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Sbu 678
Sbu 678
2. Find the highest possible velocity which could result form the
expansion of air at a standard temperature of 15C
11. (a) Represent Isentropic and adiabatic flow through diffuser and
nozzle on T-S diagram and label different states between the
initial and final states. (3)
15. A Circular duct passes 8.25 Kg/s of air at an exit mach number of
0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
respectively and the coefficient of friction 0.005. If the Mach
number at the entry is 0.35, determine:
19. (a) Draw neat sketches and explain the general working of solid
propellant rocket engine. State any tow advantages &
disadvantages of solid propellant rockets. (8)
8. What are the main components of a gas turbine engine used for
Turbo-jet aircrafts?
13. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section Mach number of 2.0
Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir at 0.69 bar and 325 K.
The cross sectional area of the throat is 1000cm2. Determine the
following quantities for the tunnel for one dimensional isentropic
flow
(a) Pressure, Temperature and velocities at the throat and test
section.
(b) Area of the cross section of the test section
(c) Mass flow rate.
(d) Power required to drive the compressor.
(or)
14. Describe the behavior of flow with a suitable sketch in a
convergent-divergent when it is operating at
(a) Design pressure ratio.
(b) Pressure ratio higher than the design value
(c) Pressure ratio low than the design value
15. A long pipe of 25.4 mm diameter has a mean coefficient of friction
of 0.002. Air enters the pipe at a Mach number of 2.5, Stagnation
temperature 310 K and Static pressure 0.507 bar. Determine for
a section at which the Mach number reaches 1.2
(a) Static pressure and temperature
(b) Stagnation pressure and temperature
(c) Velocity of air
(d) Distance of this section from the inlet.
(or)
16. The conditions of a gas in a combustor at entry are P1 = 0.343 bar,
T1 = 350 K, C1 = 60 m/s. Determine the Mach number, pressure,
temperature and velocity at the exit if the increase in Stagnation
enthalpy of the gas between entry and exit is 1172.5 kj/kg. Take
Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg, = 1.4.
(or)
18. Starting from the energy equation for the flow through a normal
shock obtain the following relations.
CxCy = a *2
MxMy = 1
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
6. Draw the Rayleigh curve on h-s coordinates and mark the salient
points.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
11. Air at pressure 3 x 105 N/m2 and temperature 500K flows with
velocity 200m/s in a 30 cm diameter Calculate (a) mass flow rate
(b) stagnation temperature (c) mach number (d) stagnation
pressure values assuming the flow as compressible and
incompressible respectively.
(or)
12. (a) Deduce the expression for velocity of sound in terms of fluid
properties.
(b) Write a note on various regions of flow.
19. (a) Discuss the different methods to augment the thrust of jet
engines.
(b) Explain the principle of operation of a pulse jet engine.
(or)
20. (a) The effective jet velocity of a rocket is 2500 m/s, the flight
speed is 1100 m/s and the propellant consumption is 70 kg/s.
Calculate thrust, thrust power and propulsive efficiency.
(b) Bring out the differences between jet engine and rocket
engines.
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
Course & Branch: B.E-MECH-P-MECH
Title of the Paper: Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion Max. Marks: 80
Sub. Code: 415506-615PT303-615503 Time: 3 Hours
Date: 20/11/2010 Session: FN
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. (a) Explain with the help of basic equations how the fanno line
can be constructed on the H-S diagram.
(b) Air enters a constant area duct with a mach number of 0.4.
the length of the duct is 260mm and the diameter is 8cm.
The coefficient is 0.008. The inlet stagnation conditions are
3.5 bar and 37C. Determine the stagnation pressure loss,
change in temperature and change in entropy.
(or)
16. (a) Is it possible for the temperature of a gas increase while it
rejects heat? Give reasons.
(b) The stagnation temperature of air in a combustion chamber
is increased to 3.5 times its initial valves. If the air at entry is
at 5 bar, 105C and a mach number 0.25. Determine the
mach number, pressure and temperature at the exit,
stagnation pressure loss and the heat supplied per kg of air.
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
15. What is isothermal flow in constant area duct with friction and
explain the difference between isothermal flow and fanno flow.
