Lecture Diktat EL121 Engineering Mathematics I

Lecture diktat EL121 Engineering Mathematics I
Aip Saripudin Chapter 4 Function Berpeubah Lots and Derivatives - 49
CHAPTER 4
LOT AND FUNCTIONS BERPEUBAH DERIVATIVE
4.1 Function Berpeubah Lots
Many functions that depend on more than one variable. A field length x
and y has a wide breadth that depend on x and y, ie L = f (x, y) = xy. The
position of a
parabola moving particles can be expressed in the form r = f (x, y), with
x = distance
horizontal and y = height of the reference point. In this section, we will
define functions berpeubah lot, expressed his native region, and descri
Barkan graph.
Definition Function Two Variables Example D is
the set of ordered pairs of real numbers (x, y).
The function of two variables maps each pair
sequences of real numbers (x, y) in the region D to
a real number z = f (x, y) in the area of R
(Figure 4.1). The set D is called domain
(Area of origin) and the set R is called range (area
results). x and y are called independent variables, z is called
bound variables.
Origin Function Two Variables As with functions of one variable, the
origin function of two
variable f (x, y) is the set of real numbers (x, y) such that f (x, y) is
defined,
ie exclude roots of negative numbers and division by zero.
EXAMPLE 1 Determine the area of origin of 2 216), (y x y x f
, Sketcher region of origin
The on coordinate field.
Completion
22
16), (y x y x f
undefined if
0 16
22
yx
or
16
22
yx
, Thus, the area of origin is
}), (, 16 |), {(
22
RyxyxyxD
,
Furthermore,
16
22
yx
is a circle centered at
(0, 0) and radius 4 then
16
22
yx
is set
pair (x, y) which are inside the circle
16
22
yx
,
Thus, sketcher region of origin on the coordinate field is
as shown in Figure 4.2.
x
y
Figure 4.2
4 -4
4
-4
(X, y) f (x, y)
Domain Range
Figure 4.1
EXAMPLE 2 If
xy
x
y
y x f), (
, Determine (a)
) 2, 1 (f
and (b)
) 0, 0 (f
, (C) Determine
the origin of these functions.
Completion
(A)
421
1
2
) 2, 1 (f
and (b)
) 0, 0 (f
undefined because penyebutn yes zero (x = 0).
(C) The area of origin function above is
}), (, 0 |), {(R y x x y x D
f
,
Graph Function Two Variables There are two basic ways to describe the
function graph
), (Y x f
,
The first way,
), (Y x f
described as the surface area of
), (Y x f z
, Surface
space (the graph of f) is defined as the set of all points (x, y, z) in space
for every
(X, y) in the domain of f. The second way,
), (Y x f
described as the height of the curve. Curves
height is defined as the set of points (x, y) in a field where the function
), (Y x f
has a constant value
k y x f), (
,
EXAMPLE 3 Draw a graph of the function of
22
4), (y x y x f
, Draw curves
height
k y x f), (
with k = 0, 1, 2.
Completion
The intersection graph
22
4), (y x y x f z
with:
XOY field (z = 0) is
4
22
yx
, A circle centered at (0, 0) of radius 2.
xoz field (y = 0) is parabolic
2
4xz
,
yoz field (x = 0) is parabolic
2
4yz
,
The results are as shown in Figure 4.3 (a). Meanwhile, Figure 4.3 (b)
shows the height of the curve
kyxyxf
22
4), (
with k = 0, 1, 2.
Figure 4.3
x
z
y
2
4yz
2
4xz4
22
yx
k=0
k=1
k=2
x
y
(A) (b)
EXERCISES 4.1
Define and describe areas of origin following functions.
1.
2
/), (X y y x f
2.
2
), (X y y x f
3.
22
16
1
), (
yx
yxf
Draw the surface curves (graph of the function) and the height of the
curve following functions.
4.
22
16), (y x y x f
; k = 0, 1, 2, 3
5.
22
), (Y x y x f
; k = 4, 9, 16
Partial derivatives 4.2
Definitions and Partial Derivative Emblem partial derivative of
), (Y x f
with respect to x and y in
point (x
0, y
0) respectively defined as follows.
h
yxfyhxf
yxf
x
yxf
h
xx
x
), (), (
lim), (), (
0000
0
000
0
h
yxfhyxf
yxf
y
yxf
h
yY
y
), (), (
lim), (), (
0000
0
000
0
if the limit exists.
