EXP NO: 1 DATE:

DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE

CONVERTER
AIM:

To simulate and study the characteristics of single phase full converter fed DC drive.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

MATLAB /Simulink.

PROCEDURE:

Steps to create modeling by using matlab/simulink

1. Study the circuit diagram, operation and model waveforms of a single phase full converter
drive
2. Open the MATLAB software by double-clicking the MATLAB icon on the desktop and
click the shortcut Simulink to open the Simulink Library Browser.
3. Create a new model and click on SimPowerSystems block in Simulink Library
Browser.
4. Drag the powergui block in SimPowerSystems submenu to the new model.
5. Double click on the Electrical Source block in SimPowerSystems submenu to select the
single phase supply source AC Voltage Source and drag it to the new model. Set the
peak amplitude of voltage as 100 Volts.
6. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Power Electronics block to pick the
Thyristor and drag them to the new model.
7. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Elements block to pick the load Series RLC
branch and drag it to the new model. Set the value of C as zero by double-clicking on the
load.
8. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Measurements block to pick the Voltage
Measurement & Current Measurement,machine and drag them to the new model.
9. In the Simulink submenu, select Commonly Used Blocks to pick the SCOPE and drag
it to the new model.
10. In the Simulink submenu, select Sources to pick the Pulse Generator for thyristors and
drag it to the new model.
11. Arrange the components as per the circuit diagram and connect them.
1
12. Set the values of input source voltage parameters such as amplitude, phase angle and
frequency.
13. Set the pulse generator parameters such as pulse type, amplitude, period, pulse width,
phase delay, etc. as per circuit design formula.
14. Set the scope axis as per the circuit requirements like input voltage, output voltage, output
current, etc.
15. Simulate the circuit and take the output waveforms in the scope

THEORY:
A fully controlled or full converter uses thyristors only and there is a wide control over the level of
dc output voltage. With pure resistive load, it is single quadrant converter. Here both the output
voltage and current are positive. With RL Load it becomes a two quadrant converter. Here output
voltage is either positive or negative but output current is always positive. The full converter drive
offers two quadrant i.e.,,first and fourth quadrants and it uses is limited to about 15kw.for
regenerative braking of the motor, the power flow from motor to the ac source and this is feasible
only if motor counter emf is reversed because then eaia would be negative the direction of current
cannot be reversed as SCRs are unidirectional devices.

Fig:Single phase full converter drive Fig: Two quadrant diagram

2
 DESIGN OF PHASE DELAY:

1. Firing angle delay for thyristor 1,2 = (0+)*0.02/360 sec

2. Firing angle delay for thyristor 3,4 = (180+)*0.02/360 sec

Where, = firing angle delay in degrees.

Frequency = 50 Hz, i.e. time period = 0.02 sec

PHASE DELAY CALCULATION:

Let the firing angle =30

1. Firing angle delay for thyristor 1, 2 = (0+30)*0.02/360 = 0.001667 sec

2. Firing angle delay for thyristor3, 4 = (180+30)*0.02/360 = 0.011667 sec

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SINGLE PHASE FULL CONVERTER DRIVE:

3
Waveforms of single phase full converter drive when =30:

Waveforms of single phase full converter drive when =60:

4
RESULT:

Thus the operation and characteristics of single phase full converter drive has been studied and the
output waveforms for the firing angles of 300 and 600 were obtained

5
EXP NO: 2 DATE:
DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE
CONVERTER
AIM:

To simulate and study the characteristics of single phase half converter fed DC drive.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

MATLAB 6.1 or above

PROCEDURE:

Steps to create modeling by using matlab/Simulink

1. Study the circuit diagram, operation and model waveforms of a single phase half converter
drive
2. Open the MATLAB software by double-clicking the MATLAB icon on the desktop and
click the shortcut Simulink to open the Simulink Library Browser.
3. Create a new model and click on SimPowerSystems block in Simulink Library
Browser.
4. Drag the powergui block in SimPowerSystems submenu to the new model.
5. Double click on the Electrical Source block in SimPowerSystems submenu to select the
single phase supply source AC Voltage Source and drag it to the new model. Set the
peak amplitude of voltage as 100 Volts.
6. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Power Electronics block to pick the
Thyristor and drag them to the new model.
7. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select machines block to pick the DC machine
8. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Measurements block to pick the Voltage
Measurement & Current Measurement,machine and drag them to the new model.
9. In the Simulink submenu, select Commonly Used Blocks to pick the SCOPE and
drag it to the new model.
10. In the Simulink submenu, select Sources to pick the Pulse Generator for thyristors
and drag it to the new model.
11. Arrange the components as per the circuit diagram and connect them.