(or)
16. Air having Mach number of 5 is decelerated in a 7.5 cm internal
diameter pipe to Mach number 3. Compute the length of pipe
which will cause the deceleration if f=0.055 and = 1.4.
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. Derive an expression for the acoustic velocity of a compressible
fluid flow in terms of its Temperature?
(or)
12. An aircraft flies at 800km/hr at an altitude of 10,000 meters
(T=223 K, P=0.264 bar). The air is reversibly compressed in an inlet
diffuser. If the mach number at the exit of the diffuser is 0.36
determine
(a) Entry Mach number.
(b) Velocity at diffuser exit.
(c) Pressure of air diffuser exit.
(d) Temperature of air diffuser exit.
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
4. Sketch the Rayleigh line on the T-s plane and explain the
significance of it.
6. Explain how the pitot tube could be used to measure the Mach
number in supersonic flow.
10. Sketch the isentropic and actual expansion through a nozzle and
give the expression for nozzle efficiency.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. Derive the energy equation.
2
a 2 C 2 C max a02 a *2 r 1
r 1 2 2 r 1 2 r 1
(or)
12. An air jet at 400 K has sonic velocity, Determine (a) Velocity of
sound at 400 K, (b) Velocity of sound at stagnation condition (c)
maximum velocity of jet (d) stagnation enthalphy and (e) crocco
number.
13. Derive an expression for mass flow rate through varying cross
sectional passage for isentropic flow interms of pressure ratio.
(or)
14. A supersonic wind tunnel is designed for M = 2 with a throat
section 890 cm2. The air at 1.2 bar and 25C is supplied with
negligible velocity. Find the mass flow rate, the area of test
section and the fluid property at the throat and test section.
15. Adiabatic flow of air takes place in a constant area duct. Because
of friction, the Mach number increases from 0.3 to 0.7. The initial
temperature of air is 400 K and the pressure is 20 bar. Determine
(a) the final pressure (b) the final temperature (c) the ratio of
density and (d) mass flow per unit cross section.
(or)
16. (a) What are the effects of heat addition and removal from a gas
during Rayleigh flow?
(b) Prove that in a Rayleigh line at maximum entropy point Mach
number is unity.
19. (a) With T S diagram, explain the working of a turbo jet system.
(b) Give the differences with merits and demerits of turbo prop
and turbo jet engine.
(or)
20. (a) Write briefly on rocket engine performance.
(b) What are the properties of liquid propellants?
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
4. What is the equation for mass flow rate in terms of area ratio?
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
10. What are the types of rocket engines (name any two)?
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
2. Find the highest possible velocity which could result form the
expansion of air at a standard temperature of 15C
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
11. (a) Represent Isentropic and adiabatic flow through diffuser and
nozzle on T-S diagram and label different states between the
initial and final states. (3)
13. Following quantities are given at the entry and exit of a passage:
Entry: P1 = 2.07 bar, T1 = 300K, M1 = 1.4
Exit: M2 = 2.5
Assuming isentropic flow of an ideal gas
( = 1.4, R = 287J/KgK). Determine
(a) Velocity of sound at stagnation conditions,
(b) Maximum velocity
(c) Mach number M1* and M2*
(d) Temperature and pressure at exit
(e) Crocco number
(f) Maximum flow rate
(or)
14. A supersonic nozzle expands air flow p0 = 25 bar and T0 = 1050K
to an exit pressure of 4.35 bar; the exit area of the nozzle is 100
cm2. Determine
(a) Throat area;
(b) Pressure and temperature at the throat;
(c) Temperature at exit
(d) Exit velocity as fraction of the maximum attainable velocity,
(e) Maximum mass flow rate
(f) Entry and Exit mach numbers.
15. A Circular duct passes 8.25 Kg/s of air at an exit mach number of
0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
respectively and the coefficient of friction 0.005. If the Mach
number at the entry is 0.35, determine:
17. (a) Starting from the energy equation for flow through a normal
shock obtain the following relation: Cx Cy = a*2 Mx* My* = 1
(10)
(b) Write down the four basic equations which satisfy the state
points before and after a normal shock wave.