If
), (Y x f z
, Several alternative emblem following its partial derivatives.
x
yxf
x
z
yxf
x
), (
), (
and
y
yxf
y
z
yxf
y
), (
), (
,
Note:
x
f
read "do ef do ex".
EXAMPLE 1 Determine
x
f
and
x
f
at the point (2, -3) if
23
2), (y xy x y x f
,
Completion
To determine
x
f
, Treat y as a constant and lower f (x, y) with respect to x:
yx
x
yxf
23
), (
2
Value
x
f
at the point (2, -3) is
6) 3 (2) 2 (3
2
) 3, 2 (
x
f
,
To determine
y
f
, Treat x as a constant and lower f (x, y) to y:
yx
y
yxf
22
), (
10) 3 (2) 2 (2
) 3, 2 (
y
f
,
Geometric interpretation of partial derivatives of the surface of a
commonality Review
), (Y x f z
, Field
0
yY
The surface cut on the curve QPR field (Figure
4.4 (a)), and the value of
), (
00
yxf
x
is the slope (gradient) of a tangent to the curve
this field at point
)), (,, (
0000
yxfyxP
x
, Similarly, field
0
yY
cutting surface
LPM this field curve (Figure 4.4 (b)), and the value of
), (
00
yxf
y
is the slope
(Gradient) of a tangent to the curve at the point of this field
)), (,, (
0000
yxfyxP
y
,
Figure 4.4
EXAMPLE 2 Determine the gradient of the tangent to the curve of
intersection of the surface
22
3
1
4 9 36 y x z
and field
1x
at the point
) 11, 2, 1 (
3
1
,
Completion
The first partial derivative of
22
3
1
4 9 36 y x z
to y is
22
4 9 36
6
), (
yx
x
y
z
yxf
y
The gradient of the tangent to the curve of intersection of the surface
22
3
1
4 9 36 y x z
and
field
1x
at the point
) 11, 2, 1 (
3
1
is
11
11
6
11
6
) 2 (4) 1 (9 36
) 1 (6
) 2, 1 (
22
) 2, 1 (
y
z
f
y
,
Physical interpretation of partial derivatives partial derivative can be
interpreted as the rate of change.
EXAMPLE 3 Meeting of the electric charge in the metal plate inside the
field-xy is given by
32
2 4), (y x y x
with x and y in cm and in C / cm
2
,
Determine the rate of change of the charge conference to x and y,
respectively, in
point (2, 3).
Completion
The rate of change of charge with respect to x is meeting
x
x
4
, At the point (2, 3):
8) 2 (4
) 3, 2 (
x
C / cm
3
,
The rate of change of the charge against y is meeting
2
3y
y
, At the point (2, 3):
27) 3 (3
2
) 3, 2 (
y
C / cm
3
,
Partial derivative Second Order If z = f (x, y) lowered twice, the second-
order derivative obtained.
Second order partial derivatives notation written as follows.
The partial derivative with respect to x of f
x
:
2
2
x
f
x
f
xx
f
f
x
xx
,
The partial derivative with respect to y of f
x
:
xy
f
x
f
yY
f
f
x
xy
2
,
The partial derivative with respect to x of f
y
:
yx
f
y
f
xx
f
f
y
yx
2
,
The partial derivative with respect to y of f
y
:
2
2
y
f
y
f
yY
f
f
y
yY
,
EXAMPLE 4 Determine all the second partial derivatives of
xy y x f sin), (
,
Completion
The first partial derivatives:
xy y
x
f
f
x
cos xy x
y
f
f
y
cos
The second partial derivatives:
xy y f
xx
sin
2
xy x f
yY
sin
2
xy xy xy f
xy xy xy xy sin cos f
yx sin cos
EXERCISES 4.2
For about the numbers 1-4, specify all the first partial derivatives of the
function.
1.
4 3 2), (
2
yxyxf
2.
yx
yxf
1
), (
3.
uv
e v u f), (
4.
xy e y x f
xy
sin), (
5. Determine the gradient of the tangent to the curve of intersection
between the surface
36 9 9
22
2
1
yxz
with field
1y
in point
), 1, 2 (
2
3
6. In accordance with the ideal gas law, the pressure, temperature and
gas volume is expressed by
kT PV
,
where k is a constant. Determine the rate of change of pressure on the
temperature at 300 K
if the volume is kept at 100 m
3
,
For about the numbers 7-8, specify all the partial derivatives of both
functions.
7.
xy y x f sin), (
8.
yeyxf
x
sin), (
For about the numbers 9-10, stated the following derivative notation in
the notation.
