureau

Tobias Asser;
Maurice
1911 Wilhelm Wien Marie Curie Allvar Gullstrand Alfred Hermann
Maeterlinck
Fried

Victor Grignard; Gerhart

1912 Gustaf Daln Alexis Carrel Elihu Root
Paul Sabatier Hauptmann

Heike Kamerlingh Rabindranath

1913 Alfred Werner Charles Richet Henri La Fontaine
Onnes Tagore

Theodore
1914 Max von Laue William Robert Brny None None
Richards

William Henry
Bragg; Richard
1915 None Romain Rolland None
William Lawrence Willsttter
Bragg

Verner von
1916 None None None None
Heidenstam

Karl Adolph
International
Charles Glover Gjellerup;
1917 None None Committee of the
Barkla Henrik
Red Cross
Pontoppidan
1918 Max Planck Fritz Haber None None None

1919 Johannes Stark None Jules Bordet Carl Spitteler Woodrow Wilson

Charles douard
1920 Walther Nernst August Krogh Knut Hamsun Lon Bourgeois
Guillaume

Hjalmar Branting;
1921 Albert Einstein Frederick Soddy None Anatole France Christian Lous
Lange

Archibald Hill;
Francis William Jacinto
1922 Niels Bohr Otto Fritz Fridtjof Nansen
Aston Benavente
Meyerhof

Frederick
Robert Andrews Banting;
1923 Fritz Pregl W. B. Yeats None
Millikan John James
Rickard Macleod

Willem Wadysaw
1924 Manne Siegbahn None None
Einthoven Reymont

James Franck; Austen

Richard Adolf George Bernard
1925 Gustav Ludwig None Chamberlain;
Zsigmondy Shaw
Hertz Charles G. Dawes

Aristide Briand;
Jean Baptiste Theodor
1926 Johannes Fibiger Grazia Deledda Gustav
Perrin Svedberg
Stresemann

Arthur Compton; Ferdinand

Heinrich Otto Julius Wagner-
1927 Charles Thomson Henri Bergson Buisson;
Wieland Jauregg
Rees Wilson Ludwig Quidde

Adolf Otto
Owen Willans
1928 Reinhold Charles Nicolle Sigrid Undset None
Richardson
Windaus

Christiaan
Arthur Harden;
Eijkman;
1929 Louis de Broglie Hans von Euler- Thomas Mann Frank B. Kellogg
Frederick
Chelpin
Gowland Hopkins

Nathan
1930 C. V. Raman Hans Fischer Karl Landsteiner Sinclair Lewis
Sderblom

Carl Bosch; Jane Addams;

Otto Heinrich Erik Axel
1931 None Friedrich Nicholas Murray
Warburg Karlfeldt
Bergius Butler

Charles Scott
Werner John
1932 Irving Langmuir Sherrington; None
Heisenberg Galsworthy
Edgar Adrian

Erwin
Thomas Hunt
1933 Schrdinger; None Ivan Bunin Norman Angell
Morgan
Paul Dirac

George Whipple;
George Minot;
1934 None Harold Urey Luigi Pirandello Arthur Henderson
William P.
Murphy

Frdric Joliot-
Curie; Carl von
1935 James Chadwick Hans Spemann None
Irne Joliot- Ossietzky
Curie

1936 Victor Francis Peter Debye Henry Hallett Eugene O'Neill Carlos Saavedra
 Hess; Dale; Lamas
Carl David Otto Loewi
Anderson

Clinton Davisson; Norman The Viscount

Albert Szent- Roger Martin du
1937 George Paget Haworth; Cecil of
Gyrgyi Gard
Thomson Paul Karrer Chelwood

Nansen
Corneille International
1938 Enrico Fermi Richard Kuhn[A] Pearl S. Buck
Heymans Office For
Refugees

Adolf
Gerhard Frans Eemil
1939 Ernest Lawrence Butenandt;[A] None
Domagk[A] Sillanp
Leopold Ruika

1940 None None None None None

1941 None None None None None

1942 None None None None None

Henrik Dam;
George de
1943 Otto Stern Edward Adelbert None None
Hevesy
Doisy

Joseph Erlanger; International

Johannes
1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi Otto Hahn Herbert Spencer Committee of the
Vilhelm Jensen
Gasser Red Cross