6
 12. Set the values of input source voltage parameters such as amplitude, phase angle and
frequency.
13. Set the pulse generator parameters such as pulse type, amplitude, period, pulse width,
phase delay, etc. as per circuit design formula.
14. Set the scope axis as per the circuit requirements like input voltage, armature voltage,
speed, field current, electric torque etc.
15. Simulate the circuit and take the output waveforms in the scope

THEORY:The single phase semi converter or single phase half controlled converter bridge is
employing two Thyristors and two diodes. The semi converters have two legs. There is a limited
control over the level of dc output voltage in these converters. The single phase semi converter offers
one-quadrant operation. A one-quadrant converter has one polarity of dc output voltage and current
at its output terminals.
At t=0 to t=, the load current I0 freewheels T2D1. After t=0, T1 gets forward bias through
D2. At a firing angle , T1 is turned on. Load current shift from T2 to T1. At t=, T2 is subjected
to reverse voltage Vm Sin . Hence, it is turned off. During the interval to , T1 and D1 conduct
and ac source delivers energy to the load circuit. In this period, the output voltage is equal to supply
voltage. During the period to +, the thyristor T1 is subjected to the reverse voltage and hence
it is reverse biased. During this period, the thyristor T2 is forward biased but it will not conduct as
it is not triggered. Hence, the output voltage and current in this period is zero.
At t = (+), the forward biased thyristor T2 is turned on. T1 is therefore turned off and is subjected
to reverse voltage Vm Sin (+). Now the output voltage is negative of supply voltage and the
current flows in the same direction as before for the period + to 2. At t = 2, the thyristor T1
is forward biased but it will not conduct as it not triggered and the thyristor T2 is subjected to the
reverse voltage and hence it is not triggered during the period 2 to 2+. Hence, the output voltage
and current in this period is zero.

7
 mosfet

230v 150v
AC M
DC

Fig:Single phase half converter fed dc drive

DESIGN OF PHASE DELAY:

Firing angle delay for thyristor = (0+)*0.02/360 sec

Where, = firing angle delay in degrees.

Frequency = 50 Hz, i.e. time period = 0.02 sec

PHASE DELAY CALCULATION:

Let the firing angle =30

Firing angle delay for thyristor = (0+30)*0.02/360

=0.001667 sec

8
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SINGLE PHASE HALF CONVERTER DRIVE:

Waveforms of single phase half converter drive when =30:

9
Waveforms of single phase half converter drive when =60:

RESULT:

Thus the operation and characteristics of single phase half converter drive has been studied and
the output waveforms for the firing angles of 30 and 60were obtained

10
EXP NO: 3 DATE:

DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING THREE PHASE FULL WAVE

CONVERTER
AIM:

To study the characteristics of three phase full wave rectifier fed dc drive.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

MATLAB 6.1 or above

THEORY:

Three phase full converter fed dc drive is the most commonly used drive. It offers two
-quadrant drive and is used upto about 1500 KW. When compared with the characteristics of
single phase full wave rectifier fed drive, it shows a considerable reduction in the zone of
discontinuous conduction. The discontinuous conduction modes for the motoring operation are
for alpha () lesser than gamma() and for the regenerative braking, greater than . Where
and are firing angle and extinction angle respectively.

PROCEDURE:
1. Study the circuit diagram, operation and model waveforms of a three phase full wave rectifier
fed DC drive.
2. Open the MATLAB software by double-clicking the MATLAB icon on the desktop and
click the shortcut Simulink to open the Simulink Library Browser.
3. Create a new model and click on SimPowerSystems block in Simulink Library Browser.
4. Drag the powergui block in SimPowerSystems submenu to the new model.
5. Double click on the Electrical Source block in SimPowerSystems submenu to select the
three phase supply source AC Voltage Source and drag it to the new model. Set the peak
amplitude of voltage as 110 Volts.
6. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Power Electronics block to pick the Thyristor
and drag them to the new model.
7. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Electrical machines, pick DC machine block
and drag it to the new model. Select machine parameters and accordingly provide fixed dc
supply to the field winding.
8. Next add bus selector and Gain blocks to the model..