(2)
(or)
18. (a) Derive the Rankine-Hugoniot relation for a normal shock wave.
(9)
19. (a) Draw neat sketches and explain the general working of solid
propellant rocket engine. State any tow advantages &
disadvantages of solid propellant rockets. (8)
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
10. What are the main components of a gas turbine engine used for
Turbo-jet aircrafts? Show the various process occurring in the
engine on a T-s diagram.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
11. The pressure, temperature and Mach number at the entry of a
flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5C and 1.4 respectively. If the exit
Mach number is 2.5, determine for adiabatic flow of a perfect gas
( = 1.3, R = 0.467kJ/kg K)
(a) Stagnation temperature
(b) The temperature and velocity of gas at exit
(c) The flow ratio per square meter of the inlet cross
section.
(or)
12. (a) Derive the energy equation Stating the assumptions used/
(b) An air ( = 1.4, R = 287kJ/kg K) at 400K has sonic velocity.
Determine
(i) velocity of sound at 400K
(ii) maximum velocity of the jet
(iii) Stagnation enthalpy
13. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section Mach number of 2.0.
Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir at 0.69 bar and 325K.
The cross sectional area of the throat is 1000cm2. Determine the
following quantities for the tunnel for one dimensional isentropic
flow.
(a) Pressure, temperature and velocities at the throat and
test section.
(b) Area of the cross section of the test section
(c) Mass flow rate
(d) Power required to drive the compressor
(or)
14. Describe the behavior of flow with a suitable sketch in a
convergent-divergent nozzle when it is operating at
(a) Design pressure ratio
(b) Pressure ratio higher than the design value
(c) Pressure ratio low than the design value
15. An aircraft flies at a Mach number of 1.2 at an altitude of 16000
meters (P = 1.03 bar, T = 216.65K). The compression in its engine
is partly achieved by a normal shock wave standing at the entry
of its diffuser. Determine immediately downstream of the shock.
(a) Mach number
(b) Temperature of the air
(c) Pressure of the air
(d) Stagnation pressure loss across the shock
(or)
16. Starting from the energy equation for the flow through a normal
shock obtain the following relations
CxCy = a*2
M*xM*y = 1
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. Air (= 1.4 , R = 287.43J/kgK) enters a straight axis- symmetric
duct at 300K, 3.45 bar and 150 m/s and leaves it at 277K,2.058bar
and 260 m/s. The area of cross section at the entry is 500
cm2.Assuming adiabatic flow determine: (a) stagnation
temperature, (b) maximum velocity, (c) mass flow rate, and (d)
area of cross section at exit.
(or)
12. a) What is the effect of mach number on the compressibility?
Prove for =1.4, (P0-P)/ (0.5 c2 )=1+M2/ 4+M4/40+
13. Following quantities are given at the entry and exit of a passage:
Entry: P1=2.07 bar, T1=300K, M1=1.4 and Exit: M 2=2.5,
Assuming isentropic flow of an ideal gas (=1.4, R=287 J/KgK).
Determine : (a) Velocity of sound at stagnation conditions, (b)
Maximum velocity, (c) Mach number M1* and M2* , (d)
Temperature and pressure at exit and (e) Maximum flow
rate.(2+2+3+3+2)
(or)
14. A conical diffuser has entry and exit diameters of 15 cm and 30
cm respectively. The pressure, temperature and velocity of air at
entry are 0.69 bar, 340K and 180 m/s respectively. Assuming
isentropic flow (= 1.4, Cp = 1000 J/kgK), determine: (a) the exit
pressure (b) exit velocity and (c)the force exerted on the diffuser
walls .
15. A circular duct passes 8.25 kg/s of air at an exit Mach number of
0.5.The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
respectively and the coefficient of friction 0.005.If the Mach
number at entry is 0.15, determine: (a) diameter and length of the
duct, (b) pressure and temperature at the exit, (c) stagnation
pressure loss and exit velocity of air.
(or)
16. The Mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber is 0.9.The
ratio of stagnation temperatures at the exit and entry is 3.74.If
the pressure and temperature of the gas at exit are 2.5 bar and
1000C respectively, determine (a) Mach number, pressure and
temperature of gas at entry, (b) the heat supplied per kg of the
gas and (c) the maximum heat that can be supplied.