Alexander
Fleming;
Artturi Ilmari
1945 Wolfgang Pauli Ernst Boris Gabriela Mistral Cordell Hull
Virtanen
Chain;
Howard Florey

James B.
Sumner;
Emily Greene
Percy Williams John Howard Hermann Joseph
1946 Hermann Hesse Balch;
Bridgman Northrop; Muller
John Mott
Wendell
Meredith Stanley

Carl Ferdinand Friends Service

Cori; Council;
Edward Victor
1947 Robert Robinson Gerty Cori; Andr Gide American Friends
Appleton
Bernardo Service
Houssay Committee

Paul Hermann
1948 Patrick Blackett Arne Tiselius T. S. Eliot None[B]
Mller

Walter Rudolf
Hess; William
1949 Hideki Yukawa William Giauque John Boyd Orr
Antnio Egas Faulkner
Moniz

Philip Showalter
Hench;
Otto Diels;
1950 C. F. Powell Edward Calvin Bertrand Russell Ralph Bunche
Kurt Alder
Kendall;
Tadeus Reichstein

Edwin
John Cockcroft; McMillan;
1951 Max Theiler Pr Lagerkvist Lon Jouhaux
Ernest Walton Glenn T.
Seaborg

1952 Felix Bloch; Archer John Selman Waksman Franois Albert Schweitzer
 Edward Mills Porter Martin; Mauriac
Purcell Richard
Laurence
Millington
Synge

Hans Adolf
Hermann Krebs; Winston
1953 Frits Zernike George Marshall
Staudinger Fritz Albert Churchill
Lipmann

John Franklin
Enders;
United Nations
Frederick
Max Born; Ernest High
1954 Linus Pauling Chapman
Walther Bothe Hemingway Commissioner for
Robbins;
Refugees
Thomas Huckle
Weller

Willis Lamb; Vincent du

1955 Hugo Theorell Halldr Laxness None
Polykarp Kusch Vigneaud

Andr Frdric
John Bardeen; Cyril Norman Cournand;
Walter Houser Hinshelwood; Werner Juan Ramn
1956 None
Brattain; Nikolay Forssmann; Jimnez
William Shockley Semyonov Dickinson W.
Richards

Chen Ning Yang;

1957 The Lord Todd Daniel Bovet Albert Camus Lester B. Pearson
Tsung-Dao Lee

George Wells
Pavel Cherenkov; Beadle;
Boris
1958 Ilya Frank; Frederick Sanger Edward Lawrie Dominique Pire
Pasternak[C]
Igor Tamm Tatum;
Joshua Lederberg

Emilio G. Segr;
Jaroslav Arthur Kornberg; Salvatore
1959 Owen Philip Noel-Baker
Heyrovsk Severo Ochoa Quasimodo
Chamberlain

Frank Macfarlane
1960 Donald A. Glaser Willard Libby Burnet; Saint-John Perse Albert Lutuli
Peter Medawar

Robert Hofstadter; Georg von Dag

1961 Melvin Calvin Ivo Andri
Rudolf Mssbauer Bksy Hammarskjld

Francis Crick;
Max Perutz;
1962 Lev Landau James D. Watson; John Steinbeck Linus Pauling
John Kendrew
Maurice Wilkins

International
Eugene Wigner; John Eccles;
Committee of the
Maria Goeppert- Karl Ziegler; Alan Lloyd
1963 Giorgos Seferis Red Cross;
Mayer; Giulio Natta Hodgkin;
League of Red
J. Hans D. Jensen Andrew Huxley
Cross societies

Charles Hard
Konrad Emil
Townes;
Dorothy Bloch; Jean-Paul Martin Luther
1964 Nikolay Basov;
Hodgkin Feodor Felix Sartre[D] King, Jr.
Alexander
Konrad Lynen
Prokhorov

1965 Sin-Itiro Robert Burns Franois Jacob; Mikhail United Nations

Tomonaga; Woodward Andr Michel Sholokhov International
Julian Schwinger; Lwoff; Children's
Richard Feynman Jacques Monod
 Emergency Fund
(UNICEF)
Francis Peyton
Shmuel Yosef
Robert S. Rous;
1966 Alfred Kastler Agnon; None
Mulliken Charles Brenton
Nelly Sachs
Huggins

Manfred Eigen;
Ragnar Granit;
Ronald George
Haldan Keffer Miguel ngel
1967 Hans Bethe Wreyford None
Hartline; Asturias
Norrish;
George Wald
George Porter

