B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC M - A CHT

ThS. Hong Anh c

CNG NGHIN CU SINH

PHN TCH, THIT K BN TRONG NEOGEOGRAPHY

H Ni 03/2015

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 TI

Phn tch, thit k bn trong neogeography

1. Tnh cp thit ca ti

Bn l mt vt dng rt quan trng v hu ch trong cuc sng ca chng ta. (M.J.

Kraak & Brown, 2001) nh ngha mt bn nh l mt sn phm biu din ha ca
mi trng ca chng ta. Cc bn c s dng trc quan ha d liu a l khng
gian, nhng th m lin quan n a im hoc cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng trn mt
t (M. J. Kraak & Ormeling, 2009). Chng c s dng t hng nghn nm v c
chng minh rng rt hu ch cho cuc sng con ngi. C th ni, ngy nay con ngi kh
c th sng mt cch thoi mi nu khng c bn . Mt ngi cn n bn thm
d v di chuyn trong lnh th ngi ang sinh sng, tham kho cc a danh khc trn
nc khc hay thm ch trn hnh tinh khc. Bn c th s dng cho nhiu mc ch nh
hng ngy nh tm mt ch ngh ngi hoc n ung.

Trong nhng th k trc, ch c nhng nh nghin cu v bn hc hoc nhng c

quan chnh thng v bn mi c th lm ra mt bn theo ng quy tc. Nhng sang
n th k 21, mi ngi u c th to ra cc bn mt cch d dng. Ngy nay, vi s
pht trin vt bc ca cng ngh, c bit sau khi xut hin Web 2.0, con ngi tham gia
vo vic cung cp mi loi d liu (vn bn, nh, video...) ln mng. Chng ta gi loi d
liu ny l d liu do ngi dng to ra (user-generated content hay UGC). Khi UGC p
dng cho thng tin v v tr, chng ta c th s dng khi nim d liu a l do ngi dng
to ra (user-generated geo-content hay UGGC). Hin tng to ra, i khi l biu din
UGGC di dng cc lp trn cng ca cc lp c s, v nh, Google Maps,
OpenStreetMap, GeoCommons Maps v Yahoo Maps c gi l neogeography, cc sn
phm c biu din ra gi l bn neogeography (Tanmoy Das & Menno Jan Kraak,
2011).
TURNER (2006) nh ngha neogeography l new geography (a l mi), n bao
gm mt tp hp cc k thut v cc cng c nm ngoi lnh vc ca h thng tin a l
(GIS) truyn thng [6]. Neogeography kt hp cc k thut phc tp ca bn v GIS,
a chng vo tm tay ca nhng ngi s dng v nhng ngi pht trin. TURNER
(2006) ni rng: neogeography ni v con ngi s dng v to ra cc bn ca ring
h, vi nhng iu kin ring ca h v kt hp vi cc nhn t ca cc b cng c c sn.
C nhiu loi d liu neogeographic nh l d liu im, d liu ng thng, d liu vng
c to ra bi nhng ngi tnh nguyn. D liu s c lu trn my ch hoc trong cc
file trc khi chng c s dng bi ngi s dng bn m t thng qua cc bn
.
Bn neogeography c nhiu u im, khi so snh vi cc bn truyn thng chng
c th c to ra v phn b mt cch d dng v nhanh chng. V chng s dng d liu

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UGGC lm lp trn cng nn chi ph thu thp d liu v hin th chng r hn so vi
bn truyn thng. Chnh v nhng l do ny, cc bn neogeography c th c coi
l mt ngun b sung, i khi l thay th ca bn thng tin a l (Tanmoy Das & Menno
Jan Kraak, 2011).
Tuy nhin, bn neogeography c mt s nhc im cn c x l ngi s
dng bn neogeography c th tm c cc cu tr li cho cc cu hi m h t ra: ci
g, khi no, u v nh th no. Trc tin, cc bn neogeography thng khng c
tng qut ha mt cch k lng. Nhc im ny khin cho ngi s dng bn rt kh
ly c thng tin hu ch t cc bn neogeography hin ti. V d, bn hnh 1
trng rt ln xn; nn rt kh cho ngi s dng lm mt nhim v n gin ch nh
hiu c s phn b khng gian ca cc k hiu trong bn .

Hnh 1: Bn cc t bo v thc n M [URL 1]

Th hai, cc bn neogeography thng lu tr d liu dng im; v th nhiu im
nm trong cng mt khu vc c th c thng tin ging ht nhau dn ti hin tng trng
lp d liu. Vn ny s tr nn nghim trng khi lng d liu trng lp qu ln, s rt
kh x l xem u mi l thng tin chnh xc. Theo v d hnh 2, cc bc hnh c
chp cho thy v tr ca chng l v tr ca thp Effen Paris; tuy nhin tt c chng u
th hin thng tin v v tr ca vng m thp Effen bao ph. V vy, nu ngi s dng ch
cn bit thp Effen nm u th hng nghn ta im c hin th ln mt cch
khng cn thit, thm ch s lng im ln nh vy s lm tc duyt bn tr nn v
cng chm.

