Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Packaging and Labeling Decisions
Packaging and Labeling Decisions
DECISIONS
PACKAGING:
Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting
products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the
process of design, evaluation, and production of packages.
Barrier protection - A barrier from oxygen, water vapor, dust, etc., is often
required. Permeation is a critical factor in design. Some packages contain
desiccants or Oxygen absorbers to help extend shelf life. Modified
atmospheres or controlled atmospheres are also maintained in some food
packages. Keeping the contents clean, fresh, and safe for the intended shelf
life is a primary function.
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Portion control - Single serving or single dosage packaging has a precise
amount of contents to control usage. Bulk commodities (such as salt) can be
divided into packages that are a more suitable size for individual households.
It is also aids the control of inventory: selling sealed one-liter-bottles of
milk, rather than having people bring their own bottles to fill themselves.
Types of packaging:
Transport packing: The product entering in to the trade need to be packed
well enough to protect against loss damage during handling, transport and
storage e.g. fiberboard, wooden crate etc.
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Packaging Decisions
Fulfill the Objectives:
From the perspective of both the firm and consumers, packaging must
achieve a number of objectives:
Identify the brand,
Convey descriptive and persuasive information,
Facilitate product transportation and protection,
Assist at-home storage, and
Aid product consumption
It must be confirmed to develop an effective package that these objectives
are fulfilled.
It has to be decided that what the exact size of package is and in what shape
should be the package which is both attractive for the customer and
convenient to use.
To attract the customers, the package should have an appealing color, text
and graphics on it. Color must be carefully chosen: Blue is cool and serene,
red is active and lively, yellow is medicinal and weak, pastel colors are
famine and dark colors are masculine. Similarly, text and graphics also have
a great psychological impact on customers and should be chosen carefully.
Cushioning is that part of packaging, which protects the article from damage
due to shock and vibration. The main functions of cushioning materials can
be detailed as follows:
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Protection of grease proof and water proof barriers at point of contact
with solid blocks
Protection of moisture vapours barriers at points of contact with sharp
edges of the article itself.
Protection of small projections
Filling of void space in the container
Other secondary purposes
It has to be chosen that what material has to be used for cushioning which
fulfills these purposes and also is affordable to the company.
Packaging Cost:
The most important aspect when we look into packaging is the packaging
cost. Packaging cost includes the following:
Material cost: It means the cost of the pack and quality control cost.
Storage and handling cost of empty packages: This include the
handling cost of bulky packages, heavy materials of construction,
drums etc.
Storage of filled packages: This includes the cost incurred to shift the
goods from one form of packaging to another.
Loss and Damage cost: It is related to the loss and damage during
operation, transportation delivery etc.
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Package developmental cost: This include the evaluation cost, pilot
test cost, field testing cost, consumer research cost, feed back cost,
Testing Packaging:
Green Packaging:
Innovation Packaging:
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LABELING:
Labeling is any written, electronic, or graphic communications on the
packaging or on a separate but associated label. Sellers must label products.
The label may be a simple tag attached to the product or an elaborately
designed graphic that is part of the package. The label might carry only the
brand name or a great deal of information.
Purposes of Labeling:
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Product Grading The label might also grade the product; canned fruits
are grade labeled A, B and C.
Product Description The label describes the product: who made it, where
it was made, when it was made, what it contains, how it is to be used, and
how to use it safely.
Labeling Decisions:
Brand Name:
It is necessary for the label to contain the brand name. It has to be decided
that how should that brand name appear on the product. It is advisable to
scale the logo as large as possible in keeping with the overall design, while
maintaining a control space around the logo of 1/2 inch.
Text, graphics and design on the label must be carefully selected because
label in as important part of branding process. It plays a role in
communicating the image and identity of a company.
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there are no consistent worldwide standards, in the United States and many
other countries, the information is highly regulated by truth-in-labeling laws.
Listing a products key benefits on its label helps support the brand promise
and can help differentiate the product from others, while reaching out to
customers seeking those particular benefits.
Package Inserts
Package inserts, which may contain instructions for using a product, are
made when the information cannot fit on the product itself.
Safety Hazards
Possible dangers that could result from misusing a product must be
identified on products to reduce liability and comply with regulations.
Statement of Contents
Additional Labeling:
Additional labeling includes open dating (to describe freshness), unit pricing
(to state the product cost in standard measurement units), grade labeling (to
rate the quality level), and percentage labeling (to show the percentage of
each important ingredient).
Labeling Laws:
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Labels must comply with local or international truth-in-packaging-and-
labeling laws, as well as regulations on hazard warnings and other
declarations.
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Establish clear leadership of the team so that the pace and direction of
activities can be judged.
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