11
9. In the Simulink submenu, select Commonly Used Blocks to pick the SCOPE and drag
it to the new model.
10. In the Simulink submenu, select Sources to pick the Pulse Generator for the thyristors
and drag it to the new model.
11. Arrange the components as per the circuit diagram and connect them.
12. Set the values of input source voltage parameters such as amplitude, phase angle and
frequency.

13. Set the pulse generator parameters such as pulse type, amplitude, period, pulse width, phase
delay, etc. as per circuit design formula.
14. Connect output terminal (E) of the machine to the input of Bus selector. Choose four
outputs i.e. speed, armature current, field current and torque from the bus selector. Connect
these output terminals to scope. Set the scope axis as per the circuit requirements. Click on
Gain block and make the value 9.55 to convert speed in radian/sec to rpm.
16. Simulate the circuit and take the output waveforms in the scope

OBSERVATION:
1. The output is observed for firing angles of =30 and =60 individually.
2. The Thyristors are denoted in the sequence they conduct, i.e , T1 , T2, T3, T4, T5, T6.
3. Each thyristor conducts for 120 duration. T2 starts conducting 60 after T1, T3 conducts
60 after T2 and so on.
4. Here the speed is represented in rpm. We can observe from the output graphs that the speed
is increasing gradually for firing angle of 30. The armature current and the electric torque
is averagely constant.The field current is given a constant value of 1 amp.
5. For = 60, the armature current and torque waveform remains same only the average value
increases a little. Field current remains constant. The speed in this case is also gradually
increasing.

PHASE DELAY CALCULATIONS:

12
Generalized formula: [(+30)*0.02]/360]

Taking =30,

1. phase delay of thyristor 1 (T1) = 0.0033 sec

2. phase delay of thyristor 2 (T2) =0.0067 sec
3. phase delay of thyristor 3 (T3) =0.01 sec
4. phase delay of thyristor 4 (T4) =0.013 sec
5. phase delay of thyristor 5 (T5) =0.0167 sec
6. phase delay of thyristor 6 (T6) =0.02 sec

Taking =60,

1. phase delay of thyristor 1 (T1) = 0.005 sec

2. phase delay of thyristor 2 (T2) =0.0083 sec
3. phase delay of thyristor 3 (T3) =0.0116 sec
4. phase delay of thyristor 4 (T4) =0.015 sec
5. phase delay of thyristor 5 (T5) =0.0183 sec
6. phase delay of thyristor 6 (T6) =0.0216 sec

13
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MODEL GRAPH:
14
SIMULATION DIAGRAM:

15
OUTPUT WAVEFORMS:

16
(For =30)

17
 (For = 60)

RESULT:
The operation has been studied and output waveforms analyzed for three phase full wave
rectifier fed dc drive.

18
EXP NO: 4 DATE:

DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING THREE PHASE SEMI

CONVERTER
AIM:

The aim of Experiment is to analyze the operation of three phase semi converter with dc motor.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
MATLAB 6.1 or above
THEORY:

The 3-phase half wave converter combines three single phase half wave controlled rectifiers in
one single circuit feeding a common load. The thyristor T1 in series with one of the supply
phase windings 'a-n' acts as one half wave controlled rectifier. The second thyristor T2 in series
with the supply phase winding 'b-n' acts as the second half wave controlled rectifier. The third
thyristor T3 in series with the supply phase winding acts as the third half wave controlled
rectifier.

The 3-phase input supply is applied through the star connected supply transformer as shown in
the figure. The common neutral point of the supply is connected to one end of the load while
the other end of the load connected to the common cathode point.

When the thyristor T1 is triggered at t=(/6 + )=(30 + ) , the phase voltage Van appears
across the load when T1 conducts. The load current flows through the supply phase winding 'a-
n' and through thyristor T1 as long as T1 conducts.
When thyristor T2 is triggered at t=(5/6), T1 becomes reverse biased and turns-off. The
load current flows through the thyristor and through the supply phase winding 'b-n' . When
T2 conducts the phase voltage vbnappears across the load until the thyristor T3 is triggered .

