Linux

Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel
x86architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other
operating system.[18] Because of the dominance of the Linux kernel-
based Android OS on smartphones, Linux has the largest installed base of
all general-purpose operating systems.[19] Linux is also the leading operating
system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers, and is
used on 99.6% of the TOP500 supercomputers.[20][21] It is used by around 2.3%
of desktop computers.[22][23] The Chrome book, which runs the Linux kernel-
based Chrome OS, dominates the US K12 education market and represents nearly
20% of the sub-$300 notebook sales in the US.[24] Linux also runs on embedded
systems devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and
is highly tailored to the system. This includes TiVo and similar DVRdevices,
network routers, facility automation controls, televisions,[25][26] video game
consoles and smartwatches.[27] Many smartphones and tablet computersrun
Android and other Linux derivatives.[28]

The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and
open-source software collaboration. The underlying source code may be used,
modified and distributedcommercially or non-commerciallyby anyone under
the terms of its respective licenses, such as the GNU General Public License.
Linux kernel and distributed its first version, 0.01, in 1991.

MCC Interim Linux, which was made available to the public for download
in February 1992
Softlanding Linux System (SLS), released in 1992, was the most
comprehensive
Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X, a commercial distribution first released in
December 1992
SLS distribution was not well maintained, so in July 1993 a new
distribution, called Slackware

Distribution Description

Split into Fedora Core and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The last
Red Hat
official release of the unsplit distribution was Red Hat Linux 9 in
Linux
March 2003.

Community-supported Linux distrubution designed as an

CentOS
OpenSource version of RHEL and well suited for servers.

Community-supported Linux distribution sponsored by Red Hat.

Fedora
It usually features cutting-edge Linux technologies.

A community-developed Linux distribution, sponsored by SUSE.

openSUSE It maintains a strict policy of ensuring all code in the standard
installs will be from FOSSsolutions, including Linux kernel
Modules. SUSE's enterprise Linux productsare all based on the
 codebase that comes out of the openSUSE project.

The first release was based on Red Hat Linux (version 5.1)
and KDE 1 in July 1998. It had since moved away from Red Hat's
Mandrake distribution and became a completely separate distribution. The
Linux name was changed to Mandriva, which included a number of
original tools, mostly to ease system configuration. Mandriva
Linux was the brainchild of Gal Duval, who wanted

Mandriva
Easy to use system through its unique Control Center.
Linux

A community Linux distribution initially forked from Mandriva

Mageia Linux in response to the discontinuation of free versions of
Mandriva Linux.

A Russian distribution available in three different editions:

ROSA Desktop Fresh, ROSA Enterprise Desktop and ROSA
Enterprise Linux Server, with the latter two aiming at
ROSA Linux
commercial users. Its desktop editions come bundled
with proprietary software such as Adobe Flash Player,
multimedia codecs and Steam.

The last release of Mandriva Linux was in August 2011. Most

OpenMandriva developers who were laid off went to Mageia.[5] Later on, the
remaining developers teamed up with community members and
 formed OpenMandriva, a continuation of Mandriva.

A security-focused server Linux distribution. Originally based

Annvix
on Mandrake 9.2 but has diverged a lot. Discontinued.

TinyMe Based on Unity Linux, targeted to be as lightweight as possible.

Trinity Rescue Aimed specifically at offline operations for Windows and Linux
Kit systems such as rescue, repair, password resets and disk cloning

Unity Linux Meant to be a base for custom distributions.

A rolling release Linux Live CD distribution. Originally based on

PCLinuxOS
Mandrake 9.2. Later rebased on Mandriva2007.

Vine Linux A Japanese distribution originally based on Red Hat Linux.

ALT Linux is a set of RPM-based operating systems built on top of

the Linux kernel and Sisyphus packages repository. ALT Linux has
ALT Linux
been developed collectively by ALT Linux Team developers
community and ALT Linux Ltd.