(6+3+3)
17. Starting from the energy equation, for flows through a normal
shock , obtain the following relation: (C x )(Cy )= a*2 and (M
* *
x )( M y ) =1
(or)
18. Derive the Rankine- Hugoniot relation for a normal shock wave.
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
11. An air craft flies at 800 kmph, at an altitude of 10,000 meters (T=
223.15K, p = 0.264 bar). The air is reversibly compressed in an
inlet diffuser. If the Mach number at the exit of the diffuser is
0.36, determine (a) entry Mach number and (b) velocity, pressure
and temperature of air at the diffuser exit.
(or)
12. Derive Bernoullis equation for isentropic incompressible flows.
13. Air flowing at the rate of 1.15 kg/sec with an approach velocity of
80m/sec, is expanded in a convergent divergent nozzle. The static
properties of air at inlet are 412 kPa and 160C. The static
pressure at exit is 103 kPa. Calculate the required throat and exit
area for isentropic flow.
(or)
14. Derive an equation for non-dimensional mass flow rate in terms
of pressure ratio.
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
Course & Branch: B.E Mechanical(Part Time)
Title of the paper: Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion
Semester: III Max.Marks: 80
Sub.Code: 615PT303(2006-2007-2008) Time: 3 Hours
Date: 08-05-2009 Session: FN
p0 p 1 M 2
M4
.....
0 .5 c
2
4 40 (8)
13. Following quantities are given at the entry and exit of a passage:
Entry: P1 = 2.07 bar, T1 = 300K, M1 = 1.4
Exit: M2 = 2.5
Assuming isentropic flow of an ideal gas
( = 1.4, R = 287J/KgK). Determine
(g) Velocity of sound at stagnation conditions,
(h) Maximum velocity
(i) Mach number M1* and M2*
(j) Temperature and pressure at exit
(k) Crocco number
(l) Maximum flow rate
(or)
14. A supersonic nozzle expands air flow p0 = 25 bar and T0 = 1050K
to an exit pressure of 4.35 bar; the exit area of the nozzle is 100
cm2. Determine
(a) Throat area;
(b) Pressure and temperature at the throat;
(c) Temperature at exit
(d) Exit velocity as fraction of the maximum attainable velocity,
(e) Maximum mass flow rate
(f) Entry and Exit mach numbers.
17. (a) Starting from the energy equation for flow through a normal
shock obtain the following relation: Cx Cy = a*2 Mx* My* = 1
(10)
(b) Write down the four basic equations which satisfy the state
points before and after a normal shock wave.
(2)
(or)
18. (a) Derive the Rankine-Hugoniot relation for a normal shock wave.
(9)
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
3. What are the types of nozzles used for sonic and supersonic flow?
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
2. Find the highest possible velocity which could result form the
expansion of air at a standard temperature of 15C
11. (a) Represent Isentropic and adiabatic flow through diffuser and
nozzle on T-S diagram and label different states between the
initial and final states. (3)
13. Following quantities are given at the entry and exit of a passage:
Entry: P1 = 2.07 bar, T1 = 300K, M1 = 1.4
Exit: M2 = 2.5
Assuming isentropic flow of an ideal gas
( = 1.4, R = 287J/KgK). Determine
(m) Velocity of sound at stagnation conditions,
(n) Maximum velocity
(o) Mach number M1* and M2*
(p) Temperature and pressure at exit
(q) Crocco number
(r) Maximum flow rate
(or)
14. A supersonic nozzle expands air flow p0 = 25 bar and T0 = 1050K
to an exit pressure of 4.35 bar; the exit area of the nozzle is 100
cm2. Determine
(a) Throat area;
(b) Pressure and temperature at the throat;
(c) Temperature at exit
(d) Exit velocity as fraction of the maximum attainable velocity,
(e) Maximum mass flow rate
(f) Entry and Exit mach numbers.