9.
xxy
f
10.
xxyy
f
4.3 Chain Rule
Version One example x = x (t) and y = y (t) is differentiable at t and for
example z = f (x (t), y (t))
differentiable at x (t) and y (t), then z = f (x (t), y (t)) differentiable at t.
Derivative z
against t meet
dt
dy
y
z
dt
dx
x
z
dt
dz
For the function of three variables: w = f (x, y, z) with x = x (t), y = y (t),
and z = z (t):
dt
dz
z
w
dt
dy
y
w
dt
dx
x
w
dt
dw
EXAMPLE 1 If
yxz
2
with
2
2t x
and
3
ty
, Specify
dt
dz
,
Completion
dt
dy
y
z
dt
dx
x
z
dt
dz
) 3) (() 4) (2 (
22
t x t xy
dt
dz
Substituting
2
2t x
and
3
ty
it is obtained
622232
28) 3 () 2 () 4) () (2 (2 t t t t t t
dt
dz
,
Determine
dt
dz
can be determined also by menyubstitusikan
2
2t x
and
3
ty
on
yxz
2
, Namely
73222
4) () 2 (t t t y x z
, Thus obtained
6
28 t
dt
dz
, However,
many functions that seek derivatives become more complicated if
substitutable first.
EXAMPLE 2 Cylinder solid with a high diameter x and y are heated so
that it expands.
When x = 10 cm and y = 50 cm, diameter and height of the cylinder
expands in a row at a rate of 0.2 cm / min and 0.5 cm / min. Determine
(a) the rate of change
volume and (b) the rate of change of the cylinder when it wide!
Completion
The pace of change in diameter expressed by
dt
dx
, Whereas the rate of
height change
dt
dy
,
x
y
(A) The volume of the cylinder satisfies the equation
yxyxfV
2
4
), (
then the rate of change in volume:
dt
dy
y
V
dt
dx
x
V
dt
dV
dt
dy
x
dt
dx
xy
dt
dV
2
42
Unknown x = 10 cm, y = 50 cm,
2, 0
dt
dx
cm / min, and
5, 0
dt
dy
cm / s then
5, 62) 5, 0) (10 (
4
) 2, 0) (50) (10 (
2
2
50, 10 y x
dt
dV
cm
3
/ Min.
(B) The surface area of the cylinder
2
2
1
), (X xy y x f L
then the rate of change of the breadth:
dt
dy
y
L
dt
dx
x
L
dt
dL
dt
dy
x
dt
dx
xy
dt
dL
) () (
Unknown x = 10 cm, y = 50 cm,
2, 0
dt
dx
cm / min, and
5, 0
dt
dy
cm / s then
17) 5, 0) (10 () 2, 0) (10 50 (
50, 10 y x
dt
dL
cm
2
/ Min.
Both versions example x = x (s, t) and y = y (s, t) has a first partial
derivatives at (s, t) and
for example, z = f (x (s, t), y (s, t)) then the partial derivatives of z to s
and t, respectively
(I)
s
y
y
z
s
x
x
z
s
z
(Ii)
t
y
y
z
t
x
x
z
t
z
EXAMPLE 3 Determine
s
z
and
t
z
if
y
xe y x f z), (
with
tsx2
and
tsy2
,
Completion
(I)
) 1 2 (2) 1 (2) 2 () 2 (
2
t s e e x e xe
s
y
y
z
s
x
x
z
s
z
tsyyy
(Ii)
) 1 2 () 1 () 1 () 1 (
2
t s e e x e xe
t
y
y
z
t
x
x
z
t
z
tsyyy
Implicit Function Function implicit derivative is written as
0), (y x F
, With
using the chain rule, the derivative F with respect to x is
0
dx
dy
y
F
dx
dx
x
F
dx
dF
or
0
dx
dy
y
F
x
F
it is obtained
yF
xF
dx
dy
/
/
EXAMPLE 4 If
0
322
xyyx
, Specify
dx
dy
by using (a) method
implicit differentiation and (b) the chain rule.
Completion
(A) The derivative of y against using implicit differentiation as follows.
Both sides (left and right) derived with respect to x:
) 0 () (
322
dx
d
xyyx
dx
d
0322
22
x
dx
dy
y
dx
dy
x xy 0 2 3) 2 (
22
xy x
dx
dy
yx
thus obtained
yx
xy x
dx
dy
2
23
2
2
(B) Equation
0
322
xyyx
can be written as
0), (
322
xyyxyxF
,
F partial derivatives with respect to x and y respectively
2
3 2 x xy
x
F
and
yx
y
F
2
2
thus obtained
yx
xy x
yF
xF
dx
dy
2
23
/
/
2
2
The result, of course, the same way that obtained previously.