When the thyristor T3 is triggered at t=(3/2 + )=(270+) , T2 is reversed biased and hence
T2 turns-off. The phase voltage Van appears across the load when T3 conducts.

When T1 is triggered again at the beginning of the next input cycle the thyristor T3 turns off
as it is reverse biased naturally as soon as T1 is triggered. The figure shows the 3-phase input
supply voltages, the output voltage which appears across the load, and the load current

19
assuming a constant and ripple free load current for a highly inductive load and the current
through the thyristor T1.

For a purely resistive load where the load inductance L = 0 and the trigger angle >(/6) ,
the load current appears as discontinuous load current and each thyristor is naturally
commutated when the polarity of the corresponding phase supply voltage reverses. The
frequency of output ripple frequency for a 3-phase half wave converter is fs, where fs is the
input supply frequency. 3

The 3-phase half wave converter is not normally used in practical converter systems because
of the disadvantage that the supply current waveforms contain dc components (i.e., the supply
current waveforms have an average or dc value).

Fig Three phase semi converter with RLE Load

PROCEDURE:

20
Steps to create modelling by using matlab/simulink
1. Study the circuit diagram, operation and model waveforms of a THREE PHASE SEMI
CONVERTER WITH DC MOTOR.
2. Open the MATLAB software by double-clicking the MATLAB icon on the desktop
and click the shortcut Simulink to open the Simulink Library Browser.
3. Create a new model and click on SimPowerSystems block in Simulink Library
Browser.
4. Drag the powergui block in SimPowerSystems submenu to the new model.
5. Double click on the Electrical Source block in SimPowerSystems submenu to select
the three phase supply source AC Voltage Source and drag it to the new model. Set
the peak amplitude of voltage as 240 Volts.
6. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Power Electronics block to pick the
Thyristor and drag them to the new model.
7. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Machine block to pick the load DC
machine and drag it to the new model.
8. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Measurements block to pick the Voltage
Measurement & Current Measurement,machine and drag them to the new model.
9. In the Simulink submenu, select Commonly Used Blocks to pick the SCOPE and
drag it to the new model.
10. In the Simulink submenu, select Sources to pick the Pulse Generator for thyristors
and drag it to the new model.
11. Arrange the components as per the circuit diagram and connect them.
12. Set the values of input source voltage parameters such as amplitude, phase angle and
frequency.
13. Set the pulse generator parameters such as pulse type, amplitude, period, pulse width,
phase delay, etc. as per circuit design formula.
14. Set the scope axis as per the circuit requirements like input voltage, output voltage,
output current, etc.
15. Simulate the circuit and take the output waveforms in the scope

DESIGN OF PHASE DELAY:

1. Firing angle delay for thyristor 1 = (0+)*0.02/360 sec

21
2. Firing angle delay for thyristor 2 =(180+)*0.02/360 sec
Where, = firing angle delay in degrees.
Frequency = 50 Hz, i.e. time period = 0.02 sec

PHASE DELAY CALCULATION:

Let the firing angle =30

1. Firing angle delay for thyristor 1 = (0+30)*0.02/360

2. Firing angle delay for thyristor 2 = (30+30)*0.02/360

SIMULATION:

Fig - Simulink Model of Three Phase Semiconverter with DC Motor

Fig - waveforms when = 30

22
23
Fig - waveform when = 60

Fig waveform when = 90

24
RESULT:

25
Thus the operation and characteristics of three phase Semi converter with drive has been
studied and the output waveform has been observed.

EXP NO: 5 DATE:

26
 DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING CLASS-A CHOPPER
AIM:

To study and analyze class A type chopper.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

MATLAB 6.1 or above

THEORY:

Class A chopper is a first quadrant chopper. When chopper is ON , supply voltage V is

connected across the load When chopper is OFF , Vo=0 and the load current continues to flow
in the same direction through the FWD. The average values of output voltage and current are
always positive.ClassA chopper is a step down chopper in which power always flows from
source to load. It is used to control the speed of dc motor. The output current equations obtained
in step down chopper with R-L Load can be used to study the performance of class A chopper.