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 Hnh 2: Bn cc nh th hin v tr thp Effen, Paris [URL 2]
Thm vo na, mu sc, hnh dng v kch thc ca cc biu tng trong nhiu bn
neogeography c s dng mt cch khng chnh xc; iu ny lm cho ngi s dng
c th hiu sai thng tin t cc k hiu bn .
Mt vn tng i quan trng l cc bn neogeography hin ti cha c
cung cp cc cng c phn tch, x l d liu, y l cc yu cu kh c bn m chng
ta cn x l khi tng tc vi bn v d liu bn .
Trc y, c mt s nghin cu trong vic phn tch v thit k bn neogeography,
(T. Das & M.J. Kraak, 2011) c mt nghin cu s dng thit k bn cng vi phn
mm GeoCommons trong mt tp cc bn . D liu gc gm 1136 bn ghi, lu tr thng
tin ca cc bnh vin ti Pakistan. D liu gc ch lu thng tin s ging trng v tng s
ging ca tng bnh vin, d liu ny khng th cung cp thng tin v s ging b s
dng cho ngi dng bn . Tuy nhin, (T. Das & M.J. Kraak, 2011) s dng
GeoCommons tr tng s ging cho s ging cn trng a ra kt qu mong mun.
Kt qu ny cn s dng ti mt php tnh ton d liu n gin trn ngun d liu
neogeography cho trc. Ngoi ra, cc k hiu bn cng c 2 nh nghin cu ny s
dng lm cho d liu hin ra trn bn mang nhiu thng tin hu ch hn so vi d liu
gc. y l mt bng chng chng minh phn tch v thit k bn c th c p dng
ci thin bn neogeography.
Trong mt nghin cu khc, MLAY (2010) s dng 2 phng thc x l s ln xn
trong bn neogeography: k-means v DBSCAN. MLAY (2010) s dng mt s cc
bounding tools khoanh vng d liu, khi cc im nm trong 1 din tch nht nh s
c gp li thnh cc hnh khc nhau: hnh ch nht, tam gic, hnh trn v hnh a gic.
Hnh 3 hin th 3 bn , bn tri l bn gc rt ln xn, gn nh khng th xc nh
c thng tin cn quan tm. gia l bn hin th kt qu s dng Circle tool (bouding
box hnh trn) cng vi cc im gc. Bn phi l bn hin th kt qu.

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 Hnh 3: Cc bn neogeography vi 4 chuyn Khch sn (tm), nh hng (vng),
rng cy (xanh l cy) v trng hc (xanh dng); ngun (MLAY, 2010)

Tuy nhin, phng php x l ca nghin cu ny cn c pht trin thm, bi cc

thng tin tuy bt ln xn nhng li rt thiu cc thng tin hu ch v nh ngi dng
khng th tr li c cu hi c bao nhiu trng hc trong v tr ca 1 vng trn?.
Cc vng trn tuy lm gim bt c ln xn nhng chnh chng li nm ln nhau,
t gy ra ln xn gia cc kt qu thu c. gii quyt vn ny, chng ta cn a
ra gii php khc khc phc.

Trong lun vn thc s ca ti, c thc hin ti trng i hc TWENTE, H Lan,

vi tiu : Chng trnh th nghim cho vic khai thc d liu neogeographic dng im
vi cc cng c bn trc quan trc quan, thc hin c mt s gii php. Trong
lun vn , ti s dng mt s th vin trc quan trn nn web nh SIMILE AJAX,
Google Maps API, Timeline.js v Google Chart API hin th d liu dng im, a ra
cc thng k. ng thi ti cng xy dng thnh cng nhiu hm dng tng tc vi
d liu nh xem bn , phng to, thu nh, xem chi tit, kt ni thuc tnh thi gian vi cc
d liu hin th d liu trong khong thi gian nht nh, s dng cc bin gii cc vng
gim ln xn trong bn neogeography, s dng li fishnet tng chnh xc
trong vic xc nh v tr m d liu c ngi dng gi i, s dng thut ton progressive,
tng ng k tc hin th d liu so vi bn gc Ngoi ra, ti cn xy dng c
chc nng qun l, v vy sn phm c mt s nghin cu sinh ang theo hc ti
trng nh gi cao v kh nng c th pht trin tip trong tng lai cho d liu khc. Tuy
nhin lun vn vn cn tn ti nhiu hn ch nh cha thc s cho php ngi s dng c
th ty chnh cc la chn thit k bn , cha cho php ngi s dng c phn tch,
nh gi d liu v do thi gian cn hn ch nn nhiu tng pht trin sn phm cho
lun vn cha c thc thi.