EXERCISES 4.3
For about the numbers 1-2, specify
dt
dz
using the chain rule. Express the answer in t.
1.
yxz
2
;
3
2t x
,
2
ty
2.
22
yx
ez
;
t x sin
,
t y cos
For about the numbers 3-4, specify
s
z
and
t
z
, Express the answer in s and t.
3.
2
xy z
;
tsx2
,
tsy2
,
4.
) Ln (y x z
;
st
ex
,
st
ey
,
5. Budi riding a motorcycle at a constant speed of 60 km / h straight to
the North and
crossing the intersection at 10:00 pm. Exactly at 10.15 pm, Iwan
spurring the bike at a speed of 80 km / h straight across the intersection
West
the same one. Determine the rate of change of distance between Budi
and Iwan on time at
11.00.
6. Decide
dx
dy
if
0 17 5x ye
x
,
4.4 Maximum and Minimum
The maximum and minimum function of two variables can be
determined using the following theorem.
Eg A (x
0, y
0) is a point on f (x, y) that satisfy f
x
(A) = 0 and f
y (A) = 0
and
) () () () (
2
AfAfAfAD
xy yy xx
:
(1) If D (A)> 0 and f
xx (A) <0, f (A) is a relative maximum value of f (x, y).
(2) If D (A)> 0 and f
xx (A)> 0, f (A) is a relative minimum of f (x, y).
(3) If D (A) <0, f (A) is not the maximum or minimum value, A (x
0, y
0) is called
saddle point.
(4) If D (A) = 0, it can not be concluded.
A point (x
0, y
0) is called a critical point, while f (A) is called the relative extreme
values.
EXAMPLE 1 Determine all the extreme values of the function
23
2), (y xy x y x f
,
Completion
Critical points of these functions are obtained by solving the system of
equations f
x (x, y) = 0 and
f
y (x, y) = 0 as follows.
(1)
0 2 3), (
2
yxyxf
x
(2)
0 2 2), (y x y x f
y
Of (2) obtained
yx
, Enter this result to (1), obtained
023
2
x x 0) 2 3 (x x 0 x
and
3
2
x
,
To
0x
,
0xy
, Whereas for
3
2
x
,
3
2
xy
, Thus, the critical points are
) 0, 0 (A
and
), (
3
2
3
2
B
,
Extreme values obtained in the following manner. The second partial
derivative of f (x, y) is
xyxf
xx
6), (2), (y x f
yY
2), (y x f
xy
Furthermore,
4 12), (), (), (), (
2
xyxfyxfyxfyxD
xy yy xx
,
To the point A (0, 0):
0) 0 (6) 0, 0 () (
xx xx
fAf
and
4 4) 0 (12) 0, 0 () (D A D
,
Since D (A) <0, A (0, 0) is a saddle point.
To the point
), (
3
2
3
2
B
:
4) (6), () (
3
2
3
2
3
2
xx xx
fBf
and
4 4) (12), () (
3
2
3
2
3
2DBD
,
Because D (B)> 0 and f
xx (B) <0 then f (B) is a relative maximum value, with the value:
27
42
3
2
3
2
3
23
3
2
3
2
3
2
) ()) ((2) (), () (f B f
,
EXAMPLE 2 Determine the relative extreme values of
33
3), (y xy x y x f
,
Completion
Critical points of these functions are obtained by solving the system of
equations f
x (x, y) = 0 and
f
(1)
0 3 3), (
2
yxyxf
x
(2)
0 3 3), (
2
xyyxf
y
To solve a system of equations above, multiply (1) by x and (2) with y
then
033
033
033
33
3
3
yx
xy y
xy x
in order to obtain x = y. Enter this result to (1) the obtained
0) 1 (3 0 3 3
2
xxxx
,
obtainable
0x
or
1x
, To
0x
,
0y
and to
1x
,
1y
, With
Thus, the critical points are A (0, 0) and B (-1, -1).
xyxf
xx
6), (y y x f
yY
6), (3), (y x f
xy
Furthermore,
9 36), (), (), (), (
2
xy y x f y x f y x f y x D
xy yy xx
,
0) 0 (6) 0, 0 () (
xx xx
fAf
and
9 9) 0) (0 (36) 0, 0 () (D A D
,
Since D (A) <0, A (0, 0) is a saddle point.