Robert W.
Holley;
Luis Walter Har Gobind Yasunari
1968 Lars Onsager Ren Cassin
Alvarez Khorana; Kawabata
Marshall Warren
Nirenberg

Max Delbrck; International

Murray Gell- Derek Barton; Ragnar Frisch;
1969 Alfred Hershey; Samuel Beckett Labour
Mann Odd Hassel Jan Tinbergen
Salvador Luria Organization

Julius Axelrod;
Hannes Alfvn; Luis Federico Aleksandr Paul
1970 Ulf von Euler; Norman Borlaug
Louis Nel Leloir Solzhenitsyn Samuelson
Bernard Katz

Gerhard Earl Wilbur

1971 Dennis Gabor Pablo Neruda Willy Brandt Simon Kuznets
Herzberg Sutherland, Jr.

Christian B.
John Bardeen;
Anfinsen; Gerald Edelman;
Leon Cooper; John Hicks;
1972 Stanford Moore; Rodney Robert Heinrich Bll None
John Robert Kenneth Arrow
William Howard Porter
Schrieffer
Stein

Leo Esaki; Ernst Otto Karl von Frisch;

Ivar Giaever; Fischer; Konrad Lorenz; Henry Kissinger; Wassily
1973 Patrick White
Brian David Geoffrey Nikolaas Le Duc Tho[E] Leontief
Josephson Wilkinson Tinbergen

Albert Claude;
Gunnar
Christian de
Martin Ryle; Eyvind Johnson; Sen MacBride; Myrdal;
1974 Paul Flory Duve;
Antony Hewish Harry Martinson Eisaku Sat Friedrich
George Emil
Hayek
Palade

Aage Bohr; David Baltimore; Leonid

Ben Roy John Cornforth; Renato Dulbecco; Eugenio Kantorovich;
1975 Andrei Sakharov
Mottelson; Vladimir Prelog Howard Martin Montale Tjalling
James Rainwater Temin Koopmans

Baruch Samuel
Burton Richter; William Blumberg; Betty Williams; Milton
1976 Saul Bellow
Samuel C. C. Ting Lipscomb Daniel Carleton Mairead Maguire Friedman
Gajdusek

Philip Warren
Anderson; Roger Guillemin;
Nevill Francis Andrew Schally; Vicente Amnesty Bertil Ohlin;
1977 Ilya Prigogine
Mott; Rosalyn Sussman Aleixandre International James Meade
John Hasbrouck Yalow
Van Vleck

1978 Pyotr Kapitsa; Peter D. Mitchell Werner Arber; Isaac Bashevis Anwar Sadat; Herbert A.
Arno Allan Daniel Nathans; Singer Menachem Begin Simon
Penzias;
 Robert Woodrow Hamilton O.
Wilson Smith

Sheldon Lee Allan McLeod

Herbert C. Theodore
Glashow; Cormack;
1979 Brown; Odysseas Elytis Mother Teresa Schultz;
Abdus Salam; Godfrey
Georg Wittig Arthur Lewis
Steven Weinberg Hounsfield

Baruj Benacerraf;
Paul Berg;
James Cronin; Jean Dausset; Adolfo Prez Lawrence
1980 Walter Gilbert; Czesaw Miosz
Val Logsdon Fitch George Davis Esquivel Klein
Frederick Sanger
Snell

Nicolaas
Roger Wolcott United Nations
Bloembergen;
Kenichi Fukui; Sperry; High
1981 Arthur Leonard Elias Canetti James Tobin
Roald Hoffmann David H. Hubel; Commissioner for
Schawlow;
Torsten Wiesel Refugees
Kai Siegbahn

Sune Bergstrm;
Alva Myrdal;
Kenneth G. Bengt I. Gabriel Garca
1982 Aaron Klug Alfonso Garca George Stigler
Wilson Samuelsson; Mrquez
Robles
John Vane

Subrahmanyan
Chandrasekhar; Barbara
1983 Henry Taube William Golding Lech Wasa Grard Debreu
William Alfred McClintock
Fowler

Niels Kaj Jerne;

Carlo Rubbia;
Robert Bruce Georges J. F.
1984 Simon van der Jaroslav Seifert Desmond Tutu Richard Stone
Merrifield Khler;
Meer
Csar Milstein