This type of chopper is shown in the fig. It is known as first-quadrant chopper is on,
Vo=Vs as a result and the current flows in the direction of the load. But when the chopper is
off Vo is zero but Io continues to flow in the same direction through the freewheeling diode
FD, thus average value of voltage and current say Vo and Io will be always positive as shown
in the graph.

In type A chopper the power flow will be always from source to the load. As the average
voltage Vo is less than the dc input voltage Vs.

DIAGRAM:

27
 Fig.First-quadrant type-A chopper

PROCEDURE:

Steps to create modelling by using matlab/simulink

1. Study the circuit diagram, operation and model waveforms of a Class A Type
Chopper.
2. Open the MATLAB software by double-clicking the MATLAB icon on the desktop
and click the shortcut Simulink to open the Simulink Library Browser.
3. Create a new model and click on SimPowerSystems block in Simulink Library
Browser.
4. Drag the powergui block in SimPowerSystems submenu to the new model.
5. Double click on the Electrical Source block in SimPowerSystems submenu to select
the single phase supply source AC Voltage Source and drag it to the new model. Set
the peak amplitude of voltage as 100 Volts.
6. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Power Electronics block to pick the
Thyristor and drag them to the new model.
7. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Elements block to pick the load Series
RLC branch and drag it to the new model. Set the value of C as zero by double-clicking
on the load.
8. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Measurements block to pick the Voltage
Measurement & Current Measurement,machine and drag them to the new model.

28
 9. In the Simulink submenu, select Commonly Used Blocks to pick the SCOPE and
drag it to the new model.
10. In the Simulink submenu, select Sources to pick the Pulse Generator for thyristors
and drag it to the new model.
11. Arrange the components as per the circuit diagram and connect them.
12. Set the values of input source voltage parameters such as amplitude, phase angle and
frequency.
13. Set the pulse generator parameters such as pulse type, amplitude, period, pulse width,
phase delay, etc. as per circuit design formula.
14. Set the scope axis as per the circuit requirements like input voltage, output voltage,
output current, etc.
15. Simulate the circuit and take the output waveforms in the scope.

DESIGN OF PHASE WIDTH:

Changing the duty cycle for pulse generator

PHASE WIDTH CALCULATION:

Let the duty cycle =30,60,90

29
SIMULATION:

WAVEFORMS:

Waveform of chopper Awhen duty cycle=50:

Waveform of chopper A when duty cycle= 90:

30
Waveform of chopper A when duty cycle=30:

31
RESULT:

Thus the operation and characteristics of single phase class-A chopper fed drive has been
studied and the output waveforms has been observed.

32
EXP NO: 6 DATE:

DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING CLASS-B CHOPPER

AIM:

To study and analyse class B type chopper.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

MATLAB 6.1 or above

THEORY:

In type B or second quadrant chopper the load must always contain a dc source E.When the
chopper is on ,Vo is zero but the load voltage E drives the current through the inductor L and
the chopper, L stores the energy during the time Ton of the chopper. When the chopper is off,
Vo=(E+L.di/dt) will be more tha the source voltage Vs. Because of this the diode D2 will be
forward biased and begins conducting and hence the power starts flowing out of the loadand
is treated negative. Since Vo is positive and the current Io is negative ,the direction of power
flow will be from load to source. The load voltage Vo=(E+L.di/dt) will be more than the
voltage Vs so the type B chopper is also- known as step up chopper.

DIAGRAM:

Fig: Type-B chopper or second quadrant chopper

33
PROCEDURE:

Steps to create modeling by using matlab/simulink

1. Study the circuit diagram, operation and model waveforms of a single phase full
converter drive
2. Open the MATLAB software by double-clicking the MATLAB icon on the desktop and
click the shortcut Simulink to open the Simulink Library Browser.
3. Create a new model and click on SimPowerSystems block in Simulink Library
Browser.
4. Drag the powergui block in SimPowerSystems submenu to the new model.
5. Double click on the Electrical Source block in SimPowerSystems submenu to select the
single phase supply source AC Voltage Source and drag it to the new model. Set the
peak amplitude of voltage as 100 Volts.
6. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Power Electronics block to pick the
Thyristor and drag them to the new model.
7. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Elements block to pick the load Series RLC
branch and drag it to the new model. Set the value of L as zero by double-clicking on the
load.
8. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Measurements block to pick the Voltage
Measurement & Current Measurement,machine and drag them to the new model.
9. In the Simulink submenu, select Commonly Used Blocks to pick the SCOPE and
drag it to the new model.
10. In the Simulink submenu, select Sources to pick the Pulse Generator for thyristors
and drag it to the new model.
11. Arrange the components as per the circuit diagram and connect them.
12. Set the values of input source voltage parameters such as amplitude, phase angle and
frequency.
13. Set the pulse generator parameters such as pulse type, amplitude, period, pulse width,
phase delay, etc. as per circuit design formula.
14. Set the scope axis as per the circuit requirements like input voltage, output voltage, output
current, etc.
15. Simulate the circuit and take the output waveforms in the scope.

