RAFFLES INSTITUTION

H2 Mathematics (9758)
2017 Year 6

2017 YEAR 6 REVISION: STATISTICS (Suggested Solutions)

Qn 1
Number of ways 4 5 6 1 119

Qn 2
(i) 3 Is, 2 Ns, 1 F, 1 T and 1Y
8!
Number of arrangements 3360
3!2!
(ii) 5! 6
Number of arrangements C3 1200
2!

Qn 3
(i) Observe that P Z a P Z a 0.5
Thus, P Z a P Z a 0.25
a 0.67449
a 0.674 (3s.f.)

(ii) P X b P X b
X b X b
P P
3 3 3 3
b b
Thus, P Z P Z
3 3
b
0.67449 from (i)
3
b 2.02 (3s.f.)

Qn 4

Let X kg be the mass of a bag of flour. X ~ N , 2
X c
Given that P X c 0.3 P 0.3

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c c
Thus, P Z 0.15 1.0364, c 1.0364

2c
P X 2c P Z P Z 2.0729 0.962 (3 s.f)

Qn 5
(i) P( X 6)
= P (score = 6) + P(score = 1 and 5) + P(score = 2 and 4)
1 1 1 2
= 2
6 6 6 9

1 1 1
P( X 7) 2
6 6 18

x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 2 2 2 1 1
P(X = x)
36 9 9 9 9 18 36
_
(ii) 1 2 1 1 14
E(X) = 2 (3 4 5 6) 7 8
36 9 18 36 3
1 2 1 1 427
E(X 2) = 22 (32 42 52 62 ) 72 82
36 9 18 36 18

2
427 14 35
Var(X) = E(X ) [E(X)] =
2 2
=
18 3 18

Since n 80 is large, by Central Limit Theorem,

14 35
X ~ N , approximately
3 18 80
P ( X 5) = 0.0163

Qn 6

w 45 , w
2
Let w x 3 , then 425
45
Unbiased estimate of is x 3 w 3 3.75
60
Unbiased estimate of 2
1 w 1
2
45
2

s x sw
2 2

n 1
w n 59 425 60 6.631356 6.63
2

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H0 : 3 vs H1 : 3
Perform a 1-tail test at 5% significance level.
s2
Under H 0 , X ~ N 0 , x , where 0 3 .
n
From the sample, x 3.75 , sx 6.631356 , n 60
Using a z-test,
Method 1: since p-value 0.0120358 0.05 , reject H 0 .
Method 2: since z-value = 2.25598 > 1.6449, reject H 0 .
There is sufficient evidence, at the 5% significance level, to conclude that the
machine is not working correctly.

Yes. The test is valid since the sample size of 60 is sufficiently large, by Central Limit
Theorem, the sample mean length of a nail ( X ) is approximately normally
distributed.

2
If 0.1 , under H 0 , X N 3,
n
If H 0 is rejected, p-value < 0.05.
P X a 0.05
a 3
P Z 0.95
0.1 n
a 3 0.1 0.233
From GC, 2.32635 a 3 2.32635 3
0.1 n n n

Qn 7
(a) Let A g and C g be the mass of a grade A durian and a grade B durian
respectively.
A ~ N(1005, 1.52) ; C ~ N(1006, 22)

Required probability = P( A 1009) 0.985

4

(b) A C ~ N 1, 6.25
P( A C 1) = P( 1 A C 1) 0.288

(c) ( A1 ... A25 ) (C1 ... C25 )

T
50
1
E( T ) = [ 25(1005) 25(1006)] = 1005.5
50
1
Var (T ) [ 25(1.5 2 ) 25( 2 2 )] =0.0625
2
50
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T ~ N (1005.5,0.0625)
Required probability = P(1004.8 T 1005.8) 0.882

Qn 8
(i) y
6.04

1.10

0.2 5.5 x

(ii) 1
Using GC, y 1.01 0.984, k 1.01 and c 0.9839
x

(iii) When x = 10, y = 1.085. The result may not be reliable, as the x-value is out of
range from data in table.
(iv) 1
r = 0.9995. The data fits the regression line, y on , too well.
x
(v) No. r is independent of the units it is measured in.

