MULTICELL SWITCHED INDUCTOR Z SOURCE INVERTER FED

INDUCTION MOTOR
1
SIBIRAHMAN T.P, 2HAREESH A
1
PG Scholar, 2Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, MEA Engineering College1,2

Abstract- In this paper a multicell SL Z-source inverter is proposed to control the speed of an induction motor. The
proposed topology is modified from the SL topology by adding inductors and diodes in to the inductor branch to the
conventional z source inverter. Z-Source Inverter has this unique feature that it can make the AC outputs to be greater than
the DC input sources. New classes of inverters are less sensitive to electromagnetic noises and which is more robust. Their
boosting capabilities and modulation ratios are increased in order to minimize the high component stresses and to overcome
the poorer spectral performances. To add an extra boosting flexibility by keeping the number of active semiconductors
unchanged, voltage-type and current-type Z-source inverters were earlier proposed. In order to increase the boosting gains,
simple boost control method is employed in Multicell Switched-Inductor.

Index Terms- Induction motor switched-inductor (SL) Simple boost control (SBC) Boost factor.

I. INTRODUCTION its simplicity. The most noticeable at present might

Modern electrical systems like power conditioners,
distributed generators and industrial drives have
raised the importance of dcac inverters, through
which energy is appropriately conditioned.
Although well established now, existing popular
inverter topologies still have some constraints to
resolve with the first being their inflexible voltage
or current conversion ranges. Converting DC input
sources to AC output waveforms is important in
most of electronic and electrical power applications.
That is the main function of inverter circuit which is
to convert DC input sources to AC output
waveforms. Traditionally there are two types of
inverters which are voltage source inverters and
current source inverters. Both of these types of
inverters are differentiated by their DC input
sources. Voltage source inverters use DC voltage
sources as inputs while current source inverters use
DC current sources.
The traditional inverters have a major setback. The
major setback or problem is that the AC output can
only be equal or less than the DC input values. This
problem has limited the flexibility of the inverters.
This means that if one wants to design a circuit that
produces AC output larger than the DC input, one
must design a two stage converter which is consists
of boost converter and inverter. This directly affects
the overall efficiency and cost of the circuit. To be
more precise, existing voltage-source inverter (VSI)
can only perform voltage step-down operation,
while its companion current-source inverter (CSI)
can only be in the current step-down mode.
Voltage and current step-up flexibility can surely be
added by connecting appropriate dcdc converters
to the traditional inverters, which probably would be
the most commercially viable approach because of
Proceedings of 9th IRF International Conference, Chennai, India, 25th May. 2014, ISBN: 978-93-84209-22-3
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be the voltage and current-type Z-source inverters.
The only difference noted with the Z-source
inverters is the presence of an X-shaped LC
impedance network and a far-left diode D. These
additions give boosting abilities and robustness to
the Z-source inverters, which can now tolerate
shoot-through and open-circuit states without
causing damages (traditional VSI does not allow
shooting through of its phase legs, while CSI does
not allow open circuiting of its bridge).
Although conversion gains of the Z-source inverters
are theoretically infinite, practical issues like higher
semiconductor stresses and poorer spectral
performances can constrain their highest achievable
limits. These constraints are undeniably linked to
the tradeoff between modulation ratio and shoot-
through or open-circuit duration experienced by the
Z-source inverters. A number of improvements have
been proposed including the switched-inductor (SL),
tapped-inductor (TL), T-source, and trans- Z-source
configurations. Each technique has its own
advantages and disadvantages that might better suit
certain applications.
Thus, Z source inverters were introduced to
overcome this barrier and improve the applications
of inverters in electronic and electrical power fields.
The purpose of this project is to study and analyze Z
source inverter and one of its switching methods
which is simple boost control method.
II. GENERALIZED SL TOPOLOGY
Fig. 1 shows the elementary voltage-type SL Z-
source inverter, wh is derived by replacing the two
inductors in the traditional network with two SL
cells. The SL cell was earlier proposed for various
dcdc converters, before it was applied to the
voltage-type Z-source inverter.
 Multicell Switched Inductor Z Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor

obtained VC = (2D/1-3D)Vin ; D is the duty ratio

and Vin is the DC source voltage

Boosting factor (B) of SL Z-source is expressed as

B = (1+D)/(1-3D)