15. A Circular duct passes 8.25 Kg/s of air at an exit mach number of
0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
respectively and the coefficient of friction 0.005. If the Mach
number at the entry is 0.35, determine:
17. (a) Starting from the energy equation for flow through a normal
shock obtain the following relation: Cx Cy = a*2 Mx* My* = 1
(10)
(b) Write down the four basic equations which satisfy the state
points before and after a normal shock wave.
(2)
(or)
18. (a) Derive the Rankine-Hugoniot relation for a normal shock wave.
(9)
19. (a) Draw neat sketches and explain the general working of solid
propellant rocket engine. State any tow advantages &
disadvantages of solid propellant rockets. (8)
(b) What is thrust augmentation? Why after burners are used in a
turbo jet? (4)
(or)
20. Explain the working of an pulse jet engine with an neat sketch.
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
11. Air (Cp = 1.05 KJ/kgK, r = 1.38) at P1 = 3 x 103N/m2 and T1 = 500 k
flows with a velocity of 200 m/sec in a 30 cm diameter duct.
Calculate
(a) mass flow rate
(b) stagnation temperature
(c) Mach number and
(d) stagnation pressure.
Assuming the flow as compressible and incompressible.
(or)
12. Derive the energy equation
a2 1 2 1 2 a 02
c c max h0
r 1 2 2 r 1
Sating the assumptions used
15. A circular duct passes 8.25 kg/sec of air at an exit Mach number
of 0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
respectively and the coefficient of friction 0.005. If the Mach
number at entry is 0.15 determine
(a) The diameter of the duct
(b) length of the duct
(c) pressure and temperature at exit
(d) stagnation pressure loss.
(or)
16. The condition of a gas in a combustor at entry area P1 = 0.343 bar,
T1 = 310K, C1 = 60m/sec. Determine the Mach number, pressure,
temperature and velocity at exit if the increase in stagnation
enthalpy of gas between entry and exit is 1172.5 kJ/kg. Take CP =
1.005 kJ/kgK, r = 1.4
19. With neat sketch explain the working of a turbojet aircraft show
the various process occurring in a T-S diagram.
(or)
20. Explain briefly the following
(a) Nuclear rocket
(b) Cigarette burning
(c) ICBM and IRBM
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
5. Sketch the fanno line on the T-S plane. Explain the significance
on it.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. Air (Cp = 1005 J/KgK, = 1.4) at P1 = 5 bar, T1 = 400K flows with a
velocity of 200 m/s in a 30 cm diameter duct, calculate:
(a) Mass flow rate, (2)
(b) stagnation temperature, (2)
(c) Mach number, (2)
(d) stagnation pressure values assuming the flow as compressible
and incompressible respectively. (4)
(e) crocco number. (2)
(or)
12. (a) What is the difference between the Bernoullis equation and
the steady flow energy equation? (2)
13. (a) Starting from the continuity equation derive the expression for
the area variation in terms of mach number and velocity variation
and hence obtain the shape (geometry) for both subsonic and
supersonic nozzles and diffusers. (4)
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. The jet of gas at 593K( = 1.3, R = 469 J/kgK) has a mach number
of 1.2. Determine for local and stagnation conditions of velocity
of sound and enthalpy. What is the maximum velocity of this jet.
(or)
12. Explain in detail about the effect of Mach number on
compressibility.
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. The pressure temperature and Mach number at the entry of a
flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5C and 1.4 respectively. If the exit
Mach number is 2.5 determine for adiabatic flow of a perfect gas
(=1.3, R=0.469 kJ/kgK)
(i) stagnation temperature
(ii) temperature and velocity of gas at exit
(iii) the flow rate per square meter of the inlet cross section
(or)
12. Starting from the Bernouli's equation, derive an expression for
the effect of Mach number on compressibility.
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
5. Show the normal shock in h-s diagram with the help of Raleigh
line and Fanno line.
9. What are the main components of a gas turbine engine used for
Turbo-jet aircrafts?
10. Define: thrust power and propulsive power for jet engines.
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. A diffuser has an area ratio of 1.5 to 1. The inlet mach number is
0.8. The initial pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 15C.
Assuming the flow to be isentropic, calculate the final pressure,
exit temperature and exit mach number.