34
DESIGN OF PHASE WIDTH:

Changing the Duty cycle for pulse generator

PHASE WIDTH CALCULATION:

Let the duty cycle =30,500,900

SIMULATION:

35
WAVEFORM:
Waveform of chopper B when duty cycle=30:

Waveform of chopper B when duty cycle=50:

36
 Waveform of chopper B when duty cycle=90:

RESULT:

Thus the operation and characteristics of single phase class-B chopper fed drive has been
studied and the output waveforms have been observed.

37
EXP NO: 7 DATE:

DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING CLASS-C CHOPPER

AIM:

To study and analyze class C type chopper.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

MATLAB 6.1 or above

THEORY:

This type of chopper is obtained by connecting type-A and type-B choppers in parallel as
shown in fig.the output voltage V0 is always positive because of the presence of freewheeling
diodes FD across the load. When chopper CH2 is on, or freewheeling diode FD conduct, output
voltage v0=0 and in case chopper CH1 is on or diode D2 conducts, output voltage v0=Vs. The
load current i0 can, however, reverse its direction. Current i0 flows in the arrow direction
marked in fig, Load current is positive when CH1 is on or FD conducts. Load current is
negative if CH2 is on or D2 conducts.in other words,CH2 and D2 operate together as types-A
chopper in first quadrant.likewise,Ch2 and D2 operate together as type-B chopper in second
quadrant.

Average load voltage is always positive but average load current may be positive or negative
as explained above.therefore, power flow may be from source to load(first quadrant
operation)or from load to source(second quadrant operation).Chopper CH1 an CH2 should not
be on simultaneously as this would lead to a direct short circuit on the supply lines.This type
of chopper configuration is used for motoring and regenerative braking of dc motors.the
operating region of this type of chopper is shown in fig by hatched area in first and second
quadrants.

38
DIAGRAM:

Fig.Two-quadrant type-A chopper or type-C chopper

PROCEDURE:

Steps to create modelling by using matlab/Simulink

1. Study the circuit diagram, operation and model waveforms of a Class C Type
Chopper.
2. Open the MATLAB software by double-clicking the MATLAB icon on the desktop
and click the shortcut Simulink to open the Simulink Library Browser.
3. Create a new model and click on SimPowerSystems block in Simulink Library
Browser.
4. Drag the powergui block in SimPowerSystems submenu to the new model.
5. Double click on the Electrical Source block in SimPowerSystems submenu to
select the single phase supply source AC Voltage Source and drag it to the new
model. Set the peak amplitude of voltage as 100 Volts.
6. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Power Electronics block to pick the
Thyristor and drag them to the new model.

39
 7. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Elements block to pick the load Series
RLC branch and drag it to the new model. Set the value of C as zero by double-
clicking on the load.
8. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Measurements block to pick the
Voltage Measurement & Current Measurement, machine and drag them to the
new model.
9. In the Simulink submenu, select Commonly Used Blocks to pick the SCOPE
and drag it to the new model.
10. In the Simulink submenu, select Sources to pick the Pulse Generator for
thyristors and drag it to the new model.
11. Arrange the components as per the circuit diagram and connect them.
12. Set the values of input source voltage parameters such as amplitude, phase angle
and frequency.
13. Set the pulse generator parameters such as pulse type, amplitude, period, pulse
width, phase delay, etc. as per circuit design formula.
14. Set the scope axis as per the circuit requirements like input voltage, output voltage,
output current, etc.
15. Simulate the circuit and take the output waveforms in the scope

DESIGN OF PHASE DELAY:

1. Firing angle delay for thyristor 1

= (0+)*0.02/360 sec
2. Firing angle delay for thyristor 2
=(180+)*0.02/360 sec

Where, = firing angle delay in degrees.