III. MULTICELL SL TOPOLOGIES

To reduce the voltage stress a new topology has

been introduced as shown in the Fig. 2. The basic X
shaped impedance circuit is maintained and again
four in inductors and diodes are added.

The traditional Z-source inverter the voltage-type

SL inverter can operate in both shoot-through and
nonshoot-through states. Features and expressions
accompanying both states are presented as follows:

1)Shoot-Through: Introduced by turning on two

switches simultaneously from at least a phase leg
of the VSI bridge. Upon doing so, diodes D, D3, and
D6 reverse-bias, while diodes D1, D2, D4, andD5
conduct. The two inductors per SL cell are parallel
and their voltages expressed as
VL = VL1 = VL2 = VL3 = VL4.
VC1 = VC2 = VC.

2) Non-shoot-Through: Referred to any of the

traditional six active and two null states of a VSI. In
this state, diodes D, D3, and D6 conduct, while
diodes D1, D2, D4, and D5 block. The two Shoot-Through: Initiated by turning on two
inductors are thus in series, thus VL = (VdcVC)/2. switches from the same phase leg of the VSI bridge.
That causes diodes D1,D2,D8,D7are conducted and
Assuming that the four inductors (L1-L4) have the D,D3,D9 are blocked in the upper
same inductance and two capacitors (C1,C2) have branch.D5,D4,D11,D10 are conducted and D6 ,D12
the same capacitance. There by the circuit become are blocked in the lower branch.
symmetrical and the voltage across the inductor and
capacitors become

VL1=VL2=VL3=VL4=VL ; VL is the inductor

voltage VC1=VC2=VC ; VC is the capacitor voltage

Voltage equations in shoot through state are derived

as Vin + VC VL = 0

Voltage equation in the Non-shoot through state is

derived as -VC -2VL = 0
Vin Vdc VL + VC VL = 0

By applying the volt-second balance principle to the

inductor voltage, the following equations are Fig. 3. Shoot through state

`Proceedings of 9th IRF International Conference, Chennai, India, 25th May. 2014, ISBN: 978-93-84209-22-3
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 Multicell Switched Inductor Z Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor
2) Nonshoot-Through: Represented by one of the
traditional active or null VSI states. In this state,
D,D3,D9 are conducted and D1,D2,D8,D7 are
blocked in the upper branch and diodes D6,D12 are
conducted and diodes D5,D4,D10,D11 are blocked
in the lower branch.Here the three inductors are
connected in series and the stored energy is
transferred to the inverter circuit.
Fig. 2. Multicell SL Z-source inverter
Shoot-Through: Initiated by turning on two
switches from the same phase leg of the VSI bridge.
That causes diodes D1,D2,D8,D7are conducted and
D,D3,D9 are blocked in the upper
branch.D5,D4,D11,D10 are conducted and D6 ,D12
are blocked in the lower branch.
Fig. 3. Shoot through state
2) Nonshoot-Through: Represented by one of the
traditional active or null VSI states. In this state,
D,D3,D9 are conducted and D1,D2,D8,D7 are
blocked in the upper branch and diodes D6,D12 are
conducted and diodes D5,D4,D10,D11 are blocked
in the lower branch.Here the three inductors are
connected in series and the stored energy is
transferred to the inverter circuit.
Fig. 4. Non shoot through state
`Proceedings of 9th IRF International Conference, Chennai, India, 25th May. 2014, ISBN: 978-93-84209-22-3
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Assuming that the four inductors (L1-L6) have the
same inductance and two capacitors (C1,C2) have
the same capacitance. There by the circuit become
symmetrical and the voltage across the inductor and
capacitors become
VL1=VL2=VL3=VL4=VL5=VL6=VL ; VL is the
inductor voltage VC1=VC2=VC ; VC is the
capacitor voltage
Voltage equations in shoot through state are derived
as VC = VL
Vi = 0
Voltage equation in the Non-shoot through state is
derived as
3VL = Vdc VC
VC 3VL = 2VC - Vdc
Here the maximum value of duty ratio D is
maintained as
D < 1/(N+2); where N is the number of cells added.
Modulation index M is
M <= 1.15(1-D)
VC = ((1-D)/ 1-(N+2)D)Vin
Boosting factor B is expressed as
B = (1-ND)/1-(N+2)D.
IV. SIMPLE BOOST CONTROL
Fig 5 shows the block diagram of the simple boost
control (SBC) technique. In simple boost control,
the reference signal is compared with the triangular
carrier signal for generating the shoot through
pulses (with equal or greater than the peak of
triangular signal). To produce switching pulses, two
reference waveform having peak value with
modulation index (M) are compared with the same
triangular frequency triangular signal. These two
signals compared by using comparator. By using
logic gate, the shoots through pulses are inserted
into the switching waveform. These pulses are given
to the power IGBT through isolation and gate drive
circuit.
Major expressions of SBC method are outlined here,
Modulation index:
 Multicell Switched Inductor Z Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor

The high voltage gain and a small modulation index

have to be used for produce the output voltage. The
voltage stress across the switches is high by using
this control method.

V. INDUCTION MOTOR
VI. SIMULATION RESULTS
Three phase induction motors are the most widely
used in various industrial applications because of its The simulation is performed using Matlab/Simulink.
self-starting property, elimination of a starting Multicell switched inductor z source inverter of
device, robust construction, higher power factor and SBC method is simulated and the ZSI inverter fed
good speed regulation. But it is a constant speed induction motor is also simulated.
machine which makes its applications pretty much
limited. its speed is controlled by varying the
supply frequency and thereby it can save the energy
spent by the machine.

The base speed of an induction motor is directly

proportional to the supply frequency and the number
of poles. The poles are fixed and the speed of the
motor is controlled by varying the supply frequency.
The torque developed by the motor is directly
proportional to the ratio of the applied voltage and
the supply frequency.

The torque is kept constant by varying the applied

voltage and the supply frequency and by keeping
their ratio to a constant value.

The torque speed characteristics also denote that :

1. The starting current requirement is lower.

2. The stable operating point of the motor is

increased. The motor can be run at 5% of the
synchronous speed up to base speed instead of
running the motor from the base speed itself.

3. The acceleration and deceleration of the motor

can be controlled by controlling the change of the
supply frequency of the motor with respect to time. Fig. 7. Simulation results of multicell SL ZSI

`Proceedings of 9th IRF International Conference, Chennai, India, 25th May. 2014, ISBN: 978-93-84209-22-3
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 Multicell Switched Inductor Z Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor

CONCLUSION

This paper mainly focuses on the study of Z source

inverter and simple boost switching control method.
The circuit has been designed based on the standard
Z source inverter and simulated using MATLAB.
The theoretical values have been calculated and the
simulation results were gained through MATLAB
simulations. The simulation results were almost
similar to the calculated values both the output
voltages and voltage stress. The output voltage also
can be buck or boost depends on the requirement of
the electronic or electrical power applications.
However, for simple boost switching technique, the
modulation index can only be in the range of zero
and one. Thus, since the output voltage directly
depending on the modulation index, the output
voltage has been limited to a certain range for the Z
source inverter instead of zero to infinity.
Fig .8. waveforms of simple boost technique
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`Proceedings of 9th IRF International Conference, Chennai, India, 25th May. 2014, ISBN: 978-93-84209-22-3
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