(or)
12. Air (Cp = 1005 J/KgK, = 1.4) at P1 = 5 bar, T1 = 400K flows with a
velocity of 200 m/s in a 30 cm diameter duct, calculate: (a) Mass
flow rate, (b) stagnation temperature, (c) Mach number, (d)
stagnation pressure values assuming the flow as compressible
and incompressible respectively. (e) crocco number.
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
5. Show the normal shock in h-s diagram with the help of Raleigh
line and Fanno line.
9. What are the main components of a gas turbine engine used for
Turbo-jet aircrafts?
10. Define: thrust power and propulsive power for jet engines.
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. A diffuser has an area ratio of 1.5 to 1. The inlet mach number is
0.8. The initial pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 15C.
Assuming the flow to be isentropic, calculate the final pressure,
exit temperature and exit mach number.
(or)
12. Air (Cp = 1005 J/KgK, = 1.4) at P1 = 5 bar, T1 = 400K flows with a
velocity of 200 m/s in a 30 cm diameter duct, calculate: (a) Mass
flow rate, (b) stagnation temperature, (c) Mach number, (d)
stagnation pressure values assuming the flow as compressible
and incompressible respectively. (e) crocco number.
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
13. Following quantities are given at the entry and exit of a passage
Entry: P1 = 2.07 bar, T1 = 300k, M1 = 1.4
Exit: M2 = 2.5
Assuming isentropic flow of an ideal gas (r = 1.3, R = 0.52
kJ/kgK). Determine
(a) velocity of sound (a0) at stagnation conditions
(b) The maximum velocity (Cmax)
(c) The mach number M1* and M2*
(d) temperature and pressure at exit.
(or)
14. Describe the behavior of flow in a convergent divergent nozzle
when it is operated at
(a) design pressure ratio
(b) pressure ratio higher than the design value
(c) pressure ratio lower than the design value.
15. A circular duct passes 8.25 kg/sec of air at an exit Mach number
of 0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
respectively and the coefficient of friction 0.005. If the Mach
number at entry is 0.15 determine
(a) The diameter of the duct
(b) length of the duct
(c) pressure and temperature at exit
(d) stagnation pressure loss.
(or)
16. The condition of a gas in a combustor at entry area P1 = 0.343 bar,
T1 = 310K, C1 = 60m/sec. Determine the Mach number, pressure,
temperature and velocity at exit if the increase in stagnation
enthalpy of gas between entry and exit is 1172.5 kJ/kg. Take CP =
1.005 kJ/kgK, r = 1.4
17. A jet of air at 275 k and 0.69 bar has an initial Mach number of
2.0. If it passes through a normal shock wave determine
(a) Mach number
(b) pressure
(c) temperature
(d) density
(e) speed of sound and
(f) jet velocity downstream of shock.
(or)
18. Starting form energy equation for flow through a normal shock
obtain the following relations
Cx * Cy = a*2
Mx . M*y = 1
19. With neat sketch explain the working of a turbojet aircraft show
the various process occurring in a T-S diagram.
(or)
20. Explain briefly the following
(a) Nuclear rocket
(b) Cigarette burning
(c) ICBM and IRBM
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
13. Air flowing in a duct has a velocity of 300 m/s ,pressure 1.0 bar
and temperature 290 k. Taking =1.4 and R =287J/Kg K
determine:
(a) Stagnation pressure and temperature
(b) Velocity of sound in the dynamic and stagnation conditions
(c) Stagnation pressure assuming constant density.
(or)
14. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section Mach number of
2.0 .Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir at 0.69 bar and
310 k .The cross sectional area of the throat is
1000cm.Determine the following quantities for the tunnel for
one dimensional isentropic flow.
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
13. Air flowing in a duct has a velocity of 300 m/s, pressure 1.0 bar
and temperature 290 k. Taking r = 1.4 and R = 287J/Kg K,
determine:
(a) Stagnation pressure and temperature,
(b) Velocity of sound in the dynamic and stagnation conditions,
and (c) Stagnation pressure assuming constant density.