Michael Stuart International

Herbert A.
Brown; Physicians for the Franco
1985 Klaus von Klitzing Hauptman; Claude Simon
Joseph L. Prevention of Modigliani
Jerome Karle
Goldstein Nuclear War

Dudley R.
Ernst Ruska; Stanley Cohen;
Herschbach; James M.
1986 Gerd Binnig; Rita Levi- Wole Soyinka Elie Wiesel
Yuan T. Lee; Buchanan
Heinrich Rohrer Montalcini
John Polanyi

Donald J. Cram;
Johannes Georg
Jean-Marie
Bednorz; Susumu
1987 Lehn; Joseph Brodsky scar Arias Robert Solow
Karl Alexander Tonegawa
Charles J.
Mller
Pedersen

James W. Black;
Leon M. Johann
Gertrude B. United Nations
Lederman; Deisenhofer; Naguib
1988 Elion; Peace-Keeping Maurice Allais
Melvin Schwartz; Robert Huber; Mahfouz
George H. Forces
Jack Steinberger Hartmut Michel
Hitchings

Norman Foster
Ramsey, Jr.; J. Michael
Sidney Altman; Camilo Jos Tenzin Gyatso Trygve
1989 Hans Georg Bishop;
Thomas Cech Cela (The Dalai Lama) Haavelmo
Dehmelt; Harold E. Varmus
Wolfgang Paul

Jerome Isaac Harry

Friedman; Joseph Murray; Markowitz;
Elias James Mikhail
1990 Henry Way E. Donnall Octavio Paz Merton Miller;
Corey Gorbachev
Kendall; Thomas William F.
Richard E. Taylor Sharpe

1991 Pierre-Gilles de Richard R. Ernst Erwin Neher; Nadine Aung San Suu Ronald Coase
 Gennes Bert Sakmann Gordimer Kyi

Edmond H.
Rudolph A. Rigoberta
1992 Georges Charpak Fischer; Derek Walcott Gary Becker
Marcus Mench
Edwin G. Krebs

Russell Alan Richard J.

Hulse; Kary Mullis; Roberts; Nelson Mandela; Robert Fogel;
1993 Toni Morrison
Joseph Hooton Michael Smith Phillip Allen F. W. de Klerk Douglass North
Taylor, Jr. Sharp

John Harsanyi;
Bertram Alfred G. Yasser Arafat; John Forbes
George Andrew
1994 Brockhouse; Gilman; Kenzabur e Shimon Peres; Nash, Jr.;
Olah
Clifford Shull Martin Rodbell Yitzhak Rabin Reinhard
Selten

Joseph Rotblat;
Paul J. Crutzen; Edward B. Lewis;
Pugwash
Martin Lewis Perl; Mario J. Molina; Christiane Robert Lucas,
1995 Seamus Heaney Conferences on
Frederick Reines Frank Sherwood Nsslein-Volhard; Jr.
Science and
Rowland Eric F. Wieschaus
World Affairs

David Lee; Robert F. Curl

Peter C. Doherty; Carlos Filipe James Mirrlees;
Douglas Osheroff; Jr.; Wisawa
1996 Rolf M. Ximenes Belo; William
Robert Coleman Harry Kroto; Szymborska
Zinkernagel Jos Ramos-Horta Vickrey
Richardson Richard Smalley

Steven Chu;
Paul D. Boyer; International
Claude Cohen- Robert C.
John E. Walker; Stanley B. Campaign to Ban
1997 Tannoudji; Dario Fo Merton;
Jens Christian Prusiner Landmines;
William Daniel Myron Scholes
Skou Jody Williams
Phillips

Robert B.
Robert F.
Laughlin;
Walter Kohn; Furchgott; John Hume;
1998 Horst Ludwig Jos Saramago Amartya Sen
John Pople Louis Ignarro; David Trimble
Strmer;
Ferid Murad
Daniel C. Tsui

Gerard 't Hooft;

Mdecins Sans
1999 Martinus J. G. Ahmed Zewail Gnter Blobel Gnter Grass Robert Mundell
Frontires
Veltman

Alan J. Heeger;
James
Zhores Alferov; Alan Arvid Carlsson;
Heckman;
2000 Herbert Kroemer; MacDiarmid; Paul Greengard; Gao Xingjian Kim Dae-jung
Daniel
Jack Kilby Hideki Eric Kandel
McFadden
Shirakawa