V vy, lun n tin s vi tiu k trn s gii quyt cc vn cn tn ti, pht trin
tip cc tng ra l nghin cu cn thit v c ngha khoa hc, thc tin, c th
p dng trong nhiu trng hp ti Vit Nam.

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2. Mc ch nghin cu ca lun n

Mc ch u tin ca lun n l gp phn pht trin ng dng ca cng ngh mi trong

lnh vc cng ngh thng tin, ha nhp trnh cng ngh ca Vit Nam vi th gii.
Mc ch th hai l gp phn to ra mt chng trnh trn nn web cho php ngi
dng hin th v phn tch d liu neogeography, ng thi cung cp cng c phn tch,
thng k d liu gp phn to ra mt ngun d liu mi c nhiu thng tin quan trng hn
so vi d liu ban u.
Mc ch th ba l gp phn xy dng mt chng trnh c th p dng gii quyt
mt s thc trng Vit Nam. V d, chng trnh ny c th s dng xy dng bn
cnh bo trt t an ton giao thng, m chnh nhng ngi ang tham gia giao thng l
nhng ngi cung cp d liu xy dng bn .
Mc ch th t l nghin cu cc phng php thu thp d liu, bao gm d liu t
cc tin nhn, email, cuc gi in, t nhng bc nh chp, hay thm ch ch t IP ca mt
my tnh gi thng tin Cc phng php thu thp d liu ny rt c ch cho vic xy
dng mt b d liu neogeography s, c ch cho nhiu cng vic khc.

3. i tng nghin cu ca lun n

i tng nghin cu ca lun n l: cc l thuyt lin quan n vic thit k v phn
tch d liu khng gian- thi gian, cc ngn ng lp trnh ph hp, cc h qun tr c s d
liu, cc phng php khai ph d liu v cc phng php phn tch, thit k bn .

4. Ni dung v phng php nghin cu

a. Ni dung nghin cu
- Nghin cu v cc l thuyt thit k bn .
- Nghin cu cc l thuyt v x l s liu bn trc a.
- Nghin cu v cc phng php hin th d liu trn bn trc tuyn.
- Nghin cu v cc thut ton biu din d liu, ti u ha d liu bn .
- Nghin cu cc ngn ng lp trnh v cc th vin h tr vic hin th v phn tch
d liu
b. Phng php nghin cu
- Phng php nghin cu xy dng c s khoa hc: Nghin cu cc ti liu khoa hc
trong nc cng nh trn th gii lin quan n vic thit k v phn tch d liu bn ;
Nghin cu cng ngh bn trc tuyn; Nghin cu mt s ngn ng lp trnh cng nh
cc th vin h tr vic hin th v phn tch d liu trn internet; La chn v xy dng
c s khoa hc ca cc phng php k trn.
- Phng php thc nghim: Tin hnh cc thc nghim, trin khai ng dng trn
internet, kim nh thc t v nh gi kt qu nghin cu bng cc phng php nghin
cu kim tra cht lng sn phm (Use, user and usability science).

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5. D kin kt qu nghin cu
- Phng php thit k v phn tch d liu neogeography trn nn web.
- Sn phm mu cho php ti u ha hin th d liu neogeography trn bn trc
tuyn, ng thi cho php phn tch, tng hp v tnh ton s liu bn ca d liu
neogeography trong c s d liu.

6. D kin cc im mi ca ti
- C s khoa hc v phng php ti u ha vic biu din v phn tch d liu
neogeography.
- xut ng dng trong phn tch d liu giao thng, s dng neogeography cho
qun l, cnh bo trt t an ton giao thng ti Vit Nam.

7. D kin ni hc nghin cu sinh

- Trng i hc: Hongkong Polytechnic University (PolyU)

Ti liu tham kho

Das, T., & Kraak, M. J. (2011). Does Neogeography need designed maps? Paper
presented at the 25th International Cartographic Conference.
Das, T., & Kraak, M. J. (2011). Geovisualization in Neogeography? Paper presented at
the Linking Geovisualization with Spatial Analysis and Modeling.
MLAY, J. (2010). Map design in a neogeography environment. University of Twente
Faculty of Geo-Information and Earth Observation ITC, Enschede.
Kraak, M. J., & Ormeling, F. (2009). Cartography: visualization of geospatial data.
GB: Pearson Education.
Turner, A. J. (2006). Introduction to Neogeography.
Available from http://brainoff.com/iac2009/IntroductionToNeogeography.pdf

URLs
1. Map of newspaper food columns in the United States; Available from:
http://www.allmyfeatures.com/amf/foodmap/googlefoodmap.htm
2. Google MAP API. 2009; Available from: http://code.google.com/apis/maps/
3. SIMILE; Available from: http://code.google.com/p/simile-widgets/
4. TIMEMAP; Available from: http://code.google.com/p/timemap/
5. GeoCommons API; Available from: http://geocommons.com/help/Javascript_API/

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