(or)
14. A reservoir whose temperature can be varied in a wide range of
temperature receives air at a constant pressure of 1.5 bar. The air
is expanded isentropically in a nozzle to an exit pressure of 1.015
bar. Determine (without using Gas tables) the values of the
temperature to be maintained in the reservoir to produce the
following velocities at the nozzle exit: (a) 10 m/s and
(b) 250 m/s. What are the values of Mach numbers in the two
cases?
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
2. Define compressibility.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer All the Questions
(or)
12. (a) The jet of a gas at 593 K ( = 1.3, R = 469 J/kg K) has a Mach
number of 1.2. Determine for local and stagnation conditions
velocity of sound and enthalpy. What is the maximum attainable
velocity of this jet?
(b) The conditions of an air stream at entry to a duct are 1 bar,
300 K and M = 1.3. If the Mach number at exit of the duct is 0.6,
determine for adiabatic flow the temperature and velocity of air
at the duct exit.
13. (a) Air is discharged from a reservoir at p0 = 6.91 bar and T0 = 3250
C through a nozzle to an exit pressure of 0.98 bar. If the flow rate
is 3600 kg/h, Using the equations given in the table, determine
for isentropic flow:
(i) throat area, pressure and velocity;
(ii) exit area, Mach number and (iii) Maximum velocity.
(b) A conical diffuser has entry and exit diameters of 15 cm and
30 cm respectively. The pressure, temperature and velocity of air
at entry are 0.69 bar, 340 K and 180 m/s respectively. Determine:
(i) the exit pressure and (ii) exit velocity.
(or)
14. (a) Considering the variation of velocity with area, prove that for
an isentropic flow, dA dV (M 1)
2
A V
19. (a) Give the reason why propeller engines are not in common use
in present day aircraft engines?
(b) Compare the turbojet engine and ramjet engine.
(or)
20. (a) Briefly bring out the operating principle of a pulse jet engine.
(b) Derive an expression for propulsive efficiency of turbojet
engine neglecting the effect of fuel.
Register Number
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
13. Air flowing at the rate of 1.15 kg/s with an approach velocity of
80 m/s is expanded in a convergent divergent nozzle. The static
properties of air at inlet are 412 kPa and 160o C. The static
pressure at exit is 103 kPa. Calculate the required throat and exit
area for isentropic flow. If the isentropic efficiency of the nozzle
is 0.85 and the loss occurs only in the divergent section, find the
loss in total pressure head.
(or)
14. Derive the relation dA/A = dP/c2 (1-M2) for one dimensional
isentropic flow.
17. Derive the Rankine Hugoniot expression for density ratios of air
across the normal shock wave.
(or)
18. A convergent divergent nozzle has an exit area to throat area ratio
of 2. Air enters the nozzle with a stagnation pressure of 6.5 bar
and a stagnation temperature of 93o C. The throat area is 6.25
cm2. If there is a normal shock wave standing at a point where
M=1.5, determine pressure, temperature on either side of the
plane of shock and the Mach number on the downstream side of
the plane. Find also the exit Mach number of nozzle.
SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. An air jet at 300K has sonic velocity. Determine the following: (1)
Velocity of sound at 300K (2) Velocity of sound at stagnation
conditions (3) Maximum Velocity of the jet (4) Stagnation
Enthalpy (5) Croco number.
(or)
12. A gas flows in a duct of 40cm diameter at inlet pressure of 3 bar,
temperature of 450K and a velocity of 180m/s. Calculate at
inlet(1)Mass flow rate (2)Stagnation temperature(3)Mach
number(4)stagnation pressure for compressible and
incompressible flows. Take Take =1.3 and Cp=1.05kJ/kg.K
(or)
18. A convergent-divergent nozzle has an exit area to throat area
ratio of 2. Air enters the nozzle with a stagnation pressure of 6.5
bar and a stagnation temperature of 930C. The throat area is
6.25sq.cm. If there is a normal shock wave standing at a point
where M=1.5, determine the pressure, temperature on either
side of the plane of shock and the mach number on the
downstream side of the plane. Find also the exit mach number of
the nozzle.
19. Explain the working principle of the following engines with neat
sketch. (1) Turbo jet engine (2) Ram jet engine.
(or)
20. Explain the construction and working principle of a solid
propellant rocket engine with neat sketch.