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Bahan Kuliah TOEFL Unas
Bahan Kuliah TOEFL Unas
Bahan Kuliah TOEFL Unas
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Authentic texts often contoin so much unfqmilior vocobulory thot it is not procticol to look up
every word in q dictionory. lnsteod, reoders use the context to work out on opproximoie ideo of o
word's meoning. lt is helpful to remember these points:
. A new word is often poired with o synonym or on onionym.
A modern, slate'of-lhe-orl oirporl wos built. lstote'of-fhe-orf = modern)
. A new word is often port o[ o collocotion with fomilior words, or frequently used together with
fomilior words.
It is hoped thot the city will reop the benefits of the Gomes {or yeors fo come. /reop benefits =
get benefits)
. The meoning o[ o new word is often mode cleor by stotistics or informotion given loter in the
sentence.
Barcelono hod o modesl surplus of obouf $5 million. lmodest = relotively smoll)
. Some new words meon the some os similor-looking words.
It is commonploce for budgets fo double. (commonploce = common)
Complete these tines Jrom After the Gomes end. The words in bold ore
synonyms of, or port of collocotions with, the words in the box.
... (para. 5)
5 ... attracting foreign investment, boosting .*** and
increasing tourism. (Para. 11)
6 ... maintaining venues for obscure and -- -, -*--.- sports "
(para. 1-3)
Motch these words from After the Games endwith the informotion.
I ... substantial rer=enue .. . (para. 4) - -- s from 11th to 4th
2 ... massive debt . (para. 4) -- b $4.38 billion in television rights
3 ... by 2011 it had soared . . (para. 8) e businesses, government agencies, and political parties
4 ... stakeholders ... dld not aIu'ays - d 30 years to repay
cooperate u.e1l (para. 11)
- I ond 2.
J In groups, work out the meoning of the bold words in exercises
4 Find these words in Aher lhe Gomes end ond try to work out the
meonings. Compore onswers with o portner.
There ore o number of woys to show how two ideos, ihings, or people ore different.
. Use olthough, {even) though, while, ond whereos before o clouse (subiect + verb).
While costs ore lhe primory concern for o hosl city, lhere ore other foctors fo consider.
. Use in confrosf, however, nevertheless, nonefheless, qnd on the other hond ol ihe beginning of
o sentence or ofter o semicolon. A commo is necessory ofter eqch of these words or phroses.
ln conlrosl, Monfreol's mossive debt took over 30 yeors fo repay.
. You cqn use phroses such os in confrqst to, despite, in spite of, ond unlike followed by o noun
ond o commq.
ln conlrosl lo olher host cilies, the orgonisers of the Barcelono Olympics set one gool.
. You con olso use however, lhough, neverlheless, ond noneihe/ess ofter o commo ot the end of
o sentence.
Hosting the Olympics roises nofionol pride. lt comes ol o cosl, though.
2 Complete the senlences with your own ideos. Compore ons\ /ers in groups.
I Even though hosting the Olympics is expensive, I believe ...
2 American football is very popular in the U.S. In contrast, most people
in my country ...
3 Unlike events like swimming and sprinting, the marathon ...
4 Sports like rycling and equestrian require expensive equipment; on the
other hand, ...
5 Despite the popularity of soccer, many people .. .