Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Essay
Essay
40TH COMMOM
CONTENT
Essay and its components
Reasons of failure
Kinds of essays
Fields to cover
Writing process
Books
Essay and its components
It is an opinion of the writer on some given topics in
20-25 paragraphs in comprehensive way.
The word essay originally means a first attempt or
practice.
An essay consists on five key components;
Components of an Essay
Structure 20
Content 20
Expression 20
Grammar 20
Argument 2o
Structure
It is an over all arrangement of sentences and
paragraphs in the essay. In simple words this is a
way/plan in which different parts of an essay are
combined together. It has three parts:
Outline 5%
Unusual paragraph 20%
Usual paragraph 75%
Sentence
A set of words that is typically containing a subject and
predicate, conveying single idea in the form statement,
question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of
a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate
clauses. It has following types:
Assertive
Interrogative
Imperative
Optative
Exclamatory
Paragraph
A distinct section of a piece of writing, usually dealing
with a single theme and indicated by a new line,
indentation, or numbering.
It is combination of 6-8 sentences on some single topic
or idea
However; it is divided into two parts
1.Usual paragraph 75%
2.Unusual paragraph 20%
Unusual Paragraph (20%)
The paragraph that can not follow the said definition
which is combination of 6-8 sentences on some single
topic or idea
This serves as a map of the essay, outlining to your
reader the main argument and points in the form of a
summary, abstract and preface
It has types
It has following two kinds
1.Introduction
2.Conclusion
Introduction
An introduction is to serve as a map of the essay,
outlining to your reader the main argument and points
It is consisted on 17-20 sentences
In one continuous paragraph
Complete summary
Its components
Components of an Introduction
1. General statement 3
2. Specific statement 3
3. Causes 4
4. Effects 4
5. Measurements 4
6. Thesis statement 1
THERE ARE SOME HURDLES IN THE
WAY OF A TRULY INDEPENDENT
COUNTRY
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF
PAKISTAN AND CAUSES OF ITS
FAILURE TO PRODUCE
EFFICENT HUMAN RESOURCE
THERE ARE SOME HURDLES IN THE WAY OF A TRULY
INDEPENDENT COUNTRY
General statement 3
Specific statement 3
Education system of Pakistan 4
Causes of its failure 4
Method to improve education system of Pakistan to
produce efficient human resource 4
Thesis statement 1
INTENATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
HAVE FAILED TO PROTECT
HUMANITY
INTENATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE FAILED
TO PROTECT HUMANITY
General statement 3
Specific statement 3
Objectives of international organizations 4
Evidences of their failure 4
Causes of their failure 4
Consequences of their failure 4
Solutions to make these organizations effective 4
Thesis statement 1
Usual paragraph
It is combination of 6-8 sentences on some single topic
or idea. It must has following characteristics;
1. Topic sentence
2. Development
3. Coherence
4. Unity
5. Organization
6. Concluding sentence
Topic sentence
It is very first sentence or a catch line of a paragraph
which determines the direction of the paragraph. It
has following three requirements;
Discourse marker of structure of introduction
New idea
Topic of the Essay
Development
It is the art of converting your topic sentence into a
comprehensive paragraph and it can be achieved by
applying following tools;
1. Topic sentence 1
2. Illustration 3
3. Justification (Quotation , Saying , Reference ,
Examples ,Facts , Figures, Arguments and compare
and contrast ) 1
4. Re-illustration 2
5. Conclusion Sentence 1
Coherence
It is an attachment and connectivity among ideas and
sentences of a paragraph and essay to create flow,
rhythm and beauty. Furthermore there must not seem
a gap among ideas, sentences and paragraphs. It has
two types;
Logical coherence (among ideas)
Verbal coherence (sentences and paragraphs)
Tools of Coherence
1. Discourse marker/Connectors/Transitional devices
2. Synonyms and variation in words
3. Use of Pronoun
4. Transitional paragraph (join different parts of an
essay)
5. Thesis statement
ADDING SEQUENCING ILLUSTRATING CAUSE and
EFFECT
free writing
looping
invisible writing
Organization of information
selection
categorization
Placement/ranking
outline
Outline
An outline is a way to organize your thoughts and
research if youre preparing an essay. It is a line or set
of lines enclosing or indicating the shape of an object
in a sketch, image or diagram to reflect the real object
in the form of phrases
Comprehensive Image
In the form of phrases
Flawless
Beautiful presentation
Writing stage
1. Clear stance
2. Definite knowledge
3. Flawless expression
4. Expressive not impressive
5. Proper structure
6. Use of discourse markers, adjectives and synonyms
7. Valid arguments
8. Reasonable handwriting
Post Drafting stage
It consists on
1. Revision
2. Edition
Revision
This is to recognazation of your mistakes of spellings,
punctuation, grammar, sentence structure and topic
and concluding sentence by revising following parts;
1. Outline
2. Introduction
3. First two paragraphs of body
4. Conclusion
Edition
It is the process to correct the mistakes. Furthermore
mistakes can be corrected in following ways;
1. Add
2. Reword
3. Cut/delete
4. Resentence
Fields to cover
Candidates will be required to write one essay in
English. A wide choice of subjects will be given
The fields generally are:
1) Literature Related
2) Philosophy
3) International Politics
4) Economics related
5) Social issues
6) Religious issues
Books
1.A communicative grammar of English by Leech & Svartik
2. A Practical English Grammar by Thomson & Martinet
3. A Comprehensive English Grammar for Foreign Students by
Eckersley & Eckersley (Longmans)
4. Modern English Vol. I & II Harcourt Brace Jovanovich by
Rutherford
5. A University English Grammar by R. Quirk & S. Greenbrae
(Longmans)
6. Practical English Usage by Swan (OUP)
7. High School English Grammar
8. Exploring the world of English
9.High school English Grammar
10.Exploring the World of English
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS