2ArtAp7_Major Topic 7: MUSIC

0. MUSIC art of combining tones in such a way that it is pleasing, expressive

& intelligible; art of making a combination of sounds into a composition having
unity and continuity

1. Music Media

1.1. Vocal refers to the human voice

1.1.1. Soprano high register female voice
1.1.2. Mezzo soprano medium register female voice
1.1.3. Alto (or contralto) low register female voice
1.1.4. Tenor high register male voice
1.1.5. Baritone medium register male voice
1.1.6. Bass low register male voice
1.2. Instrumental refers to the musical instruments played by the musicians
1.2.1. The Strings: violin, viola, violacello (cello), double bass, harp, lyre,
guitar
1.2.2. Brass: French horn, trumpet, trombone, tuba
1.2.3. Woodwinds: Piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, clarinet, bassoon,
saxophone
1.2.4. Percussions: Cymbals, tambourine, xylophone, drums
1.3. The Ensemble Medium produced when two or more performers equally
sing or play a piece of music
1.3.1. Orchestra composed of any group of instrumental performers and is
usually under the direction of a conductor
1.3.2. Symphony Orchestra large ensemble utilizing all the types of principal
instruments
1.3.3. Concerto One sole instrument is given a dominant role
1.3.4. Band large instrumental ensemble but is exclusively composed of wind
& percussion instruments
1.3.5. Randall most popular instrumental group in the Philippines
1.3.6. Chamber Orchestra Small instrumental ensemble; with only few
performers for a certain musical part
2. Elements of Music

2.1. Melody (fr. Greek melos = song) tuneful arrangement of single notes in
succession; any sweet sound; different arrangements of tones and intervals
which produce a pleasant sound; creates tension and release of sound which
affects human emotion; series of consecutive tones forming a line of
significance and expressive value
2.2 Rhythm time element produced by accent and duration of musical sounds;
accent a stress or emphasis on a note
2.3. Dynamics refers to the force or percussive effects; degree of loudness and
softness of a sound or note; written or printed musical notation used to indicate
loudness (P = piano soft); f = forte (loud/strong); mp = mezzo piano
(moderately-quiet); mf = mezzo-forte (moderately loud); ff = fortissimo (very
loud); pp = pianissimo (very quiet); ppp = pianissimo possibile (e.g.,
Tchaikovskys 1812 Overture)
2.4. Harmony simultaneous sounding of two or more tones
2.5. Tempo rate of speed of a single composition or section
2.6. Texture refers to the number of tones one is expected to apprehend
simultaneously (a. Monophonic one melody without accompaniment; b.
Polyphonic two or more melodies; c. Homophonic the result when one
melody is supported with harmonies)
2.7. Color result of the difference in timbre/ quality in a variety of voices and
instruments
2.8. Style refers to the singer or composers peculiar way of rendering music