William
George
Eric Allin Cornell; Standish Leland H.
Akerlof;
Wolfgang Knowles; Hartwell; United Nations;
2001 V. S. Naipaul Michael
Ketterle; Ryji Noyori; Tim Hunt; Kofi Annan
Spence;
Carl Wieman Karl Barry Paul Nurse
Joseph Stiglitz
Sharpless

Raymond Davis,
Sydney Brenner; Daniel
Jr.; John Fenn;
H. Robert Kahneman;
2002 Masatoshi Koichi Tanaka; Imre Kertsz Jimmy Carter
Horvitz; Vernon L.
Koshiba; Kurt Wthrich
John Sulston Smith
Riccardo Giacconi

2003 Alexei Peter Agre; Paul Lauterbur; J. M. Coetzee Shirin Ebadi Robert F.
Alexeyevich Roderick Peter Mansfield Engle;
Abrikosov; MacKinnon Clive Granger
Vitaly Ginzburg;
Anthony James
Leggett
 David Gross; Aaron Finn E.
Hugh David Ciechanover; Richard Axel; Kydland;
2004 Elfriede Jelinek Wangari Maathai
Politzer; Avram Hershko; Linda B. Buck Edward C.
Frank Wilczek Irwin Rose Prescott

Yves Chauvin; International

Roy J. Glauber; Robert
Robert H. Atomic Energy
John L. Hall; Barry Marshall; Aumann;
2005 Grubbs; Harold Pinter Agency;
Theodor W. Robin Warren Thomas
Richard R. Mohamed
Hnsch Schelling
Schrock ElBaradei

Muhammad
John C. Mather; Roger D. Andrew Fire;
2006 Orhan Pamuk Yunus; Edmund Phelps
George Smoot Kornberg Craig Mello
Grameen Bank

Intergovernmental Leonid
Mario Capecchi;
Albert Fert; Panel on Climate Hurwicz;
2007 Gerhard Ertl Martin Evans; Doris Lessing
Peter Grnberg Change; Eric Maskin;
Oliver Smithies
Al Gore Roger Myerson

Yoichiro Nambu; Harald zur

Osamu
Makoto Hausen;
Shimomura; J. M. G. Le
2008 Kobayashi; Franoise Barr- Martti Ahtisaari Paul Krugman
Martin Chalfie; Clzio
Toshihide Sinoussi;
Roger Y. Tsien
Maskawa Luc Montagnier

Venkatraman
Elizabeth
Charles K. Kao; Ramakrishnan; Elinor Ostrom;
Blackburn;
2009 Willard S. Boyle; Thomas A. Herta Mller Barack Obama Oliver E.
Carol W. Greider;
George E. Smith Steitz; Williamson
Jack W. Szostak
Ada Yonath

Peter A.
Diamond;
Andre Geim; Richard F. Heck;
Robert G. Mario Vargas Dale T.
2010 Konstantin Ei-ichi Negishi; Liu Xiaobo[F]
Edwards Llosa Mortensen;
Novoselov Akira Suzuki
Christopher A.
Pissarides

Bruce Beutler;
Ellen Johnson Thomas J.
Saul Perlmutter; Jules A.
Tomas Sirleaf; Sargent;
2011 Adam G. Riess; Dan Shechtman Hoffmann;
Transtrmer Leymah Gbowee; Christopher A.
Brian Schmidt Ralph M.
Tawakel Karman Sims
Steinman

Brian K.
Alvin E. Roth;
Serge Haroche; Kobilka; John B. Gurdon;
2012 Mo Yan European Union Lloyd S.
David J. Wineland Robert J. Shinya Yamanaka
Shapley
Lefkowitz

James E. Eugene F.
Rothman; Organisation for Fama;
Martin Karplus;
Franois Englert; Randy W. the Prohibition of Lars Peter
2013 Michael Levitt; Alice Munro
Peter W. Higgs Schekman; Chemical Hansen;
Arieh Warshel
Thomas C. Weapons Robert J.
Sdhof Shiller

Eric Betzig;
Isamu Akasaki; John O'Keefe;
Stefan Hell; Kailash Satyarthi;
2014 Hiroshi Amano; May-Britt Moser; Patrick Modiano Jean Tirole
William Malala Yousafzai
Shuji Nakamura Edvard Moser
Moerner

