Z-matrix (mathematics)

en.wikipedia.org

For the chemistry related meaning of this term see
Z-matrix (chemistry).
In mathematics, the class of Z-matrices are those matrices
whose o-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero;
that is, a Z-matrix Z satises
Saad, Y. Iterative methods for sparse linear systems
(2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA.: Society for Industrial
and Applied Mathematics. p. 28. ISBN 0-534-
94776-X.
Berman, Abraham; Plemmons, Robert J. (2014).
Nonnegative Matrices in the Mathematical Sciences.
Academic Press. ISBN 9781483260860.

Z = (zij ); zij 0, i = j.

Note that this denition coincides precisely with that of

a negated Metzler matrix or quasipositive matrix, thus
the term quasinegative matrix appears from time to time
in the literature, though this is rare and usually only in
contexts where references to quasipositive matrices are
made.
The Jacobian of a competitive dynamical system is a Z-
matrix by denition. Likewise, if the Jacobian of a co-
operative dynamical system is J, then (J) is a Z-matrix.
Related classes are L-matrices, M-matrices, P-matrices,
Hurwitz matrices and Metzler matrices. L-matrices have
the additional property that all diagonal entries are greater
than zero. M-matrices have several equivalent denitions,
one of which is as follows: a Z-matrix is an M-matrix if it
is nonsingular and its inverse is nonnegative. All matrices
that are both Z-matrices and P-matrices are nonsingular
M-matrices.

1 See also
Hurwitz matrix

M-matrix

Metzler matrix

P-matrix

2 References
Huan T.; Cheng G.; Cheng X. (1 April
2006). Modied SOR-type iterative
method for Z-matrices. Applied Mathe-
matics and Computation. 175 (1): 258268.
doi:10.1016/j.amc.2005.07.050.

1
2 3 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

3 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

3.1 Text
Z-matrix (mathematics) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-matrix_(mathematics)?oldid=801960490 Contributors: Rpchase,
Geekdog, Peskydan, MystBot, Addbot, Luckas-bot, Citation bot, ArthurBot, J04n, Dcirovic, AManWithNoPlan, Helpful Pixie Bot,
Manoguru, Qetuth, Saung Tadashi, Me, Myself, and I are Here and Anonymous: 2

3.2 Images
File:Rubik{}s_cube_v3.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg License: CC-BY-
SA-3.0 Contributors: Image:Rubik{}s cube v2.svg Original artist: User:Booyabazooka, User:Meph666 modied by User:Niabot

3.3 Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0