Qn 9
(a)(i) Since A and B are mutually exclusive, P A B P A P B
P B P A B P A = 0.6 0.2 = 0.4

(a)(ii) Since A and B are independent, P A B P A P B = 0.2 P B

Also, P A B P A P B P A B
0.6 0.2 P B 0.2 P B
0.8P B 0.4 P B 0.5

(b)(i) Required probability

(0.1 0.01) (0.6 0.15) (0.3 0.25)
83
0.166 or
500

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(b)(ii) P good risks and no accidents

P good risks | no accidents
P no accidents
0.1 (1 0.01)

1 0.166
0.099 33

0.834 278

Qn 10
(a) 11
C3 8C3 5C3 2C2
Number of ways = 15400
3!
(b) 8!
Number of ways = 3C1 4C1 2! 120960
8

Qn 11
X ~ B( n, p )
np (1 p ) 54 np
1 p 4 p 15
5

P( X 1) 0.92
1 P( X 0) 0.92
P( X 0) 0.08

Method 1:
Using GC,
n 11: P( X 0) 0.0859 0.08
n 12 : P( X 0) 0.06872 0.08
Hence, least value of n is 12.

Method 2:
54
n
0.08
n 11.3
Least value of n is 12.

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Qn 12
Let A and B be the events that Andrea and Ben hit the bulls eye in their shot
respectively.

P(Andrea hits the bull's eye first)

P(A) P(A' B' A) P(A' B' A' B' A) ...
1 5 4 1 5 4 5 4 1
...
6 6 5 6 6 5 6 5 6
1

6
sum to infinity of GP
4 5
1 5 6

1

2

Qn 13
(i) P scoring exactly 5 points P spinning 1, 1, 3 P spinning 1, 2, 2
3 3 2 3! 3 2 2 3!

8 8 8 2! 8 8 8 2!
45

256

(ii) P(spins 2 at least once | scoring a total of less than 6 points)

spin "2" at least once and score less than 6 points
P
score less than 6 points
P spinning 1, 1, 2 + P spinning 1, 2, 2

P total 3 points P total 4 points P total 5 points
3 3 2 3! 3 2 2 3!
+
8 8 8 2! 8 8 8 2!

3 3 3 3 3 2 3! 45

8 8 8 8 8 8 2! 256
27 9
+
256 128
27 27 45

512 256 256
10

19

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(iii) P scoring at least 4 points 1 P scoring 3 points

27
1
512
485

512

Assumptions:
1. Probability of scoring at least 4 points for each player is constant.
2.The points scored by each players are independent of each other.

485
Thus, Y ~ B 58, .
512

(i) Area of region A = (2) 4

2

2
Area of region B = (4) 4 12
Area of region C = (8)2 16 48
4 12 3
P( X 5) (shown)
5 64 20

(ii) 4 48 3 1 3 3 1
P( X 2) P( X 10) 1
5 64 5 5 5 20 20

X 0 2 5 10
1 3 3 1
P( X = x)
5 5 20 20

(iii) 1 3 3 1
E(X) = 0 2 5 10 = 2.45
5 5 20 20
1 3 3 1
E(X 2) = 02 22 52 102 = 11.15
5 5 20 20
Var(X) = 11.15 (2.45)2 = 5.1475 (shown)

(iv) 5.1475
Since n 50 is large, by Central Limit Theorem, X ~ N 2.45,
50
approximately.