To point B (-1, -1):
6) 1 (6) 1, 1 () (
xx xx
fBf
and
27 9) 1) (1 (36) 1, 1 () (D B D
,
Because D (B)> 0 and f
xx (B) <0 then f (B) is a relative maximum value, with the value:
1) 1 () 1) (1 (3) 1 () 1, 1 () (
33
fBf
,
EXAMPLE 3 Determine the dimensions of a rectangle such berdiagonal
2
so the maximum extent.
Completion
For example the length and width of the rectangle is
x and y, with x> 0 and y> 0 (see picture!). We want
determine the size of the x and y such that extent,
xy y x f L), (
, Provided that the maximum diagonal
meet
2
22
yxd
,
From
2
22
yxd
obtainable
4
22
yx
2
4xy
, Substituting these results
on the broad equation
2
4), (x x xy y x f L
,
(X, y)
x
y
0
2
The first derivative of f (x, y) is
2
2
2
2
2
4
24
4
4
x
x
x
x
xf
x
The critical point is a stationary point: f
x = 0 then
0
4
24
2
2
x
x
met if
0) 2 (2 2 4
22
xx
thus obtained
2x
or
2x
, Because x
> 0, which qualify are
2x
,
To
2x
,
2) 2 (4 4
22
xy
in order to obtain the critical point is
) 2, 2 (
, Thus, the dimensions of the rectangle with an area of diameter 2
maximum length = width =
2
, Wide maximum is 2.
EXAMPLE 4 Determine the shortest distance from the origin (0, 0, 0) to
point (x, y, z) located at
field
4
2
xy z
,
Completion
The distance from the origin (0, 0, 0) to point (x, y, z) satisfies the
equation
222
zyxd
To facilitate completion, grab
2222
),, (Z y x d z y x f
(I)
Because of (x, y, z) lies on the field
4
2
xy z
4
2
xy z
then (i) may be amended
be a function of two variables, as follows.
4), (
222
xy y x d y x f
(Ii)
Now we will look for the minimum value of (ii).
Critical points of these functions are obtained by solving a system
persam aan f
x (x, y) = 0 and
f
(1)
0 2), (y x y x f
x
(2)
0 2), (x y y x f
y
Subtract (1) by (2),
0
02
02
yx
xy
yx
Then obtained x = y. Enter this result to (1),
002xxx
thus obtained
A critical point (0, 0).
2), (y x f
xx
2), (y x f
yY
1), (y x f
xy
Furthermore,
3 1 2 2), (), (), (), (
22
yxfyxfyxfyxD
xy yy xx
,
2) 0, 0 () (
xx xx
fAf
and
3) 0, 0 () (D A D
,
Since D (A)> 0 and f
xx
(A) <0, f (A) is the minimum value.
Next, enter the point A (0, 0) to (ii), the value of the minimum of f (x, y)
is
4 4 0 0 0 0) (
22
Af
,
Thus, the minimum distance from the point (0, 0, 0) to point (x, y, z)
located in the field
4
2
xy z
is
2 4) (
min A f d
,
EXERCISES 4.4
For about the numbers 1-4, determine the extreme value or a saddle
point of the function.
1.
y x y xy x y x f 4 2 7 6 3), (
22
2.
yx
xy y x f
42
), (
3.
33
3), (y xy x y x f
4.
xy y x f), (
5. A box-shaped metal tank without a lid designed can accommodate
256 cubic meters
water. What are the dimensions (length, width, and height) tank so that
the metal material
used to make it as little as possible?
4.5 Maximum-Minimum Constrained Function: Lagrange Method
Examples 3 and 4 in Section 4.4 is how to determine the maximum-
minimum functions
constrained. In Example 3, the functions to be specified maximum value
/ minimum (called
objective function) is a rectangular area
xy y x f), (
and barriers
2
22
yxd
In Example 4, the objective function is
2222
),, (Z y x d z y x f
and barriers
is
4
2
xy z
,
In addition to determining the maximum-minimum value function is
constrained by the way in the second
the example above, there is a simpler method, the method of Lagrange.
The rules are as follows.
Unknown objective functions:
),, (Z y x f
with the constraint functions:
0),, (z y x g
, Critical points
from
),, (Z y x f
is the solution of the equation system as follows:
(1)
),, (),, (Z y x z y x f g
xx
(2)
),, (),, (Z y x z y x f g
yY
(3)
),, (),, (Z y x z y x f g
zz
(4)
0),, (z y x g
with is a constant multiplier (Lagrange multiplier).
EXAMPLE 5 EXAMPLE 3 Repeat using Lagrange method.
Completion
The objective function:
xy y x f), (
Constraint functions:
0 4), (
22
yxyxg
The system equation is
(1)
), (), (Y x g y x f
xx
xy2
(2)
), (), (Y x g y x f
yY
yx2
(3)
0 4), (
22
yxyxg
To solve a system of equations above, multiply (1) by y and (2) with x
then
obtainable
0
2
2
22
2
2
xy
xy x
xy y
22
yx
Enter this result to (3):
24204
222
xxxx
Since x> 0, take the value
2x
so that
2xy
(Y> 0). Thus, a point
is critical
) 2, 2 (
, Thus, the dimensions of the rectangle diameter of 2
with a maximum area is the length = width =
2
, Wide maximum is 2.
EXAMPLE 6 Repeat of Example 4 by the method of Lagrange.
Completion
222
),, (Z y x z y x f
0 4),, (
2
xy z z y x g
(1)
),, (),, (Z y x z y x f g
xx
yx2
(2)
),, (),, (Z y x z y x f g
yY
xy2
(3)
),, (),, (Z y x z y x f g
zz
zz22
(4)
0 4),, (
2
xy z z y x g
From (3) was obtained
1
, Enter this value into (1) and (2). Then, to solve the system
The above equation by multiplying (1) by x and (2) with y as follows.
) () (2
2
2
yxyx
xy
yx
yx
Enter x = y to equation
yx2
then
00032yxxxx
Then enter this result into (4), obtained
2z
, Thus, the critical points are A (0, 0,
-2) And B (0, 0, 2).
For A (0, 0, -2):
4) 2 (0 0) 2, 0, 0 () (
222
fAf
To and B (0, 0, 2):
4 2 0 0) 2, 0, 0 () (
222
fBf
,
Thus, the minimum distance from the point (0, 0, 0) to point (x, y, z)
located in the field
4
2
xy z
is
2 4) (
min A f d
,
EXAMPLE 7 Determine the maximum and minimum values of
z y x z y x f 2 5),, (
with
),, (Z y x
located on the ball
30
222
zyx
,
Completion
z y x z y x f 2 5),, (
0 30),, (
222
zyxzyxg
(1)
),, (),, (Z y x z y x f g
xx
x25
x2
5
(2)
),, (),, (Z y x z y x f g
yY
y22
y
1
(3)
),, (),, (Z y x z y x f g
zz
z21
z2
1
(4)
0 30),, (
222
zyxzyxg
Of (1) and (2) obtained
(5)
5
21
2
5x
y
yx
And from (1) and (3) is obtained
(6)
52
1
2
5x
z
zx
Next enter (5) and (6) to (4), obtained
0 30
55
2
22
2
xx
x 5 25 0 30
25
30
2
2
xx
x
Enter this result to (5) and (6) then:
5x
2
5
2x
y
and
1
5
x
z
: The critical point A (5, -2, 1)
5x
2
5
2x
y
and
1
5
x
z
: The critical point B (-5, 2, -1)
Further
To A (5, -2, 1):
30 1) 2 (2) 5 (5) 1, 2, 5 () (f A f
To B (-5, 2, -1):
30) 1 () 2 (2) 5 (5) 1, 2, 5 () (f B f
,
Therefore,
z y x z y x f 2 5),, (
with
),, (Z y x
located on the ball
30
222
zyx
has a minimum value = - 30 and the maximum value = 30.
EXERCISES 4.5
1. Determine the maximum and minimum values of
xy y x f), (
if (x, y) is in the elliptical
1
28
22
yx
,
2. Determine the minimum value of
22
), (Y x y x f
if (x, y) is a point located at
0 3), (xy y x g
,
3. Determine the value of three positive numbers such that the number
15
third multiplication give the greatest results.
4. Determine the shortest distance from the origin O (0, 0, 0) to the
surface
09
22
zyx
,
5. Muzzle ellipsoid-shaped spacecraft
16 4 4
222
zyx
entering the Earth's atmosphere. Because of friction, the plane began
to heat the surface of the snout.
After 1 hour, the temperature at the point (x, y, z) on the surface meets
the equation
600 16 4 8),, (
2
z yz x z y x T
,
Specify the hottest point on the surface of the plane snout.

Lecture Diktat EL121 Engineering Mathematics I

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Lecture diktat EL121 Engineering Mathematics I

Aip Saripudin Chapter 4 Function Berpeubah Lots and Derivatives - 49

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