Frequency = 50 Hz, i.e. time period = 0.02 sec

40
PHASE DELAY CALCULATION:

Let the firing angle =30

1. Firing angle delay for thyristor 1

= (0+30)*0.02/360 =0.001667 sec
2. Firing angle delay for thyristor 2
= (180+30)*0.02/360 = 0.011667 sec

SIMULATION:

41
WAVEFORM:

Waveform of chopper C when =0:

Waveform of chopper C when =30:

42
Waveform of chopper C when =60:

RESULT:

Thus the operation and characteristics of single phase class-C chopper fed drive has been
studied and the output waveforms have been observed.

43
EXP NO: 8 DATE:

DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING CLASS-D CHOPPER

AIM:

To study and analyze class D type chopper.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

MATLAB 6.1 or above

THEORY:

The power circuit diagram for two quadrant type-B,or type-D chopper, is shown in fig.The
output voltage v0=Vs when both CH1 and CH2 are on and v0=-Vs when both choppers are off
but both diodes D1 and D2 conduct. Average output voltage V0 is positive when choppers turn-
on time Ton is more than their turn-off Toff as shown in fig.The direction of load current is
always positive, because choppers and diodes can conduct current only in the direction of
arrows shown in fig.Waveform of source current is and chopper current ich1 or ich2 are also
sketched in fig.

As average values of both v0,i0 are positive, chopper operation in first quadrant is obtained
and power flows from source to load.
Various waveform for Ton<Toff are also skeched in fig.It is seen that average value of v0 is
negative,but that og i0 is positive.Thus fourth quadrant operation of type-D chopper is obtained
and power flows from load to source.

DIAGRAM:

Fig. Two quadrant type-B chopper or D-chopper circuit

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PROCEDURE:

Steps to create modelling by using matlab/Simulink

1. Study the circuit diagram, operation and model waveforms of a single phase full
converter drive
2. Open the MATLAB software by double-clicking the MATLAB icon on the desktop and
click the shortcut Simulink to open the Simulink Library Browser.
3. Create a new model and click on SimPowerSystems block in Simulink Library
Browser.
4. Drag the powergui block in SimPowerSystems submenu to the new model.
5. Double click on the Electrical Source block in SimPowerSystems submenu to select the
single phase supply source AC Voltage Source and drag it to the new model. Set the
peak amplitude of voltage as 100 Volts.
6. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Power Electronics block to pick the
Thyristor and drag them to the new model.
7. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Elements block to pick the load Series RLC
branch and drag it to the new model. Set the value of C as zero by double-clicking on
the load.
8. In the SimPowerSystems submenu, select Measurements block to pick the Voltage
Measurement & Current Measurement, machine and drag them to the new model.
9. In the Simulink submenu, select Commonly Used Blocks to pick the SCOPE and
drag it to the new model.
10. In the Simulink submenu, select Sources to pick the Pulse Generator for thyristors
and drag it to the new model.
11. Arrange the components as per the circuit diagram and connect them.
12. Set the values of input source voltage parameters such as amplitude, phase angle and
frequency.
13. Set the pulse generator parameters such as pulse type, amplitude, period, pulse width,
phase delay, etc. as per circuit design formula.
14. Set the scope axis as per the circuit requirements like input voltage, output voltage, output
current, etc.
15. Simulate the circuit and take the output waveforms in the scope.

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DESIGN OF PHASE DELAY:

1. Firing angle delay for thyristor 1

= ()*0.02/360 sec
2. Firing angle delay for thyristor 2
=()*0.02/360 sec

Where, = firing angle delay in degrees.

Frequency = 50 Hz, i.e. time period = 0.02 sec

PHASE DELAY CALCULATION:

Let the firing angle =30

1. Firing angle delay for thyristor 1

= (30)*0.02/360 =1.667 sec
2. Firing angle delay for thyristor 2
= (30)*0.02/360 = 1.667 sec

SIMULATION:

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WAVEFORM:

Waveform of chopper D when =0:

Waveform of chopper D when =30:

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 Waveform of chopper D when =60:

RESULT:
Thus the operation and characteristics of single phase class-D chopper fed drive has been studied
and the output waveforms have been observed.

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