William C.
Takaaki Kajita; Tomas Lindahl;
Campbell; Svetlana Tunisian National
2015 Arthur B. Paul L. Modrich; Angus Deaton
Satoshi mura; Alexievich Dialogue Quartet
McDonald Aziz Sancar
Tu Youyou

2016[10] David J. Thouless; Jean-Pierre Yoshinori Bob Dylan Juan Manuel Oliver Hart;
 Duncan Haldane; Sauvage; Ohsumi Santos Bengt R.
John M. Kosterlitz Fraser Stoddart; Holmstrm
Ben Feringa
Jacques
Jeffrey C. Hall; International
Rainer Weiss; Dubochet;
Michael Rosbash; Campaign to
2017 Barry Barish; Joachim Frank; Kazuo Ishiguro
Michael W. Abolish Nuclear
Kip Thorne Richard
Young Weapons
Henderson

Physiology
Year Physics Chemistry Literature Peace Economics
or Medicine

Notes
A In 1938 and 1939, the government of Germany did not allow three German Nobel nominees to accept
their Nobel Prizes. The three were Richard Kuhn, Nobel laureate in Chemistry in 1938; Adolf Butenandt,
Nobel laureate in Chemistry in 1939; and Gerhard Domagk, Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine in
1939. They were later awarded the Nobel Prize diploma and medal, but not the money.[8]
B In 1948, the Nobel Prize in Peace was not awarded. The Nobel Foundation's website suggests that it
would have been awarded to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, however, due to his assassination earlier
that year, it was left unassigned in his honor.[11]
C In 1958, Russian-born Boris Pasternak, under pressure from the government of the Soviet Union, was

forced to decline the Nobel Prize in Literature.[8]

D In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre refused to accept the Nobel Prize in Literature, as he had consistently refused

all official honors in the past.[8]

E In 1973, L c Th declined the Nobel Peace Prize. His reason was that he felt he did not deserve it
because although he helped negotiate the Paris Peace Accords (a cease-fire in the Vietnam War), there
had been no actual peace agreement.[7][8]
F In 2010, Liu Xiaobo was unable to receive the Nobel Peace Prize as he was sentenced to 11 years of

imprisonment by the Chinese authorities.[12]

See also
List of Nobel laureates by country
List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation
Nobel Prize laureates by secondary school affiliation

References
General

"All Nobel Laureates in Physics". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25.

"All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
"All Nobel Laureates in Medicine". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
"All Nobel Laureates in Literature". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
"All Nobel Peace Prize Laureates". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
"All Laureates in Economics". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25.

Specific

1. "Alfred Nobel The Man Behind the Nobel Prize" (http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/). Nobel
Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
2. "The Nobel Prize" (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
 3. "The Nobel Prize Awarders" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081015013145/http://nobelprize.org/prize_a
warders/). Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original (http://nobelprize.org/prize_awarders/) on
2008-10-15. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
4. "The Nobel Prize Amounts" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080731233358/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_p
rizes/amounts.html). Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/a
mounts.html) on 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
5. "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080822184717/http://nobelprize.or
g/award_ceremonies/). Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original (http://nobelprize.org/award_cerem
onies/) on 2008-08-22. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
6. "List of All Nobel Laureates 1942" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081208204301/http://nobelprize.org/n
obel_prizes/lists/1942.html). Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_
prizes/lists/1942.html) on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
7. Lundestad, Geir (2001-03-15). "The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000" (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/p
eace/articles/lundestad-review/index.html). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
8. "Nobel Prize Facts" (https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved
2015-10-11.
9. "Women Nobel Laureates" (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/women.html). Nobel Foundation.
Retrieved 2011-10-11.
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announcements/index.html). Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
11. Tnnesson, yvind (December 1, 1999). "Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureates" (http://nobelprize.or
g/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/gandhi/index.html). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved January 3, 2010. "Later,
there have been speculations that the committee members could have had another deceased peace worker
than Gandhi in mind when they declared that there was "no suitable living candidate", namely the
Swedish UN envoy to Palestine, Count Bernadotte, who was murdered in September 1948. Today, this
can be ruled out; Bernadotte had not been nominated in 1948. Thus it seems reasonable to assume that
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2010/presentation-speech.html). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved October 10, 2011.

External links
Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Official website of the Nobel Foundation
Downloadable Database of Nobel Laureates

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