P( X 3) 0.0433

Qn 14
(i) Area of region A = (2) 4
2

2
Area of region B = (4) 4 12

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Area of region C = (8) 2 16 48

P( X 5) 4 12 3 (shown)
5 64 20

(ii) 4 48 3 1 3 3 1
P( X 2) P( X 10) 1
5 64 5 5 5 20 20

X 0 2 5 10
1 3 3 1
P( X = x)
5 5 20 20

(iii) 1 3 3 1
E(X) = 0 2 5 10 = 2.45
5 5 20 20
1 3 3 1
E(X 2) = 02 22 52 102 = 11.15
5 5 20 20
Var(X) = 11.15 (2.45)2 = 5.1475 (shown)

(iv) 5.1475
Since n 50 is large, by Central Limit Theorem, X ~ N 2.45,
50
approximately.

P( X 3) 0.0433

Qn 15
(i) Value of the product moment correlation coefficient is 0.807 (3 s.f.).

(ii) y

The value found in (i) suggests there is some form of negative linear correlation
between x and y but the scatter diagram shows that the relationship between
x and y is non-linear. Thus, the value of the product moment correlation
coefficient is not a good indication of the linearity between x and y.

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(iii) From the scatter diagram, we see that y decreases as x increases, which is the
b
case for model B ( y a , b 0 ).
x
For models A ( y a bx ) and C ( y a b ln x ), y increases as x increases,
2

since b 0 .

Hence model B is appropriate.

(iv) Value of the product moment correlation coefficient between y and w is

0.976 (3 s.f.).

(v) Equation of the regression line of y on w is

y 0.86652 3.2758 w (5 s.f.), i.e. y 0.867 3.28 w (3 s.f.).

When y 1.4 , 1.4 0.86652 3.2758w w 0.16285 .

1
x 6.14 6
w
An estimate of the number of pens ordered when a unit price of $1.40 is quoted
is 6.

This estimate is reliable since y 1.4 is between the range of values of y from
0.80 to 1.50, and the product moment correlation coefficient between y and w
is 0.976 (3 s.f.), which suggests a strong positive linear correlation between y
and w.

Qn 16
Let X cm be the height of a male citizen.
Then X ~ N 170, 2 , where is the standard deviation.
P X 165 0.9
165 170
PZ 0.9

5
P Z 0.1

5
From GC, 1.28155 = 3.90 (3sf)

Let Y cm be the height of a female citizen. Then Y ~ N 162,9.652 .

X Y ~ N(8, 108.344364)

P(|X Y| > 6) = 1 P(6 < X Y < 6) = 0.66549 = 0.665 (3sf)

Let W be the number of couples out of 10 with heights differing by less than 6cm.
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W ~ B(10, 0.33450)

P W 4 0.784

Qn 17
(i)
Unbiased estimate of population mean x
x 268 3.35 .
80 80

Unbiased estimate of population variance,

1 1
x x (195) 2.4684 2.47 to 3 s.f.
2
s2
80 1 79

(ii) Let X be the random variable that represents the time, in hours, spent per week
outdoors by children in Singapore.
H0 : 3 vs H1 : 3
Perform a 2-tail test at 5% significance level.
s2
Under H 0 , since n = 80 is large, X ~ N 0 , approximately by Central
n
Limit Theorem, where 0 3 .
From the sample, x 3.35 , s 2.4684 .
Using a z-test,
Method 1: since p-value 0.0463 0.05 , reject H 0 .
Method 2: since z-value = 1.9925 > 1.9600, reject H 0 .
There is sufficient evidence, at the 5% significance level, to conclude that the
researchers claim is not valid.

(iii) Let Y be the random variable that represents the time, in hours, spent per week
outdoors by children in School A.
H0 : 3 vs H1 : 3
Perform a 1-tail test at 5% significance level.
2
Under H 0 , since n = 100 is large, X ~ N 0 , approximately by Central
n
Limit Theorem, where 0 3 , 1.25
From the sample, x m .

For teachers claim to be valid, we reject H0.

P Y m 0.05

P Y m 0.95
By GC, m 3.2056
Least value of m = 3.21 (2 d.p)

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